20:
106:. Unlike Stephanus pagination, which is based upon a three-volume translation of Plato's works and which recycles low page numbers across the three volumes, introducing the possibility for ambiguity if the Platonic work or volume is not specified, Bekker page numbers cycle from 1 through the end of the
1475:
The Bekker pagination method, similar to other conventional systems for numbering pages, exhibits a notable lack of visual representation. The existing data consists of handwritten annotations, unanalyzed tabular data, and visuals from published scholarly works. The visualization is known as the
76:
All modern editions or translations of
Aristotle intended for scholarly readers use Bekker numbers, in addition to or instead of page numbers. Contemporary scholars writing on Aristotle use the Bekker number so that the author's citations can be checked by readers without having to use the same
66:
Bekker numbers consist of up to three ordered coordinates, or pieces of information: a number, the letter a or b, and another number, which refer respectively to the page number of Bekker's edition of the Greek text of
Aristotle's works, the page column (a standard page of Bekker's edition has
110:
regardless of volume, without starting over for some other given volume. Bekker numbering therefore has the advantage that its notation is unambiguous as compact numerical information, although it relies upon the ordering of
Aristotle's works as presented in Bekker's edition.
67:
exactly two columns), and the line number (total lines typically ranging from 20 to 40 on a given column or page in Bekker's edition). For example, the Bekker number denoting the beginning of
Aristotle's
1327:
To cite a work of the Corpus
Aristotelicum or part thereof, Bekker numbers may be combined with book, chapter, and line numbers to give a precise reference. By academic convention, and regardless of the
119:
The following list is complete. The titles are given in accordance with the standard set by the
Revised Oxford Translation. Latin titles, still often used by scholars, are also given.
1432:
1480:. The objective of this visualization is to emphasize the importance of academic traditions and to bring attention to the lack of research on classical pagination techniques.
573:
1487:
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1225:(1863). As the title suggests, Rose considered these all to be spurious. The numeration of the fragments in a revised edition by Rose, published in the
1525:
1189:
1336:, the pagination in a citation to Aristotle would be in the general form of: Book number(s).Chapter number(s),Bekker number(s)Line number(s).
937:
1429:
1530:
912:
88:
scholars often use the medieval method of reference by book, chapter, and sentence, albeit generally in addition to Bekker numbers.
457:
55:(1785–1871); because the academy was located in Berlin, Germany, the system is occasionally referred to by the alternative name
1449:
1217:. These are not cited by Bekker numbers, however, but according to fragment numbers. Rose's first edition of the fragments of
552:
1239:), although there is a more current edition with a different numeration by Olof Gigon (published in 1987 as a new vol. 3 in
1213:
Surviving fragments of the many lost works of
Aristotle were included in the fifth volume of Bekker's edition, edited by
1510:
355:
41:
1520:
1515:
1201:) was not included in Bekker's edition because it was first edited in 1891 from papyrus rolls acquired in 1890 by the
1214:
822:
288:
1382:, ex recognitione Immanuelis Bekkeri, 5 voll. Berlin, Georgium Reimerum, 1831-1870 (the last volume contains the
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19:
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is 1094a1, which corresponds to page 1094 of Bekker's edition, first column (column a), line 1.
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1343:, 1.9, 991b9-20) would refer to lines 9–20 on page 991b of chapter 9 in Book I of the
80:
While Bekker numbers are the dominant method used to refer to the works of
Aristotle,
1504:
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416:
48:(1831–1837) and takes its name from the editor of that edition, the classical
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45:
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495:
1250:
For a selection of the fragments in
English translation, see W.D. Ross,
1205:. The standard reference to it is by section (and subsection) numbers.
1226:
180:
85:
1488:
The Art and Craft of Citing
Aristotle: A Revisit to Bekker Pagination
1243:'s reprint of the Bekker edition), and a new de Gruyter edition by
1439:
University of Colorado Office of News Services, December 14, 2005.
95:
18:
1430:
CU-Boulder Expert Wins $ 75,000 Award For Research On Aristotle,"
16:
Standard form of referencing to works in the Corpus Aristotelicum
1264:
The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation
1195:
1269:
The works surviving only in fragments include the dialogues
1450:"Citing Plato and Aristotle: Stephanus and Bekker Numbers"
94:
is the comparable system for referring to the works of
1235:, Leipzig, 1886, is still commonly used (indicated by
1313:
Aristotelis Dialogorum fragmenta, in usum scholarum
1494:The data for visualization was obtained from the
1380:Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica
121:
1307:. For the dialogues, see also the editions of
40:. It is based on the page numbers used in the
1266:, vol. 2, Princeton 1984, pp. 2384–2465.
1232:Aristotelis qui ferebantur librorum fragmenta
77:edition or translation that the author used.
8:
1419:, 2 vols., Princeton University Press, 1984.
1332:otherwise generally followed throughout an
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361:
342:
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275:
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237:
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199:
1319:(2 vols.), Naples: Luigi Loffredo, 1987.
1176:Aristotelian works lacking Bekker numbers
36:is the standard form of citation to the
1372:
114:
1315:(Florence 1934), and Renato Laurenti,
7:
1401:The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle
1317:Aristotele: I frammenti dei dialoghi
115:Aristotle's works by Bekker numbers
14:
1303:in his commentary on Aristotle's
562:De Longitudine et Brevitate Vitae
44:edition of the complete works of
1526:Ancient Greek philosophy studies
1060:De Virtutibus et Vitiis Libellus
146:Generally agreed to be spurious.
1413:The Complete Works of Aristotle
1293:. The possibly spurious work,
832:De mirabilibus auscultationibus
585:Vita et Morte, De Respiratione
1:
1190:Constitution of the Athenians
1182:Constitution of the Athenians
949:De Melisso, Xenophane, Gorgia
583:De Juventute et Senectute, De
363:De Generatione et Corruptione
102:is the comparable system for
1339:For example, a citation of (
1196:
356:On Generation and Corruption
42:Prussian Academy of Sciences
1476:first attempt to visualize
1223:Aristoteles Pseudepigraphus
484:De Memoria et Reminiscentia
1549:
1531:Classical Greek philosophy
1299:survives in quotations by
823:On Marvellous Things Heard
576:and Death, and Respiration
289:On Sophistical Refutations
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541:De Divinatione per Somnum
447:("Short Works on Nature")
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1301:Alexander of Aphrodisias
938:On Melissus, Xenophanes,
913:The Situations and Names
713:De Generatione Animalium
465:De Sensu et Sensibilibus
1147:Rhetorica ad Alexandrum
899:De Lineis Insecabilibus
574:On Youth, Old Age, Life
553:On Length and Shortness
296:De Sophisticis Elenchis
104:Pre-Socratic philosophy
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1309:Richard Rudolf Walzer
1138:Rhetoric to Alexander
1108:Rhetoric and poetics
706:Generation of Animals
656:De Partibus Animalium
100:Diels–Kranz numbering
22:
1403:, Cambridge 1995 xxi
1357:Stephanus pagination
1051:On Virtues and Vices
981:Ethics and politics
890:On Indivisible Lines
694:De Incessu Animalium
458:Sense and Sensibilia
307:(natural philosophy)
258:Analytica Posteriora
108:Corpus Aristotelicum
92:Stephanus pagination
1511:Referencing systems
1384:Index Aristotelicus
1247:is in preparation.
668:Movement of Animals
503:De Somno et Vigilia
251:Posterior Analytics
1521:Works by Aristotle
1516:1831 introductions
1435:2016-04-18 at the
1197:AthenaiĹŤn Politeia
991:Nicomachean Ethics
637:Historia Animalium
630:History of Animals
220:De Interpretatione
70:Nicomachean Ethics
38:works of Aristotle
27:
1399:Jonathan Barnes,
1245:Eckart SchĂĽtrumpf
1241:Walter de Gruyter
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998:Ethica Nicomachea
675:De Motu Animalium
213:On Interpretation
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34:Bekker pagination
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1260:Jonathan Barnes
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777:Physiognomonics
754:On Things Heard
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395:On the Universe
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1275:On the Good
1256:Oxford 1952
1167:Ars Poetica
974:Metaphysica
967:Metaphysics
940:and Gorgias
417:On the Soul
375:Meteorology
166:Latin name
50:philologist
1505:Categories
1460:2021-03-16
1368:References
1287:On Justice
1100:Oeconomica
876:Problemata
809:De Plantis
612:De Spiritu
201:Categoriae
194:Categories
1498:website.
1219:Aristotle
1209:Fragments
1092:Economics
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846:Mechanics
800:On Plants
731:On Colors
603:On Breath
515:On Dreams
477:On Memory
46:Aristotle
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1351:See also
1296:On Ideas
1229:series,
1118:Rhetoric
1080:Politica
1073:Politics
915:of Winds
868:Problems
496:On Sleep
424:De Anima
404:De Mundo
344:De Caelo
82:Catholic
1496:Perseus
1454:Proofed
1279:Eudemus
1262:(ed.),
1258:), and
1227:Teubner
1160:Poetics
720:
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555:of Life
431:
325:Physica
318:Physics
304:Physics
181:Organon
86:Thomist
1289:, and
1155:1447a
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1132:1420a
1113:1354a
1087:1343a
1068:1252a
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277:Topica
270:Topics
171:Logic
159:number
157:Bekker
98:, and
1144:[
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163:Work
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246:71a
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136:*
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