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with neural recordings/manipulations. Analyses can be conducted on how keypoints (i.e. parts of the animal) move within different phases of a particular behavior (on a short timescale), or throughout an animal's behavioral repertoire (longer timescale). These keypoint changes can be compared with corresponding changes in neural activity. A machine learning approach can also be used to identify specific behaviors (e.g. forward walking, turning, grooming, courtship, etc.), and quantify the dynamics of transitions between behaviors.
1597:– A method whereby an electrode is introduced into the brain of a living animal to detect electrical activity that is generated by the neurons adjacent to the electrode tip. Normally this is performed with sedated animals but sometimes it is performed on awake animals engaged in a behavioral event, such as a thirsty rat whisking a particular sandpaper grade previously paired with water in order to measure the corresponding patterns of neuronal firing at the decision point.
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psychology to enhance their understanding of the functions and developments in nervous systems. Examples of methods include the modelling of neurons, networks and brain systems and theoretical analysis. Computational methods have a wide variety of roles including clarifying experiments, hypothesis testing and generating new insights. These techniques play an increasing role in the advancement of biological psychology.
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1656:– MEG shows the functioning of the human brain through the measurement of electromagnetic activity. Measuring the magnetic fields created by the electric current flowing within the neurons identifies brain activity associated with various human functions in real time, with millimeter spatial accuracy. Clinicians can noninvasively obtain data to help them assess neurological disorders and plan surgical treatments.
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1635:, in which scalp electrodes monitor the average activity of neurons in the cortex (again, used most frequently with human subjects). This technique uses different types of electrodes for recording systems such as needle electrodes and saline-based electrodes. EEG allows for the investigation of mental disorders, sleep disorders and physiology. It can monitor brain development and cognitive engagement.
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analyzes behavior and all the subjects it is concerned about, from a scientific point of view. In this context, psychology helps as a complementary, but important discipline in the neurobiological sciences. The role of psychology in this questions is that of a social tool that backs up the main or strongest biological science. The term "psychobiology" was first used in its modern sense by
1572:(VSDs) were among the earliest method for optically detecting neuronal activity. VSDs commonly changed their fluorescent properties in response to a voltage change across the neuron's membrane, rendering membrane sub-threshold and supra-threshold (action potentials) electrical activity detectable. Genetically encoded voltage sensitive fluorescent proteins have also been developed.
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1378:– A classic method in which a brain-region of interest is naturally or intentionally destroyed to observe any resulting changes such as degraded or enhanced performance on some behavioral measure. Lesions can be placed with relatively high accuracy "Thanks to a variety of brain 'atlases' which provide a map of brain regions in 3-dimensional"
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1625:- PET detects particles called photons using a 3-D nuclear medicine examination. These particles are emitted by injections of radioisotopes such as fluorine. PET imaging reveal the pathological processes which predict anatomic changes making it important for detecting, diagnosing and characterising many pathologies.
1881:, a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality, most commonly manifesting as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking in the context of significant social or occupational dysfunction.
1755:
post-surgery is to some degree a result of damage to surrounding neural tissue, rather than by a lesion of a distinct brain region. Most genetic manipulation techniques are also considered permanent. Temporary lesions can be achieved with advanced in genetic manipulations, for example, certain genes
1750:
Different manipulations have advantages and limitations. Neural tissue destroyed as a primary consequence of a surgery, electric shock or neurotoxin can confound the results so that the physical trauma masks changes in the fundamental neurophysiological processes of interest. For example, when using
1731:
techniques in recent years have allowed for precise quantifications of animal movements without needing to fit physical markers onto the subject. On high-speed video captured in a behavioral assay, keypoints from the subject can be extracted frame-by-frame, which is often useful to analyze in tandem
1292:
was able to develop a map of the cerebral cortex through studying epileptic patients along with
Rassmussen. Research on localization of function has led behavioral neuroscientists to a better understanding of which parts of the brain control behavior. This is best exemplified through the case study
1321:
In many cases, humans may serve as experimental subjects in behavioral neuroscience experiments; however, a great deal of the experimental literature in behavioral neuroscience comes from the study of non-human species, most frequently rats, mice, and monkeys. As a result, a critical assumption in
1275:
are two of several philosophers who participated in this debate. Plato believed that the brain was where all mental thought and processes happened. In contrast, Aristotle believed the brain served the purpose of cooling down the emotions derived from the heart. The mind-body problem was a stepping
1300:
The term "psychobiology" has been used in a variety of contexts, emphasizing the importance of biology, which is the discipline that studies organic, neural and cellular modifications in behavior, plasticity in neuroscience, and biological diseases in all aspects, in addition, biology focuses and
1741:
Computational models - Using a computer to formulate real-world problems to develop solutions. Although this method is often focused in computer science, it has begun to move towards other areas of study. For example, psychology is one of these areas. Computational models allow researchers in
1470:
inhibition – A light activated inhibitory protein is expressed in cells of interest. Powerful millisecond timescale neuronal inhibition is instigated upon stimulation by the appropriate frequency of light delivered via fiber optics or implanted LEDs in the case of vertebrates, or via external
1813:
However, with increasing technical sophistication and with the development of more precise noninvasive methods that can be applied to human subjects, behavioral neuroscientists are beginning to contribute to other classical topic areas of psychology, philosophy, and linguistics, such as:
1714:
1869:, a neurodegenerative disease that, in its most common form, is found in people over the age of 65 and is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, together with declining activities of daily living and by neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes.
1615:
3408:
Goodwin, Nastacia L.; Choong, Jia J.; Hwang, Sophia; Pitts, Kayla; Bloom, Liana; Islam, Aasiya; Zhang, Yizhe Y.; Szelenyi, Eric R.; Tong, Xiaoyu; Newman, Emily L.; Miczek, Klaus; Wright, Hayden R.; McLaughlin, Ryan J.; Norville, Zane C.; Eshel, Neir (2024-05-22).
1254:
Even before the 18th and 19th centuries, behavioral neuroscience was beginning to take form as far back as 1700 B.C. The question that seems to continually arise is: what is the connection between the mind and body? The debate is formally referred to as the
1342:, which relies heavily on the study of the behavior of humans with nervous system dysfunction (i.e., a non-experimentally based biological manipulation). Synonyms for behavioral neuroscience include biopsychology, biological psychology, and psychobiology.
2504:
Zhang, Feng; Wang, Li-Ping; Brauner, Martin; Liewald, Jana F.; Kay, Kenneth; Watzke, Natalie; Wood, Phillip G.; Bamberg, Ernst; Nagel, Georg; Gottschalk, Alexander; Deisseroth, Karl (2007). "Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry".
1701:
can be engineered to lack a particular gene, or a gene may be expressed in a strain which does not normally do so (the 'transgenic'). Advanced techniques may also permit the expression or suppression of a gene to occur by injection of some regulating
1555:-2 (ChR2), a light activated cation channel, was the first bacterial opsin shown to excite neurons in response to light, though a number of new excitatory optogenetic tools have now been generated by improving and imparting novel properties to ChR2.
3452:
Weinreb, Caleb; Pearl, Jonah; Lin, Sherry; Osman, Mohammed Abdal Monium; Zhang, Libby; Annapragada, Sidharth; Conlin, Eli; Hoffman, Red; Makowska, Sofia (2023-03-17), "Keypoint-MoSeq: parsing behavior by linking point tracking to pose dynamics",
1313:. In the announcement of that journal, Dunlap writes that the journal will publish research "...bearing on the interconnection of mental and physiological functions", which describes the field of behavioral neuroscience even in its modern sense.
1565:
Optical techniques – Optical methods for recording neuronal activity rely on methods that modify the optical properties of neurons in response to the cellular events associated with action potentials or neurotransmitter release.
1764:
In general, behavioral neuroscientists study similar themes and issues as academic psychologists, though limited by the need to use nonhuman animals. As a result, the bulk of literature in behavioral neuroscience deals with
1588:
that combines a synaptic vesicle membrane protein and a pH sensitive fluorescent protein. Upon synaptic vesicle release, the chimeric protein is exposed to the higher pH of the synaptic cleft, causing a measurable change in
1434:– A new technique usually used with human subjects in which a magnetic coil applied to the scalp causes unsystematic electrical activity in nearby cortical neurons which can be experimentally analyzed as a functional lesion.
1756:
can now be switched on and off with diet. Pharmacological manipulations also allow blocking of certain neurotransmitters temporarily as the function returns to its previous state after the drug has been metabolized.
1287:
which played a significant role in the development in behavioral neuroscience. As a result of localization of function research, many famous people found within psychology have come to various different conclusions.
1893:, a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create the feelings that are typically recognized as fear, apprehension, or worry.
1618:
PET brain scans can show chemical differences in the brain between addicts and non-addicts. The normal images in the bottom row come from non-addicts while people with addictions have scans that look more
1514:. Antagonists can be delivered systemically (such as by intravenous injection) or locally (intracerebrally) during a surgical procedure into the ventricles or into specific brain structures. For example,
1863:, a rare inherited neurological disorder whose most obvious symptoms are abnormal body movements and a lack of coordination. It also affects a number of mental abilities and some aspects of personality.
2614:
Kim, Jeansok J.; Decola, Joseph P.; Landeira-Fernandez, Jesus; Fanselow, Michael S. (1991). "N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist APV blocks acquisition but not expression of fear conditioning".
1535:-DREADDs can be used to modulate cellular function by innervation of brain regions such as Hippocampus. This innervation results in the amplification of Îł-rhythms, which increases motor activity.
1322:
behavioral neuroscience is that organisms share biological and behavioral similarities, enough to permit extrapolations across species. This allies behavioral neuroscience closely with
1887:, a brain development disorder that impairs social interaction and communication, and causes restricted and repetitive behavior, all starting before a child is three years old.
2882:
O'Donovan, Michael J.; Ho, Stephen; Sholomenko, Gerald; Yee, Wayne (1993). "Real-time imaging of neurons retrogradely and anterogradely labelled with calcium-sensitive dyes".
1239:. Physiologists conducted experiments on living organisms, a practice that was distrusted by the dominant anatomists of the 18th and 19th centuries. The influential work of
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1440:– A receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand (RASSL) or Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD), permits spatial and temporal control of
39:
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an electrolytic probe to create a purposeful lesion in a distinct region of the rat brain, surrounding tissue can be affected: so, a change in behavior exhibited by the
1129:
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Electrical stimulation – A classic method in which neural activity is enhanced by application of a small electric current (too small to cause significant cell death).
1366:
of the organism under study is permanently or temporarily altered, or some aspect of the nervous system is measured (usually to be related to a behavioral variable).
2741:
Gradinaru, Viviana; Zhang, Feng; Ramakrishnan, Charu; Mattis, Joanna; Prakash, Rohit; Diester, Ilka; Goshen, Inbal; Thompson, Kimberly R.; Deisseroth, Karl (2010).
1875:, a common psychiatric disorder, characterized by a persistent lowering of mood, loss of interest in usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure.
1437:
1189:, a midline unpaired structure in the brain of many organisms, was the point of contact between mind and body. Descartes also elaborated on a theory in which the
2966:
Miesenböck, Gero; De
Angelis, Dino A.; Rothman, James E. (1998). "Visualizing secretion and synaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins".
1838:
Behavioral neuroscience has also had a strong history of contributing to the understanding of medical disorders, including those that fall under the purview of
3104:
Karashchuk, Pierre; Rupp, Katie L.; Dickinson, Evyn S.; Walling-Bell, Sarah; Sanders, Elischa; Azim, Eiman; Brunton, Bingni W.; Tuthill, John C. (2021-09-28).
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tool. These synthetic ligands upon activation can decrease neural function by G-protein activation. This can with
Potassium attenuating neural activity.
3161:
Mathis, Alexander; Mamidanna, Pranav; Cury, Kevin M.; Abe, Taiga; Murthy, Venkatesh N.; Mathis, Mackenzie
Weygandt; Bethge, Matthias (September 2018).
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Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Chow, B. Y. et al. "High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by light-driven proton pumps." Nature. Vol 463. 7 January 2010
1650:
prior to some behavioral task can be followed by anatomical localization of that chemical; it is taken up by neurons that are electrically active.
1578:
relies on dyes or genetically encoded proteins that fluoresce upon binding to the calcium that is transiently present during an action potential.
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apparatus and are taken to indicate relative activity of larger scale brain regions (i.e., on the order of hundreds of thousands of neurons).
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winners could reasonably be considered behavioral neuroscientists or neurobiologists. (This list omits winners who were almost exclusively
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derived from one strain on the background genome of another strain to allow stronger inferences about the role of that stretch of DNA.
702:
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Zhang, Feng; Wang, Li-Ping; Boyden, Edward S.; Deisseroth, Karl (2006). "Channelrhodopsin-2 and optical control of excitable cells".
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are the two classes of proteins used for inhibitory optogenetics, achieving inhibition by increasing cytoplasmic levels of halides (
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31:
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and Neil V. Watson (2007). Biological
Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience 6e. Sinauer Associates.
1850:
do not exist for all mental illnesses, the field has contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including:
1600:
Multielectrode recording – The use of a bundle of fine electrodes to record the simultaneous activity of up to hundreds of neurons.
1528:
of excitatory synaptic transmission (in rodent fear conditioning) which is believed to be a vital mechanism in learning and memory.
1231:
The emergence of psychology and behavioral neuroscience as legitimate sciences can be traced from the emergence of physiology from
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Marshall, Jesse D.; Aldarondo, Diego E.; Dunn, Timothy W.; Wang, William L.; Berman, Gordon J.; Ă–lveczky, Bence P. (2021-02-03).
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1606:– fMRI, a technique most frequently applied on human subjects, in which changes in cerebral blood flow can be detected in an
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Ebner, Timothy J.; Chen, Gang (1995). "Use of voltage-sensitive dyes and optical recordings in the central nervous system".
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The part of the picture emphasized shows the lesion in the brain. This type of lesion can be removed through surgery.
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Abel, Ted; Lattal, K.Matthew (2001). "Molecular mechanisms of memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval".
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2927:"Genetically Encoded Indicators of Cellular Calcium Dynamics Based on Troponin C and Green Fluorescent Protein"
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Schneider, M. Bret; Gradinaru, Viviana; Zhang, Feng; Deisseroth, Karl (2008). "Controlling
Neuronal Activity".
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1642:. The expression of some anatomical marker is taken to reflect neural activity. For example, the expression of
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3411:"Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA) as a platform for explainable machine learning in behavioral neuroscience"
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Ocampo, T.; Knight, K.; Dunleavy, R.; Shah, S. N. (2015). "Techniques, benefits, and challenges of PET-MR".
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helped to convince the scientific community that reliable data could be obtained from living subjects.
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Syeda, Atika; Zhong, Lin; Tung, Renee; Long, Will; Pachitariu, Marius; Stringer, Carsen (2022-11-04).
1545:), this technique can be analyzed as having a stimulatory effect (rather than as a functional lesion).
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1226:, argues that the scientific study of psychology should be grounded in an understanding of biology.
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1857:, a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills and speech.
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proposed physical models to explain animal as well as human behavior. Descartes suggested that the
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Thomas, R.K. (1993). "INTRODUCTION: A Biopsychology
Festschrift in Honor of Lelon J. Peacock".
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3363:"A-SOiD, an active-learning platform for expert-guided, data-efficient discovery of behavior"
1354:
The distinguishing characteristic of a behavioral neuroscience experiment is that either the
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lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed through the application of electrical shock trauma.
1259:. There are two major schools of thought that attempt to resolve the mind–body problem;
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Tillmann, Jens F.; Hsu, Alexander I.; Schwarz, Martin K.; Yttri, Eric A. (April 2024).
3338:
3305:
3304:
Berman, Gordon J.; Choi, Daniel M.; Bialek, William; Shaevitz, Joshua W. (2014-10-06).
3281:
3249:"Continuous Whole-Body 3D Kinematic Recordings across the Rodent Behavioral Repertoire"
3248:
3138:
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von
Heimendahl, Moritz; Itskov, Pavel M.; Arabzadeh, Ehsan; Diamond, Mathew E. (2007).
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3163:"DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning"
3094:
Sanei, S., & Chambers, J. A. (2013). EEG signal processing. John Wiley & Sons.
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3799:
3553:"Stereotaxic Surgery for Excitotoxic Lesion of Specific Brain Areas in the Adult Rat"
3504:
Churchland, P. S., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2016). The computational brain. MIT press.
3410:
3362:
3233:
2895:
2803:
2651:"Grateful DREADDs: Engineered Receptors Reveal How Neural Circuits Regulate Behavior"
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1976:
1970:
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1698:
1669:– The influence of a gene in some behavior can be statistically inferred by studying
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is a subfield of behavioral neuroscience, with an appropriately narrower definition.
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Kirby, Elizabeth D.; Jensen, Kelly; Goosens, Ki A.; Kaufer, Daniela (19 July 2012).
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and other motor behavior. This theory was inspired by moving statues in a garden in
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1338:. Behavioral neuroscience also has paradigmatic and methodological similarities to
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222:
1683:– Organisms, often mice, may be bred selectively among inbred strains to create a
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is thought to be caused by vigorous neural activity. Likewise, the injection of
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excitation – A light activated excitatory protein is expressed in select cells.
1548:
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1419:
1276:
stone toward attempting to understand the connection between the mind and body.
944:
904:
727:
446:
151:
88:
3422:
3378:
3218:"Facemap: a framework for modeling neural activity based on orofacial tracking"
2758:
2743:"Molecular and Cellular Approaches for Diversifying and Extending Optogenetics"
2367:
2219:
Biological
Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
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1929:; i.e., those that did not measure behavioral or neurobiological variables.)
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was created from a revision of this article dated 18 December 2006
1823:
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lesions – Neural tissue is temporarily disabled by cooling or by the use of
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2567:"ENpHR: A Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications"
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3019:"Neuronal Activity in Rat Barrel Cortex Underlying Texture Discrimination"
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illumination for small, sufficiently translucent invertebrates. Bacterial
1460:(CNO), and not to their natural ligand(s). RASSL's represent a GPCR-based
7348:
7108:
6813:
4941:
4936:
4898:
4186:
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1818:
1789:
1687:. This might be done to isolate an experimentally interesting stretch of
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824:
804:
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521:
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1490:) or decreasing the cytoplasmic concentration of protons, respectively.
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and behaviors that are shared across different animal models such as:
3707:
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1260:
1194:
809:
2565:
Gradinaru, Viviana; Thompson, Kimberly R.; Deisseroth, Karl (2008).
1204:
3909:
3713:
Theory of
Biological Psychology (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English)
1677:
of many species, most notably mice, has facilitated this technique.
5378:
2987:
1798:
1712:
1697:– The genome may also be experimentally-manipulated; for example,
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of some species, most commonly mice. The recent sequencing of the
1613:
1268:
1203:
1198:
766:
3564:
1452:) engineered to respond exclusively to synthetic small molecules
1309:. Dunlap also was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journal
4956:
3306:"Mapping the stereotyped behaviour of freely moving fruit flies"
1515:
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536:
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lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed by removing it surgically.
5569:
1688:
1607:
1521:
30:"Biological psychology" redirects here. For the journals, see
4380:
3516:"How computational models can help unlock biological systems"
3106:"Anipose: A toolkit for robust markerless 3D pose estimation"
3661:
3492:
Otago, U. o., n/d. Computational Modelling. Available at:
1408:
lesions – Neural tissue is destroyed by the infusion of a
2835:"A Genetically Encoded Optical Probe of Membrane Voltage"
1638:
Functional neuroanatomy – A more complex counterpart of
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
1279:
Another debate arose about localization of function or
1317:
Relationship to other fields of psychology and biology
1448:. These systems utilize G protein-coupled receptors (
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40:
Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
1216:. One of the earliest textbooks in the new field,
2281:(9th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. pp. 11–14.
3718:IBRO (International Brain Research Organization)
1228:
3674:
3494:http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/otago032670.pdf
1846:(also known as abnormal psychology). Although
1721:) leg joints being tracked in 3D with Anipose.
6089:
5394:
4396:
3738:
1212:Other philosophers also helped give birth to
1123:
655:
8:
4273:Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
3520:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
1524:has been shown to inhibit the initiation of
1510:induces neural activity by interfering with
2833:Siegel, Micah S.; Isacoff, Ehud Y. (1997).
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2354:Dewsbury, Donald (1991). "Psychobiology".
2349:
2347:
1157:, is the application of the principles of
1130:
1116:
1013:Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
673:
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1541:– In some cases (for example, studies of
1358:of the experiment is biological, or some
1173:of behavior in humans and other animals.
1028:Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery
7260:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
3691:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3455:bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology
2925:Heim, Nicola; Griesbeck, Oliver (2004).
1531:Synthetic Ligand Injection – Likewise, G
1383:
2203:
1631:– EEG, and the derivative technique of
1370:Disabling or decreasing neural function
676:
79:
3310:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
6752:Psychological effects of Internet use
2241:, Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary
1604:Functional magnetic resonance imaging
7:
6032:
4363:
6732:Digital media use and mental health
1362:is biological. In other words, the
6363:Automatic and controlled processes
2304:Foundations of the Neuron Doctrine
1307:An Outline of Psychobiology (1914)
25:
6772:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
4253:Development of the nervous system
3557:Journal of Visualized Experiments
2422:"Silencing synapses with DREADDs"
1539:Transcranial magnetic stimulation
1432:Transcranial magnetic stimulation
1048:Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
748:Neuropsychological rehabilitation
32:Behavioral Neuroscience (journal)
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6797:Mobile phones and driving safety
6055:
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1584:is a technique that relies on a
1096:
1084:
1072:
684:
629:
87:
6700:Computer-mediated communication
5974:List of social science journals
3605:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
2931:Journal of Biological Chemistry
2884:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
1193:of bodily fluids could explain
36:Biological Psychology (journal)
6977:Empathising–systemising theory
6280:female intrasexual competition
6217:Evolutionarily stable strategy
5931:Science and technology studies
3220:. pp. 2022.11.03.515121.
2483:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030444
2471:American Journal of Psychiatry
1:
7337:Standard social science model
6390:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
4708:Industrial and organizational
4094:Social cognitive neuroscience
3617:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00194-x
2852:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80955-1
2253:Journal of General Psychology
1038:Rey–Osterrieth complex figure
1033:Mini–mental state examination
743:Neuropsychological assessment
372:Industrial and organizational
7185:Missing heritability problem
6777:Social aspects of television
6400:Evolution of nervous systems
6368:Computational theory of mind
4947:Human factors and ergonomics
4069:Molecular cellular cognition
3529:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.001
3265:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.016
3122:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109730
3036:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050305
2896:10.1016/0165-0270(93)90145-H
2804:10.1016/0301-0082(95)00010-S
2438:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.002
2302:Shepherd, Gordon M. (1991).
1623:Positron emission tomography
1219:The Principles of Psychology
1003:Benton Visual Retention Test
527:Human factors and ergonomics
7431:Evolutionary biology portal
4288:Neurodevelopmental disorder
4263:Neural network (biological)
4258:Neural network (artificial)
3708:Biological Psychology Links
3514:Brodland, G. Wayne (2015).
2628:10.1037/0735-7044.105.1.126
2306:. Oxford University Press.
2122:Developmental psychobiology
1685:recombinant congenic strain
1506:manipulations – A chemical
1058:Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
1008:Continuous Performance Task
7479:
7392:Evolutionary psychologists
7265:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
7180:Human–animal communication
6892:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
6742:Imprinted brain hypothesis
6710:Human–computer interaction
3815:Computational neuroscience
3423:10.1038/s41593-024-01649-9
3379:10.1038/s41592-024-02200-1
3076:(4): 393–412, quiz 413–6.
2759:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.037
2368:10.1037/0003-066x.46.3.198
2162:Outline of the human brain
1844:biological psychopathology
1746:Limitations and advantages
1725:Markerless pose estimation
1438:Synthetic ligand injection
44:
29:
7386:
7312:Environmental determinism
7283:Cultural selection theory
7170:Evolutionary epistemology
7084:evolutionary neuroscience
6757:Rank theory of depression
6259:Parent–offspring conflict
6111:
6015:
5416:
5333:
4638:Applied behavior analysis
4610:
4418:
4346:
4283:Neurodegenerative disease
4127:Evolutionary neuroscience
3906:
3760:
3463:10.1101/2023.03.16.532307
3226:10.1101/2022.11.03.515121
3179:10.1038/s41593-018-0209-y
2583:10.1007/s11068-008-9027-6
2331:"History of Neuroscience"
2127:Epigenetics in psychology
1560:Measuring neural activity
1495:Enhancing neural function
1281:functional specialization
1018:Hayling and Brixton tests
713:Cognitive neuropsychology
302:Applied behavior analysis
18:Behavioral neuroscientist
7205:Cultural group selection
7089:Biocultural anthropology
6782:Societal impacts of cars
6715:Media naturalness theory
6405:Fight-or-flight response
4248:Brain–computer interface
4197:Neuromorphic engineering
4122:Educational neuroscience
4029:Nutritional neuroscience
3934:Clinical neurophysiology
3830:Integrative neuroscience
2792:Progress in Neurobiology
2649:Ferguson, Susan (2012).
2152:Outline of brain mapping
1774:Sensation and perception
1633:event-related potentials
1380:stereotactic coordinates
1344:Physiological psychology
1171:developmental mechanisms
708:Clinical neuropsychology
45:For related topics, see
7453:Behavioral neuroscience
7405:Evolutionary psychology
7369:Sociocultural evolution
7210:Dual inheritance theory
6667:Personality development
6128:Theoretical foundations
6105:Evolutionary psychology
5619:international relations
4913:Behavioral neuroscience
4478:Behavioral neuroscience
4059:Behavioral neuroscience
2655:Neuropsychopharmacology
2616:Behavioral Neuroscience
2132:Evolutionary psychology
1719:Drosophila melanogaster
1143:Behavioral neuroscience
492:Behavioral neuroscience
148:Behavioral neuroscience
7327:Social constructionism
7322:Psychological nativism
7297:Biological determinism
7245:Recent human evolution
7240:Punctuated equilibrium
7063:Behavioral epigenetics
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7027:Variability hypothesis
6972:Emotional intelligence
6705:Engineering psychology
6395:Evolution of the brain
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4904:Behavioral engineering
4841:Human subject research
4497:Cognitive neuroscience
4463:Affective neuroscience
4054:Affective neuroscience
3835:Molecular neuroscience
3790:Behavioral epigenetics
3669:
3649:Listen to this article
3322:10.1098/rsif.2014.0672
2944:10.1074/jbc.M312751200
2279:Physiology of Behavior
2277:Carlson, Neil (2007).
2117:Cognitive neuroscience
2092:Affective neuroscience
1737:Other research methods
1722:
1654:Magnetoencephalography
1629:Electroencephalography
1620:
1570:Voltage sensitive dyes
1526:long term potentiation
1389:
1324:comparative psychology
1229:
1209:
890:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
753:Traumatic brain injury
718:Cognitive neuroscience
542:Psychology of religion
482:Behavioral engineering
166:Cognitive neuroscience
134:Affective neuroscience
55:Cognitive neuroscience
47:Affective neuroscience
7463:Psychoneuroimmunology
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7317:Nature versus nurture
7276:Theoretical positions
7124:Functional psychology
7119:Evolutionary medicine
7094:Biological psychiatry
6802:Texting while driving
6792:Lead–crime hypothesis
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6637:Caregiver deprivation
6148:Gene selection theory
5983:Other categorizations
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4112:Consumer neuroscience
3954:Neurogastroenterology
3810:Cellular neuroscience
3668:
3070:Radiologic Technology
2356:American Psychologist
2333:. Columbia University
2172:Psychoneuroimmunology
2167:Physical anthropology
2157:Outline of psychology
2137:Models of abnormality
2102:Biological psychiatry
1781:(hunger, thirst, sex)
1727:– The advancement of
1716:
1644:immediate early genes
1617:
1595:Single-unit recording
1504:Psychopharmacological
1387:
1207:
1147:biological psychology
1091:Philosophy portal
1079:Psychology portal
1053:Wechsler Memory Scale
1023:Lexical Decision Task
636:Psychology portal
7307:Cultural determinism
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7099:Cognitive psychology
7047:Academic disciplines
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6662:Language acquisition
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6455:Wason selection task
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4821:Behavior epigenetics
4089:Sensory neuroscience
3929:Behavioral neurology
3900:Systems neuroscience
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2667:10.1038/npp.2011.179
1861:Huntington's disease
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1356:independent variable
1332:evolutionary biology
51:Behavioral neurology
7374:Unilineal evolution
7139:Population genetics
6924:Sexy son hypothesis
6862:Hormonal motivation
6842:Concealed ovulation
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4009:Neurorehabilitation
3979:Neuro-ophthalmology
3964:Neurointensive care
3795:Behavioral genetics
3415:Nature Neuroscience
3167:Nature Neuroscience
2980:1998Natur.394..192M
2937:(14): 14280–14286.
2527:10.1038/nature05744
2519:2007Natur.446..633Z
2187:Social neuroscience
2097:Behavioral genetics
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1867:Alzheimer's disease
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402:Occupational health
144:Behavioral genetics
75:Part of a series on
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6967:Division of labour
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604:Schools of thought
442:Sport and exercise
288:Applied psychology
7440:
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7382:
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7225:Hologenome theory
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7035:
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6906:Sexual attraction
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6647:Cinderella effect
6577:Moral foundations
6481:Visual perception
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4584:Psycholinguistics
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4377:
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4162:Neuroepistemology
4137:Neuroanthropology
4103:Interdisciplinary
3989:Neuropharmacology
3949:Neuroepidemiology
3666:
3259:(3): 420–437.e8.
2974:(6689): 192–195.
2513:(7136): 633–639.
2409:978-0-87893-705-9
2397:S. Marc Breedlove
2288:978-0-205-46724-2
2227:978-0-87893-705-9
2072:Cornelia Bargmann
2007:Torsten N. Wiesel
1512:neurotransmission
1458:clozapine N-oxide
1257:mind-body problem
1140:
1139:
972:("H.M.", patient)
965:Hans-Lukas Teuber
885:Elkhonon Goldberg
672:
671:
569:Counseling topics
512:Consumer behavior
253:Psycholinguistics
139:Affective science
16:(Redirected from
7470:
7427:
7414:
7401:
7400:
7044:
7040:Related subjects
6827:Adult attachment
6354:Cognitive module
6310:
6297:Social selection
6271:Costly signaling
6266:Sexual selection
6153:Modern synthesis
6098:
6091:
6084:
6075:
6059:
6049:
6048:
6035:
6034:
6023:
6022:
5926:Regional science
5771:Cultural studies
5746:Business studies
5403:
5396:
5389:
5380:
5310:Research methods
5253:Richard Davidson
5248:Joseph E. LeDoux
5123:George A. Miller
5113:David McClelland
5108:Herbert A. Simon
5008:Edward Thorndike
4831:Content analysis
4616:
4589:Psychophysiology
4405:
4398:
4391:
4382:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4353:
4268:Detection theory
4152:Neurocriminology
4079:Neurolinguistics
3994:Neuroprosthetics
3912:
3875:Neuroinformatics
3825:Imaging genetics
3747:
3740:
3733:
3724:
3690:
3688:
3677:
3676:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3637:
3636:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3576:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3522:. 47–48: 62–73.
3511:
3505:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3316:(99): 20140672.
3301:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3173:(9): 1281–1289.
3158:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2854:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2712:10.1038/nmeth936
2695:
2689:
2688:
2678:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2577:(1–4): 129–139.
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2449:
2420:Zhu, Hu (2014).
2417:
2411:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2274:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2208:
1959:Georg von Békésy
1767:mental processes
1582:Synapto-pHluorin
1553:Channelrhodopsin
1489:
1488:
1487:
1350:Research methods
1285:equipotentiality
1161:to the study of
1145:, also known as
1132:
1125:
1118:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1075:
997:
981:
973:
880:Norman Geschwind
860:Arthur L. Benton
849:
800:Natural language
769:
697:
688:
674:
664:
657:
650:
634:
633:
632:
599:Research methods
258:Psychophysiology
120:Basic psychology
91:
72:
21:
7478:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7467:
7458:Neuropsychology
7443:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7378:
7364:Neoevolutionism
7271:
7255:Species complex
7220:Group selection
7158:Research topics
7153:
7129:Neuropsychology
7031:
7017:Substance abuse
6939:Sex differences
6933:
6847:Coolidge effect
6808:
6720:Neuroergonomics
6685:
6676:
6600:
6502:
6436:Folk psychology
6317:
6301:
6171:
6164:
6107:
6102:
6072:
6067:
6043:
6011:
5978:
5962:
5936:Science studies
5720:Administration
5709:
5435:
5412:
5410:Social sciences
5407:
5377:
5372:
5329:
5305:Psychotherapies
5266:
5223:Martin Seligman
5188:Daniel Kahneman
5128:Richard Lazarus
5078:Raymond Cattell
4982:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4885:
4797:
4624:
4617:
4608:
4569:Neuropsychology
4449:
4442:
4414:
4409:
4379:
4374:
4342:
4328:Neurotechnology
4323:Neuroplasticity
4318:Neuromodulation
4313:Neuromanagement
4236:
4207:Neurophilosophy
4104:
4098:
4084:Neuropsychology
4045:
4038:
3999:Neuropsychiatry
3959:Neuroimmunology
3944:Neurocardiology
3920:
3913:
3904:
3895:Neurophysiology
3885:Neuromorphology
3840:Neural decoding
3781:
3774:
3756:
3751:
3704:
3703:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3681:This audio file
3678:
3671:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3602:
3601:
3590:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2706:(10): 785–792.
2697:
2696:
2692:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2401:Mark Rosenzweig
2395:
2391:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2087:
2060:in Neuroscience
2054:
2049:May-Britt Moser
1995:Roger W. Sperry
1989:Karl von Frisch
1923:neuroanatomists
1913:Nobel Laureates
1910:
1828:decision making
1762:
1748:
1739:
1729:computer vision
1709:
1663:
1576:Calcium imaging
1562:
1534:
1497:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1372:
1352:
1340:neuropsychology
1319:
1290:Wilder Penfield
1235:, particularly
1179:
1136:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
998:
993:
986:
985:
979:
971:
970:Henry Molaison
960:Roger W. Sperry
955:Mark Rosenzweig
940:Karl H. Pribram
930:Alexander Luria
900:Kenneth Heilman
870:Antonio Damasio
850:
847:
840:
839:
830:Problem solving
790:Decision making
770:
767:Brain functions
765:
758:
757:
738:Neurophysiology
698:
695:
678:Neuropsychology
668:
630:
628:
621:
620:
619:
618:
594:Psychotherapies
562:
552:
551:
472:
464:
463:
462:
461:
290:
280:
279:
278:
277:
238:Neuropsychology
122:
70:
63:Neuropsychology
59:Neuropsychiatry
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7476:
7474:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7445:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7434:
7421:
7408:
7395:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7285:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7069:
7060:
7050:
7048:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6943:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6908:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6747:Mind-blindness
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6691:
6689:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6621:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6592:
6591:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6547:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6512:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6442:
6440:theory of mind
6433:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6323:
6321:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6273:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6207:Baldwin effect
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6078:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6053:
6041:
6029:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5879:social science
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5811:Global studies
5808:
5806:Gender studies
5803:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5789:social science
5785:Environmental
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5484:macroeconomics
5481:
5479:microeconomics
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5383:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:Roy Baumeister
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5198:Michael Posner
5195:
5190:
5185:
5183:Elliot Aronson
5180:
5178:Walter Mischel
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Albert Bandura
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5118:Leon Festinger
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5088:Neal E. Miller
5085:
5083:Abraham Maslow
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Ernest Hilgard
5065:
5063:Donald O. Hebb
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5043:J. P. Guilford
5040:
5038:Gordon Allport
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:John B. Watson
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4811:Animal testing
4807:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:Cross-cultural
4511:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4494:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4360:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4338:Self-awareness
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:Neurodiversity
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4192:Neuromarketing
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Neuroesthetics
4164:
4159:
4157:Neuroeconomics
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:Neuroradiology
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Neuropathology
3981:
3976:
3974:Neuro-oncology
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Neurochemistry
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3693:
3679:
3672:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:External links
3641:
3639:
3638:
3611:(2): 180–187.
3588:
3543:
3506:
3497:
3485:
3444:
3400:
3373:(4): 703–711.
3367:Nature Methods
3353:
3296:
3239:
3208:
3153:
3116:(13): 109730.
3096:
3087:
3060:
3009:
2958:
2917:
2874:
2845:(4): 735–741.
2825:
2798:(5): 463–506.
2782:
2753:(1): 154–165.
2733:
2700:Nature Methods
2690:
2661:(1): 296–297.
2641:
2622:(1): 126–133.
2606:
2557:
2548:
2496:
2461:
2432:(4): 723–725.
2412:
2389:
2362:(3): 198–205.
2343:
2319:
2312:
2294:
2287:
2262:
2243:
2231:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2019:Arvid Carlsson
2016:
2013:Eric R. Kandel
2010:
2004:
2001:David H. Hubel
1998:
1992:
1986:
1983:Niko Tinbergen
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1917:The following
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1761:
1758:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1678:
1671:inbred strains
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1648:2-deoxyglucose
1636:
1626:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1586:fusion protein
1579:
1573:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1473:Halorhodopsins
1465:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1413:
1403:
1397:
1371:
1368:
1364:nervous system
1351:
1348:
1318:
1315:
1249:William Harvey
1241:Claude Bernard
1183:René Descartes
1178:
1175:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
992:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
925:Rodolfo Llinás
922:
920:Benjamin Libet
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:Donald O. Hebb
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
694:
693:
690:
689:
681:
680:
670:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
623:
622:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
565:
564:
563:
558:
557:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
292:
291:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
183:Cross-cultural
180:
175:
174:
173:
163:
154:
149:
146:
141:
136:
131:
125:
124:
123:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
106:
101:
93:
92:
84:
83:
77:
76:
27:Field of study
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7475:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7433:
7432:
7426:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7413:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7359:Neo-Darwinism
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7344:Functionalism
7342:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7302:Connectionism
7300:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7292:indeterminism
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7045:
7042:
7038:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7012:Schizophrenia
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6997:Mental health
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6872:Mate guarding
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6832:Age disparity
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:Schizophrenia
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6687:Mental health
6683:
6682:Human factors
6679:
6673:
6672:Socialization
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6632:paternal bond
6629:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6497:
6496:NaĂŻve physics
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6462:Motor control
6460:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6420:Ophidiophobia
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6410:Arachnophobia
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6337:Display rules
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6239:Kin selection
6237:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6167:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6133:Adaptationism
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6099:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6002:Human science
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5958:Vegan studies
5956:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:Public health
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5855:Philosophies
5854:
5852:
5851:Media studies
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:Human ecology
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5736:Anthrozoology
5734:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5661:developmental
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:public policy
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5585:legal systems
5583:
5581:
5580:legal history
5578:
5576:
5575:jurisprudence
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5404:
5399:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Psychologists
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Organizations
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:John Anderson
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:Ulric Neisser
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Endel Tulving
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:Robert Zajonc
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5093:Jerome Bruner
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:B. F. Skinner
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Clark L. Hull
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:Sigmund Freud
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:William James
4991:
4989:
4988:Wilhelm Wundt
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:Psychologists
4976:
4968:
4967:Psychometrics
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:Consciousness
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:Psychophysics
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4803:Methodologies
4800:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Psychotherapy
4761:
4759:
4758:Psychometrics
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:Developmental
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4371:
4370:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4345:
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4336:
4334:
4331:
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4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
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4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
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4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Neurotheology
4220:
4218:
4217:Neurorobotics
4215:
4213:
4212:Neuropolitics
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Neuroethology
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
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4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4074:Motor control
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:Chronobiology
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Neurovirology
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
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3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
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3960:
3957:
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3927:
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3924:
3922:
3916:
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3891:
3888:
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3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Neurogenetics
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
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3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Brain-reading
3803:
3801:
3800:Brain mapping
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3768:
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3743:
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3736:
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3729:
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3725:
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3701:
3697:
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3634:
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3626:
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3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
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3384:
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3364:
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3331:
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3292:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3209:
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3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
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3168:
3164:
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3127:
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3119:
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3091:
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3083:
3079:
3075:
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3042:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3010:
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2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:10.1038/28190
2985:
2981:
2977:
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2969:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2921:
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2913:
2909:
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2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:(2): 91–106.
2889:
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2500:
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2423:
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2350:
2348:
2344:
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2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2313:0-19-506491-7
2309:
2305:
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2290:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:Psychobiology
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Psychophysics
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Neuroethology
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:Winfried Denk
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:Linda B. Buck
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:Konrad Lorenz
1975:
1972:
1971:Ragnar Granit
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:Schizophrenia
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:animal models
1845:
1841:
1834:
1833:Consciousness
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:knockout mice
1696:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:fluorescence.
1587:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
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1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
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1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
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1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
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1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1311:Psychobiology
1308:
1304:
1303:Knight Dunlap
1298:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1224:William James
1221:
1220:
1215:
1208:William James
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:physiological
1160:
1156:
1155:psychobiology
1152:
1151:biopsychology
1148:
1144:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
990:
989:
982:
976:
974:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
935:Brenda Milner
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Alan Baddeley
853:
852:
844:
843:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:Consciousness
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
768:
762:
761:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Brain regions
701:
700:
692:
691:
687:
683:
682:
679:
675:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
627:
626:
625:
624:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Psychologists
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:Organizations
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
561:
556:
555:
548:
547:Psychometrics
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Consciousness
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
468:
467:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Psychotherapy
425:
423:
422:Psychometrics
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
289:
284:
283:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
193:Developmental
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
153:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
121:
116:
115:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7429:
7416:
7403:
7390:
7149:Sociobiology
7075:
7007:Neuroscience
6987:Intelligence
6533:Anthropology
6486:Color vision
6471:Multitasking
6450:Flynn effect
6445:Intelligence
6427:Folk biology
6170:Evolutionary
6060:
6036:
6024:
5994:
5801:Food studies
5741:Area studies
5494:mathematical
5489:econometrics
5447:Anthropology
5213:Larry Squire
5208:Bruce McEwen
5203:Amos Tversky
5173:Jerome Kagan
5163:Noam Chomsky
5103:Hans Eysenck
5073:Harry Harlow
5053:Erik Erikson
4952:Intelligence
4851:Neuroimaging
4594:Quantitative
4559:Mathematical
4554:Intelligence
4544:Experimental
4539:Evolutionary
4529:Differential
4477:
4438:Psychologist
4367:
4355:
4303:Neuroimaging
4298:Neurogenesis
4182:Neurohistory
4147:Neurobiotics
4058:
4046:neuroscience
4014:Neurosurgery
3939:Epileptology
3921:neuroscience
3890:Neurophysics
3880:Neurometrics
3855:Neurobiology
3850:Neuroanatomy
3820:Connectomics
3754:Neuroscience
3608:
3604:
3565:10.3791/4079
3559:(65): 4079.
3556:
3546:
3519:
3509:
3500:
3488:
3454:
3447:
3414:
3403:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3211:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3113:
3110:Cell Reports
3109:
3099:
3090:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3029:(11): e305.
3026:
3023:PLOS Biology
3022:
3012:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2551:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2392:
2359:
2355:
2335:. Retrieved
2303:
2297:
2278:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2234:
2218:
2206:
2192:Neuroscience
2142:Neurobiology
2112:Biosemiotics
2066:Ann Graybiel
2056:
2055:
2043:Edvard Moser
2037:John O'Keefe
2025:Richard Axel
1941:Edgar Adrian
1916:
1912:
1911:
1899:, including
1837:
1812:
1763:
1749:
1740:
1543:motor cortex
1503:
1477:Proton pumps
1462:chemogenetic
1424:tetrodotoxin
1415:
1405:
1400:Electrolytic
1399:
1393:
1353:
1336:neurobiology
1320:
1310:
1306:
1305:in his book
1299:
1295:Phineas Gage
1278:
1253:
1245:Charles Bell
1237:neuroanatomy
1230:
1217:
1211:
1187:pineal gland
1180:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
950:Oliver Sacks
915:Muriel Lezak
910:Edith Kaplan
875:Phineas Gage
733:Neuroanatomy
532:Intelligence
491:
263:Quantitative
228:Mathematical
223:Intelligence
213:Experimental
208:Evolutionary
198:Differential
7288:Determinism
7200:Coevolution
7144:Primatology
6982:Gender role
6887:Orientation
6767:Screen time
6624:Affectional
6606:Development
6285:Mate choice
6212:By-products
6180:Adaptations
6143:Cognitivism
6062:Wikiversity
5953:Social work
5841:Linguistics
5766:Criminology
5683:criminology
5666:personality
5624:comparative
5602:Linguistics
5595:private law
5452:archaeology
5285:Disciplines
5258:Susan Fiske
5148:Roger Brown
5048:Carl Rogers
5033:Jean Piaget
4998:Ivan Pavlov
4856:Observation
4836:Experiments
4783:Suicidology
4678:Educational
4633:Anomalistic
4604:Theoretical
4579:Personality
4509:Comparative
4492:Cognitivism
4483:Behaviorism
4172:Neuroethics
4019:Neurotology
2058:Kavli Prize
1965:George Wald
1947:Walter Hess
1919:Nobel Prize
1760:Topic areas
1717:Fruit fly (
1667:QTL mapping
1549:Optogenetic
1468:Optogenetic
1420:anesthetics
1043:Stroop Test
945:Pasko Rakic
905:Eric Kandel
728:Human brain
574:Disciplines
447:Suicidology
342:Educational
297:Anomalistic
273:Theoretical
248:Personality
178:Comparative
161:Cognitivism
152:Behaviorism
7447:Categories
7235:Population
7230:Lamarckism
7076:behavioral
7054:Behavioral
7002:Narcissism
6947:Aggression
6737:Hypophobia
6727:Depression
6614:Attachment
6596:Universals
6560:Psychology
6538:Biological
6526:Musicology
6516:Aesthetics
6415:Basophobia
6222:Exaptation
6200:Reciprocal
6007:Humanities
5941:historical
5874:psychology
5846:Management
5688:demography
5646:Psychology
5629:philosophy
5590:public law
5521:integrated
5348:Wikisource
5193:Paul Ekman
5028:Kurt Lewin
4922:Competence
4846:Interviews
4826:Case study
4703:Humanistic
4683:Ergonomics
4668:Counseling
4643:Assessment
4625:psychology
4574:Perception
4534:Ecological
4450:psychology
4428:Philosophy
4412:Psychology
4333:Neurotoxin
4034:Psychiatry
3696:Audio help
3687:2006-12-18
2477:(5): 562.
2337:2014-05-04
2215:Rosenzweig
2213:, Watson,
2199:References
1953:Egas Moniz
1901:alcoholism
1897:Drug abuse
1640:phrenology
1519:antagonist
1444:signaling
1410:neurotoxin
1214:psychology
1191:pneumatics
865:David Bohm
820:Perception
502:Competence
367:Humanistic
347:Ergonomics
332:Counseling
307:Assessment
243:Perception
203:Ecological
81:Psychology
7080:cognitive
7072:Affective
6957:Cognition
6911:Sexuality
6897:Pair bond
6657:Education
6314:Cognition
6232:Inclusive
6172:processes
6160:Criticism
5885:Planning
5864:economics
5781:Education
5678:Sociology
5656:cognitive
5607:semiotics
5558:political
5516:technical
5501:Geography
5474:Economics
5368:Wikibooks
5358:Wikiquote
5228:Ed Diener
5013:Carl Jung
4917:Cognition
4748:Political
4658:Community
4488:Cognitive
4278:Neurochip
4044:Cognitive
3969:Neurology
3431:1546-1726
3387:1548-7105
3330:1742-5689
3273:0896-6273
3234:253371320
3187:1546-1726
3130:2211-1247
2384:222054067
2211:Breedlove
1824:Reasoning
1702:chemical.
1619:abnormal.
1442:G protein
1416:Temporary
1273:Aristotle
980:(patient)
780:Attention
497:Cognition
412:Political
322:Community
157:Cognitive
109:Subfields
7349:Memetics
7109:Ethology
7067:genetics
6902:Physical
6867:Jealousy
6822:Activity
6628:maternal
6584:Religion
6572:Morality
6550:Language
6431:taxonomy
6244:Mismatch
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6185:Altruism
6026:Category
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5533:cultural
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4937:Emotions
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4890:Concepts
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4753:Positive
4743:Pastoral
4728:Military
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4688:Feminist
4673:Critical
4663:Consumer
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4648:Clinical
4623:Applied
4519:Cultural
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4357:Category
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4187:Neurolaw
3919:Clinical
3698: ·
3633:23766473
3625:11301237
3583:22847556
3538:26165820
3481:36993589
3472:10055085
3439:38778146
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3348:25142523
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3203:52807326
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2953:14742421
2912:13373078
2869:11447982
2820:17187595
2777:20303157
2728:15096826
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2685:22157861
2601:18677566
2535:17410168
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2456:24853931
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1195:reflexes
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517:Emotions
477:Behavior
471:Concepts
432:Religion
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392:Military
357:Forensic
352:Feminist
337:Critical
327:Consumer
317:Coaching
312:Clinical
188:Cultural
129:Abnormal
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7022:Suicide
6857:Fantasy
6837:Arousal
6619:Bonding
6508:Culture
6332:Display
6319:Emotion
6227:Fitness
6116:History
6038:Commons
5869:history
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5528:History
5440:Primary
5426:History
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4788:Systems
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4423:History
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3656:minutes
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3339:4233753
3282:7864892
3139:8498918
3046:2071938
3004:4320849
2996:9671304
2976:Bibcode
2904:8474261
2861:9354320
2812:8532849
2768:4160532
2676:3238068
2636:1673846
2592:2588488
2543:4415339
2515:Bibcode
2447:4109642
2376:2035930
2259:(1): 5.
2221:, 6/e,
2107:Biology
1891:Anxiety
1808:Emotion
1456:, like
1454:ligands
1446:in vivo
1376:Lesions
1283:versus
1265:dualism
1233:anatomy
1177:History
1167:genetic
1159:biology
835:Thought
775:Arousal
584:Outline
457:Traffic
452:Systems
387:Medical
218:Gestalt
104:History
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7402:
6992:Memory
6952:Autism
6919:female
6852:Desire
6589:Origin
6565:Speech
6555:Origin
6327:Affect
5729:public
5671:social
5563:social
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5325:Topics
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2021:(2000)
2015:(2000)
2009:(1981)
2003:(1981)
1997:(1981)
1991:(1973)
1985:(1973)
1979:(1973)
1973:(1967)
1967:(1967)
1961:(1961)
1955:(1949)
1949:(1949)
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1937:(1932)
1908:Awards
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1794:memory
1675:genome
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1261:monism
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848:People
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696:Topics
614:Topics
437:School
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268:Social
171:Social
65:, and
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6962:Crime
6545:Crime
6476:Sleep
6466:skill
6306:Areas
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5431:Index
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3780:Basic
3629:S2CID
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1799:Sleep
1269:Plato
1199:Paris
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560:Lists
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