113:
126:
1912:
1906:
669:) in 1976, but this material remained unknown outside Japan until they were described in 1987. They were first assumed to be early Miocene in age, but a new analysis of the site in the mid-1980s revised their age to the Oligocene; making them the oldest found on the Japanese island, ancestral to all other desmostylians. They were later included into the genus
104:
580:
concluded that
Desmostylidae and Paleoparadoxiidae probably diverged earlier than previously believed. Cockburn and Beatty also noted that, in their specimen, all teeth have erupted but the epiphyses of the bones are unfused and that it probably was an subadult; from which they concluded that the
570:, British Columbia in 2007: the left side of an entire skull with several teeth, a partial scapula, an almost complete humerus, and several ribs and vertebrae. The cranial features of this specimen were similar to those of
785:
Beatty, Brian Lee; Cockburn, Thomas C. (2015). "New insights on the most primitive desmostylian from a partial skeleton of
Behemotops (Desmostylia, Mammalia) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia".
992:
Hayashi, Shoji; Houssaye, Alexandra; Nakajima, Yasuhisa; Kentaro, Chiba; Ando, Tatsuro; Sawamura, Hiroshi; Inuzuka, Norihisa; Kaneko, Naotomo; Osaki, Tomohiro (2013).
1972:
1190:
2036:
2041:
1959:
446:
discovered a poorly preserved half right mandible — USNM 244033 — matching the first specimen. This mandible became the holotype of
2056:
730:
Inuzuka, N. (1996). Body size and mass estimates of desmostylians(Mammalia). The
Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 102(9), 816–819.
2051:
357:, which exhibited odd "bound-pillar" shaped molars which may have evolved in response to the grit from a diet of sea-grass. Discovery of
379:, measuring 323 cm (10.60 ft) in length, 120 cm (3.9 ft) in height and 1,979 kilograms (4,363 lb) in body mass.
2046:
2031:
1151:
1183:
1089:"An early late Oligocene age indicated by diatoms for a primitive desmostylian mammal Behemotops from eastern Hokkaido, Japan"
878:
860:
1841:
1176:
913:
414:
125:
956:
486:
1911:
2061:
1606:
1053:
Inuzuka, Norihisa (2000). "Primitive Late
Oligocene desmostylians from Japan and phylogeny of the Desmostylia".
407:, in 2014. The first specimen, USNM 186889, a massive tusk in fragments of a mandible — was found in
1870:
688:
112:
641:
610:
492:
2026:
1927:
523:
408:
1998:
884:
866:
694:
1562:
1527:
1723:
1100:
1005:
794:
383:
had an estimated body length of 290 cm (110 in), making it the smaller of the two species.
994:"Bone Inner Structure Suggests Increasing Aquatic Adaptations in Desmostylia (Mammalia, Afrotheria)"
1497:
1137:
1088:
1067:
1068:"A new specimen of Behemotops proteus (Order Desmostylia) from the marine Oligocene of Washington"
559:. Teeth of a young adult — LACM 124106 – was found in the same rock unit in 1986.
1905:
1781:
1754:
1439:
1366:
1250:
1199:
952:
810:
120:
1541:
2003:
1483:
1356:
1326:
1985:
1977:
1652:
1569:
1147:
1118:
1041:
1023:
973:
965:
482:
1990:
1141:
1765:
1108:
1031:
1013:
932:
802:
567:
403:
1801:
1792:
1474:
293:
1104:
1009:
798:
1774:
1716:
1668:
1036:
993:
443:
301:
2020:
1686:
1548:
1518:
814:
340:
289:
193:
61:
1815:
1741:
1675:
1599:
1534:
1386:
1316:
1277:
936:
221:
1018:
806:
593:, and that delayed dentition can not be the most primitive state of Desmostylia.
481:
In 1976, Emlong discovered a juvenile mandible — USNM 244035 — on
1830:
1709:
1702:
1642:
1629:
1580:
1504:
1490:
1430:
1406:
1336:
1229:
572:
362:
353:
328:
316:
286:
180:
36:
1950:
1808:
1613:
1589:
1460:
1416:
1396:
1376:
1346:
1267:
1235:
1122:
590:
81:
46:
1027:
977:
656:
643:
625:
612:
538:
525:
507:
494:
429:
416:
1555:
1453:
1446:
958:
Two new
Oligocene desmostylians and a discussion of Tethytherian systematics
366:
348:
344:
137:
86:
1045:
964:. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Vol. 59. pp. 1–56.
1944:
1847:
1217:
731:
604:
336:
310:
297:
282:
157:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1113:
285:, by Linnaeus and others believed to be a hippo) is an extinct genus of
1964:
1880:
1859:
1661:
1287:
103:
91:
66:
1876:
1223:
1211:
1168:
167:
147:
1921:
319:, believed to be close to the ancestry of all other desmostylians.
1299:
369:, although relationships of this group are still poorly resolved.
305:
1066:
Ray, Clayton E.; Domning, Daryl P.; McKenna, Malcolm C. (1994).
969:
918:(Desmostylia, Mammalia) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia"
880:
Morawan (Upper tuffaceous
Siltstone Member) (Oligocene of Japan)
1925:
1172:
1087:
Saito, Tsunemasa; Barron, John A; Sakamoto, Masamichi (1988).
742:
442:) in 1969. In 1977, at the same location, fossil collector
466:
in 1994, before being removed from the genus altogether.
397:, also described in 1986, was placed in the synonymy of
1072:
Proceedings of the San Diego
Society of Natural History
603:
Skeletons of several individuals were found on western
361:
helped place desmostylians as more closely related to
1738:
1639:
1595:
1515:
1471:
1427:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1283:
1273:
1263:
255:
229:
1934:
1858:
1829:
1791:
1764:
1737:
1685:
1651:
1638:
1627:
1579:
1514:
1470:
1426:
1297:
1248:
896:
844:
827:
772:
706:
552:
455:
239:
213:
840:
838:
836:
401:in 1994, but was later placed in its own genus,
768:
766:
757:
577:
1184:
8:
862:LACMVP 5412 (Oligocene of the United States)
1922:
1746:
1648:
1635:
1305:
1256:
1245:
1191:
1177:
1169:
753:
751:
111:
102:
20:
1143:Neptune's Ark: From Ichthyosaurs to Orcas
1112:
1055:Bulletin of Ashoro Museum of Paleontology
1035:
1017:
951:Domning, Daryl P.; Ray, Clayton Edward;
912:Cockburn, Thomas; Beatty, Brian (2009).
1095:. B: Physical and Biological Sciences.
718:
681:
462:was later eventually made a synonym of
339:tooth and jaw features. It had cusped
265:
1070:. In Berta, A.; Deméré, T. A. (eds.).
732:https://doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.102.816
308:—23 Mya), existing for approximately
7:
581:adult dentition was not delayed in
2037:Oligocene mammals of North America
1146:. University of California Press.
925:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
787:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
315:. It is the most primitive known
14:
897:Saito, Barron & Sakamoto 1988
673:proposed by Domning et al. 1986.
2042:Rupelian genus first appearances
1910:
1904:
1093:Proceedings of the Japan Academy
124:
1074:. Vol. 29. pp. 205–22
845:Ray, Domning & McKenna 1994
828:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
773:Ray, Domning & McKenna 1994
707:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
553:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
456:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
327:In comparison with later known
240:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
214:Domning, Ray & McKenna 1986
16:Exctinct genus of marine mammal
937:10.1080/02724634.2009.10411818
1:
2057:Fossil taxa described in 1986
343:that more resembled those of
2052:Prehistoric placental genera
1019:10.1371/journal.pone.0059146
807:10.1080/02724634.2015.979939
281:(from the Biblical monster
2078:
2047:Chattian genus extinctions
931:(3, Supplement): 1A–211A.
758:Cockburn & Beatty 2009
578:Cockburn & Beatty 2009
562:More complete material of
487:Clallam County, Washington
2032:Oligocene mammals of Asia
1901:
1749:
1308:
1259:
1244:
1206:
252:
247:
227:
220:
121:Scientific classification
119:
110:
101:
23:
914:"A Partial Skeleton of
745:, Materials and Methods
697:. Retrieved June 2013.
887:. Retrieved June 2013.
869:. Retrieved June 2013.
430:44.49722°N 124.08333°W
409:Lincoln County, Oregon
1999:Paleobiology Database
885:Paleobiology Database
867:Paleobiology Database
695:Paleobiology Database
555:made the holotype of
292:. It lived from the
1138:Wallace, David Rains
470:History of discovery
454:) when described by
435:44.49722; -124.08333
351:than those of later
1114:10.2183/pjab.64.269
1105:1988PJAB...64..269S
1010:2013PLoSO...859146H
953:McKenna, Malcolm C.
799:2015JVPal..35E9939B
743:Hayashi et al. 2013
653: /
638:: paleocoordinates
622: /
535: /
520:, paleocoordinates
504: /
450:(then described as
426: /
387:Formerly placed in
1251:Paenungulatomorpha
1200:Paenungulatomorpha
395:Behemotops emlongi
234:Behemotops proteus
2014:
2013:
1986:Open Tree of Life
1928:Taxon identifiers
1919:
1918:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1825:
1824:
1733:
1732:
1653:Paleoparadoxiidae
1623:
1622:
1563:Postschizotherium
1528:Hengduanshanhyrax
607:Island in Japan (
483:Olympic Peninsula
274:
273:
268:
242:
216:
2069:
2062:Fossils of Japan
2007:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1923:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1766:Arsinoitheriidae
1747:
1740:
1724:Ounalashkastylus
1649:
1641:
1636:
1597:
1517:
1473:
1429:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1257:
1246:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1116:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1062:
1049:
1039:
1021:
988:
986:
984:
963:
947:
945:
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922:
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888:
876:
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842:
831:
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819:
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755:
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649:
646:
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633:
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627:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
568:Vancouver Island
550:
549:
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536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
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518:
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501:
500:
497:
441:
440:
438:
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431:
427:
424:
423:
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419:
375:was larger than
314:
264:
257:
238:
231:
212:
205:
192:
179:
129:
128:
115:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1903:
1887:
1854:
1821:
1802:Crivadiatherium
1793:Palaeoamasiidae
1787:
1760:
1729:
1681:
1632:
1619:
1575:
1510:
1475:Titanohyracidae
1466:
1422:
1302:
1293:
1253:
1240:
1202:
1197:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1065:
1052:
991:
982:
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961:
950:
941:
939:
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902:
895:
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873:
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834:
826:
822:
784:
783:
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771:
764:
756:
749:
741:
737:
729:
725:
721:, pp. 66–7
717:
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479:
472:
434:
432:
428:
425:
420:
417:
415:
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412:
392:
325:
309:
294:Early Oligocene
263:
243:
237:
211:
203:
190:
177:
123:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
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31:
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27:
17:
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11:
5:
2075:
2073:
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2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1956:
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1932:
1931:
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1917:
1916:
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1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
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1785:
1778:
1775:Arsinoitherium
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1717:Kronokotherium
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1669:Paleoparadoxia
1665:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1633:
1628:
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1134:
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1050:
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948:
908:
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871:
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820:
793:(5): e979939.
777:
762:
747:
735:
723:
711:
699:
680:
678:
675:
657:44.6°N 141.4°E
626:43.3°N 143.8°E
600:
595:
539:47.8°N 115.0°W
508:48.2°N 123.9°W
478:
473:
471:
468:
444:Douglas Emlong
391:
385:
347:or other land
324:
321:
302:Late Oligocene
300:) through the
272:
271:
270:
269:
250:
249:
248:Other species
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244:
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201:
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9:
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4:
3:
2:
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2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Desmostylians
2025:
2024:
2022:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
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1941:
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1769:
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1763:
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1748:
1745:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1687:Desmostylidae
1684:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
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1644:
1637:
1634:
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1626:
1616:
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1611:
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1608:
1604:
1602:
1601:
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1591:
1587:
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1584:
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1578:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1549:Parapliohyrax
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1519:Pliohyracidae
1513:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:Rupestrohyrax
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1462:
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1411:
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1389:
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1371:
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1361:
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1321:
1319:
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1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
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1280:
1279:
1272:
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1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1155:
1153:9780520243224
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:(9): 269–73.
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:(4): e59146.
1003:
999:
995:
990:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
959:
954:
949:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
917:
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904:
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893:
890:
886:
882:
881:
875:
872:
868:
864:
863:
857:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
837:
833:
829:
824:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
781:
778:
775:, p. 205
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
736:
733:
727:
724:
720:
715:
712:
708:
703:
700:
696:
692:
691:
685:
682:
676:
674:
672:
666:
635:
606:
599:
596:
594:
592:
588:
584:
579:
576:, from which
575:
574:
569:
566:was found on
565:
560:
558:
554:
548:
517:
488:
484:
477:
474:
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:Seuku emlongi
445:
439:
410:
406:
405:
400:
396:
390:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
363:proboscideans
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:desmostylians
322:
320:
318:
313:million years
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:marine mammal
288:
284:
280:
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267:
262:
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254:
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246:
241:
236:
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226:
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199:
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194:Desmostylidae
189:
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176:
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100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1935:
1816:Palaeoamasia
1814:
1807:
1800:
1780:
1773:
1753:
1742:Embrithopoda
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1676:Neoparadoxia
1674:
1667:
1660:
1612:
1605:
1600:Gigantohyrax
1598:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1535:Kvabebihyrax
1533:
1526:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1387:Saghatherium
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1317:Dimaitherium
1315:
1286:
1278:Hadrogeneios
1276:
1266:
1234:Superorder:
1228:Infraclass:
1157:. Retrieved
1142:
1126:. Retrieved
1096:
1092:
1076:. Retrieved
1071:
1058:
1054:
1001:
997:
981:. Retrieved
957:
940:. Retrieved
928:
924:
915:
892:
879:
874:
861:
856:
848:
830:, p. 23
823:
790:
786:
780:
738:
726:
719:Wallace 2007
714:
702:
689:
684:
670:
602:
597:
586:
582:
571:
563:
561:
556:
544:47.8; -115.0
513:48.2; -123.9
480:
475:
463:
459:
451:
447:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
380:
376:
372:
371:
358:
352:
332:
326:
317:desmostylian
277:
276:
275:
266:Inuzuka 2000
259:
258:
233:
232:
222:Type species
207:
206:
24:
18:
1842:Proboscidea
1831:Proboscidea
1782:Namatherium
1755:Stylolophus
1710:Desmostylus
1703:Cornwallius
1643:Desmostylia
1630:Tethytheria
1607:Heterohyrax
1590:Dendrohyrax
1581:Procaviidae
1505:Titanohyrax
1491:Antilohyrax
1440:Brachyhyrax
1431:Geniohyidae
1407:Selenohyrax
1367:Regubahyrax
1337:Megalohyrax
1230:Placentalia
847:, Japanese
709:, p. 6
662:44.6; 141.4
660: /
631:43.3; 143.8
629: /
598:B. katsuiei
587:Desmostylus
573:Cornwallius
542: /
511: /
433: /
421:124°05′00″W
381:B. katsuiei
377:Desmostylus
354:Desmostylus
337:elephantine
323:Description
287:herbivorous
260:B. katsuiei
181:Desmostylia
2021:Categories
1936:Behemotops
1809:Hypsamasia
1696:Behemotops
1542:Meroehyrax
1461:Pachyhyrax
1417:Thyrohyrax
1397:Seggeurius
1377:Rukwalorax
1347:Microhyrax
1300:Hyracoidea
1268:Abdounodus
1236:Afrotheria
1123:4639400119
916:Behemotops
905:References
849:Behemotops
760:, Abstract
690:Behemotops
671:Behemotops
591:Afrotheria
589:and other
583:Behemotops
564:B. proteus
557:B. proteus
476:B. proteus
464:B. proteus
460:B. emlongi
452:B. emlongi
418:44°29′50″N
399:B. proteus
389:Behemotops
373:B. proteus
359:Behemotops
333:Behemotops
278:Behemotops
208:Behemotops
25:Behemotops
1875:includes
1848:elephants
1846:includes
1556:Pliohyrax
1484:Afrohyrax
1454:Geniohyus
1447:Bunohyrax
1357:Namahyrax
1327:Helioseus
1210:Kingdom:
1159:March 24,
1128:March 24,
1078:March 24,
1061:: 91–123.
1028:837402105
983:March 24,
978:489725338
942:March 24,
815:129905948
585:, unlike
367:sirenians
349:ungulates
345:mastodons
335:had more
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
32:Oligocene
1951:Q4880763
1945:Wikidata
1881:manatees
1614:Procavia
1570:Prohyrax
1224:Mammalia
1218:Chordata
1216:Phylum:
1212:Animalia
1140:(2007).
1046:23565143
998:PLOS ONE
970:85600322
955:(1986).
851:, p. 217
648:141°24′E
617:143°48′E
605:Hokkaido
551:) which
530:115°00′W
499:123°54′W
298:Rupelian
283:Behemoth
187:Family:
168:Mammalia
158:Chordata
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
1991:3616990
1978:1117983
1965:4831532
1877:dugongs
1871:Sirenia
1860:Sirenia
1662:Ashoroa
1288:Ocepeia
1222:Class:
1101:Bibcode
1037:3615000
1006:Bibcode
883:in the
865:in the
795:Bibcode
693:in the
645:44°36′N
614:43°18′N
527:47°48′N
496:48°12′N
200:Genus:
174:Order:
164:Class:
1150:
1121:
1044:
1034:
1026:
976:
968:
813:
341:molars
304:(33.9
2004:36956
1973:IRMNG
962:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
811:S2CID
677:Notes
404:Seuku
365:than
1960:GBIF
1879:and
1869:see
1840:see
1161:2018
1148:ISBN
1130:2018
1119:OCLC
1080:2018
1042:PMID
1024:OCLC
985:2018
974:OCLC
966:LCCN
944:2018
311:10.9
37:PreꞒ
1109:doi
1032:PMC
1014:doi
933:doi
803:doi
485:,
458:.
306:mya
2023::
2001::
1988::
1975::
1962::
1947::
1117:.
1107:.
1097:64
1091:.
1057:.
1040:.
1030:.
1022:.
1012:.
1000:.
996:.
972:.
929:29
927:.
923:.
835:^
809:.
801:.
791:35
789:.
765:^
750:^
331:,
228:*
87:Pg
1739:†
1645:?
1640:†
1596:†
1516:†
1472:†
1428:†
1413:†
1403:†
1393:†
1383:†
1373:†
1363:†
1353:†
1343:†
1333:†
1323:†
1313:†
1284:†
1274:†
1264:†
1192:e
1185:t
1178:v
1163:.
1132:.
1111::
1103::
1082:.
1059:1
1048:.
1016::
1008::
1002:8
987:.
946:.
935::
817:.
805::
797::
489:(
411:(
296:(
256:†
230:†
204:†
191:†
178:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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