618:
575:
633:
563:
645:
303:
669:
149:
218:
602:
657:
293:
587:
140:
315:
36:
330:
361:
Bell & Howell introduced products that improved the quality of projected images in a movie theater. The
Kinodrome 35-mm projector mechanism, introduced in 1907, steadied projected images and reduced the flicker that can occur during motion-picture projection. The 35-mm perforator, introduced in
350:
According to its charter, the Bell & Howell
Company was incorporated on February 17, 1907. It was recorded in the Cook County Record Book eight days later. The first meeting of stockholders took place in the office of Attorney W. G. Strong on February 19 at 10 a.m. (10:00 CT). The first board of
500:
In 2010 consumer electronics manufacturer Elite Brands licensed the Bell + Howell brand name to use on optical and imaging products including digital cameras and camcorders, binoculars, telescopes, lenses, and various camera accessories. BHH, LLC has also expanded licensing of the Bell + Howell
525:
Bell & Howell marketed a specially designed Apple II Plus computer to the educational market beginning in July 1979. The modified Apple had additional security elements for classroom use such as a tamper-proof cover. The case color was black but the inside was a standard Apple II Plus. The
496:
The company merged with the North
American arm of Böwe Systec Inc. In 2003, Böwe Systec later acquired the entire company. It was known as Böwe Bell & Howell until 2011, when Versa Capital Management bought the company out of bankruptcy and renamed the company "Bell and Howell, LLC".
466:
to develop a new amateur videotape recorder, which would have made use of a 6.25 millimetres (0.246 in) tape on which 28 of parallel tracks were to be recorded with the aid of a fixed head. The machine was expected to be ready by
Christmas 1979, but did not reach the market.
421:
In 1934, Bell & Howell introduced their first amateur 8mm movie projector, in 1935 the Filmo
Straight Eight camera, and in 1936 the Double-Run Filmo 8. The 1938 Kodak cassette holding 25 feet (7.6 m) of Double-Eight film was taken by the Filmo Auto-8 in 1940.
668:
507:
In 2017 the company spun off the mail sorting business, including vote by mail, to
Fluence Automation, which was then acquired by BlueCrest Inc. in 2021. BlueCrest had acquired the Pitney-Bowes document messaging business in 2018.
333:
337:
336:
332:
331:
436:
between 1961 and 1976 offered still cameras. Many of their 35mm SLR cameras were manufactured by Canon with the Bell & Howell logo or Bell & Howell/Canon in place of the Canon branding. The firm dropped the production of
617:
338:
335:
538:
Bell & Howell founded an
Education Group within the company in 1907. This Education Group created Bell & Howell Schools in 1966. In that same year, the Education Group purchased a controlling share of
601:
362:
1910, set the standard throughout the industry as to the expected distance and width of the sprocket holes running on each side of the 35-mm film; before this there had been no agreed upon standard
574:
444:
Bell & Howell was a supplier of media equipment for schools and offices. The film laboratory line is now a separate company, BHP Inc, which is a division of
Research Technology International.
351:
directors was chosen for a term of one year: Donald Joseph Bell (1869–1934), chairman; Albert
Summers Howell (1879–1951), secretary; and Marguerite V. Bell (wife of Donald Bell), vice chairman.
354:
The firm made products for the motion picture industry. The Bell & Howell 2709 was the first all metal, commercially available motion picture camera. The 2709 was so expensive that only
2669:
2639:
511:
In
December 2018, Versa Capital Management, LLC ("Versa") announced the successful closing of the sale of Bell and Howell to Boston-based WestView Capital Partners ("WestView").
2634:
2644:
2028:
1439:
2649:
644:
1557:
632:
334:
547:
in Columbus, Ohio. Over the years, the Education Group has bought and sold large interests in a variety of educational organizations and institutions, including
455:
and other devices for applications in areas such as North Sea oil platforms, the chemical industry, and the Ariane Space vehicles. This division was divested to
1487:
2674:
2679:
1211:
1011:
562:
1412:
586:
2664:
1756:
1373:
1632:
493:. In September 2001, the remaining industrial businesses along with the Bell & Howell name were sold to private equity firm Glencoe Capital.
1432:
932:
282:. The company was acquired by Böwe Systec in 2003. Since 2010, the brand name has been licensed for a variety consumer electronics products.
1550:
1462:
656:
2659:
1704:
471:
365:
Bell & Howell developed a continuous film printing process in 1911, that was gradually accepted across the film printing industry.
1482:
501:
brand name for a range of products including lighting and security, personal care, tools, pest control, auto accessories and luggage.
368:
Historically, Bell & Howell Co. was an important supplier of many different media technologies, and it produced products such as:
1186:
1425:
892:
874:
805:
Ehrenberg, John; Roberts, Laurence (1983). "Seventy-five years of motion-picture standards: Contributions of Bell & Howell Co".
119:
53:
2249:
1802:
1543:
675:
477:
In the 2000s, Bell & Howell decided to focus on their information technology businesses. The imaging business was sold to
100:
2114:
57:
72:
2275:
1467:
540:
1406:
1095:
544:
302:
79:
2454:
2015:
490:
1082:
2530:
1980:
1843:
1642:
86:
1448:
456:
292:
543:. Two years later in 1968, Bell & Howell's Education Group, via a controlling interest in DeVry, acquired
2548:
2488:
1700:
1472:
68:
46:
1396:
2654:
2315:
2032:
1566:
1477:
230:
148:
1236:
1914:
1366:
1119:
426:
2208:
2076:
1968:
683:
447:
In 1960, Bell & Howell merged with an Electronics and Instrumentation company CEC, Lennox Road,
414:
832:
Roberts, Laurence. "Cameras and systems: A history of contributions from the Bell & Howell Co".
2006:
1793:
1786:
1770:
884:
217:
2468:
2147:
1847:
279:
2570:
1062:
2576:
2538:
2524:
2496:
2086:
2046:
1956:
1825:
1752:
1692:
1609:
1273:
1036:
969:
888:
878:
712:
701:
1341:
Page six of the Ohio Institute of Technology Student hand book from the school year 1974-1975
957:
93:
2460:
2450:
2386:
2303:
2227:
2200:
2102:
2036:
1986:
1944:
1893:
1870:
1858:
1817:
1807:
1628:
1614:
1524:
1409:
Bell & Howell 414PD Director Series - Overview and User's Manual. (Wayback Machine copy)
1261:
841:
814:
696:
139:
2612:
2516:
2474:
2440:
2416:
2410:
2140:
1961:
1898:
1734:
1682:
1666:
1658:
1584:
1400:
781:
706:
489:
Company, which was then a publicly traded company, but is now a subsidiary of the private
452:
433:
399:
355:
1168:
1354:
742:
Aldred, John (October 2007). "Donald J. Bell 1869-1934 and Albert S. Howell 1879-1951".
2604:
2542:
2520:
2492:
2436:
2380:
2376:
2281:
2190:
2153:
2080:
2002:
1905:
1821:
1813:
1766:
1744:
1678:
1674:
1602:
1596:
275:
180:
908:
2628:
2552:
2506:
2430:
2422:
2404:
2392:
2359:
2349:
2337:
2265:
2245:
2233:
2215:
2173:
2098:
2056:
2052:
1909:
1885:
1865:
1839:
1831:
1797:
1762:
1708:
1654:
1650:
1618:
608:
520:
478:
263:
2594:
2590:
2556:
2534:
2478:
2426:
2398:
2355:
2331:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2287:
2196:
2163:
2157:
2134:
2130:
2108:
2070:
2040:
2022:
1998:
1976:
1952:
1889:
1879:
1852:
1835:
1720:
1712:
1696:
1686:
1670:
1636:
1624:
1580:
717:
482:
438:
390:
504:
In 2011 a digital video recorder was released featuring the Bell + Howell brand.
425:
The firm added microfilm products in 1946. In 1954, Bell & Howell purchased
2584:
2562:
2512:
2464:
2444:
2325:
2255:
2221:
2167:
2066:
2062:
1994:
1875:
1740:
1716:
1646:
1590:
1508:
909:"American Fixed and Free-Mounted Gunsights used by the RAF - Axis History Forum"
527:
448:
314:
278:
machinery. It was originally founded as a company in 1907, and headquartered in
35:
993:
526:
modified Apple II became known colloquially among computer enthusiasts as the "
17:
2608:
2598:
2580:
2482:
2343:
2259:
2204:
2124:
2118:
1990:
1932:
1776:
1662:
1291:
319:
1277:
973:
2566:
2502:
2291:
2239:
307:
1417:
432:
Although known for manufacturing their film projectors, a partnership with
1317:
2092:
1948:
1937:
1782:
1730:
1535:
548:
486:
372:
358:
and three other people owned one, while the rest were owned by studios.
1724:
1374:"Versa Capital Management Completes Successful Sale of Bell and Howell"
679:
203:
1359:
411:
Stereo cameras and stereo slide projectors through its TDC subsidiary
267:
172:
845:
818:
2271:
380:
376:
328:
313:
301:
162:
1144:
463:
271:
176:
1539:
1421:
551:
which supplied electronics kits for Bell & Howell courses.
1748:
1187:"Bell and Howell Sells Sorting Business to Fluence Automation"
709:
In 1977, TeleMation inc. became a division of Bell and Howell.
29:
246:
1389:
861:
Home movies: A history of the American industry, 1897-1979
607:
Bell & Howell Zoomatic movie camera used to shoot the
27:
Services company and former manufacturer of film machinery
1292:"Apple II Plus - Bell & Howell Model – Introduction"
474:
in the 1980s. UMI produced a product called ProQuest.
1262:"Apple and Bell & Howell Enter Education Market"
1083:
Judge OKs $ 80M Versa Bid For Bowe Bell & Howell
462:
In 1977, Bell & Howell signed an agreement with
2369:
2183:
1925:
1573:
1517:
1496:
1455:
241:
225:
210:
187:
168:
158:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2029:Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
1363:. Dated November 13, 2000, viewed December 7, 2006
481:, and the international mail business was sold to
611:, in the collection of the U.S. National Archives
1665:, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith,
1376:(Press release). Businesswire. December 4, 2018.
1272:(11). InfoWorld Media Group: 77. July 18, 1979.
2670:Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
2640:Organizations awarded an Academy Honorary Award
994:"Company History : CEC Vibration Products"
933:"DeVry Movie Projector Production Flickers Out"
623:Bell & Howell 8mm home movie camera, model
761:Williams, David (2019). "Tools of the Trade".
485:. On June 6, 2001, Bell & Howell became a
1796:, and the Republic Studio Sound Department /
1551:
1488:Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
1433:
650:Bell & Howell Autoload 309 Super 8 Camera
408:Overhead presentation projectors (all models)
396:16mm silent and sound projectors (all models)
8:
1063:"Bell & Howell Becomes ProQuest Company"
1012:"Bell & Howell Plans New Video Recorder"
132:
1413:Bell & Howell at Made in Chicago Museum
2635:Photography companies of the United States
1558:
1544:
1536:
1440:
1426:
1418:
1216:Parcel and Postal Technology International
1212:"Fluence Automation acquired by BlueCrest"
782:"For Sale: Charlie Chaplin's Movie Camera"
291:
216:
147:
138:
131:
2645:Electronics companies established in 1907
958:"Senior Process Engineer (advertisement)"
662:Educational version of Apple II computer
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2650:Companies based in Cook County, Illinois
2209:Museum of Modern Art Department of Film
1096:"Elite Brands to License Bell + Howell"
863:. New Hampshire: Transition Publishing.
734:
558:
769:(12): 92–98 – via Art Full Text.
530:" Apple II for its black case design.
682:Drive (formerly 623 Rodier Drive) in
592:Bell & Howell 8mm amateur camera
375:and amateur film cameras such as the
7:
1463:American University of the Caribbean
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2675:Defunct computer hardware companies
2033:Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson
1397:European & International Sector
1237:"Pitney Bowes DMt is now BlueCrest"
472:University Microfilms International
393:cameras and projectors (all models)
2680:Defunct computer systems companies
1483:Ross University School of Medicine
1094:James, Grahame (August 11, 2010).
638:Bell & Howell 200 Movie Camera
580:8mm Movie Camera with Electric Eye
25:
1987:Bausch & Lomb Optical Company
1969:20th Century-Fox Film Corporation
1755:and his associates / Rey Scott /
1633:Museum of Modern Art Film Library
1169:"Bell and Howell T100HD-R Repair"
1120:"Bell + Howell Expands Offerings"
667:
655:
643:
631:
616:
600:
585:
573:
561:
402:(2" × 2"; 5 cm x 5 cm)
342:Operating the Bell & Howell
153:Original headquarters in Chicago
34:
2665:1907 establishments in Illinois
2250:National Endowment for the Arts
1757:British Ministry of Information
45:needs additional citations for
1747:, John N. A. Hawkins, and the
451:, UK. This facility produced
383:(1925), and Autoload EE (1956)
1:
2276:National Film Board of Canada
1468:Becker Professional Education
968:(1326): 64. October 7, 1982.
678:regional headquarters at 623
541:DeVry Institute of Technology
306:A Bell & Howell "Regent"
1266:Intelligent Machines Journal
1061:Paula J. Hane (2001-06-11).
880:Encyclopedia of Early Cinema
545:Ohio Institute of Technology
470:Bell & Howell purchased
2016:Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto
1298:. Pearl City Networks. 2010
674:Bell & Howell's former
491:Cambridge Information Group
386:Military Gun sight TYPE N-8
2696:
2660:Movie camera manufacturers
1705:Motion Picture Relief Fund
1065:. Newsbreaks.infotoday.com
568:Specimen stock certificate
518:
1973:Bell & Howell Company
1749:RCA Manufacturing Company
1149:E. Mishan & Sons, Inc
441:by the end of the 1970s.
405:35mm filmstrip projectors
146:
137:
1449:Adtalem Global Education
1100:Digital Imaging Reporter
763:American Cinematographer
457:Transamerica Corporation
1701:William Cameron Menzies
1369:viewed December 7, 2006
859:Kattelle, Alan (2000).
193:; 117 years ago
2316:Michelangelo Antonioni
1840:William Nicholas Selig
1567:Academy Honorary Award
1478:Chamberlain University
347:
326:
322:silent film projector
311:
231:Durham, North Carolina
214:Albert S. Howell
191:February 17, 1907
2272:Eastman Kodak Company
1915:The Walls of Malapaga
1355:"Unlocking the Vault"
1318:"6-The Apple II Plus"
913:forum.axishistory.com
676:western United States
341:
317:
305:
2489:Jean-Claude Carrière
2079:/ Fred L. Metzler /
2077:William L. Hendricks
1955:/ George Mitchell /
1241:www.bluecrestinc.com
1043:: 298. 4 August 1977
1037:"Technology section"
885:Taylor & Francis
684:Glendale, California
594:Filmo Straight Eight
453:pressure transducers
415:Slide Cube Projector
54:improve this article
2146:Charles S. Boren /
1803:The House I Live In
1794:Daniel J. Bloomberg
1771:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
1407:The Zapruder Camera
702:BH Film perforation
134:
69:"Bell & Howell"
2469:George Stevens Jr.
2148:Edward G. Robinson
1848:George Kirke Spoor
1685:and Allen Davey /
1681:, Walter Oberst /
1677:, Harry D. Mills,
1473:Carrington College
1145:"About Us — Emson"
1016:The New York Times
379:(end of 1923) and
348:
327:
318:Bell & Howell
312:
280:Wheeling, Illinois
2622:
2621:
2577:Samuel L. Jackson
2539:Donald Sutherland
2525:Frederick Wiseman
2087:William J. Tuttle
2047:Maurice Chevalier
1957:Joseph M. Schenck
1899:The Bicycle Thief
1826:Claude Jarman Jr.
1792:Republic Studio,
1753:Leopold Stokowski
1693:Douglas Fairbanks
1610:The March of Time
1533:
1532:
1504:Bell & Howell
1322:Apple2history.org
813:(10): 1058–1063.
713:Pocket comparator
429:' 16mm division.
339:
257:
256:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2687:
2461:D. A. Pennebaker
2451:James Earl Jones
2304:Federico Fellini
2228:Barbara Stanwyck
2201:Laurence Olivier
2103:Y. Frank Freeman
2037:Charles Brackett
1945:Merian C. Cooper
1894:Cecil B. DeMille
1871:Monsieur Vincent
1818:Laurence Olivier
1808:Peggy Ann Garner
1787:Margaret O'Brien
1629:W. Howard Greene
1615:W. Howard Greene
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1525:DeVry University
1442:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1393:
1392:
1390:Official website
1377:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1008:
1002:
1001:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
905:
899:
898:
871:
865:
864:
856:
850:
849:
829:
823:
822:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
780:James, Grahame.
777:
771:
770:
758:
752:
751:
744:Image Technology
739:
697:Charles H. Percy
671:
659:
647:
635:
620:
604:
589:
577:
565:
427:DeVry Industries
400:Slide projectors
340:
295:
253:
250:
248:
221:
220:
201:
199:
194:
151:
142:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:Carol Littleton
2571:Lina Wertmüller
2531:Charles Burnett
2517:Lynn Stalmaster
2475:Angela Lansbury
2441:Jean-Luc Godard
2417:Robert F. Boyle
2411:Ennio Morricone
2365:
2179:
2141:Charlie Chaplin
1993:/ Kemp Niver /
1962:Forbidden Games
1921:
1844:Albert E. Smith
1735:Nathan Levinson
1683:Oliver T. Marsh
1667:Farciot Edouart
1659:Gordon Jennings
1585:Charlie Chaplin
1569:
1564:
1534:
1529:
1513:
1492:
1451:
1446:
1401:Wayback Machine
1388:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1367:BHP Inc Website
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1191:Bell and Howell
1185:
1184:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1126:. April 6, 2018
1118:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1005:
992:
991:
987:
978:
976:
956:
955:
951:
942:
940:
937:Chicago Tribune
931:
930:
926:
917:
915:
907:
906:
902:
895:
887:. p. 240.
873:
872:
868:
858:
857:
853:
840:(10): 934–946.
831:
830:
826:
804:
803:
799:
790:
788:
779:
778:
774:
760:
759:
755:
741:
740:
736:
726:
707:TeleMation Inc.
693:
686:
672:
663:
660:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
621:
612:
605:
596:
590:
581:
578:
569:
566:
557:
536:
534:Education Group
523:
517:
356:Charlie Chaplin
329:
300:
299:
298:
288:
260:Bell and Howell
245:
237:
233:
215:
197:
195:
192:
154:
133:Bell and Howell
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Bell and Howell
15:
12:
11:
5:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2605:Angela Bassett
2602:
2588:
2574:
2560:
2546:
2528:
2521:Anne V. Coates
2510:
2500:
2497:Maureen O'Hara
2493:Hayao Miyazaki
2486:
2472:
2458:
2448:
2437:Kevin Brownlow
2434:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2381:Robert Redford
2377:Sidney Poitier
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2285:
2282:Akira Kurosawa
2279:
2269:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2194:
2191:Margaret Booth
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2154:Henri Langlois
2151:
2144:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2081:Jerome Robbins
2074:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2003:Vincent Winter
1984:
1966:
1942:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1906:Louis B. Mayer
1903:
1883:
1863:
1829:
1822:Ernst Lubitsch
1814:Harold Russell
1811:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1760:
1745:William Garity
1738:
1728:
1725:Technicolor SA
1690:
1679:Louis Mesenkop
1675:Loren L. Ryder
1643:J. Arthur Ball
1640:
1622:
1606:
1603:D. W. Griffith
1600:
1597:Shirley Temple
1594:
1588:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1394:
1383:
1382:External links
1380:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1344:
1343:
1334:
1309:
1283:
1253:
1228:
1203:
1178:
1160:
1136:
1124:License Global
1111:
1086:
1075:
1053:
1028:
1003:
985:
949:
924:
900:
893:
877:, ed. (2004).
866:
851:
846:10.5594/J00229
824:
819:10.5594/J04133
797:
772:
753:
733:
732:
725:
722:
721:
720:
715:
710:
704:
699:
692:
689:
688:
687:
673:
666:
664:
661:
654:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
622:
615:
613:
606:
599:
597:
591:
584:
582:
579:
572:
570:
567:
560:
556:
553:
535:
532:
519:Main article:
516:
513:
419:
418:
412:
409:
406:
403:
397:
394:
389:Regular-8 and
387:
384:
346:16mm projector
310:home projector
296:
290:
289:
287:
284:
276:motion picture
255:
254:
243:
239:
238:
235:
229:
227:
223:
222:
212:
208:
207:
189:
185:
184:
181:motion picture
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
152:
144:
143:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2692:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Movie cameras
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:Lalo Schifrin
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:Gena Rowlands
2504:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:Gordon Willis
2428:
2424:
2423:Lauren Bacall
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:Robert Altman
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:Blake Edwards
2391:
2388:
2387:Peter O'Toole
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2360:Ernest Lehman
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:Andrzej Wajda
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:Stanley Donen
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2266:Ralph Bellamy
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:James Stewart
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:Mickey Rooney
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:Alec Guinness
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2174:Mary Pickford
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:John Chambers
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2099:Yakima Canutt
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:Lee de Forest
2054:
2053:Buster Keaton
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:George Murphy
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:Jean Hersholt
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1866:Walter Wanger
1864:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:James Baskett
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1798:Walter Wanger
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:Charles Boyer
1761:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:Jean Hersholt
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:Mickey Rooney
1652:
1651:Deanna Durbin
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:Harold Rosson
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1335:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1042:
1041:New Scientist
1038:
1032:
1029:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
999:
998:www.cecvp.com
995:
989:
986:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:New Scientist
959:
953:
950:
939:. Nov 4, 1965
938:
934:
928:
925:
914:
910:
904:
901:
896:
894:9781134566754
890:
886:
882:
881:
876:
870:
867:
862:
855:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:SMPTE Journal
828:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:SMPTE Journal
801:
798:
787:
783:
776:
773:
768:
764:
757:
754:
749:
745:
738:
735:
731:
730:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
670:
665:
658:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
626:
619:
614:
610:
609:Zapruder film
603:
598:
595:
588:
583:
576:
571:
564:
559:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
533:
531:
529:
522:
521:Apple II Plus
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Eastman Kodak
475:
473:
468:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
445:
442:
440:
439:movie cameras
435:
430:
428:
423:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
363:
359:
357:
352:
345:
325:
321:
316:
309:
304:
294:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:United States
261:
252:
244:
240:
236:United States
232:
228:
224:
219:
213:
209:
205:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
150:
145:
141:
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2595:Diane Warren
2591:Euzhan Palcy
2557:Cicely Tyson
2535:Owen Roizman
2479:Steve Martin
2427:Roger Corman
2399:Sidney Lumet
2370:2001–present
2356:Jack Cardiff
2332:Michael Kidd
2322:Kirk Douglas
2310:Deborah Kerr
2298:Satyajit Ray
2288:Sophia Loren
2214:Hal Elias /
2197:Walter Lantz
2164:Howard Hawks
2158:Groucho Marx
2135:Orson Welles
2131:Lillian Gish
2109:Arthur Freed
2071:Hayley Mills
2041:B. B. Kahane
2023:Eddie Cantor
2014:
2008:Gate of Hell
2007:
1999:Jon Whiteley
1977:Joseph Breen
1972:
1960:
1953:Harold Lloyd
1936:
1913:
1897:
1890:Fred Astaire
1880:Adolph Zukor
1869:
1857:
1853:Bill and Coo
1851:
1836:Thomas Armat
1801:
1721:Conrad Nagel
1713:Ralph Morgan
1697:Judy Garland
1687:Harry Warner
1671:Loyal Griggs
1637:Mack Sennett
1625:Edgar Bergen
1608:
1581:Warner Bros.
1503:
1358:
1349:Bibliography
1348:
1347:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1324:. 2008-12-03
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:The Mac Geek
1295:
1286:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1243:. 2018-07-24
1240:
1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1218:. 2021-11-04
1215:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1193:. 2017-08-01
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1089:
1078:
1067:. Retrieved
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1040:
1031:
1020:. Retrieved
1018:. 1977-01-09
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
977:. Retrieved
965:
961:
952:
941:. Retrieved
936:
927:
916:. Retrieved
912:
903:
879:
875:Richard Abel
869:
860:
854:
837:
833:
827:
810:
806:
800:
789:. Retrieved
785:
775:
766:
762:
756:
747:
743:
737:
728:
727:
718:Gordon Bradt
680:Circle Seven
624:
593:
537:
524:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
483:Pitney Bowes
476:
469:
461:
446:
443:
431:
424:
420:
417:, circa 1970
391:Super-8 film
367:
364:
360:
353:
349:
343:
323:
259:
258:
226:Headquarters
159:Company type
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2585:Liv Ullmann
2563:David Lynch
2549:Marvin Levy
2543:Agnès Varda
2513:Jackie Chan
2465:Hal Needham
2445:Eli Wallach
2326:Chuck Jones
2256:Paul Newman
2222:Henry Fonda
2168:Jean Renoir
2067:Stan Laurel
2063:Gary Cooper
1995:Greta Garbo
1876:Sid Grauman
1767:Noël Coward
1741:Walt Disney
1717:Ralph Block
1647:Walt Disney
1591:Walt Disney
1509:EduPristine
786:Retro Thing
528:Darth Vader
449:Basingstoke
297:1970s logo
249:.bellhowell
110:August 2007
2629:Categories
2609:Mel Brooks
2599:Peter Weir
2581:Elaine May
2483:Piero Tosi
2455:Dick Smith
2344:Elia Kazan
2260:Alex North
2205:King Vidor
2125:Cary Grant
2119:Onna White
1991:Danny Kaye
1981:Pete Smith
1933:Gene Kelly
1777:George Pal
1663:Jan Domela
1328:2019-11-17
1247:2022-11-11
1222:2022-11-11
1197:2022-11-11
1154:2022-01-06
1130:2022-01-06
1105:2022-01-06
1069:2014-08-16
1047:2022-09-13
1022:2022-09-12
979:2017-03-16
943:2017-07-17
918:2022-08-28
791:2019-11-17
724:References
625:Two Twenty
206:, Illinois
198:1907-02-17
80:newspapers
2567:Wes Studi
2503:Spike Lee
2292:Myrna Loy
2240:Hal Roach
2184:1976–2000
1926:1951–1975
1859:Shoeshine
1574:1928–1950
1456:Divisions
1302:August 1,
1278:0199-6649
974:0262-4079
459:in 1983.
344:Filmo 129
324:Filmo 129
266:brand of
183:machinery
2093:Bob Hope
1949:Bob Hope
1938:Rashomon
1783:Bob Hope
1731:Bob Hope
750:(4): 16.
691:See also
549:Heathkit
515:Apple II
487:ProQuest
373:Newsreel
169:Industry
1497:Related
555:Gallery
286:History
268:cameras
242:Website
211:Founder
204:Chicago
196: (
188:Founded
173:Cameras
94:scholar
2615:(2023)
2601:(2022)
2587:(2021)
2573:(2019)
2559:(2018)
2545:(2017)
2527:(2016)
2509:(2015)
2499:(2014)
2485:(2013)
2471:(2012)
2457:(2011)
2447:(2010)
2433:(2009)
2419:(2007)
2413:(2006)
2407:(2005)
2401:(2004)
2395:(2003)
2389:(2002)
2383:(2001)
2362:(2000)
2352:(1999)
2346:(1998)
2340:(1997)
2334:(1996)
2328:(1995)
2318:(1994)
2312:(1993)
2306:(1992)
2300:(1991)
2294:(1990)
2284:(1989)
2278:(1988)
2268:(1986)
2262:(1985)
2252:(1984)
2242:(1983)
2236:(1982)
2230:(1981)
2224:(1980)
2218:(1979)
2211:(1978)
2193:(1977)
2176:(1975)
2170:(1974)
2160:(1973)
2150:(1972)
2143:(1971)
2137:(1970)
2127:(1969)
2121:(1968)
2111:(1967)
2105:(1966)
2095:(1965)
2089:(1964)
2083:(1961)
2073:(1960)
2059:(1959)
2049:(1958)
2043:(1957)
2025:(1956)
2019:(1955)
2011:(1954)
1983:(1953)
1965:(1952)
1941:(1951)
1918:(1950)
1902:(1949)
1882:(1948)
1862:(1947)
1846:, and
1828:(1946)
1810:(1945)
1789:(1944)
1779:(1943)
1773:(1942)
1759:(1941)
1737:(1940)
1727:(1939)
1689:(1938)
1639:(1937)
1621:(1936)
1605:(1935)
1599:(1934)
1593:(1932)
1587:(1928)
1518:Former
1360:Forbes
1276:
1173:iFixit
972:
891:
274:, and
272:lenses
179:, and
177:lenses
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1403:copy)
729:Notes
434:Canon
381:Eyemo
377:Filmo
262:is a
163:Brand
101:JSTOR
87:books
1723:) /
1653:and
1617:and
1304:2013
1274:ISSN
970:ISSN
889:ISBN
464:BASF
320:16mm
251:.net
73:news
1399:. (
842:doi
815:doi
767:100
308:8mm
247:www
202:in
56:by
2631::
2611:/
2607:/
2597:/
2593:/
2583:/
2579:/
2569:/
2565:/
2555:/
2551:/
2541:/
2537:/
2533:/
2523:/
2519:/
2515:/
2505:/
2495:/
2491:/
2481:/
2477:/
2467:/
2463:/
2453:/
2443:/
2439:/
2429:/
2425:/
2379:/
2358:/
2324:/
2290:/
2274:/
2258:/
2248:/
2207:/
2203:/
2199:/
2166:/
2156:/
2133:/
2117:/
2101:/
2069:/
2065:/
2055:/
2039:/
2035:/
2031:/
2005:/
2001:/
1997:/
1989:/
1979:/
1975:/
1971:/
1959:/
1951:/
1947:/
1935:/
1912:/
1908:/
1896:/
1892:/
1888:/
1878:/
1874:/
1868:/
1856:/
1850:/
1842:,
1838:,
1834:/
1824:/
1820:/
1816:/
1806:/
1800:/
1785:/
1769:/
1765:/
1751:/
1743:,
1733:/
1719:,
1715:,
1711:,
1703:/
1699:/
1695:/
1673:,
1669:,
1661:,
1657:/
1649:/
1645:/
1635:/
1631:/
1627:/
1613:/
1583:/
1357:.
1320:.
1294:.
1268:.
1264:.
1239:.
1214:.
1189:.
1171:.
1147:.
1122:.
1098:.
1039:.
1014:.
996:.
966:96
964:.
960:.
935:.
911:.
883:.
838:91
836:.
811:92
809:.
784:.
765:.
748:89
746:.
270:,
234:,
175:,
1707:(
1559:e
1552:t
1545:v
1441:e
1434:t
1427:v
1331:.
1306:.
1280:.
1270:1
1250:.
1225:.
1200:.
1175:.
1157:.
1133:.
1108:.
1072:.
1050:.
1025:.
1000:.
982:.
946:.
921:.
897:.
848:.
844::
821:.
817::
794:.
200:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
