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Since the
Beltsville Small white was explicitly developed for smaller households, its size could not fulfill the shift in consumer demand for larger turkeys; precisely the demand of commercial food processors and restaurants in need of larger breasted turkeys. By the 1970s, it had nearly disappeared,
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Small Whites have entirely white plumage, with a red to blueish-white head, black beard, horn-colored beak, and dark brown eyes. Their shanks and toes are typically pinkish white. Weights range from approximately 17 to 21 lb (7.7 to 9.5 kg) for toms, and about 10 to 17 lb (4.5 to
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in 1951. Commercial production of Small Whites began in 1947 and increased to about 28 percent (or 19,000,000 of 67,693,000) of turkeys produced in 1954. However, in the following years, production slowly declined in favor of larger white strains to about 9 percent (9,000,000 of 93,370,000) of
215:, and was named for that town and for its physical characteristics — small size and white plumage. It enjoyed a brief period of commercial success in the mid-twentieth century, but numbers then declined sharply; in the twenty-first century it is an
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was introduced as well. The new breed was characterized by early maturity, more breast meat, high hatchability, and an adequate size for smaller ovens and families. The breed was used commercially in the 1940s and was recognized officially by the
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breeds, including a research flock at Iowa State
University and efforts to locate and conserve remnant flocks in the United States and Canada. However, the acquisition of Small Whites for home flocks remains rare.
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and more white meat. In 1934, the
Beltsville Research Center started a seven-year breeding and research program; led by Stanley J. Marsden and lasting until 1941. Initially, the Small White was a cross of the
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turkeys raised in 1963. In 1964, light breed turkeys (presumed to be
Beltsville Whites or of similar breeding) saw a slight increase to 11 percent, but in the following years, saw a continued decline.
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rising to prominence to meet consumer needs. Beltsville Small Whites are extremely rare today and are listed as
Critical by the American
374:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2023.
313:. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2023.
450:. Beltsville, Maryland: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Husbandry Research Division.
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7.7 kg) for hens. The eggs vary from mid-brown to a pale cream color; they may show some spotting.
278:. In more recent years, the variety has seen a revival of interest specifically for those interested in
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492:. National Agricultural Library of the United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed February 2023.
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United States. Agricultural
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Breed history and commercial production of the
Beltsville small white turkey
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Breed data sheet: Beltsville Small White / United States of
America (Turkey)
525:. National Agricultural Library U. S. Department of Agriculture. p. 3.
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that said consumers wanted a turkey of small to medium size with no dark
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Breed history and commercial production of
Beltsville Small White turkey
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423:"Changing Tastes: Rise and Fall of the Beltsville Small White Turkey"
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Development for the Small White began in the 1930s in response to
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A historic photo of a
Beltsville Small White breed turkey.
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Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
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599:Turkey breeds originating in the United States
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490:The Beltsville Small White: A Heritage Turkey
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508:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 1.
462:Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds
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385:"White ‐ The Poultry Club of Great Britain"
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203:. It was developed from 1934 at the
138:pale buff with reddish-brown spots
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505:The Beltsville Small White Turkey
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372:Transboundary breed: Beltsville
345:"Beltsville Small White Turkey"
117:10–17 lb (4.5–7.7 kg)
110:17–21 lb (7.7–9.5 kg)
256:turkeys. Two years later, the
180:Meleagris gallopavo domesticus
1:
552:. You can help Knowledge by
502:Marsden, Stanley J. (1945).
427:USDA ARS AgResearch Magazine
263:American Poultry Association
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219:, and may be considered a
48:(2023): at risk/endangered
350:The Livestock Conservancy
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18:American breed of turkey
460:Ekarius, Carol (2007).
193:Beltsville Small White
22:Beltsville Small White
276:Livestock Conservancy
258:Broad Breasted Bronze
195:is a modern American
53:Livestock Conservancy
609:Beltsville, Maryland
272:Broad Breasted White
213:Beltsville, Maryland
389:www.poultryclub.org
39:Conservation status
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248:, White Austrian,
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475:978-1-58017-667-5
466:Storey Publishing
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64:Country of origin
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72:Distribution
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432:23 November
394:23 November
357:20 November
237:pinfeathers
593:Categories
296:References
127:Skin color
270:with the
135:Egg color
446:(1965).
153:American
115:Female:
546:poultry
227:History
223:breed.
207:of the
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353:. 2020
252:, and
242:Bronze
108:Male:
102:Weight
97:Traits
78:Canada
46:DAD-IS
544:This
250:Black
197:breed
130:white
550:stub
470:ISBN
434:2021
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359:2022
254:wild
191:The
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149:APA
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
