780:, co-evolved with the formation of the Danube valley, resulting in very different survival strategies in its early life stages. This appears to explain why different individuals of the same long-migratory species spawn as far upstream as 1,700 km (1,100 mi) upstream, while others spawn just 100 km (62 mi). To make the long journey to very distant spawning grounds, the sturgeon adapted a two-stage migration strategy, beginning in autumn when they enter the Danube River overwinter in the river and the second stage is their spawning which takes place in the spring the river in fall and staying over winter in reaches of the river offering adequate substrate and water-flow resting conditions. Very few locations of existing wintering and spawning grounds for sturgeon are presently known in the lower Danube, and none are known to exist in the river's upper reaches. The same situation concerns nursery sites upon which young sturgeon depend during their journey to the
2640:
119:
788:
historic spawning routes. The female lays her eggs on gravel from 4 to 40 m (13 to 131 ft) underwater. Upon hatching, the embryo are 11 to 14 mm (0.43 to 0.55 in) long, and 10–14 days later when they absorb their yolk sack, the length is 18 to 20 mm (0.71 to 0.79 in). Thereafter, the larvae usually subsist on benthic invertebrates, but when reaching at least 10 cm (3.9 in) in length, they will switch to a fish-based diet. While swimming back to the ocean, the young sturgeon may cover up to 60 km (37 mi) a day.
2647:
797:
2653:
187:
605:
3247:
4239:
4221:
145:
1027:
4251:
875:
673:
724:
4 in)); and weight (2,000 kg (4,400 lb), 2,500 kg (5,500 lb), or even 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)) are disputed and unconfirmed; but they are not impossible. Several other records of aged sturgeon exceed 5 m (16 ft 5 in). Among sturgeons, only the closely related
1122:, became the first and only facility in the world to obtain a permit exemption for the sale of beluga sturgeon and its caviar in the U.S. Since 2017, the company has assisted in beluga sturgeon repopulation efforts across the world by providing over 160,000 fertilized eggs to the Caspian Sea region.
787:
Males attain sexual maturity at 12–16 years of age, whereas females do so at 16–22 years. They will spawn every four to seven years. At one time, beluga sturgeons could migrate up to 1,000 km (620 mi) upriver to spawn, but dams in almost every major tributary that they utilize have impeded
1176:
Pollution from various sources, including oil, industries, sewage, and agriculture, is a critical threat to the beluga sturgeon. The species' long lifespan makes it vulnerable to pesticide contamination, resulting in reduced reproductive success and other health issues. Pollution negatively affects
659:
Adults are heavy-set, spindle-shaped, large and humpbacked. The head is massive with a very large protractile mouth that gradually moves in an almost frontal position during growth. The snout is quite short (one-third to one-quarter of the head), and scutes gradually undergo absorption and decrease
633:
The dorsal fin has 48 to 81 soft rays, and the anal fin, much shorter, has 22 to 41 soft rays. There are five in a series of longitudinal scutes: dorsal (one series, 9–17 scutes), lateral (two series, one per side, 28–60 scutes each) and ventral series (two series, one per side, 7–14 scutes each).
723:
estuary at 1,571 kg (3,463 lb) and 7.2 m (23 ft 7 in). Another specimen reportedly weighed 1,220 kg (2,690 lb) and measured 6.1 m (20 ft 0 in) in length. Claims about greater length (10 m (32 ft 10 in), or even 12 m (39 ft
1158:
The beluga sturgeon faces a significant threat from illegal catches for its meat and caviar. The excessive harvesting and a sharp increase in poaching have removed the largest and most mature specimens from the population, almost eliminating natural reproduction. This exploitation has pushed the
735:
Beluga of such great sizes are very old (continuing to grow throughout life) and have become increasingly rare in recent decades because of heavy fishing of the species. Today, mature belugas that are caught are generally 142–328 cm (4 ft 8 in – 10 ft 9 in) long and
1167:
The construction of dams, such as the Iron Gate in the Danube and the
Volgograd Dam, has severely reduced the beluga sturgeon's available spawning grounds. These dams have blocked access to crucial river habitats, leading to a significant reduction in the species' ability to reproduce. Similar
745:
1018:, and all rivers interconnecting these waterways. Unfortunately, this range has been greatly reduced in modern times to the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, and a few rivers such as the Danube, with attempts to reintroduce Belugas into various historic locations.
1117:
Management of sturgeon fisheries within the
Caspian Sea began in the 1950s and while the initial regulations had honorable intentions, they achieved dwindling effects due to the ever present demand for the fish's caviar. In July 2016, Sturgeon Aquafarms in
832:. Different diets have been observed throughout the distribution range of beluga sturgeon, as well as according to spawners' migration stage. Adults mainly eat a great diversity of large fish (73% of the diet). Additional food items may include
1067:. Due to aforementioned poaching of the sturgeon, the Danube is the only river remaining with naturally reproducing sturgeon populations within the European Union. The sturgeon remains a protected species listed in Appendix III of the
759:
Due to rampant overfishing, the average lifespan of beluga sturgeon is unknown, with no specimens living past their 56th year. However, the species is reportedly quite long-lived, being capable of surviving over 100 years in the wild.
1011:, capable of moving freely between freshwater and estuaries, and thus can live in waters of varying saline content. Sturgeons are quite a durable species and can survive some of the most altered and polluted rivers in the world.
736:
weigh 19–264 kg (42–582 lb). The female beluga is typically 20% larger than the male. An exceptionally large beluga recently caught weighed 960 kg (2,120 lb) and measured 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in).
638:
is conical and contains numerous sensory pits on both ventral and dorsal surfaces. The mouth is large, crescent-shaped and protractile, with the upper lip continuous while the lower lip is interrupted by a large gap. The
1149:
The beluga sturgeon is confronted by several critical threats that imperil its existence. Illegal harvesting, habitat disruption through dam construction, and pollution are among the most pressing challenges faced.
4369:
751:
749:
746:
750:
1898:
1194:
Choudhury, Anindo; Dick, Terry A. (1998). "Special Paper: The
Historical Biogeography of Sturgeons (Osteichthyes: Acipenseridae): A Synthesis of Phylogenetics, Palaeontology and Palaeogeography".
776:
on clean, hard substrate, which offers both support and cover to their sticky and adhesive eggs. Spawning biology and development of larval stages of the sturgeon, the most ancient fish of the
748:
2639:
1486:
Evolution of the Danube ichthyofauna, its recent state and an attempt to predict further changes after the construction of the planned hydroelectric power-stations and diversion schemes
4656:
1870:
1670:
1606:
660:
in number with age. Colouring is blue-grey or dark brown, with silver or grey flancs and white belly. The dark dorsum contrasts strongly against the rest of the body;
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650:
Juveniles are slender, and the head is quite narrow with a mouth ventrally placed but projecting upward. The snout is thin and pointed (almost half of the head),
561:
4535:
3951:
3148:
747:
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1628:. pp. 295–344. In: J. Holcík (ed.) The Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Vol. I/II: General Introduction of Fishes, Acipenseriformes, AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden
3693:
1086:
has banned imports of beluga caviar and other beluga products from the
Caspian Sea since 6 October 2005, after listing beluga sturgeon under the U.S.
1567:
Suciu, M; Paraschiv, M; Ene, C; Suciu, R (2005). "Downstream migration of young of the year beluga sturgeons (Huso huso) in the lower Danube River".
4444:
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are laterally compressed with foliate appendages, arranged in two pairs, originating midway or closer to the mouth than to the tip of the snout.
4496:
1973:
1083:
1041:. Beluga caviar has long been scarce and expensive and the fish's endangered status has made its caviar even more expensive throughout the world.
828:
invertebrates in rivers and shallow coastal waters, where they grow quickly. At the length of 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in), they become largely
943:
Little is known about the diet of the extinct
Adriatic population. It has been reported that in marine and brackish environments, adult Adriatic
1651:
Khodorevskaya R.P., Polyaninova A.A., Geraskin P.P., Romanov, A.A. (1995). "A study on physiological and biochemical status of Beluga sturgeon,
1498:
4561:
2015:
1447:
1847:
PARCO LOMBARDO DELLA VALLE DEL TICINO, Sviluppo sostenibile, tutela della biodiversità e dell’ambiente, qualità della vita (28 March 2019).
1098:
Since 2015, an official captive breeding scheme has been established in Italy, with beluga from the Azov Sea. Then, after the building of a
4731:
1037:
is considered a delicacy worldwide. The flesh of the beluga is not particularly renowned, but it is a hearty white meat similar to that of
596:), meaning "white," probably referring to the extensive pale colour on the flanks and belly in beluga compared to that of other sturgeons.
1884:
1420:
3520:
4701:
1367:
4711:
3550:
1727:
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815:
predator whose local distribution is not influenced by the nature of the substrates, unlike with most of the sturgeons that show
1848:
4726:
3204:
3141:
2094:
302:
4255:
1079:
population is strongly protected under
Appendix II of the Bern Convention, prohibiting any intentional killing of these fish.
4716:
2681:
1068:
4501:
1969:
4691:
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1987:
1856:
1520:
149:
118:
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2652:
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4681:
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1133:. Despite repopulation efforts, the beluga sturgeon continues to face poaching threats. In 2021, two Romanian men in
4410:
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3638:
3525:
3134:
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2008:
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1585:
4706:
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4676:
4202:
4184:
3746:
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1168:
habitat loss has occurred in other rivers due to dam construction, greatly impacting the species' survival.
851:
The piscivorous diet of beluga sturgeon tends to change with age: in the
Caspian Sea, it mainly consists of
186:
4273:
4164:
3988:
3973:
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565:
281:
1918:
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4320:
4189:
3485:
2974:
2608:
2001:
1586:"Contributions to Understanding the Spawning Ecology of Sturgeons in the Lower Danube River, Romania"
541:
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2564:
2534:
2313:
1264:
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the quality of the sturgeon's habitat, compounding the challenges faced by this endangered species.
3978:
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2504:
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134:
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2524:
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2218:
2208:
1899:"Sturgeon Aquafarms Aims To Sustainably Produce Caviar While Restoring Wild Sturgeon Populations"
1813:
1219:
1211:
936:
311:
181:
2264:
2197:
1584:
Dalia Onara, Radu Suciu, Marian
Paraschiv, Marian Iani, Daniela Holostenco, Elena Tafla (2011).
4592:
4475:
2445:
2417:
2306:
1106:, on 2019 hundreds of young microchipped beluga and 60 tagged subadults were released into the
1030:
The caviar of a beluga sturgeon, the main reason for the massive overharvesting of this species
796:
4574:
4356:
3906:
3811:
3716:
3628:
3623:
3570:
3377:
3184:
3174:
2863:
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2818:
2764:
2285:
2240:
2229:
1951:
1864:
1600:
1514:
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930:
701:
635:
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1203:
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238:
4514:
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3027:
2908:
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1119:
924:
918:
773:
709:
604:
522:
4311:
2666:
1743:
1312:
1988:
Annex II of the
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
1833:
1129:
crowdfunding appeal, over 7,000 three month-old beluga sturgeons were released into the
1114:
were released in the Po river, attempting to resurrect the extinct
Adriatic population.
4418:
4405:
4141:
4114:
4006:
3998:
3931:
3901:
3840:
3822:
3776:
3766:
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2615:
2514:
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2456:
2408:
2394:
2371:
2357:
2255:
2079:
2054:
1207:
976:
960:
228:
1763:
1241:
1014:
Historically, beluga sturgeon were found in the Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Adriatic Sea,
4650:
4509:
4243:
4146:
4060:
3880:
3855:
3850:
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3801:
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3301:
3063:
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2890:
2854:
2791:
2591:
2497:
1818:
1250:
1034:
887:
862:
816:
725:
693:
685:
549:
518:
298:
154:
69:
1223:
4361:
4136:
3960:
3875:
3835:
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3678:
3618:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3446:
3436:
3365:
3348:
3255:
3216:
3209:
2729:
2477:
2438:
2424:
2380:
1834:"Azioni preparatorie alla reintroduzione di Huso huso nel fiume Ticino (2015-2016)"
968:
841:
812:
732:) can attain similar size, with a maximum weight of 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).
619:
577:
537:
20:
4325:
1538:
1568:
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4527:
4457:
4305:
4119:
4107:
4033:
3791:
3786:
3761:
3741:
3683:
3578:
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3451:
3441:
3414:
3284:
3236:
2735:
2154:
2132:
2106:
2063:
2024:
1814:"Beluga Sturgeon Threatened With Extinction, Yet Caviar Quotas Remain Unchanged"
1099:
1045:
1015:
948:
853:
837:
829:
677:
646:
However, during growth, the beluga sturgeons show evident morphologic changes:
553:
529:
44:
37:
1137:, were caught trying to smuggle a 140 kilogram, 2.5-metre beluga sturgeon in a
1026:
4169:
3936:
3870:
3860:
3781:
3771:
3456:
3424:
3409:
3355:
3328:
3311:
2723:
2465:
2292:
2271:
1107:
1008:
996:
988:
820:
769:
700:). It is the largest freshwater fish in the world. The beluga also rivals the
504:
89:
54:
4296:
1788:"Thousands of Critically Endangered Beluga Sturgeon Released into the Danube"
3926:
3911:
3896:
3726:
3387:
3333:
3318:
3296:
3279:
3226:
3097:
2755:
2554:
2387:
1049:
1038:
992:
984:
904:
781:
692:
sp.) as the most massive fish and is the second-longest bony fish after the
623:
618:
shows typical characteristics of other sturgeon, such as an elongated body,
533:
198:
94:
4488:
4374:
1728:
The Decline of the Beluga Sturgeon: A Case Study about Fisheries Management
1286:
654:
are evident, back and flancs are dark grey or black and the belly is white.
4553:
1570:
Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Sturgeons, 9-13 May 2005
4431:
4335:
4290:
4129:
4070:
4016:
4011:
3830:
3698:
3360:
3306:
3221:
3073:
2745:
2717:
2545:
2175:
2048:
1390:
Threatened fishes of the world: Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)(Acipenseridae)
1317:
980:
913:
858:
833:
557:
511:
248:
218:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
4384:
874:
4449:
4436:
4102:
4097:
4075:
4048:
4043:
4038:
3583:
3535:
3429:
3199:
3194:
2881:
1215:
995:, but also on big crustaceans; in the rivers, they fed mainly on local
972:
909:
825:
663:
Very old specimens are stocky, with a large head and an enormous mouth.
500:
99:
74:
4462:
819:
attitude. The prey is sucked into the mouth opening extremely quickly.
4021:
2711:
2042:
1903:
1130:
898:
777:
208:
4267:
1762:
4613:
4600:
4124:
4053:
3463:
1885:"Nuova operazione di reinserimento di Huso huso nel fiume Ticino!"
1421:"Lo storione attilo o ladano o beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)"
1138:
1072:
1025:
892:
873:
867:
795:
743:
720:
672:
671:
651:
627:
603:
171:
165:
4397:
1110:, following EU Projects (Life Ticino Biosurce). Since then, many
4566:
4026:
3968:
3613:
3166:
3157:
2941:
2581:
1060:
719:
The largest accepted record is of a female taken in 1827 in the
507:
258:
4271:
3130:
2670:
2035:
1997:
1684:
Filippov, G.M. (1976). "Some data on the biology of the beluga
1475:(1962). (Israel Program for Scientific Translations). Jerusalem
4065:
3633:
1993:
1919:"WWF: Sturgeon poaching again on the rise in Romania, Ukraine"
545:
684:
Among all extant bony fishes, the beluga sturgeon rivals the
471:
1473:
Freshwater fishes of the USSR and adjacent countries. Vol. 1
912:
and rivers of the same area, migrating spawners eat various
1624:
Pirogovskii, M.I., L.I. Sokolov & V.P. Vasil’ev. 1989.
1460:
International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Index volume (Vol. 22)
857:
sp. for juveniles smaller than 40 cm, different species of
608:
Comparison between an adult (above) and a juvenile (below)
477:
462:
634:
The surface of the skin is covered by fine denticles. The
1849:"Huso Huso: riparte da Pavia il ripopolamento nel Ticino"
474:
3126:
576:
The common name for the sturgeon, as for the unrelated
1952:"Redlist - Huso Huso (Beluga) threats to the species"
591:
2597:
2587:
2570:
2560:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2493:
2483:
2473:
2405:
2368:
2353:
2342:
2252:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2171:
716:) for the title of largest actively predatory fish.
468:
459:
4280:
4157:
4090:
3997:
3959:
3950:
3889:
3820:
3707:
3659:
3569:
3494:
3254:
3164:
3095:
3071:
3062:
3016:
2972:
2939:
2753:
2744:
2544:
2464:
2455:
2404:
2367:
2327:
2251:
2152:
2105:
2078:
1711:
General Introduction to Fishes and Acipenseriformes
1537:Chakrabarty, Prosanta (2003). Fink, William (ed.).
1509:. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012.
1141:; the fish was later safely returned to the river.
755:
A sub-adult beluga sturgeon swimming in an aquarium
465:
1392:. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 65(3), 363-365.
1388:Vecsei, P., Sucui, R., & Peterson, D. (2002).
1773:. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
1688:from the south-eastern part of the Caspian sea".
861:for fish ranging between 40 and 280 cm and then
626:skeleton, naked skin and longitudinal series of
552:, wild populations have been greatly reduced by
1265:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T10269A135087846.en
1240:Gessner, J.; Chebanov, M.; Freyhof, J. (2022).
1620:
1618:
1616:
542:third-most-massive living species of bony fish
3142:
2682:
2009:
1709:Freshwater fishes of Europe (Vol I part II).
1235:
1233:
680:(National Museum of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia)
585:
8:
1869:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1669:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1605:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1573:. Ramsar, Iran: Blackwell. pp. 306–308.
676:A 1000-kg, 4.17-m-long beluga fish from the
19:For the whale species of the same name, see
4657:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1639:The sturgeons and paddlefishes of the world
1637:Hochleithner, M. & J. Gessner. (2001).
1440:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
544:. Heavily fished for the female's valuable
4268:
3956:
3149:
3135:
3127:
3068:
2750:
2689:
2675:
2667:
2461:
2335:
2164:
2160:
2149:
2084:
2075:
2032:
2016:
2002:
1994:
871:sp. and other sturgeons for the largest.
143:
117:
27:
3694:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
1370:Fishbase.org. Accessed on 11 January 2008
1263:
1488:. Biologicke prace 13: 1–121, 24 plates.
1974:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1434:
1432:
1430:
1186:
1084:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1862:
1662:
1598:
1512:
16:Species of fish in the sturgeon family
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1782:
1780:
1732:Larissa J. Graham and Brian R. Murphy
1723:
1721:
1532:
1530:
1406:. Calderini, Bologna. pp. 75–85.
971:) and fish belonging to the families
7:
4606:F0350B4A-28EF-D113-CF6E-7BDF2E822606
4424:dcdc2790-5aa4-49c9-b3c5-dec30867d1c9
1458:Burton, M., & Burton, R. (2002)
1415:
1413:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1159:species to the brink of extinction.
1071:, and its trade is restricted under
4250:
3521:Electroreception and electrogenesis
1707:Sokolov L.I., in Holcík J. (1989).
1251:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
768:Like most sturgeons, the beluga is
540:. Based on maximum size, it is the
1761:Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921).
1208:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2540623.x
804:eating a small fish in an aquarium
772:, migrating upstream in rivers to
14:
1657:Proc. Intern. Sturg. Symp. Moscow
840:, aquatic birds and young seals (
4249:
4238:
4237:
4220:
4219:
3245:
2651:
2645:
2638:
1641:. Aquatech Publications. 202 pp.
886:In brackish environments of the
455:
185:
3205:Environmental impact of fishing
1655:(L.), and its feeding habits".
1442:. Sterling Pub Co Inc. (1983),
1404:Fauna d'Italia, X: Osteichthyes
1348:Deeplyfish- fishes of the world
1154:Illegal harvesting and poaching
1007:Beluga sturgeon are considered
967:are particularly common in the
947:foraged primarily on molluscs (
528:. It is found primarily in the
412:Sal'nikov & Malyatskii 1934
400:Sal'nikov & Malyatskii 1934
388:Sal'nikov & Malyatskii 1934
380:Sal'nikov & Malyatskii 1934
1311:Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017).
1:
1750:. Food Fancy. September 2012.
3290:intramembranous ossification
536:basins, and formerly in the
4732:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
908:are the preferred prey. In
592:
564:to classify the species as
4748:
3669:Fin and flipper locomotion
3639:Sequential hermaphroditism
3526:Jamming avoidance response
3243:
1770:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1626:Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)
18:
4702:Fish of Georgia (country)
4233:
2706:
2635:
2338:
2167:
2163:
2148:
2129:
2087:
2074:
2031:
1714:. Wiesbaden: Aula Verlag.
1519:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1063:classifies the beluga as
1048:is said to make the best
586:
317:
310:
287:
280:
182:Scientific classification
180:
163:
141:
132:
125:
116:
30:
4712:Fish of the Adriatic Sea
2866:A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
4722:Fish of the Caspian Sea
4185:Glossary of ichthyology
3747:Diel vertical migration
2918:European sea sturgeon (
2699:sturgeon and paddlefish
1990:. Revised 1 March 2002.
1196:Journal of Biogeography
882:eating a small sturgeon
714:Somniosus microcephalus
4727:Fish described in 1758
3551:Surface wave detection
3516:Hydrodynamic reception
3190:Diseases and parasites
1507:caspianenvironment.org
1258:: e.T10269A135087846.
1088:Endangered Species Act
1031:
934:and, among sturgeons,
883:
805:
756:
706:Carcharodon carcharias
681:
612:
580:, is derived from the
4717:Fish of the Black Sea
4588:Paleobiology Database
3689:Undulatory locomotion
3506:Ampullae of Lorenzini
3083:American paddlefish (
3037:Shovelnose sturgeon (
2857:A. oxyrinchus desotoi
1462:. Marshall Cavendish.
1402:Tortonese E. (1970).
1065:critically endangered
1029:
877:
799:
754:
675:
607:
566:critically endangered
485:), also known as the
369:Acipenser vallisnerii
150:Critically Endangered
4692:Fish of Central Asia
4419:Fauna Europaea (new)
3917:Genetically modified
3107:Chinese paddlefish (
3004:Amu Darya sturgeon (
2986:Syr Darya sturgeon (
2774:Shortnose sturgeon (
2609:Pseudoscaphirhynchus
1547:Animal Diversity Web
1484:Balon, E.K. (1967).
1287:"Appendices | CITES"
1094:Repopulation efforts
437:Huso huso orientalis
3722:Aquatic respiration
3609:Life history theory
2864:Atlantic sturgeon (
2837:Adriatic sturgeon (
2828:Japanese sturgeon (
2819:Sakhalin sturgeon (
2765:Siberian sturgeon (
2602:Protoscaphirhynchus
1887:. 20 December 2019.
1792:World Wildlife Fund
1163:Habitat impoundment
1127:World Wildlife Fund
377:Huso huso maeoticus
135:Conservation status
4682:Fish of Azerbaijan
3561:Weberian apparatus
3046:Alabama sturgeon (
2900:Chinese sturgeon (
2873:Persian sturgeon (
2846:Bastard sturgeon (
2803:A. gueldenstaedtii
2801:Russian sturgeon (
2783:Dabry's sturgeon (
2219:Bobasatraniiformes
1853:ticinobiosource.it
1104:Isola Serafini dam
1032:
957:Sepia officinalis,
940:is the main prey.
937:Acipenser ruthenus
890:basin, the genera
884:
824:Juveniles feed on
806:
757:
682:
613:
425:Huso huso caspicus
417:Huso huso caspicus
405:Huso huso ponticus
393:Huso huso ponticus
385:Huso huso ponticus
361:Huso ichthyocollus
4642:
4641:
4575:Open Tree of Life
4274:Taxon identifiers
4265:
4264:
4175:Fish common names
4086:
4085:
3717:Aquatic predation
3541:Capacity for pain
3270:Age determination
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3058:
3057:
3028:Pallid sturgeon (
2909:Starry sturgeon (
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2323:
2322:
2241:Saurichthyiformes
2230:Guildayichthyidae
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2125:
2124:
1659:. VNIRO: 164–172.
1448:978-0-85112-235-9
1320:version (02/2017)
1075:Appendix II. The
953:common cuttlefish
931:Sander lucioperca
752:
702:great white shark
447:
446:
441:
433:
421:
413:
401:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
353:Acipenser albulus
349:
341:
333:
329:Acipenser belugus
325:
175:
158:
4739:
4635:
4634:
4622:
4621:
4609:
4608:
4596:
4595:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4544:
4543:
4531:
4530:
4528:NHMSYS0001691430
4518:
4517:
4505:
4504:
4492:
4491:
4479:
4478:
4466:
4465:
4453:
4452:
4440:
4439:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4401:
4400:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4377:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4269:
4253:
4252:
4241:
4240:
4223:
4222:
3957:
3249:
3180:Ethnoichthyology
3151:
3144:
3137:
3128:
3069:
2995:Dwarf sturgeon (
2929:A. transmontanus
2927:White sturgeon (
2830:A. multiscutatus
2810:Green sturgeon (
2751:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2599:
2589:
2572:
2562:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2462:
2407:
2370:
2355:
2344:
2336:
2330:Acipenseriformes
2300:Plesiococcolepis
2254:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2206:
2195:
2184:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2085:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2033:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1995:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1907:. 19 April 2019.
1895:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1860:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1436:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1191:
1135:Grindu, Ialomita
965:Loligo vulgaris,
753:
698:Regalecus glesne
622:tail, partially
595:
589:
588:
526:Acipenseriformes
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
439:
431:
419:
411:
399:
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
345:Acipenser schypa
339:
331:
323:
293:
239:Acipenseriformes
190:
189:
169:
152:
147:
146:
121:
111:
41:
34:Temporal range:
28:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4662:Commercial fish
4647:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4630:
4625:
4617:
4612:
4604:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4560:
4552:
4549:Observation.org
4547:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4521:
4513:
4508:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4482:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4422:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4396:
4391:
4383:
4381:
4373:
4368:
4360:
4355:
4347:
4342:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4276:
4266:
4261:
4229:
4153:
4082:
3993:
3946:
3885:
3816:
3709:
3703:
3655:
3599:Ichthyoplankton
3565:
3497:
3490:
3486:Digital Library
3481:Teleost leptins
3420:Shark cartilage
3344:pharyngeal slit
3339:pharyngeal arch
3275:Anguilliformity
3260:
3258:
3250:
3241:
3160:
3155:
3125:
3116:
3091:
3054:
3039:S. platorynchus
3012:
2988:P. fedtschenkoi
2976:
2968:
2935:
2891:Amur sturgeon (
2855:Gulf sturgeon (
2792:Lake sturgeon (
2776:A. brevirostrum
2740:
2702:
2695:
2665:
2656:
2637:
2621:
2540:
2451:
2400:
2363:
2347:Cylindracanthus
2332:
2319:
2247:
2157:
2136:
2121:
2101:
2070:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2022:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1925:. 31 March 2021
1923:Romania Insider
1917:
1916:
1912:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1861:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1822:. 4 March 2008.
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1726:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1661:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1511:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1341:"Acipenseridae"
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1313:"Acipenseridae"
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1120:Bascom, Florida
1096:
1069:Bern Convention
1058:
1024:
1005:
925:Rutilus rutilus
919:Cyprinus carpio
794:
766:
744:
742:
710:greenland shark
670:
602:
574:
487:beluga sturgeon
458:
454:
306:
295:
289:
276:
184:
176:
159:
148:
144:
137:
112:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4707:Fish of Turkey
4704:
4699:
4697:Fish of Europe
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Fish of Russia
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4649:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4623:
4610:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4558:
4545:
4532:
4519:
4506:
4493:
4480:
4467:
4454:
4441:
4428:
4415:
4406:Fauna Europaea
4402:
4389:
4379:
4366:
4353:
4340:
4330:
4317:
4302:
4286:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4003:
4001:
3999:Wild fisheries
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3922:Hallucinogenic
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Schooling fish
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Filter feeders
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Bottom feeders
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:Leydig's organ
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:pharyngeal jaw
3368:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:branchial arch
3316:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3019:Scaphirhynchus
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2977:scaphirhynchus
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2848:A. nudiventris
2843:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2812:A. medirostris
2807:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2616:Scaphirhynchus
2612:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2578:
2575:Engdahlichthys
2568:
2565:Anchiacipenser
2558:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2535:Pugiopsephurus
2528:
2518:
2515:Protopsephurus
2508:
2501:
2491:
2488:Paleopsephurus
2481:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2457:Acipenseroidei
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2411:
2409:Peipiaosteidae
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2395:Strongylosteus
2391:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2372:Chondrosteidae
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2358:Eochondrosteus
2351:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2314:Toarcocephalus
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2256:Coccolepididae
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2223:
2212:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2095:Actinopterygii
2088:
2082:
2080:Actinopterygii
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2057:
2055:Actinopterygii
2051:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1964:
1963:External links
1961:
1958:
1957:
1936:
1910:
1890:
1876:
1839:
1825:
1805:
1794:. 29 June 2020
1776:
1753:
1735:
1717:
1699:
1676:
1643:
1630:
1612:
1576:
1559:
1526:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1426:
1409:
1394:
1372:
1360:
1332:
1303:
1278:
1229:
1202:(4): 623–640.
1185:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1095:
1092:
1057:
1054:
1023:
1020:
1004:
1001:
977:Pleuronectidae
961:European squid
800:Fingerling of
793:
790:
765:
762:
741:
738:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
656:
655:
601:
598:
573:
570:
491:great sturgeon
445:
444:
443:
442:
434:
432:Babushkin 1942
422:
420:Babushkin 1942
414:
402:
390:
382:
374:
366:
364:Bonaparte 1846
358:
350:
342:
337:Acipenser shyp
334:
326:
321:Acipenser huso
315:
314:
308:
307:
296:
285:
284:
278:
277:
270:
268:
264:
263:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
229:Actinopterygii
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
178:
177:
164:
161:
160:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
129:
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4744:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4645:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
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4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
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4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4225:more lists...
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:Fish families
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Aquarium life
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4148:
4147:fleshy-finned
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4115:Cartilaginous
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4055:
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4050:
4047:
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4042:
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4037:
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4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
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4018:
4015:
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4010:
4009:
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4005:
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3996:
3990:
3987:
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3982:
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3967:
3966:
3964:
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3900:
3898:
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3879:
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3874:
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3859:
3857:
3854:
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3847:
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3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
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3819:
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3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
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3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:Electric fish
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
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3712:
3706:
3700:
3697:
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3690:
3687:
3685:
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3666:
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3647:
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3640:
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3627:
3625:
3622:
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3600:
3597:
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3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
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3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
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3537:
3534:
3532:
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3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Mauthner cell
3381:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Chromatophore
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Polyodontidae
3061:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2893:A. schrenckii
2889:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2794:A. fulvescens
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Acipenseridae
2743:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:Priscosturion
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2546:Acipenseridae
2543:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2498:Parapsephurus
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:Polyodontidae
2463:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2397:
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2360:
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2326:
2316:
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2297:
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2290:
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2283:
2281:
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2276:
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2273:
2269:
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2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1906:
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1900:
1894:
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1877:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1840:
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1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:Science Daily
1815:
1809:
1806:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1746:Beluga Caviar
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1696:(4): 566–574.
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1634:
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1627:
1621:
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1617:
1613:
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1563:
1560:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:Berg, Leo S,
1468:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1349:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1266:
1261:
1257:
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1252:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1077:Mediterranean
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:The beluga's
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:Beluga caviar
1028:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
938:
933:
932:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:Ponto-Caspian
881:
876:
872:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:Caspian seals
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
821:
818:
814:
810:
803:
798:
791:
789:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
763:
761:
739:
737:
733:
731:
730:Huso dauricus
727:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:giant oarfish
691:
687:
686:ocean sunfish
679:
674:
667:
662:
658:
657:
653:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
637:
631:
629:
625:
624:cartilaginous
621:
617:
611:
606:
599:
597:
594:
583:
579:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:beluga caviar
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
520:
519:Acipenseridae
516:
513:
509:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
482:
452:
438:
435:
430:
426:
423:
418:
415:
410:
406:
403:
398:
394:
391:
386:
383:
378:
375:
370:
367:
362:
359:
354:
351:
346:
343:
338:
335:
330:
327:
324:Linnaeus 1758
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:
309:
304:
300:
294:
292:
286:
283:
282:Binomial name
279:
275:
274:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:Acipenseridae
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
188:
183:
179:
173:
167:
162:
156:
151:
140:
136:
131:
128:
124:
120:
115:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
39:
29:
26:
22:
4687:Fish of Iran
4672:Fish of Asia
4644:
4281:
4254:
4242:
4142:spiny-finned
4091:Major groups
3812:Intelligence
3792:Scale eaters
3737:Cleaner fish
3619:Mouthbrooder
3571:Reproduction
3546:Schreckstoff
3531:Lateral line
3447:Swim bladder
3437:Spiral valve
3366:hyomandibula
3349:pseudobranch
3232:Hypoxia in -
3108:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3017:
3006:P. kaufmanni
3005:
2996:
2987:
2973:
2961:
2959:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2919:
2911:A. stellatus
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2785:A. dabryanus
2784:
2775:
2766:
2754:
2730:Osteichthyes
2644:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2496:
2486:
2478:Crossopholis
2476:
2444:
2439:Stichopterus
2437:
2430:
2425:Peipiaosteus
2423:
2416:
2393:
2386:
2381:Chondrosteus
2379:
2356:
2345:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2207:
2196:
2187:Errolichthys
2185:
2174:
2131:
2059:
1977:. Retrieved
1927:. Retrieved
1922:
1913:
1902:
1893:
1879:
1852:
1842:
1828:
1817:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1791:
1768:
1764:"Huso"
1756:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1665:cite journal
1656:
1652:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1593:Danube Parks
1592:
1579:
1569:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
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1269:. Retrieved
1255:
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1243:
1199:
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1189:
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1148:
1131:Danube River
1125:Following a
1124:
1116:
1112:H. huso
1111:
1097:
1081:
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1043:
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969:Adriatic Sea
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945:H. huso
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880:H. huso
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620:heterocercal
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578:beluga whale
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538:Adriatic Sea
495:
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428:
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397:occidentalis
396:
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356:Forster 1767
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340:Forster 1767
336:
332:Forster 1767
328:
320:
290:
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273:H. huso
272:
271:
259:
126:
25:
21:Beluga whale
4458:iNaturalist
4306:Wikispecies
4256:WikiProject
4215:Prehistoric
4199:Threatened
3890:Other types
3787:Sardine run
3762:Forage fish
3742:Corallivory
3594:Development
3579:Bubble nest
3452:physoclisti
3442:Suckermouth
3415:Root effect
3237:Ichthyology
3085:P. spathula
3048:S. suttkusi
2997:P. hermanni
2953:H. dauricus
2902:A. sinensis
2884:A. ruthenus
2875:A. persicus
2839:A. naccarii
2736:Chondrostei
2728:Superclass
2432:Spherosteus
2279:Condorlepis
2209:Neochallaia
2155:Chondrostei
2133:Chondrostei
2107:Chondrostei
2064:Actinopteri
2025:Chondrostei
1970:"Huso huso"
1690:J. Ichthyol
1100:fish ladder
1046:air bladder
1016:Sea of Azov
951:, of which
949:Cephalopoda
854:Clupeonella
838:crustaceans
830:piscivorous
678:Volga River
600:Description
554:overfishing
548:, known as
348:Gmelin 1789
168:Appendix II
38:Pleistocene
4651:Categories
3871:Groundfish
3866:Freshwater
3861:Euryhaline
3846:Coral reef
3782:Salmon run
3772:Paedophagy
3674:Amphibious
3661:Locomotion
3469:pharyngeal
3457:physostome
3410:Photophore
3356:Glossohyal
3329:gill raker
3312:dorsal fin
3262:physiology
3109:P. gladius
2821:A. mikadoi
2724:Vertebrata
2722:Subphylum
2293:Morrolepis
2272:Coccolepis
2265:Barbalepis
2198:Gualolepis
2116:see below↓
1979:24 January
1368:Huso huso.
1296:14 January
1181:References
1009:euryhaline
997:Cyprinidae
989:Scombridae
770:anadromous
708:) and the
560:, leading
505:anadromous
440:Lelek 1987
409:orientalis
372:Molin 1853
4667:Sturgeons
4375:huso-huso
4326:Huso_huso
4312:Huso huso
4282:Huso huso
4120:chimaeras
4007:Predatory
3984:Salmonids
3942:Whitefish
3932:Poisonous
3907:Diversity
3841:Coldwater
3777:Predatory
3767:Migratory
3727:Bait ball
3710:behaviour
3629:Pregnancy
3624:Polyandry
3398:papillare
3393:Operculum
3388:Meristics
3334:gill slit
3297:Cleithrum
3227:Fish kill
3217:Fear of -
3210:- as food
3200:Fisheries
3185:Evolution
3175:Diversity
3098:Psephurus
2920:A. sturio
2882:Sterlet (
2767:A. baerii
2756:Acipenser
2734:Subclass
2555:Acipenser
2525:Psephurus
2446:Yanosteus
2418:Liaosteus
2388:Gyrosteus
2307:Sunolepis
2041:Kingdom:
1686:Huso huso
1653:Huso huso
1543:(Beluga)"
1541:Huso huso
1501:Huso huso
1291:cites.org
1244:Huso huso
1172:Pollution
1050:isinglass
1039:swordfish
993:Mugilidae
985:Clupeidae
916:, mainly
914:cyprinids
910:estuaries
905:Engraulis
878:An adult
809:Huso huso
802:Huso huso
782:Black Sea
616:Huso huso
610:Huso huso
572:Etymology
534:Black Sea
521:) of the
496:Huso huso
291:Huso huso
267:Species:
205:Kingdom:
199:Eukaryota
127:Huso huso
4614:Species+
4476:10145452
4432:FishBase
4398:46561184
4333:BioLib:
4291:Wikidata
4244:Category
4195:Smallest
4108:lampreys
4071:flatfish
4061:Demersal
4017:mackerel
4012:billfish
3952:Commerce
3881:Tropical
3856:Demersal
3851:Deep-sea
3807:Venomous
3699:RoboTuna
3649:triggers
3644:Spawning
3604:Juvenile
3589:Egg case
3222:FishBase
3074:Polyodon
3030:S. albus
2975:Pseudo-
2960:Beluga (
2951:Kaluga (
2718:Chordata
2712:Animalia
2710:Kingdom
2505:Polyodon
2286:Iyalepis
2176:Birgeria
2049:Chordata
2047:Phylum:
2043:Animalia
1865:cite web
1601:cite web
1515:cite web
1318:FishBase
1224:84869858
1108:Po river
981:Gobiidae
859:Gobiidae
834:molluscs
817:demersal
764:Spawning
558:poaching
512:sturgeon
499:), is a
429:curensis
312:Synonyms
299:Linnaeus
245:Family:
219:Chordata
215:Phylum:
209:Animalia
195:Domain:
155:IUCN 3.1
4450:2402105
4297:Q191816
4190:Largest
4103:hagfish
4098:Jawless
4076:pollock
4049:sardine
4044:herring
4039:anchovy
3989:Tilapia
3979:Octopus
3974:Catfish
3961:Farming
3876:Pelagic
3836:Coastal
3823:habitat
3679:Walking
3584:Clasper
3536:Otolith
3498:systems
3496:Sensory
3430:ganoine
3405:Papilla
3256:Anatomy
3195:Fishing
2962:H. huso
2716:Phylum
2701:species
2697:Recent
2053:Class:
1216:2846137
1145:Threats
1003:Habitat
973:Gadidae
863:mullets
826:benthic
813:pelagic
740:Biology
641:barbels
636:rostrum
582:Russian
530:Caspian
510:in the
501:species
255:Genus:
235:Order:
225:Class:
170: (
153: (
106:↓
40:–Recent
4632:126280
4580:751886
4567:126280
4554:208243
4502:161084
4463:102975
4411:304329
4382:ECOS:
4208:sharks
4125:sharks
4054:sprats
4034:Forage
4022:salmon
3902:Coarse
3684:Flying
3556:Vision
3511:Barbel
3425:Scales
3285:dermal
3165:About
1929:28 May
1904:Forbes
1798:28 May
1730:(PDF)
1552:24 May
1446:
1438:Wood,
1353:18 May
1325:18 May
1271:24 May
1222:
1214:
1056:Status
899:Aspius
778:Danube
726:Kaluga
652:scutes
628:scutes
515:family
451:beluga
31:Beluga
4627:WoRMS
4601:Plazi
4593:94895
4541:61971
4515:10269
4489:79864
4471:IRMNG
4362:3MV27
4349:29692
4336:15453
4170:Blind
4158:Lists
3937:Rough
3802:Sleep
3708:Other
3474:shark
3464:Teeth
2060:Clade
1589:(PDF)
1344:(PDF)
1220:S2CID
1212:JSTOR
1139:wagon
1073:CITES
893:Alosa
868:Alosa
811:is a
774:spawn
721:Volga
593:belyj
587:белый
584:word
523:order
172:CITES
166:CITES
4619:6061
4562:OBIS
4536:NCBI
4510:IUCN
4497:ITIS
4445:GBIF
4437:2067
4385:5279
4344:BOLD
4203:rays
4137:Bony
4130:rays
4027:tuna
3969:Carp
3927:Oily
3912:Game
3897:Bait
3831:Cave
3614:Milt
3319:Gill
3307:Fins
3280:Bone
3167:fish
3158:Fish
2942:Huso
2582:Huso
2093:see
1981:2006
1931:2022
1871:link
1800:2022
1671:link
1607:link
1554:2023
1521:link
1444:ISBN
1355:2017
1327:2017
1298:2022
1273:2023
1256:2022
1082:The
1061:IUCN
1022:Uses
991:and
959:and
922:and
902:and
848:).
836:and
792:Diet
690:Mola
668:Size
562:IUCN
556:and
532:and
508:fish
449:The
303:1758
260:Huso
45:PreꞒ
4523:NBN
4484:ISC
4393:EoL
4370:CMS
4357:CoL
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