31:
213:. Friedlaender nonetheless maintained his membership in the WhK until 1906, when he broke with Hirschfeld and founded a third gay organization named "Secession from the WhK". Later renamed "League for Manly Culture", this organization folded shortly after Friedlaender's death by suicide on 21 June 1908 in Berlin.
144:
as the son of Carl
Friedlaender (1817–1876), a professor of economics. His grandfather was Nathan Friedlaender (died 1830), a Berlin physician and university lecturer. Among his siblings was Immanuel Friedlaender (1871–1948), a distinguished volcanologist. He studied mathematics, physics, botany,
165:
of the
Imperial Penal Code, which criminalized "unnatural vice" between males. The WhK assisted defendants in criminal trials, conducted public lectures, and gathered signatures on a petition for the repeal of the law. It found some parliamentary support for its law reform efforts in the
205:. Some members of the GdE advocated the classical Greek practice of having a relationship with a younger man while being married. The GdE also spurned Hirschfeld's efforts at law reform and coalition-building with the Social Democrats and the
282:
Die
Renaissance des Eros Uranios. Die physiologische Freundschaft, ein normaler Grundtrieb des Menschen und eine Frage der männlichen Gesellungsfreiheit. In naturwissenschaftlicher, naturrechtlicher, culturgeschichtlicher und sittenkritischer
397:
526:
431:
456:
501:
376:
346:
266:
Die vier
Hauptrichtungen der modernen socialen Bewegung: Marxistische Socialdemokratie, Anarchismus, Eugen Dührings socialitäres System und
240:
Der freiheitliche
Sozialismus im Gegensatz zum Staatsknechtsthum der Marxisten. Mit besonderer BerĂĽcksichtigung der Werke und Schicksale
531:
167:
476:
441:
318:
158:
193:'s libertarian philosophy of "self-ownership" or autonomy. The GdE repudiated Hirschfeld's understanding of homosexuality in a
471:
394:
289:
Entwurf zu einer reizphysiologische
Analyse der erotischen Anziehung unter Zugrundlegung vorwiegend homosexuellen Materials.
209:, adopting instead a diffusely anarchist outlook inspired by Stirner's individualism and the sweeping cultural criticism of
521:
516:
506:
491:
466:
451:
446:
145:
and physiology in Berlin, earning a Ph.D. in zoology in 1888. As a well-to-do donor, he supported the anarchist journal
461:
486:
481:
436:
368:
178:
161:(Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, or WhK) in Berlin. The primary goal of the WhK was to work against
421:
426:
416:
313:
511:
210:
206:
496:
58:
372:
362:
342:
154:
364:
The
Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature: Readings from Western Antiquity to the Present Day
241:
401:
202:
30:
410:
198:
162:
125:
80:
76:
267:
194:
190:
174:
117:
197:
spectrum and instead emphasized the masculinity of male-male sexuality, as did
257:
221:
186:
113:
129:
121:
181:(GdE), usually translated as Community of the Special, in 1903. The word
177:
and ten others, Friedlaender founded the homosexual organization called
339:
We Are
Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics
189:) and "owned, possessed", and the GdE's name was inspired in part by
141:
54:
108:(8 July 1866 – 21 June 1908; first name occasionally spelled
295:
Männliche und weibliche Kultur. Eine kausalhistorische
Betrachtung
216:
Friedlaender wrote several books on different themes. He wrote
234:
Beiträge zur
Kenntniss des Centralnervensystems von Lumbricus
252:, with Immanuel Friedlaender. Berlin: Leonhard Simion, 1896.
99:
sexologist, sociologist, economist, volcanologist, physicist
270:
Neophysiokratie, kritisch und vergleichend dargestellt
182:
95:
87:
65:
40:
21:
185:can mean both "peculiar, distinctive, odd" (as in
301:Die Liebe Platons im Lichte der modernen Biologie
8:
153:. He gave substantial financial support to
297:. Leipzig: "Deutscher Kampf" Verlag, 1906.
29:
18:
16:German academic and scientist (1866–1908)
329:
303:. Berlin-Treptow: Bernhard Zack, 1909.
285:. Berlin-Treptow: Bernhard Zack, 1904.
337:Blasius, Mark; Phelan, Shane (1997),
246:. Berlin: Freie Verlagsanstalt, 1892.
7:
220:, which called for the revival of "
14:
319:Individualist anarchism in Europe
159:Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
250:Absolute oder relative Bewegung?
218:Die Renaissance des Eros Uranios
527:20th-century German LGBT people
432:19th-century German LGBT people
457:19th-century German physicists
341:, Routledge, pp. 151–69,
1:
236:. Berlin: Dissertation, 1888.
149:and published in the journal
502:German LGBT rights activists
548:
361:Fone, Byrne R. S. (1998).
262:. Berlin: H. Paetel, 1896.
532:First homosexual movement
369:Columbia University Press
276:Marxismus und Anarchismus
140:Friedlaender was born in
28:
477:Individualist anarchists
442:19th-century German Jews
278:. Berlin: Calvary, 1901.
272:. Berlin: Calvary, 1901.
179:Gemeinschaft der Eigenen
168:Social Democratic Party
112:) was a German Jewish
472:German volcanologists
291:Leipzig: Spohr, 1905.
106:Benedict Friedlaender
35:Friedlaender ca. 1900
23:Benedict Friedlaender
314:Anarchism in Germany
522:Writers from Berlin
517:Suicides in Germany
507:German LGBT writers
492:Jewish sociologists
467:German sociologists
452:German male writers
447:German libertarians
211:Friedrich Nietzsche
462:German sexologists
400:2007-09-30 at the
59:Kingdom of Prussia
487:Jewish physicists
482:Jewish anarchists
437:German anarchists
378:978-0-231-09671-3
348:978-0-415-90859-7
207:feminist movement
155:Magnus Hirschfeld
103:
102:
539:
383:
382:
358:
352:
351:
334:
72:
50:
48:
33:
19:
547:
546:
542:
541:
540:
538:
537:
536:
407:
406:
402:Wayback Machine
391:
386:
379:
371:. p. 452.
360:
359:
355:
349:
336:
335:
331:
327:
310:
230:
201:in 1924 in his
138:
83:
74:
70:
61:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
545:
543:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
409:
408:
405:
404:
395:Thieme-connect
390:
389:External links
387:
385:
384:
377:
353:
347:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
316:
309:
306:
305:
304:
298:
292:
286:
279:
273:
263:
253:
247:
237:
229:
226:
137:
134:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
75:
73:(aged 41)
67:
63:
62:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
544:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
422:1908 suicides
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
403:
399:
396:
393:
392:
388:
380:
374:
370:
366:
365:
357:
354:
350:
344:
340:
333:
330:
324:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
307:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
271:
269:
268:Henry Georges
264:
261:
259:
254:
251:
248:
245:
243:
242:Eugen DĂĽhring
238:
235:
232:
231:
227:
225:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
164:
163:Paragraph 175
160:
156:
152:
151:Der Sozialist
148:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
126:volcanologist
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
96:Occupation(s)
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:German Empire
78:
68:
64:
60:
56:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
363:
356:
338:
332:
300:
294:
288:
281:
275:
265:
255:
249:
239:
233:
217:
215:
172:
150:
146:
139:
109:
105:
104:
71:(1908-06-21)
69:21 June 1908
427:1908 deaths
417:1866 births
283:Beleuchtung
256:Der Vulkan
195:transgender
191:Max Stirner
175:Adolf Brand
118:sociologist
88:Nationality
51:8 July 1866
512:Masculists
411:Categories
260:auf Hawaii
222:Greek love
199:André Gide
187:Oddfellows
114:sexologist
77:Schöneberg
47:1866-07-08
497:LGBT Jews
130:physicist
122:economist
398:Archived
308:See also
110:Benedikt
258:Kilauea
203:Corydon
183:Eigenen
375:
345:
142:Berlin
128:, and
91:German
55:Berlin
325:Notes
228:Works
173:With
147:Kampf
373:ISBN
343:ISBN
136:Life
66:Died
41:Born
224:".
157:'s
413::
367:.
244:'s
170:.
132:.
124:,
120:,
116:,
79:,
57:,
381:.
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
