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has effects on reducing these symptoms in the general population. These issues count among the most common among most of the population. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18.1% of the population every year. A 2010 review suggested that exercise generally improved sleep for most people, and may help with insomnia, but there is insufficient evidence to draw detailed conclusions about the relationship between exercise and sleep. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that physical activity has little association with sleep in healthy children. However, there have been several research findings indicating that certain forms of physical activity can improve the quality and duration of sleep. In fact, a 2019 study at The
Federal University of SĂŁo Paulo concluded that moderate physical activity resulted in an increase in sleep efficiency and duration in adults diagnosed with
570:. There is a dose-response relationship between increased physical activity and the risk of stroke. Being physically active before a stroke is associated with decreased admission stroke severity and improved post-stroke outcomes. Research indicates that individuals who engage in regular physical activity before experiencing a stroke demonstrate fewer stroke symptoms, smaller infarct volumes in ischemic strokes, smaller hematoma volumes in intracerebral hemorrhages, and higher post-stroke survival rates. Being physically active after a stroke is associated with improved recovery and function.
497:. One study of heart failure patients found that aerobic exercise (walking or cycling) at 60–70% of heart rate reserve 3–5 times per week for over 3 years led to improved health and overall quality of life (determined by a self-reported Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, a 23-question disease-specific questionnaire). Other studies have shown that exercise-based rehabilitation at a moderate intensity in heart failure patients improves cardiorespiratory fitness and increases both exercise endurance capacity and VO2max (12–31% increase).
447:, blood pressure, and HDL levels. These data indicate exercise, independent of changes in body mass, results in significant improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health. Although a detailed analysis of the vast impact of diet on cardiometabolic health is outside the scope of this review, the importance of diet and exercise in tandem should not be ignored, as many studies have shown that cardiometabolic health is improved to a higher extent in response to a combined diet and exercise programs compared to either intervention alone.
451:
LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, and C-reactive protein concentrations, all risk factors associated with CVD. In overweight individuals, 7–9 months of low-intensity exercise (walking ~19 km per week at 40–55% VO2peak) significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness compared to sedentary individuals. Together these data indicate that exercise interventions decrease the risk or severity of CVD in subjects who are lean, obese, or have type 2 diabetes.
489:, which resulted in a prescription for bed rest for these patients until the 1950s. However, it has now been shown that a monitored rehabilitation program using moderate-intensity exercise is safe for heart failure patients, and this has now become an important therapy for patients with heart failure. Meta-analyses and systemic reviews have shown that exercise training in heart failure patients is associated with improved quality of life, reduced risk of
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Exercise increases the chances of surviving cancer. If one exercises during the early stages of cancer treatment it may allow time to reduce the detrimental side effects of the chemotherapy. It also improves physical functions along with reducing distress and fatigue. Studies have shown that exercise
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diseases. A systematic review of 63 studies found that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improved cardiovascular function. These studies consisted of various forms of aerobic exercise at a range of intensities (from 50 to 95% VO2), over a multitude of time periods (1–47 months). Overall, exercise
450:
Exercise has a similar effect on cardiovascular improvements in lean and overweight normoglycemic subjects. In a 1-year study of non-obese individuals, a 16–20% increase in energy expenditure (of any form of exercise) with no diet intervention resulted in a 22.3% decrease in body fat mass and reduced
403:
from skeletal muscle that preserve or augment cardiovascular function. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms through which exercise promotes cardiovascular health. Regular physical exercise has several beneficial effects on overall health. While decreasing body mass and adiposity are not the
578:
Exercise triggers an increase in body temperature, and the post-exercise drop in temperature may promote falling asleep. Exercise may also reduce insomnia by decreasing arousal, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Insomnia is commonly linked with elevated arousal, anxiety, and depression, and exercise
544:
The ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence requires strong muscles, balance, and endurance. Regular physical activity or exercise helps to improve and prevent the decline of muscalking, getting up out of a chair or leaning over to pick something up. Balance problems can reduce
527:
in children, but it is equally important for older adults. Bones and muscles work together to support daily movements. Physical activity strengthens muscles. Bones adapt by building more cells, and as a result, both become stronger. Strong bones and muscles protect against injury and improve balance
472:
post-revascularization surgery. Patients who underwent 60 min of exercise per day on a cycle ergometer for 4 weeks had an increased blood flow reserve (29%) and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. A recent study provided personalized aerobic exercise rehabilitation programs for patients
505:
in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction improved VO2peak and reduced diastolic dysfunction compared to both pre-training values and compared to the MCE group. These studies indicate that both moderate and high-intensity exercise training improve cardiovascular function in heart
500:
More recent studies have examined the effects of high-intensity exercise on patients with heart failure. A recent study found that 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in heart failure patients (with reduced ejection fraction) was well-tolerated and had similar benefits compared to
426:
Regular physical exercise is associated with numerous health benefits to reduce the progression and development of diseases. Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that lifestyle interventions, including moderate exercise and a healthy diet, improve cardiovascular health in at-risk
477:
infarction for 1 year after a coronary intervention surgery. The patients who underwent the exercise rehabilitation program had increased ejection fraction (60.81 vs. 53% control group), increased exercise tolerance, and reduced cardiovascular risk factors 6 months after starting the exercise
434:
Several previous studies have investigated the effects of diet and exercise, independently or in combination, on metabolic and cardiovascular health and have determined that diet, exercise, or a combination of diet and exercise induces weight loss, decreases visceral adiposity, lowers plasma
256:,” a subcategory of physical activity, refers to planned, structured, and repetitive activities aimed at improving physical fitness and health. Insufficient physical activity is the most common health issue in the world. Staying physically active can help prevent or delay certain
390:
and its co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Exercise prevents both the onset and development of cardiovascular disease and is an important therapeutic tool to improve outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. Some benefits of exercise include enhanced
427:
populations. Individuals with metabolic syndrome who participated in a 4-month program of either a diet (caloric restriction) or exercise intervention had reduced adiposity, decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, and lower total and low-density
417:
lifestyle can be characterized by both obesity and consistently low levels of physical activity. Thus, lifestyle interventions that aim to increase physical activity and decrease obesity are attractive therapeutic methods to combat most non-congenital types of CVD.
478:
rehabilitation program. This improvement in cardiovascular health in patients with atherosclerosis or post-MI is likely the result of increased myocardial perfusion in response to exercise, however, more research is required to fully understand these mechanisms.
583:. The duration refers to the hours of sleep a person gets on a nightly basis, while the quality indicates how well or sufficient it was. Having poor sleep quality can lead to negative short-term consequences like emotional distress and performance deficits. The
600:
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primary outcomes of exercise, exercise can mediate several diseases that accompany obesity, including T2D and CVD. Several recent studies have shown that sustained physical activity is associated with decreased markers of
1312:
O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al. (July 2010). "Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study".
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independence by interfering with activities of daily living. Regular physical activity can improve balance and reduce the risk of falling. Exercising regularly has many benefits for both your physical and mental health.
412:
health, decreased risk of heart failure, and improved overall survival. There are several risk factors leading to the development and progression of CVD, but one of the most prominent is a sedentary lifestyle. A
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Antczak D, Lonsdale C, Lee J, Hilland T, Duncan MJ, Del Pozo Cruz B, et al. (June 2020). "Physical activity and sleep are inconsistently related in healthy children: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
439:, plasma glucose, HDL levels, and blood pressure, and improves VO2max. Studies have shown that exercise can improve metabolic and cardiovascular health independent of changes in body weight, including improved
554:
has the possibility to improve the chemotherapy drug uptake, thanks to the increase in peripheral circulation. This also makes changes to tumor vasculature from the increase of cardio and blood pressure.
1804:
Lang C, Brand S, Feldmeth AK, Holsboer-Trachsler E, PĂĽhse U, Gerber M (August 2013). "Increased self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity predict sleep quality among adolescents".
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Two and a half hours of moderate-intensity exercise per week is recommended for reducing the risk of health issues. However, even doing a small amount of exercise is healthier than doing none.
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and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical exercise results in numerous health benefits and is an important tool to combat
587:
issues associated with these consequences can vary between adults, adolescents, and children. Some of the long-term effects of poor sleep quality can lead to conditions like hypertension,
501:
patients who underwent moderate continuous exercise (MCE) training, including improved left ventricular remodeling and aerobic capacity. A separate study found that 4 weeks of
1464:"Pre-stroke physical activity in relation to post-stroke outcomes - linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): A scoping review"
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and physical activity play a critical role in maintaining healthy body weight, or maintaining successful weight loss. Physical activity helps control weight by using excess
300:
Some of the benefits of physical activity on brain health happen right after a session of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Benefits include improved thinking or
431:(LDL) cholesterol lipid profiles compared to the control group. Both the diet and exercise interventions improve these cardiovascular outcomes to a similar extent.
1407:"Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies"
781:"Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies"
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significantly reduced CVD-related mortality, decreased risk of MI, and improved quality of life. Another study looked specifically at patients with
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536:, an exercise that keeps the muscles around the joint strong can act like a brace that will react to movement without the use of an actual brace.
1220:
Miller R, Northey J, Toohey K (October 2020). "Physical
Exercise and Cancer: Exploring Chemotherapy Infusion as an Opportunity for Movement".
1564:"Associations of Prestroke Physical Activity With Stroke Severity and Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Compared With Ischemic Stroke"
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184:
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Che L, Li D (2017). "The
Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Biomarkers: New Insights, Recent Data, and Applications". In Xiao J (ed.).
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1613:"Prestroke physical activity is associated with admission haematoma volume and the clinical outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage"
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532:. This becomes especially important with age, as it helps to prevent falls and the broken bones that may result. For those with
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1513:"Pre-stroke Physical Activity and Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Therapeutic Relationship?"
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food. Balancing the calories consumed with the calories burned through physical activity will maintain one's weight.
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failure patients, likely related to increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation and improved aerobic capacity.
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Viktorisson A, Buvarp D, Reinholdsson M, Danielsson A, Palstam A, Stibrant
Sunnerhagen K (November 2022).
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1672:"Physical Activity Trajectories and Functional Recovery After Acute Stroke Among Adults in Sweden"
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D'Aurea CV, Poyares D, Passos GS, Santana MG, Youngstedt SD, Souza AA, et al. (2018-10-11).
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1004:"Exercise and type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms regulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle"
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for adults, and enhanced functional capacity in older adults. Regular physical activity can keep
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Buvarp D, Viktorisson A, Axelsson F, Lehto E, Lindgren L, Lundström E, et al. (May 2023).
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965:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 999. Springer. pp. 43–53.
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and coordination. In addition, active adults experience less joint stiffness and improved
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Viktorisson A, Reinholdsson M, Danielsson A, Palstam A, Sunnerhagen KS (January 2022).
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752:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 2023-08-14.
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Viktorisson A, Buvarp D, Danielsson A, Skoglund T, S Sunnerhagen K (December 2023).
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Viktorisson A, Palstam A, Nyberg F, Berg C, Lissner L, Sunnerhagen KS (May 2024).
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746:"Small amounts of exercise protect against early death, heart disease and cancer"
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Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, Mok A, Strain T, Ali S, et al. (August 2023).
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Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, Mok A, Strain T, Ali S, et al. (August 2023).
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1918:"Effects of resistance exercise training and stretching on chronic insomnia"
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International
Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport
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Buman MP, King AC (2010). "Exercise as a
Treatment to Enhance Sleep".
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Hung SH, Kramer S, Werden E, Campbell BC, Brodtmann A (2022-02-15).
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Physical activity refers to any body movement that burns calories. “
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Better Health, May 22, 2020 "Physical activity - it's important."
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1991:"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption"
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Physical activity - it's important | betterhealth.vic.gov.au
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Regular physical activity and exercise decrease the risk of
1892:"Physical Activity & Sleep: How Sleep Affects the Body"
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Routine physical activity is important for building strong
1358:"Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Stroke in Sweden"
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MentalHelp.net - An
American Addiction Centers Resource
672:"Physical activity guidelines for adults aged 19 to 64"
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Health
Harvard, May 22, 2020. "Exercise & Fitness"
1167:"Physical Activity Strengthens Your Bones and Muscles"
1117:"Effects of Exercise to Improve Cardiovascular Health"
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skills sharp with age. It can also reduce the risk of
1745:"Facts & Statistics about anxiety and depression"
1265:"Physical activity and stroke risk: a meta-analysis"
144:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1053:"Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise"
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304:for children ages 6-13, short-term reduction of
364:Frequent physical activity lowers the risk of
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382:is a complex disease that affects whole-body
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1263:Lee CD, Folsom AR, Blair SN (October 2003).
697:"How much physical activity do adults need?"
1115:Pinckard K, Baskin KK, Stanford KI (2019).
344:. Most activities burn calories, including
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1989:Medic G, Wille M, Hemels ME (2017-05-19).
1002:Stanford KI, Goodyear LJ (December 2014).
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102:Learn how and when to remove this message
1720:"Exercise and Insomnia - Natural remedy"
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830:"Let's (Tik) Talk About Fitness Trends"
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2058:CDC, May 22, 2020. "Physical Activity"
1771:American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
936:"Physical Activity and Weight Control"
422:Effect on cardiovascular risk factors
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1121:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
1057:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
142:adding citations to reliable sources
1966:"Sleep Quality vs. Sleep Quantity"
1688:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10919
1468:Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
1411:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1374:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13453
1282:10.1161/01.STR.0000091843.02517.9D
1051:Nystoriak MA, Bhatnagar A (2018).
785:British Journal of Sports Medicine
647:"Top 10 Most Common Health Issues"
591:, and even weight-related issues.
340:that would otherwise be stored as
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493:and decreased rates of long-term
235:The benefits of physical activity
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1008:Advances in Physiology Education
463:treatment for patients who have
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84:guide to writing better articles
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911:"Benefits of Physical Activity"
625:Harvard School of Public Health
481:One defining characteristic of
324:and anxiety and improve sleep.
153:"Benefits of physical activity"
129:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
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459:Exercise is also an important
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1818:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.001
1617:Stroke and Vascular Neurology
1327:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3
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1423:10.1136/bjsports-2022-105669
1222:Seminars in Oncology Nursing
797:10.1136/bjsports-2022-105669
237:range widely. Most types of
1995:Nature and Science of Sleep
1934:10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0030
1234:10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151068
971:10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_3
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1862:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101278
1197:Fall prevention task force
834:Frontiers in Public Health
758:10.3310/nihrevidence_59256
2077:Health effects by subject
1806:Physiology & Behavior
1530:10.3389/fneur.2022.804187
847:10.3389/fpubh.2022.899949
1783:10.1177/1559827610375532
1020:10.1152/advan.00080.2014
568:intracerebral hemorrhage
1630:10.1136/svn-2023-002316
1134:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00069
1070:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135
651:University of Rochester
280:, and can also relieve
2050:Exercise & Fitness
1850:Sleep Medicine Reviews
1517:Frontiers in Neurology
455:Cardiac rehabilitation
399:, and the release of
487:exercise intolerance
445:endothelial function
138:improve this article
2008:10.2147/NSS.S134864
1724:sleepfoundation.org
1574:(19): e2137–e2148.
1171:theboneandjoint.com
722:"Physical activity"
621:"Physical Activity"
441:glucose homeostasis
1480:10.2340/jrm.v53.51
589:metabolic syndrome
360:Long-term benefits
296:Immediate benefits
288:Recommended amount
284:and improve mood.
2087:Health and sports
2082:Physical exercise
2056:Physical Activity
1676:JAMA Network Open
1362:JAMA Network Open
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627:. 21 October 2012
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