Taiwanese people - Knowledge (XXG)

1208: 2615:. However, this position has faced political strain. Taiwanese Plains indigenous people who have suffered racial and cultural assimilation often despise these so called "blood nationalists", whom they view as pushing a political agenda by claiming indigenous status. Alak Akatuang, secretary of the Pingpu (Plains) Indigenous Peoples Cultural Association, said that the pan-green camp used the indigenous peoples to create a national identity for Taiwan, but the idea that Taiwanese people are not overwhelmingly descended from Han settlers was false. According to Akatuang, Taiwan's independence shouldn't be established on the idea of blood relations and these people "ignore scientific evidence because they want to believe they are different from China." This harmed the legitimacy of the Pingpu movement for recognition and reparations, and they considered it deeply insulting: "The Pingpu were the first of Taiwan's Indigenous peoples to face colonization. After the Han people came, they stole our land. They murdered our ancestors. Then after a few hundred years, they said we were the same people. Do you think a Pingpu person can accept this?" 1351:

define themselves and their language as primarily Taiwanese. The Hakka and indigenous peoples of Taiwan have also been redefined as "Taiwanese" in the following period. There have been criticisms of this movement as politically motivated. Authors such as Shih Chih-yu and Yih-jye Hwang described Taiwan's multiculturalism as a discursive construction of identity and that Taiwan identity only existed in discourse without a fixed, essential, or permanent state. There were strong political inclinations underlying both Taiwanese identity as well as pan-Chinese (Han) identity. They criticized the indigenous wing of the KMT for arguing that the Taiwanese were not Chinese and that pro-independence leaders were trying to generate a Taiwanese national consciousness through deliberately redrawing ethnic boundaries and rewriting histories. The division of Hoklo, Hakka and Mainlanders, originally introduced by the Hoklo, has gained popular support within Taiwanese society.

3256:"In order to shore up his government's legitimacy, Chiang set about turning Taiwan's inhabitants into Chinese. To use Renan's terminology, Chiang chose to re-define the concept of shared destiny to include the mainland. Streets were renamed; major thoroughfares in Taipei received names associated with the traditional Confucian virtues. The avenue passing in front of the foreign ministry en route to the presidential palace was named chieh-shou (long life), in Chiang's honor. Students were required to learn Mandarin and speak it exclusively; those who disobeyed and spoke Taiwanese, Hakka, or aboriginal tongues could be fined, slapped, or subjected to other disciplinary actions." 2560:

intermarriage between Han men and native women. Only specific cases of intermarriage are mentioned while historical accounts indicate that the majority of Han men went back to the mainland to seek marriage. The gender imbalance also only lasted until the end of the early Qing period. Due to mass migration, within a few decades, the Han population vastly outnumbered the indigenous people so that even if intermarriage did happen it would have been impossible to meet demand. The fact that indigenous tribes survived all the way up until Japanese colonization indicates that indigenous women did not marry with Han men en masse.

3380:....The government initiated educational reform in the 1950s to achieve a number of high-priority goals. First, it was done to help root out fifty years of Japanese colonial influence on the island's populace--"resinicizing" them, one might say- -and thereby guarantee their loyalty to the Chinese motherland. Second, the million mainlanders or so who had fled to Taiwan themselves had the age-old tendency of being more loyal to city, county, or province than to China as a nation. They identified themselves as Hunanese, Cantonese, or Sichuanese first, and as Chinese second. 1444: 2172: 1258:" the Taiwanese people. KMT's Taiwan Garrison Commander Chen Yi stated that after 50 years of Japanese rule, "Taiwanese customs, thought, and language would have to gradually return to that of the Chinese people". The KMT believed that a centrally controlled curriculum would forge a unified national sentiment in Taiwan. They also believed education would help build a martial spirit and stimulate enough military, economic, political, and cultural strength not only to survive, but also to recover the mainland. 2580:. The researchers suggested that this ancient Austronesian-related ancestry arose from admixture events between Han Chinese and pre-Austronesian populations (Baiyue) that occurred in mainland China. This did not rule out more recent Han Chinese and Taiwanese indigenous admixture as the wide range in the proportion of Austronesian ancestry (0.1–62%) may be attributed to more recent admixture, but only one person out of the five hundred Taiwanese Han individuals examined was grouped closer to the 2627: 1160: 1694: 2568:

ancestry, and 14.5% belonged to a third (T) group. The southern Han Chinese were descended from an admixture of northern Han Chinese and the indigenous peoples (Baiyue) of southern China. The T group individuals were genetically distinct from neighbouring Southeast Asians and Taiwanese Austronesian tribes but were similar to other southern Han Chinese. The T group individuals may have experienced evolutionary events independent from the other southern Han.

1554: 1740:). Taiwan's Austronesian speakers were traditionally distributed over much of the island's rugged central mountain range and concentrated in villages along the alluvial plains. Today, the bulk of the contemporary Taiwanese indigenous population reside in the mountains and the major cities. The total population of recognized indigenous peoples on Taiwan is approximately 533,600, or approximately 2.28% of Taiwan's population. The cities of 2095: 2062:. As of 2018, there are more than 710,000 foreign labors employed in Taiwan in both blue and white collar industries. Taiwanese society has a surprisingly high degree of diversity. According to Ethnologue, published by US-based SIL international, over 20 living languages are found on the island as of 2016. These languages are spoken by the many Austronesian and Han ethnolinguistic groups that comprise the people of Taiwan. 1289: 1411:). In one-fourth of all marriages in Taiwan today, one partner will be from another country and one out of every twelve children is born to a family of mixed parentage. As Taiwan's birthrate is among the lowest in the world, this contingent is playing an increasingly important role in changing Taiwan's demographic makeup. By 2010, this social-cultural group of people is typically known as "Taiwan's new resident" (臺灣新住民 7195: 7207: 1268:(mainlanders), who included the people who followed the KMT to Taiwan between 1945 and 1949 and their descendants. The government tended to stress provincial identities, with identification cards and passports issued until the late 1990s displaying one's ancestral province and county. During this period the terms "cooked" and "raw" Indigenous disappeared. The former "raw" Indigenous were termed 7219: 1207: 1139::3–6). Prior to Japanese rule, residents of Taiwan developed relationships based on class solidarity and social connections rather than ethnic identity. Although Han often cheated Aborigines, they also married and supported one another against other residents of the same ethnic background.{source needed} Taiwan was the site of frequent feuding based on ethnicity, lineage and place of origin ( 947: 858:. Nowadays, Taiwanese people as a demonym may broadly refer to the indigenous peoples of Kinmen and Matsu as they share the same national identity with people of Taiwan. However, the islanders of Kinmen and the Matsu may not consider the "Taiwanese" label to be accurate as they were traditionally a part of Fujian and not Taiwan, maintaining a distinctive identity from that of the Taiwanese. 33: 2955: 1110:, the Japanese, the Dutch and the Spanish. This view is generally held by Chinese Mainlanders and by people living in Taiwan (Republic of China) whose views are aligned with the Pan-Blue Coalition, who do not agree with the view that the "Taiwanese Benshengren" should be allowed to self-identify as Taiwanese, given that they are "invaders" in Taiwan, rather than "natives". 2584:(who are closer to the Taiwanese indigenous peoples than Sino-Tibetan populations). There were highly distinct patterns of genetic structure in two Taiwanese indigenous populations (Ami and Atayal) in comparison to the Taiwanese Han populations (Hakka and Hokkien). The Taiwanese Han display similar patterns of ancestry with other Sino-Tibetan populations such as the 1925:, have also likely mixed through intermarriage with lowland Indigenous as well. Hakka family trees are known for identifying the male ancestors by their ethnic Hakka heritage while leaving out information on the identity of the female ancestors. Also, during the process of intermarriage and assimilation, many of the lowland Indigenous and their families adopted 1969:). Nationalization campaigns undertaken by the KMT established an official "culture", which reflected the KMT government's own preference for what it considered authentic Chinese culture. This excluded many of the local Taiwanese practices and local cultures, including the diverse cultures brought to Taiwan by the mainlanders from all parts of China ( 2548:

way." The author, Shu-Juo Chen, called the belief that the majority of Taiwan's population have indigenous ancestry the "myth of indigenous genes." The lack of a totally complete and definite set of genetic record of Plains indigenous people, or conclusive understanding of their proto-Austronesian roots, further complicates the use of genetic data (

1383:. Although originally aimed at the successive generations of Taiwanese with mainlander ancestry, it has been further articulated by Lee and other political and social leaders to refer to any person who loves Taiwan and is committed to calling Taiwan home. Although critics have called the "New Taiwanese Concept" a political ploy to win votes from 2951: 3244:, p. 45: "One day I fell into conversation with two Americans in a jeep beside the road (in early occupied Japan), and in passing explained to them that I was not Japanese, but a Chinese from Formosa. It was something of a shock to find myself for the first time openly and proudly making this distinction" 1964:

settled first within the heart of large urban centers in Taiwan such as Taipei, Taichung, or Kaohsiung. High numbers of government officials and civil servants who followed the KMT to Taiwan and occupied the positions of the colonial government moved into the official dormitories and residences built

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has conducted annual polls on national identity since 1991. In 1991, 17.6% of respondents identified as Taiwanese (臺灣人) only, 25.5% as Chinese (中國人) only, 46.4% as both, and 10.5% declining to state. In 2000, the numbers were 36.9% Taiwanese, 12.5% Chinese, 44.1% both and 6.5% declining. In 2008,

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The new KMT concluded that it must "Sinicize" Taiwan if it were ever to unify mainland China. Textbooks were designed to teach young people the dialect of North China as a national language. Pupils also were taught to revere Confucian ethics, to develop Han Chinese nationalism, and to accept Taiwan

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The complete number of Taiwanese Australians is unknown since the Australian Census only records foreign ethnicities for the first two generations (i.e. the number of 3rd-gen Taiwanese Australians and beyond is unknown). However, it is known that there are around 45,000–55,000 Taiwanese Australians

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is often posed as either an exclusive Taiwanese identity separate from Chinese national identity, or a Taiwanese identity within a pan-Chinese national identity. Since democratization, there has been an increase in those identifying exclusively as Taiwanese, with those identifying as Taiwanese and

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Among the first things that the Chinese government did after taking over Taiwan was first to "de-Japanize" and then to "Sinicize" Taiwanese culture. The cultural policies of Sinicizing Taiwan in the postwar period intensified when the Chinese Nationalist Party government lost the civil war against

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A 2009 doctoral dissertation questions Lin's findings and claims that "the great number of Han immigrants after the 18th century is the main reason to consider that the early genetic contribution from Plains Indigenes to Taiwanese Han has been largely diluted and no longer exists in any meaningful

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Within the Taiwanese Han Hoklo community itself, differences in culture indicate the degree to which mixture with aboriginals took place, with most pure Hoklo Han in Northern Taiwan having almost no Aboriginal admixture, which is limited to Hoklo Han in Southern Taiwan. Plains aboriginals who were

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In 2006, Wu Nai-teh of Academia Sinica said that "many Taiwanese are still confused about identity, and are easily affected by political, social, and economic circumstances." However, since then the sense of a collective Taiwanese identity has continued to increase despite fluctuations in support

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The campaign saw resonance with the people of Taiwan and the term "Taiwanese" has been used by politicians of all parties to refer to the electorate in an effort to secure votes. The concept of a separate Taiwanese identity has become such an integral factor to the election culture in Taiwan, that

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Despite the wide use of the "four great ethnic groups" in public discourse as essentialized identities, the relationships between the peoples of Taiwan have been in a constant state of convergence and negotiation for centuries. According to Harrel and Huang, the distinction between non-aboriginal

1187:) based on the notion of race to separate and define groups of subjects. From within the group of "non-Japanese" the government divided Han citizens into "Han" and "Hakka" based on their perception of linguistic and cultural differences. The Japanese also maintained the Qing era classification of 1879:

and (Taiwanese) Hoklo, and the Aboriginal communities' effective KMT networks contribute to Aboriginal skepticism against the DPP and the Indigenous tendency to vote for the KMT. Some aboriginal representatives such as May Chin, also known as Kao Chin Su-mei, ridiculed the "Han-native" Taiwanese

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as the national language and narratives of Han colonization of Taiwan. As a result, the Hoklo became more supportive of a multicultural policy that focused on equality of languages and ethnicty. However others were skeptical and said that the Hoklo do not have a strong ethnic identity since they

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between "short-route" and "long-route". The ethnic identity of assimilated Plains Aboriginals in the immediate vicinity of Tainan was still known since a pure Hoklo Taiwanese girl was warned by her mother to stay away from them. The insulting name "fan" was used against Plains Aborigines by the

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Migration to Taiwan from southern Asia began approximately 12,000 BC, but large-scale migration to Taiwan did not occur until the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century as a result of political and economic chaos in mainland China. The first large scale migration occurred as a result of the

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From 2014 to 2018 and 2020 to 2022, the number of those identifying solely as "Taiwanese" declined. Researchers analysing this phenomenon found that the performance of the ruling political party influenced the way people identified.The study found that when the Democratic Progressive Party was

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Under the KMT structure, "Taiwanese" became a strong "regional" identity. The term has often been used synonymously with "benshengren", a term which covered both Hokkien and Hakka whose ancestors arrived in Taiwan before the Japanese restrictions on immigration in 1895. "Taiwanese" was used in

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found that the Taiwanese Han shared a common genetic background with Han Chinese populations worldwide but were quite distant from Taiwanese Austronesians. The Taiwanese Han Chinese clustered into three cline groups: 5% were of northern Han Chinese ancestry, 79.9% were of southern Han Chinese

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The narrative of widespread intermarriage between Han men and indigenous women has also been challenged by Su-Jen Huang in a 2013 paper. According to Huang, intermarriage only involved a small minority of Han males. Historical sources only report men outnumbering women but not widespread

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poll found that 68% of the respondents identify themselves as "Taiwanese" while 18% would call themselves "Chinese". In 2015, a poll conducted by the Taiwan Braintrust showed that about 90 percent of the population would identify themselves as Taiwanese rather than Chinese.

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48.4% identified as Taiwanese, 4.0% as Chinese, 43.1% as both, and 4.5% declining. By 2016, 58.2% identified as Taiwanese, 3.4% as Chinese, 34.3% as both, and 4.1% declining. In 2020, 64.3% identified as Taiwanese, 2.6% as Chinese, 29.9% as both, and 3.2% declining.

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In 2023 the LA Times wrote "Taiwan's odyssey to establish its distinct identity is manifold and complex. It won't be worldwide recognition of any single component of the culture, history, politics or food that accomplishes this but a combination of them all."

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believed to have governed well, the number of people identifying solely as "Taiwanese" increased, and when the Kuomintang was believed to have governed well, the number of people expressing affiliation to a "Chinese and Taiwanese" identity increased.

876:") criteria and socio-cultural criteria. These standards are fluid and result from evolving social and political issues. The complexity resulting from competing and evolving standards is compounded by a larger dispute regarding Taiwan's identity, the 2596:. The study's conclusion was that the admixture event resulting in Island Southeast Asian (ISEA) ancestry likely occurred before the Han migration to Taiwan. Lin herself helped co-author this paper despite it contradicting her previous claims. 1039:

All people living in Taiwan (or originating from Taiwan) who identify with the "Taiwanese" nationality in some form or another, rather than with the "Chinese" nationality. These people have views which are generally aligned with those of the

1318:, the largest ethnic group in Taiwan, were allowed to articulate their own interests and the idea emerged that Taiwan should be built primarily as a Hoklo nation based on Hoklo identity and culture. They advocated for the replacement of 2024:. The job boom in the factories there has attracted an estimated 40,000 Burmese Chinese immigrants (c. 2008) which are 10% of the city's population. This is "believed to be the largest Burmese Chinese community outside of Burma." 1522:

for pro-independence political parties. This has been cited as evidence that the concept of Taiwanese identity is not the product of local political manipulation, but an actual phenomenon of ethnic and sociopolitical identities (

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by the Japanese for civil servants. The ghettoization of mainlander communities exacerbated the divisions imagined by non-mainlander groups, and stymied cultural integration and assimilation into mainstream Taiwanese culture (

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independence supporters, and advocated for unification. She criticized the Japanese colonial period, probably because of her blue-camp affiliation, but ignored the period of KMT rule under which the aboriginals also suffered.

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Only Taiwanese Indigenous peoples, who have lived in Taiwan for up to 6000 years. This definition excludes all people groups who have settled in Taiwan in "recent" history (the past 1000 years), including the Han Chinese, the

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The term "Chinese Formosans" has been used to imply Hoklo descendants, though this term has also been used to denote the Taiwanese people (whether of pure or mixed origin) in contrast to the Japanese and mountain aborigines.

1638:, rice, and sugar. However, Indigenous were not interested in developing the land and transporting settlers from Europe would be too costly. Due to the resulting labor shortage, the Dutch hired Han farmers from across the 1510:). Polls conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) in 2001 found that 70% of Taiwanese would support a name change of the country to Taiwan if the island could no longer be referred to as the Republic of China. 2575:

revealed that most Taiwanese Han had considerable proportions of Austronesian-related ancestry. However, this Austronesian-related ancestry was also observable in other Han Chinese populations in mainland China and among

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who are 1st-gen or 2nd-gen, and these people currently comprise around 90–95% of Australia's ethnically-Taiwanese population. In modern times, Australians of Taiwanese descent are mostly concentrated around the cities of

2256:, one of eight officially-recognised political parties within China (PRC) which is ultimately subservient to the CCP. Many members of this party have been Taiwanese people residing in China (PRC), i.e. "mainland China". 1929:

and Hakka family names. Much of this happened in Taiwan prior to the Japanese colonization of Taiwan, so that by the time of the Japanese colonization, most of the population that the Japanese classified as "Chinese"

1175:). Only later did the Japanese attempt to incorporate Taiwanese into the Japanese identity as "loyal subjects", but the difference between the experience of the colonized and the colonizer polarized the two groups ( 1868:

Taiwanese, and the Hoklo Taiwanese speech was forced upon Aborigines like the Pazeh. Hoklo Taiwanese has replaced Pazeh and driven it to near extinction. Aboriginal status has been requested by Plains Aboriginals.

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The majority of the population is of Chinese origin. There are about 3000000 Chinese Formosans descended from immigrants from Fukien and a further 90000 Hakka whose ancestors fled from the mainland during the

2333: 2046:; ) is a group that consists of mainly new residents, originally from other nations, who have either migrated to Taiwan or inter-married with a local Taiwanese. The majority of new residents originated from 1035:

as well as other territories controlled by the Republic of China. Many of the people living in Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu are opposed to this definition, given that they view themselves as "Chinese from Fujian

3929: 6310: 4544: 2200:) started to open factories and moved into the Mainland China for its lower labor-costs and tax-deduction policies enacted by Chinese government towards Taiwanese. Thus, manufacture-intensive cities like 2533:

analysis demonstrated that 85% of the Taiwanese Han population had some degree of aboriginal origin. However, this study was criticised by other researchers and refuted by subsequent genetic studies.

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With Taiwan's political liberalization in the 1970s and 1980s, encouraged by Taiwan's changing international status, the concept of a "Taiwanese people" became politicized by opponents of the KMT. The

2510:. The original migrations from China were male-dominated as they came as laborers under contract to the Dutch, so there is a belief in Taiwan that there was considerable intermarriage with women from 5633:

Lin, M.; Chu, C.-C.; Chang, S.-L.; Lee, H.-L.; Loo, J.-H.; Akaza, T.; Juji, T.; Ohashi, J.; Tokunaga, K. (2001), "The origin of Minnan and Hakka, the so-called "Taiwanese", inferred by HLA study",

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It is possible to find families where the older members still identify themselves as lowland aborigine, while the rest of the family may identify as Hoklo. Among the Hoklo, the common idiom, "has

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Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Yang, Jenn-Hwai; Chiang, Charleston W.K.; Hsiung, Chia-Ni; Wu, Pei-Ei; Chang, Li-Ching; Chu, Hou-Wei; Chang, Josh; Song, I-Wen; Yang, Show-Ling; Chen, Yuan-Tsong (2016-12-15).

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The increasing number of marriages between Taiwanese and other countries creates a problem for the rigid definitions of ethnic identity used by both the ROC and the PRC when discussing Taiwan (

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who regarded the KMT as an alien regime, it has remained an important factor in the dialectic between ethnic identities in Taiwan. Despite being adopted early on by former Provincial Governor

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Lo, Yun-Hua; Cheng, Hsueh-Chien; Hsiung, Chia-Ni; Yang, Show-Ling; Wang, Han-Yu; Peng, Chia-Wei; Chen, Chun-Yu; Lin, Kung-Ping; Kang, Mei-Ling; Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Chu, Hou-Wei (2021-10-01).

2850: 2552:). It is important to mention that most Taiwanese Han descend from immigrants from southern China and that the southern Han Chinese people already have ancient Austronesian admixture (see 1215:(2L) celebrated his landslide victory (65.5%) in the first-time Taipei city mayoral election in January 1951 with his supporters. Taipei has been the capital of Taiwan since December 1949. 4597: 2217:

Historically, most Taiwanese people originated from China (under regimes before the PRC). Taiwanese people (of Chinese descent) have traveled between China and Taiwan throughout history.

1656:, steadily increased into the 18th and 19th century. In time, this migration and the gradual removal of ethnic markers (coupled with the acculturation, intermarriage and assimilation of 2536:

Not long after Lin's 2007 publication, several academics pointed out errors in Lin's statistical analysis, and questioned why some of her numbers contradicted each other. Subsequent

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are known for their communities. In the 1990s, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, which had traditionally viewed themselves as separate groups, united under the singular ethnonym '

1591:(lit. extra-provincial person, sometimes translated "mainlander") Han subgroup includes and descends from the 1.2 million people who migrated to Taiwan from China between the 1830:

also adopted Chinese customs and language so as to be indistinguishable from the Han. Thus, many who categorize themselves as Hoklo have some degree of indigenous ancestry.

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According to Census data from 2010, Taiwanese Americans have the highest education level of any ethnic group in the United States, if they are not classified together with

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and "Chinese" Hakka were in truth already of mixed ancestry. Physical features of both Taiwanese aborigine and Chinese can be found amongst the Taiwanese mainstream today.

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have come to the conclusion that Taiwanese Han people are primarily of mainland Chinese descent and have only very limited genetic mixture with the indigenous population.

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deployed concepts of "Taiwanese identity" against the authoritarian KMT government, often using extreme tactics to build a short-term ethno-centric opposition to the KMT.

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It was not until the Japanese arrival in 1895 that Taiwanese first developed a collective Taiwanese identity in contrast to that of the colonizing Japanese. When the

1227:(KMT) arrival, however, social conflict erupted in the midst of rampant government corruption, soaring inflation and an increasing flow of immigrants from China (see 6581: 4536: 1171:. This duality between "one" and "other" was evident in the seven years of violence between the Japanese and groups of united anti-Japanese Han and Aborigines ( 3493: 4907: 1090:

descent (or various other ethnic ancestries) who historically colonized Taiwan or settled in Taiwan back when Taiwan was fully or partially controlled by the

7006: 4105: 1859:) refers how the Han people crossing the Taiwan Strait were mostly male, whereas their offspring would be through marriage with female Taiwanese aborigines. 6110: 3936: 4669: 6435: 6090: 4931: 4635: 3069: 2854: 2836: 2494:

The Hoklo and Hakka linguistic groups, which statistically make up the majority of Taiwan's population, can trace their historical and cultural roots to

1596: 1247: 831: 1063:. These people are commonly referred to as "Taiwanese Benshengren" within Taiwan (Republic of China), as opposed to "Taiwanese Waishengren" (which are 5698: 4611: 3633: 3303: 2483: 5605:

Lamley, Harry J. (1990). "Lineage Feuding in Southern Fujian and Eastern Guangdong under Qing Rule". In Lipman, Jonathan N.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.).

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are not descendants of Han Chinese but rather descendants of Plains indigenous peoples; and therefore Taiwan should not be considered as part of a

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based on genetics. Activists have used Lin's findings to argue the view that the majority of Taiwanese who did not descend from migrants from the

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and their families supported the nationalists and embraced the official "culture" as their own, with "national culture" being taught in school (

6038: 4366: 3335: 3220: 929:(DPP) to defuse ethnic tensions, this concept has become a dominant frame of reference for dealing with Taiwanese ethnic and national issues. 7176: 6688: 6506: 6305: 5908: 5802:

Pietrusewsky, Michael (2000), "Metric Analysis of Skeletal Remains: Methods and Applications", in Katzenberg, Anne; Saunders, Shelly (eds.),

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Fujii, Shozo (2006), "The Formation of Taiwanese Identity and the Policy of Outside Regimes", in Liao Ping-Hui; David Wang Der-Wei (eds.),

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in 1945, there was another mass migration of people from mainland China to Taiwan fleeing the communists. These migrants are known as the

3957: 3529: 6593: 6393: 6388: 6269: 6247: 6180: 5259:(1999), "Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics", in E. Zeitoun; P.J.K Li (eds.), 4567: 2900: 861:

At least three competing (occasionally overlapping) paradigms are used to identify someone as a Taiwanese person: nationalist criteria,

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How Han are Taiwanese Han? Genetic inference of Plains Indigenous ancestry among Taiwanese Han and its implications for Taiwan identity

3020: 6413: 6366: 5289: 4211: 3048: 2337: 1360: 1311::243–249). These political reforms have since been credited with the renewal of interest in Taiwanese history, culture, and identity. 1032: 1012: 847: 835: 5049: 3267: 6598: 6334: 6176: 6045: 5890: 5854: 5820: 5793: 5729: 5614: 5578: 5509: 5402: 5384: 5358: 5340: 5307: 5268: 5247: 5226: 5161: 4237: 4183: 3912: 3401: 2367: 986: 964: 116: 50: 6496: 4947:"Population structure of Han Chinese in the modern Taiwanese population based on 10,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank project" 4812: 2324:

Japanese people tend to have positive views towards Taiwanese people due to shared history, shared culture, shared values, and the

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The discrepancy in identity becomes larger when polls only give the two options of "Taiwanese" versus "Chinese". In June 2008, a

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had aggregated a significant amount of Taiwanese population, mostly Taishang and their families since then. In November 2014 the

1235::8–9). Recurrent violent suppression of dissent also played an important role in enforcing a separate sense of "Taiwanese-ness" ( 5202: 4202: 2541: 2305:, both officially and socially, and is quite close to the local Japanese population. However, controversies have arisen due to 1989:). The mainlanders used their embrace of Nationalist culture to identify themselves as the authentic Chinese people of Taiwan. 1447:

A passport issued by the Republic of China, with the word "Taiwan" in Latin script on the cover, but without the corresponding

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in southern Taiwan after expelling the Spanish. The Dutch soon realized Taiwan's potential as a colony for trading deer hide,

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In the face of the Japanese colonial hierarchy, the people of Taiwan were faced with the unequal binary relationship between

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Li, Dongna; Li, Hui; Ou, Caiying; Lu, Yan; Sun, Yuantian; Yang, Bo; Qin, Zhendong; Zhou, Zhenjian; Li, Shilin (2008-05-14).

4293: 921:(or "mainlanders"). Although the concept of the "four great ethnic groups" was alleged to be the deliberate attempt by the 5947:

Wu, David Y.H (2002), "The Construction of Chinese and Non-Chinese Identities", in Susan D. Blum; Lionel M. Jenson (eds.),

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immigrants (and sometimes also their descendants) who followed the KMT to Taiwan between 1945 and 1950. The descendants of

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prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The failed party would later evolve into the

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with the Han) resulted in the widespread adoption of Han patterns of behavior making Taiwanese Han the ethnic majority.

1604: 1503: 1491: 1472: 1343: 1231:). The latter were preferred for jobs in the civil service as opposed to Taiwanese who were regarded as "untrustworthy"( 1068: 926: 904: 886: 531: 390: 76: 4598:"ASIAN ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ONE OR MORE OTHER RACES, AND WITH ONE OR MORE ASIAN CATEGORIES FOR SELECTED GROUPS" 6588: 6491: 6225: 6200: 5984: 4602: 2511: 1827: 1657: 487: 3750: 2930: 2325: 1254:

intended to eventually return to mainland China and retake control of it. In order to do this, the KMT attempted to "

5175:"The Rise and Fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624-1662: Cooperative Colonization and the Statist Model of European Expansion" 3973: 3482: 7084: 7036: 6668: 6618: 6605: 6511: 6354: 6080: 4900: 2283: 1060: 877: 1195::8), which to the Japanese embodied the social ramification of ethnic origin and perceived loyalty to the empire ( 957: 83: 43: 7245: 7016: 6989: 6984: 6344: 6190: 6151: 5765: 4099: 3284:

as a part of China.Systematic genocide and destruction of non-Chinese ethnicities were commonplace in this period

2681: 2245: 1183:" was utilized as a tool to confirm and facilitate Japanese political policies. A system of household registers ( 1008: 819: 799: 4310:

Other top sources of Taiwan's newest citizens were Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia, in that order.

3425: 1295:

became the first president of the Republic of China to be born in Taiwan. He was democratically elected in 1996.

6752: 6678: 6501: 6428: 6210: 6205: 6156: 4673: 4126:, the population quoted was valid circa 1905 to 1915. By 1967, the population had already surpassed 13 million. 2314: 2313:, since Japan doesn't technically recognise the Republic of China on Taiwan as a legitimate country, and since 1672: 1627: 1443: 1331: 1219:

In 1945, the Taiwanese faced a new unequal binary relationship when Taiwan entered the political sphere of the

1067:

who migrated to Taiwan after 1945, as well as their descendants). This definition can also include the various

4632: 4174:

Damm, Jens (2012). "Multiculturalism in Taiwan and the Influence of Europe". In Damm, Jens; Lim, Paul (eds.).

5596:

Lamley, Harry (1981), "Sub Ethnic Rivalry in the Ch'ing Period", in Ahern, Emily Martin; Gates, Hill (eds.),

4414:"Foreign Workers for Special Professions or Technical Assignments by Permit Authority Agency and Nationality" 2298:", whose invention has been praised by Japanese people as one of the country's greatest national inventions. 1863:

mixed and assimilated into the Hoklo Han population at different stages were differentiated by the historian

1729:. Their ancestors are believed to have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major 65: 7124: 6949: 6683: 6576: 6300: 6195: 6166: 2526: 2302: 2265: 2249: 2001: 1722: 1649: 5662: 3624: 3296: 1488:

Chinese nationals have fallen and those exclusively identifying as Chinese nationals have almost vanished.

7011: 6974: 6780: 6559: 6461: 6456: 6322: 6070: 5977: 4123: 2646: 2171: 2078:, and the Indigenous communities' effective KMT networks, contribute to Indigenous skepticism against the 2005: 1819: 569: 5872:

Stone, Anne C (2002), "Ancient DNA from Skeletal Remains", in Katzenberg, Anne; Saunders, Shelly (eds.),

4438:

Gunter Schubert (2013). "Assessing political agency across the Taiwan Strait: The case of the taishang".

3992: 2394:, there are 230,382 to 919,000 people of Taiwanese descent living there. They are mostly concentrated in 2343:'s administration. This is one major reason why Japanese people tend to have favourable views of Taiwan. 7169: 7134: 6648: 6554: 6549: 6526: 6327: 6185: 6105: 6100: 4474: 4041: 4012: 3688: 3657: 3392:

Edmondson, Robert (2002). "The February 28 Incident and National Identity". In Corcuff, Stéphane (ed.).

2676: 2454: 2222: 1534: 1468: 1380: 1132: 327: 4070: 2160:

but are of Taiwanese ancestry or descent. Overseas Taiwanese may live in other territories such as the

5881:

Stainton, Michael (1999), "The Politics of Taiwan Aboriginal Origins", in Murray A. Rubinstein (ed.),

3136: 7129: 7104: 7001: 6295: 6033: 5496: 5477:

Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars, Washington, D.C., July 17

5423: 5217:

Bellwood, Peter (2000), "Formosan Pre-History and Austronesian Dispersal", in Blundell, David (ed.),

4846: 4728: 2589: 2577: 2464: 2306: 1993: 1823: 1506:, over 50% of the respondents considered themselves "Taiwanese" only, up from less than 20% in 1991 ( 1368: 1228: 1188: 1072: 901: 385: 4652: 4358: 1159: 7059: 7021: 6996: 6860: 6832: 6471: 6466: 6317: 6161: 6134: 6075: 6065: 3331: 3210: 2460: 2422: 2379: 2351: 2279: 1327: 1045: 1041: 890: 866: 827: 164: 7206: 1850: 1693: 758: 645: 7139: 7094: 6927: 6840: 6658: 6628: 6274: 6252: 5690: 5439: 5194: 4752: 4455: 4274: 4153: 3375: 2976: 2851:"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 2732: 2656: 2604: 2126: 1961: 1592: 1212: 1049: 871: 807: 626: 618: 362: 309: 294: 5589:

Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity Based Movement of Plains Indinenous in Taiwan

5375:

Corcuff, Stéphane (2002), "Taiwan's "Mainlanders", New Taiwanese?", in Stéphane Corcuff (ed.),

2515: 1573:

in large numbers starting in the 17th century. A significant minority of the Han group are the

1553: 7223: 7144: 7074: 7051: 6954: 6932: 6922: 6895: 6890: 6719: 6673: 6610: 6571: 6541: 6404: 6257: 6050: 6017: 5904: 5886: 5850: 5816: 5789: 5738:

Marsh, Robert (2002), "National Identity and Ethnicity in Taiwan", in Stephane Corcuff (ed.),

5725: 5682: 5650: 5610: 5574: 5542:

Gates, Hill (1981), "Ethnicity and Social Class", in Ahern, Emily Martin; Gates, Hill (eds.),

5505: 5447: 5411: 5398: 5380: 5354: 5336: 5303: 5285: 5264: 5243: 5222: 5157: 5041: 5023: 4984: 4966: 4925: 4882: 4864: 4744: 4233: 4179: 3954: 3908: 3755: 3517: 3397: 3063: 2830: 2746: 2608: 2530: 2428: 2410: 2385: 2318: 1799: 1702: 1664: 1600: 1484: 1243: 1124: 1120: 823: 803: 683: 553: 545: 299: 90: 3571: 2890: 896:

According to government figures, over 95% of Taiwan's population of 23.4 million consists of

7149: 7069: 6865: 6743: 6730: 6638: 6623: 6361: 5717: 5674: 5642: 5431: 5277: 5186: 5031: 5015: 4974: 4958: 4872: 4854: 4736: 4713: 4447: 4266: 4145: 3579: 3010: 2585: 2438: 2399: 2132: 2017: 1982: 1864: 1676: 1577:, who comprise about 15% of the total population. The Hakkas emigrated chiefly from eastern 1319: 1300: 1064: 815: 452: 5813:

Between Assimilation and Independence: The Taiwanese Encounter Nationalist China, 1945-1950

2214:

cited an estimate of 1 million Taiwanese living within China (PRC), i.e. "mainland China".

7199: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7089: 7041: 6979: 6937: 6900: 6885: 6875: 6870: 6850: 6815: 6810: 6486: 6423: 6060: 5917: 5747:

Martin, Howard (1996), "The Hakka Ethnic Movement in Taiwan", in Constable, Nicole (ed.),

5455: 4639: 4206: 3999: 3980: 3961: 3271: 2691: 2671: 2363: 2271: 2230: 2071: 1997: 1771: 1706: 1464: 1251: 1091: 1079: 1016: 922: 843: 716: 517: 420: 304: 5646: 1898:

Taiwan's Hakka people descend largely from Hakka who migrated from southern and northern

1426: 501: 5483:

Ebrey, Patricia (1996), "Surnames and Han Chinese Identity", in Melissa J. Brown (ed.),

5427: 4850: 4804: 4732: 3570:

Wang, Austin Horng-En; Yeh, Yao-Yuan; Wu, Charles K.S.; Chen, Fang-Yu (April 21, 2023).

7159: 7099: 7078: 7031: 6880: 6855: 6653: 6476: 6283: 5838: 5492: 5121: 5082: 5036: 4979: 4946: 4877: 4835:"Paternal Genetic Structure of Hainan Aborigines Isolated at the Entrance to East Asia" 4834: 4331: 2757: 2520: 2355: 2295: 1834: 1718: 1631: 1288: 1099: 822:. The term generally applies to inhabitants on the island of Taiwan who share a common 680: 3598: 2094: 7239: 7211: 7164: 7064: 6942: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6845: 6805: 6339: 6095: 6055: 5777: 5282:

Is Taiwan Chinese?: The Impact of Culture, Power and Migration of Changing Identities

5198: 5170: 4459: 4278: 4254: 2768: 2651: 2632: 2612: 2499: 2391: 2291: 2021: 1943: 1889: 1777: 1639: 1582: 1448: 1335: 1107: 1028: 1024: 897: 855: 562: 380: 5963: 5694: 5261:

Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics

5174: 4756: 4199: 1607:

comprises about 2.3% of the population and have inhabited the island for millennia.

5782: 5256: 5235: 3215: 2666: 2661: 2593: 2581: 2340: 2290:, many Taiwanese people have been living in Japan for several generations, such as 2226: 2210: 2075: 1978: 1974: 1931: 1926: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1787: 1781: 1749: 1745: 1620: 1616: 1574: 1566: 1561:

According to governmental statistics, over 95% of Taiwan's 23.4 million people are

1538: 1460: 1456: 1392: 1364: 1339: 1323: 1315: 1292: 1128: 1095: 1083: 912: 908: 862: 748: 635: 459: 352: 337: 5323: 2225:

was signed, with Taiwan (previously a Chinese province/prefecture) being ceded by

1338:

as representative of culture. This was opposed by other ethnic groups such as the

5678: 4859: 3907:(Chinese-English bilingual ed.). Nantou City: Taiwan Historica. p. 52. 2370:

outside of Taiwan/China), was also born to a Japanese mother and Chinese father.

6820: 5758:

Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and The Search for a New Taiwan

3394:

Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan

3087: 2537: 2059: 1947: 1844: 1733: 1730: 1714: 1587: 1562: 1388: 1264: 1056: 946: 917: 811: 701: 673: 32: 4413: 4388: 6521: 5712:

Makeham, John (2005), "Introduction", in Makeham, John; Hsiau, A-chin (eds.),

5086: 4776: 4416:. Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor Republic of China (Taiwan). 4391:. Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor Republic of China (Taiwan). 3719: 3583: 2810: 2622: 2395: 2234: 1741: 1668: 1395:(1999), the term has since been dropped from contemporary political rhetoric ( 1224: 5027: 5019: 4970: 4868: 4451: 3552: 5714:

Cultural, Ethnic, and Political Nationalism in Contemporary Taiwan: Bentuhua

4740: 4389:"Foreign Workers in Productive Industries and Social Welfare by Nationality" 2507: 2475: 2286:". Due to this period of close administrative connection between Taiwan and 2051: 1918: 1899: 1807: 1578: 1307:

identifying as a Taiwanese has become essential to being elected in Taiwan (

1087: 583: 357: 17: 5686: 5654: 5626:

When the Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-Pa-Ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan

5459: 5451: 5367:

Corcuff, Stéphane (2000), "Taiwan's "Mainlanders": A New Ethnic Category",

5045: 4988: 4886: 4748: 5721: 5190: 4270: 3751:"'Made in Taiwan' is the cookbook that couldn't have existed 20 years ago" 2924: 1818:). The Hoklos account for about 70% of the total population today. During 7154: 6481: 5901:

Taiwan's Imagined Geography:Chinese Travel Writing and Pictures 1683-1895

5003: 4962: 3417: 3015:[Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council] 2895:[Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council] 2471: 2359: 2310: 2301:

The Taiwanese community in Japan tends to be treated separately from the

2205: 2196: 2189: 2176: 2055: 1957: 1803: 1255: 604: 473: 332: 3347:...efforts of the government of Chiang Kai-shek to resinicize the island 5535:

Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945:History, Culture, Memory

5443: 5004:"Detecting Genetic Ancestry and Adaptation in the Taiwanese Han People" 4157: 4136:

Gordon, Leonard (May 1968). "American Planning for Taiwan, 1942-1945".

2495: 2442: 2347: 2238: 2201: 2047: 1726: 1645: 1635: 1347: 971: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 882: 755: 642: 5331:

Constable, Nicole (1996), "Introduction", in Constable, Nicole (ed.),

2599:

Nevertheless, Lin's early research has been continuously used by many

1078:

All people who have historically lived in Taiwan, including people of

6000: 4215: 3720:"'We are Taiwan': French documentary tracks shifting Taiwan identity" 3122:"An Examination of Cultural Identity of Residents of Quemoy (Kinmen)" 2735: 2553: 2503: 2502:

speaking peoples from China, predominantly the southern provinces of

2479: 2434: 2275: 2165: 2157: 2149: 2037: 1922: 1815: 1811: 1795: 1791: 1653: 1612: 1570: 1416: 1220: 1184: 1168: 1052:(which includes most of the inhabitants of Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu). 1020: 851: 839: 342: 5966:, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State 5435: 5395:

A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology

4149: 3297:"Cultural, Ethnic, And Political Nationalism In Contemporary Taiwan" 5219:

Austronesian Taiwan: Linguistics, History, Ethnology and Prehistory

3553:"Why is the number of people identifying as 'Taiwanese' declining?" 1917:

communities, although arriving to Taiwan from mountains of eastern

5969: 4169: 4167: 2403: 2287: 2170: 1692: 1552: 1442: 1287: 1206: 5865:

Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier 1600-1800

5740:

Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and A New Taiwan

4324:"Foreign, mainland spouses of locals to be called 'new residents" 4013:"Pazeh writers get awards for preserving language - Taipei Times" 1585:, and originally took up residence in hilly areas. The so-called 5903:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Harvard University Asia Center, 5377:

Memories of the Future:National Identity Issues and A New Taiwan

1992:

In addition to the Han people, there were also small numbers of

1652:

in which he expelled the Dutch. Migration of male laborers from

1514: 838:

of the government were limited to the main island of Taiwan and

6705: 6242: 6129: 6015: 5973: 4537:"Renho nationality accusations spur debate on dual citizenship" 4071:"Pingpu activists demand government recognition - Taipei Times" 3658:"Support for Taiwanese independence, identity: think tank poll" 1003:" has multiple meanings and can refer to one of the following: 933:

Taiwanese groups are "no longer definitive in cultural terms".

5319:

Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas

4475:"2014 ELECTIONS: Chinese officials aiding KMT voters: sources" 2089: 940: 688: 26: 5784:

A Taste of Freedom: Memoirs of a Formosan Independence Leader

3483:"Gender Imbalances and the Twisted Marriage Market in Taiwan" 2354:

in Taiwan, was born to a Japanese mother and Chinese father.

777: 763: 664: 650: 2540:

studies using large sample sizes and comparing thousands of

5949:

China Off Center: Mapping the Margins of the Middle Kingdom

5716:(1 ed.), New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–14, 5560:

Harrell, Stevan; Huang, Chun-chieh (1994), "Introduction",

4805:"DNA Analysis Reveals Taiwanese Have Ancestors on Mainland" 4255:"Negotiating Ethnicity: Burmese Chinese Migrants in Taiwan" 3814: 3812: 3799: 3797: 828:

Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, or indigenous Taiwanese languages

5475:

Dreyer, June Teufel (2003), "Taiwan's Evolving Identity",

5788:, Chicago, New York, London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 4695: 4693: 3211:"Cases of mistaken identity perplexing Lienchiang County" 1623:, which was established in 1644 and remained until 1911. 623: 609: 595: 5284:, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 5221:, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 4506:"Instant Ramen Is Japan's Greatest Invention Says Japan" 1981:

of Taiwan, who felt excluded by the new government, the

1367:

in 1995 to bridge the ethnic cleavage that followed the

814:. The term also refers to natives or inhabitants of the 5607:

Violence in China: Essays in Culture and Counterculture

2106: 2082:(DPP) and the Indigenous tendency to vote for the KMT. 1371:

of 1947 and characterized the frigid relations between

5663:"Aboriginal Fractions: Enumerating Identity in Taiwan" 5353:(Fourth ed.), Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 4642:, Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, Taiwan, 2010 2772: 2739: 2184:

Taiwanese living in China (People's Republic of China)

1565:, of which the majority includes descendants of early 907:. The Han are often divided into three subgroups: the 3718:

Ting-hsuan, Tseng; Yen-hsiang, Chao (28 March 2023).

2750: 2221:

also have a minor presence in China (PRC). After the

2144:: 海外臺灣人), also called "people of Taiwanese descent" ( 1359:

The term "New Taiwanese" (新臺灣人) was coined by former

550: 536: 522: 506: 492: 478: 464: 1648:

brought along many more Chinese settlers during the

1642:

who fled the Manchu invasion of Ming dynasty China.

1015:. This definition includes people living outside of 7050: 6967: 6831: 6779: 6772: 6729: 6540: 6449: 6402: 6267: 6144: 5414:(1903), "The Island of Formosa, Past and Present", 4042:"Pazeh poets honored at ceremony - Taipei Times we" 2270:From 1895 until 1945, Taiwan was controlled by the 2194:

Starting the 1980s, some Taiwanese businesspeople (

1541:explored the current state of Taiwanese identity. 1391:(1997) and later by, then Taipei mayoral candidate 771: 754: 747: 742: 724: 708: 700: 679: 672: 658: 641: 634: 617: 603: 589: 582: 574: 568: 561: 544: 530: 516: 500: 486: 472: 458: 451: 446: 428: 412: 403: 371: 318: 285: 277: 269: 261: 253: 245: 237: 229: 221: 213: 205: 197: 189: 181: 173: 163: 155: 150: 140: 57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5781: 5609:. Albany, New York: State University of New York. 4104:. Vol. 3. Pergamon Press. 1967. p. 438. 3019:. Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2011-09-01. 2899:. Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2017-09-01. 2070:The deep-rooted hostility between Indigenous and ( 5942:, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press 5931:The Political Socialization of Children in Taiwan 3396:. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. pp. 34–42. 2952:"Places of Birth, 2011 National Household Survey" 2336:, donating US$ 252 million in combined aid under 1615:invasion and conquest of China, overthrowing the 5756:Morris, Andrew (2002), Corcuff, Stephane (ed.), 1802:and mostly originated from Fujian (specifically 1603:in 1949. The non-Han Austronesian population of 5749:Guest People:Hakka Identity in China and Abroad 5553:Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers 5333:Guest People:Hakka Identity in China and Abroad 5316:Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan, 3518:"Taiwanese / Chinese Identity(1992/06~2020/12)" 2309:of ethnic-Taiwanese politicians in Japan, e.g. 1019:, including the peoples of the archipelagos of 5122:"The Siraya's Fight for Recognition in Taiwan" 1322:, removal of geography lessons focused on the 1314:After the lifting of martial law in 1987, the 1048:and whose views are aligned with those of the 1044:. This definition excludes people who support 846:in 1945, along with a few outlying islands in 5985: 5922:Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization 5874:Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton 5804:Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton 2724: 2241:community of Taiwanese in China was created. 1753: 1061:life under Japanese colonial rule (in Taiwan) 842:, whose administration were transferred from 730: 714: 434: 418: 8: 5397:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 3319:the Red Army and retreated to Taiwan in 1949 3196: 3081: 3079: 135: 5571:Contemporary Taiwanese Cultural Nationalism 5485:Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan 5335:, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 5263:, Taipei: Academia Sinica, pp. 31–94, 3937:Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan 2761: 2334:the most prominent humanitarian contributor 1709:. They speak languages that belongs to the 1013:the Taiwan (+ Streamlined Fujian) Free Area 1007:All citizens of the Republic of China with 6776: 6702: 6239: 6126: 6012: 5992: 5978: 5970: 5422:(4), London and New York: Macmillan: 452, 4712:The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium (2009). 4232:. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. 3818: 3803: 3788: 3776: 3115: 3113: 2981:. Ministry of Justice, Japan. 2016-12-01. 2433:There are over 91,000 Taiwanese people in 1557:"Beauty of Taiwan" per caption, circa 1900 739: 443: 134: 5751:, Seattle: University of Washington Press 5555:, Seattle: University of Washington Press 5116: 5114: 5035: 4978: 4876: 4858: 4714:"Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia" 3418:"New National Identity Emerges in Taiwan" 1196: 987:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 5938:Wolf, Arthur; Huang, Chieh-shan (1980), 5933:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press 3890: 3842: 3830: 3358: 2348:Zheng Cheng-gong (also known as Koxinga) 2254:Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League 2156:), are people who are living outside of 1759: 1721:closely related to the ethnic groups of 1697:A group of Taiwanese indigenous children 1232: 1158: 1148: 3866: 3184: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2802: 2709: 2016:Burmese Chinese have settled mostly in 1970: 1599:following the communist victory in the 1523: 1431: 1408: 1396: 1308: 5628:, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 4930:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4923: 4473:Shih, Hsiao-kuang (16 November 2014). 4178:. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. p. 95. 3878: 3253: 3160: 3088:"Study explores the 'Kinmen Identity'" 3068:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3061: 2835:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2828: 2066:Enmity between ethnic groups on Taiwan 1986: 1507: 1163:Taiwanese in the Japanese colonial era 1144: 1140: 1136: 625: 552: 400: 6507:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity 5598:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society 5544:The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society 5537:, New York: Columbia University Press 5470:, Berkeley: Stanford University Press 5468:The Discourse of Race in Modern China 4781:(Ph.D. thesis). Stanford University. 4770: 4768: 4766: 4485:from the original on 29 November 2014 4369:from the original on 3 September 2017 3854: 3172: 2687:National identification card (Taiwan) 2549: 1966: 1737: 1701:Taiwanese indigenous peoples are the 1630:established an outpost in modern-day 1527: 1479:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity 1236: 1192: 1176: 7: 6517:Special non-state-to-state relations 5951:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press 5647:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057003192.x 5487:, Berkeley: University of California 5242:, Amsterdam: John Benjamin's Press, 4785:from the original on 14 October 2013 4608:United States Department of Commerce 4578:from the original on January 8, 2019 4535:Shusuke, Murai (September 7, 2016). 4338:from the original on 21 January 2021 3576:Journal of Asian and African Studies 3469: 3457: 3445: 3270:. Hoover Institution. Archived from 3241: 3098:from the original on 4 November 2011 2437:, mainly living in the provinces of 2315:Japan doesn't allow dual-citizenship 1172: 1131:'s ceding of Taiwan to Japan in the 969:adding citations to reliable sources 151:Regions with significant populations 55:adding citations to reliable sources 5564:, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press 5498:The Republic of China Yearbook 2014 5369:China Perspectives no.28 April–June 5128:from the original on 20 August 2022 5099:from the original on 22 August 2009 5069: 4699: 4568:"Intricate bonds behind Taiwan aid" 4547:from the original on April 21, 2020 3572:"Why does Taiwan Identity decline?" 3129:Intercultural Communication Studies 2374:Taiwanese Americans (United States) 2326:close ties between Taiwan and Japan 1439:Current state of Taiwanese identity 1119:The earliest notion of a Taiwanese 1033:Fujian Province (Republic of China) 1017:Taiwan Province (Republic of China) 5770:Chinese:Cambridge Language Surveys 4300:from the original on 27 April 2017 4212:Overseas Community Affairs Council 3730:from the original on 29 March 2023 3689:"'Taiwan identity' growing: study" 3668:from the original on 13 April 2016 3223:from the original on 16 March 2009 3086:di Genova, Trista (11 July 2007). 2817:from the original on 29 March 2014 2482:, with significant populations in 2330:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 2183: 1875:The deep-rooted hostility between 1537:" (French for "We are Taiwan") by 1361:President of the Republic of China 832:ROC government's retreat to Taiwan 25: 5562:Cultural Change in Postwar Taiwan 5504:. Government Information Office. 5351:Taiwan: Nation State or Province? 4516:from the original on June 7, 2019 4357:Chou, Christine (21 April 2017). 4228:Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan (2021). 3940:]. (in Chinese and Hokkien). 3532:from the original on 6 March 2021 3266:Myers, Ramon H.; Hsiao-ting Lin. 2954:. Statistics Canada. 2013-05-08. 2929:. United Daily News. 2019-12-17. 2725: 1856:Ū Tn̂g-soaⁿ kong, bô Tn̂g-soaⁿ má 1115:The history of Taiwanese identity 1059:descent) whose ancestors endured 806:(ROC) and those who reside in an 7217: 7205: 7194: 7193: 6436:List of administrative divisions 5154:Tiawans cultures and communities 4294:"Say hello to the new Taiwanese" 3699:from the original on 15 May 2012 3551:Thomson, Jono (March 16, 2023). 2625: 2248:was closely affiliated with the 2093: 1902:to Taiwan around the end of the 1055:All people living in Taiwan (of 945: 31: 7218: 5701:from the original on 2021-06-24 5521:from the original on 2017-08-20 5205:from the original on 2021-06-02 5052:from the original on 2023-04-11 5008:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4913:from the original on 2023-03-05 4815:from the original on 2016-10-24 4420:from the original on 2018-09-05 4395:from the original on 2018-09-02 4176:European perspectives on Taiwan 4108:from the original on 1 May 2016 4081:from the original on 2016-08-12 4052:from the original on 2016-03-03 4023:from the original on 2016-03-03 3639:from the original on 2008-06-26 3605:from the original on 7 May 2021 3597:Michael Bristow (17 May 2002). 3499:from the original on 2009-01-07 3428:from the original on 2009-02-10 3338:from the original on 2014-07-26 3309:from the original on 2015-09-24 3026:from the original on 2016-02-15 2985:from the original on 2017-05-24 2958:from the original on 2016-05-13 2933:from the original on 2020-02-07 2906:from the original on 2017-10-16 2773: 2762: 2751: 2740: 2542:single nucleotide polymorphisms 1855: 1042:Pan-Green (Political) Coalition 956:needs additional citations for 778: 764: 689: 665: 651: 624: 610: 596: 575: 129:Citizens or residents of Taiwan 42:needs additional citations for 5940:Marriage and Adoption in China 5885:, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc, 5393:Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1999), 4504:Kaufman, Noah (July 7, 2015). 2366:(arguably the most well-known 2042: 1842: 1549:Major socio-cultural subgroups 1421: 1050:Pan-Blue (Political) Coalition 830:as a mother tongue. After the 731: 715: 551: 537: 523: 507: 493: 479: 465: 435: 419: 310:Indigenous Taiwanese languages 1: 6029:Timeline of Taiwanese history 5815:, Stanford University Press, 5551:Harrell, Stevan, ed. (1995), 4633:Numbers of Overseas Taiwanese 4566:Ko, Shu-ling (May 21, 2011). 3942:Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 3905:The Concise History of Taiwan 3749:Lin, Eddie (31 August 2023). 3687:Chang, Rich (12 March 2006). 3209:Huang, Sandy (6 April 2003). 2484:other major Australian cities 2250:Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1837:father, no Tangshan mother" ( 1223:(ROC). Shortly following the 1191:as either "raw" or "cooked" ( 836:actual-controlled territories 6794:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 6532:Taiwan independence movement 5876:, New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc. 5811:Phillips, Steven E. (2003), 5806:, New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc. 5772:, Cambridge University Press 5679:10.1080/01459740.2011.630333 4860:10.1371/journal.pone.0002168 4670:"CIC Facts and Figures 2009" 4653:"CIC Facts and Figures 2003" 4292:News staff (23 April 2017). 3526:National Chengchi University 3135:(1): 136–137. Archived from 2642:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 2368:Taiwanese and ROC politician 2219:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples 2080:Democratic Progressive Party 1877:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples 1711:Austronesian language family 1689:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 1605:Taiwanese Indigenous peoples 1569:immigrants who arrived from 1504:Democratic Progressive Party 1492:National Chengchi University 1473:Taiwan independence movement 1344:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 1069:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 927:Democratic Progressive Party 905:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 391:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 6689:Water supply and sanitation 5929:Wilson, Richard W. (1970), 5867:, Stanford University Press 5600:, Stanford University Press 5591:, New York: Routledge Press 5573:, London: Routledge Press, 5546:, Stanford University Press 5152:Anderson, Benedict (1983), 4603:United States Census Bureau 4253:Hsin-chun Tasaw Lu (2008). 4230:The Great Exodus from China 2853:. US Census. Archived from 2032:Taiwan Hsin Chu-min (臺灣新住民 2028:New residents or immigrants 1758:' or 'Indigenous peoples' ( 1736:began in the 17th century ( 1595:in 1945 to the Nationalist 865:(including the concept of " 7262: 7007:Inventions and discoveries 6512:Political status of Taiwan 6081:Taiwan under Japanese rule 5899:Teng, Emma Jinhua (2004), 4322:News staff (22 May 2012). 4296:. Taiwan: The China Post. 3599:"Taiwan's identity crisis" 3586:– via Sage Journals. 3197:Harrell & Huang (1994) 2720:Traditional Chinese script 2458: 2452: 2426: 2420: 2383: 2377: 2263: 2187: 2162:People's Republic of China 2130: 2124: 2036:"New Residents in Taiwan" 1941: 1887: 1775: 1769: 1686: 1476: 1454: 1415:"New Residents in Taiwan" 1330:, historical focus on the 1211:Non-Kuomintang politician 878:political status of Taiwan 7189: 6701: 6238: 6125: 6024: 6011: 5863:Shepherd, John R (1993), 5661:Liu, Jennifer A. (2012), 5302:, London, UK: Routledge, 4138:Pacific Historical Review 3584:10.1177/00219096231168068 3268:"Starting Anew on Taiwan" 2704:Words in native languages 2682:Taiwanese nationality law 2512:Plains indigenous peoples 2246:Taiwanese Communist Party 2175:Chinese Taipei School in 1906:and the beginning of the 1754: 1346:who fought against using 1179::70–73). The concept of " 1123:emerged in the form of a 789: 738: 442: 408: 376: 323: 290: 145: 6502:One Country on Each Side 6414:Administrative divisions 5842: 5466:Dikotter, Frank (1992), 5416:The Geographical Journal 5240:Austronesian Root Theory 5179:Journal of World History 5087: 4951:Human Molecular Genetics 4452:10.1177/0920203X12470319 4259:Journal of Burma Studies 4101:Chambers's Encyclopaedia 3930: 3625: 3332:"Searching for the Past" 3011: 2977: 2926:這兩大因素影響去年赴中國工作人數創近11年新低 2925: 2891: 2164:and are not necessarily 1628:Dutch East India Company 1332:Second Sino-Japanese War 1280:(Mountain Compatriots). 937:Definitions of Taiwanese 891:Cross-Strait Unification 710:Traditional Chinese 414:Traditional Chinese 6684:Uniform Invoice lottery 6599:State-owned enterprises 6372:Office of the President 5924:, New York: M.E. Sharpe 5760:, New York: M.E. Sharpe 5379:, London: M.E. Sharpe, 5300:The Location of Culture 5298:Bhabha, Homi K (1994), 4741:10.1126/science.1177074 3120:Wei, Jian-Feng (2006). 2527:human leukocyte antigen 2303:Chinese (PRC) community 2296:instant ramen (noodles) 2266:Chinese people in Japan 2008:among the Waishengren. 1723:Maritime Southeast Asia 1669:Kuomintang nationalists 1650:Siege of Fort Zeelandia 1073:ethnically Austronesian 1031:, collectively part of 726:Simplified Chinese 430:Simplified Chinese 6644:Semiconductor industry 6462:Cross-Strait relations 6419:Special municipalities 6071:Taiwan under Qing rule 5569:Hsiau, A-Chin (2005), 5020:10.1093/molbev/msaa276 4775:Chen, Shu-Juo (2009). 4610:. 2011. Archived from 4124:Demographics of Taiwan 3903:Tai, Pao-tsun (2007). 2647:Demographics of Taiwan 2601:Taiwanese independence 2514:. In 2007, a study by 2350:, who established the 2180: 1822:, some Hoklo men took 1713:, and are culturally, 1698: 1558: 1533:The 2023 documentary " 1502:In a 2002 poll by the 1452: 1379:during forty years of 1296: 1216: 1164: 1009:household registration 820:its associated islands 800:citizens and nationals 328:Chinese folk religions 6527:Taiwanese nationalism 6046:Early Chinese contact 5829:Said, Edward (1979), 5742:, London: M.E. Sharpe 5722:10.1057/9781403980618 5587:Hsieh, Jolan (2006), 5349:Copper, John (2003), 5191:10.1353/jwh.2006.0052 4271:10.1353/jbs.2008.0001 3522:Election Study Center 2677:Taiwanese nationalism 2603:activists to build a 2455:Taiwanese Australians 2449:Taiwanese Australians 2332:in Japan, Taiwan was 2223:Treaty of Shimonoseki 2174: 1696: 1619:and establishing the 1556: 1469:Taiwanese nationalism 1446: 1403:Multicultural present 1291: 1210: 1197:Wolf & Huang 1980 1162: 1133:Treaty of Shimonoseki 826:, ancestry and speak 372:Related ethnic groups 6039:archaeological sites 5883:Taiwan A New History 5667:Medical Anthropology 4359:"Come and work here" 2590:Chinese Singaporeans 2578:Chinese Singaporeans 2465:Japanese Australians 2317:, especially not in 1826:brides. Some of the 1369:February 28 Incident 1229:February 28 Incident 965:improve this article 386:Austronesian peoples 381:Han Taiwanese people 51:improve this article 7177:Tourist attractions 6634:Maritime industries 6567:Automotive industry 6472:Chinese nationalism 6467:Chinese unification 6311:Additional Articles 6076:Republic of Formosa 6066:Kingdom of Tungning 5849:], Taipei: 前衛, 5833:, UK: Vintage Books 5624:Katz, Paul (2005), 5428:1903GeogJ..22..452G 5124:. 14 January 2022. 4851:2008PLoSO...3.2168L 4733:2009Sci...326.1541. 4614:on 12 February 2020 3664:. 5 February 2015. 3372:"Third-Wave Reform" 2461:Chinese Australians 2423:Taiwanese Canadians 2417:Taiwanese Canadians 2380:Taiwanese Americans 2352:Kingdom of Tungning 2294:, the inventor of " 2282:. It was known as " 1432:Taiwan Hsin Chu-min 1328:Great Wall of China 1276:(Mountain Race) or 1248:retreated to Taiwan 1169:colonizer/colonized 1065:Chinese Mainlanders 1046:Chinese Unification 887:Taiwan independence 863:self-identification 137: 6841:Formosan languages 6664:Telecommunications 6497:North–South divide 6441:Metropolitan areas 5847:Taiwan Blood Types 5412:Davidson, James W. 4963:10.1093/hmg/ddw346 4727:(326): 1541–1545. 4702:, p. 332-333. 4638:2012-09-16 at the 4365:. The China Post. 4205:2015-02-01 at the 3998:2016-04-27 at the 3979:2016-04-30 at the 3960:2016-04-27 at the 2657:Overseas Taiwanese 2605:Taiwanese identity 2525:reported that the 2338:then-ROC-president 2260:Taiwanese Japanese 2181: 2138:Overseas Taiwanese 2127:Overseas Taiwanese 2105:. You can help by 2086:Overseas Taiwanese 1828:plains aboriginals 1703:indigenous peoples 1699: 1683:Indigenous peoples 1673:Chinese communists 1667:broke out between 1593:Surrender of Japan 1559: 1535:Nous sommes Taïwan 1453: 1297: 1250:in 1949. However, 1217: 1165: 880:and its potential 66:"Taiwanese people" 7233: 7232: 7185: 7184: 6963: 6962: 6933:Taiwanese Hokkien 6697: 6696: 6492:Foreign relations 6405:Regions of Taiwan 6389:Political parties 6377:Secretary-General 6234: 6233: 6181:Protected species 6121: 6120: 6091:Retreat to Taiwan 6086:Republic of China 6051:Kingdom of Middag 5910:978-0-674-01451-0 5495:, R.O.C. (2014). 5278:Brown, Melissa J. 5095:(in Chinese). 6. 5014:(10): 4149–4165. 4957:(24): 5321–5331. 4440:China Information 3819:Exec. Yuan (2014) 3804:Exec. Yuan (2014) 3789:Exec. Yuan (2014) 3777:Exec. Yuan (2014) 3756:Los Angeles Times 3199:, pp. 14–15. 3163:, pp. 12–13. 2609:Chinese Civil War 2531:mitochondrial DNA 2529:typing study and 2429:Chinese Canadians 2411:Chinese Americans 2386:Chinese Americans 2123: 2122: 2006:ethnic minorities 1952:"Mainlanders" or 1800:Taiwanese Hokkien 1665:Chinese Civil War 1658:plains Indigenous 1601:Chinese Civil War 1597:retreat to Taiwan 1485:national identity 1244:Chinese Civil War 1242:The KMT lost the 1221:Republic of China 1125:national identity 997: 996: 989: 900:, while 2.3% are 808:overseas diaspora 804:Republic of China 793: 792: 785: 784: 696: 695: 591:Yale Romanization 453:Standard Mandarin 399: 398: 333:Mahayana Buddhism 300:Taiwanese Hokkien 127: 126: 119: 101: 16:(Redirected from 7253: 7246:Taiwanese people 7221: 7220: 7209: 7197: 7196: 7085:Cultural history 7037:Waste management 6789:Taiwanese people 6777: 6731:National symbols 6710:National Symbols 6703: 6619:Economic history 6614: 6606:Defense industry 6450:Political issues 6355:Military history 6240: 6127: 6013: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5971: 5952: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5918:Wachman, Alan M. 5913: 5895: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5834: 5825: 5807: 5798: 5787: 5773: 5761: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5657: 5629: 5620: 5601: 5592: 5583: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5503: 5488: 5479: 5471: 5462: 5407: 5389: 5371: 5363: 5345: 5327: 5322:, archived from 5312: 5294: 5273: 5252: 5231: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5166: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5118: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5039: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4929: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4880: 4862: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4772: 4761: 4760: 4718: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4672:. Archived from 4666: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4400: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4225: 4219: 4200:The Hakka People 4196: 4190: 4189: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4077:. 15 July 2014. 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4048:. 26 June 2008. 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4019:. 15 June 2014. 4009: 4003: 3990: 3984: 3971: 3965: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3928:"Entry #60161". 3925: 3919: 3918: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3726:. Focus Taiwan. 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3626:民意調查：兩會復談前國族認同民調 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3487: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3374:. Archived from 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3142:on 29 April 2013 3141: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3083: 3074: 3073: 3067: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3047:. Archived from 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3018: 3007: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2978:2016年12月末在留外国人統計 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2887: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2834: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2807: 2780: 2776: 2765: 2754: 2743: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2714: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2586:Cantonese people 2571:A 2021 study by 2563:A 2016 study by 2524: 2439:British Columbia 2328:. Following the 2307:dual-citizenship 2284:Japanese Formosa 2133:Overseas Chinese 2118: 2115: 2097: 2090: 2044: 2018:Zhonghe District 1865:Melissa J. Brown 1857: 1848: 1757: 1756: 1677:mainland Chinese 1433: 1423: 1320:Mandarin Chinese 1301:tangwai movement 1001:Taiwanese people 992: 985: 981: 978: 972: 949: 941: 875: 816:island of Taiwan 810:from the entire 796:Taiwanese people 781: 780: 767: 766: 740: 734: 733: 720: 719: 692: 691: 668: 667: 654: 653: 630: 629: 628: 613: 612: 599: 598: 578: 577: 557: 556: 555: 540: 539: 526: 525: 512: 511: 510: 496: 495: 482: 481: 468: 467: 444: 438: 437: 424: 423: 404:Taiwanese people 401: 141:Total population 138: 136:Taiwanese people 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7250: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7181: 7046: 7017:Public holidays 6990:Sex trafficking 6985:Organized crime 6959: 6827: 6768: 6725: 6724: 6693: 6612: 6536: 6487:De-Sinicization 6445: 6407: 6398: 6345:Law enforcement 6277: 6272: 6263: 6262: 6230: 6177:Endemic species 6140: 6139: 6117: 6111:Mandarin policy 6061:Spanish Formosa 6020: 6007: 5998: 5960: 5955: 5946: 5937: 5928: 5916: 5911: 5898: 5893: 5880: 5871: 5862: 5857: 5844: 5837: 5828: 5823: 5810: 5801: 5796: 5776: 5764: 5755: 5746: 5737: 5732: 5711: 5704: 5702: 5660: 5635:Tissue Antigens 5632: 5623: 5617: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5581: 5568: 5559: 5550: 5541: 5532: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5501: 5491: 5482: 5474: 5465: 5436:10.2307/1775465 5410: 5405: 5392: 5387: 5374: 5366: 5361: 5348: 5343: 5330: 5315: 5310: 5297: 5292: 5276: 5271: 5255: 5250: 5234: 5229: 5216: 5208: 5206: 5169: 5164: 5156:, Verso Press, 5151: 5147: 5142: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5089: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5055: 5053: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4901:"Archived copy" 4899: 4898: 4894: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4818: 4816: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4774: 4773: 4764: 4716: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4691: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4640:Wayback Machine 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4510:Food & Wine 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4423: 4421: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4207:Wayback Machine 4197: 4193: 4186: 4173: 4172: 4165: 4150:10.2307/3637072 4135: 4134: 4130: 4111: 4109: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4084: 4082: 4075:Taipeitimes.com 4069: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4053: 4046:Taipeitimes.com 4040: 4039: 4035: 4026: 4024: 4017:Taipeitimes.com 4011: 4010: 4006: 4000:Wayback Machine 3991: 3987: 3981:Wayback Machine 3972: 3968: 3962:Wayback Machine 3953: 3949: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3891:Davidson (1903) 3889: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3843:Bellwood (2000) 3841: 3837: 3831:Shepherd (1993) 3829: 3825: 3817: 3810: 3802: 3795: 3791:, p. 47-8. 3787: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3431: 3429: 3422:Washington Post 3416: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3378:on 2011-07-16. 3370: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3277: 3275: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3224: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3187:, pp. 4–5. 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3045:"Archived copy" 3043: 3042: 3038: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3008: 2997: 2988: 2986: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2961: 2959: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2869: 2860: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2811:"Archived copy" 2809: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2692:Taiwan passport 2672:De-Sinicization 2631: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2518: 2492: 2490:Genetic studies 2467: 2457: 2451: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2364:Chiang Kai-shek 2272:Japanese Empire 2268: 2262: 2231:Japanese Empire 2192: 2186: 2135: 2129: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2103:needs expansion 2088: 2068: 2030: 2014: 2012:Burmese Chinese 1950: 1940: 1896: 1886: 1784: 1774: 1772:Hoklo Taiwanese 1768: 1691: 1685: 1551: 1526::137–149, 207; 1481: 1475: 1465:De-Sinicization 1455:Main articles: 1441: 1405: 1357: 1286: 1278:Gaoshan Tongbao 1252:Chiang Kai-shek 1205: 1203:Martial law era 1157: 1117: 1102:, respectively. 1092:Empire of Japan 1080:ethnic Japanese 993: 982: 976: 973: 962: 950: 939: 869: 848:Fujian Province 611:Toi4 Waan1 jan4 597:Tòih Wāan yàhn4 518:Tongyong Pinyin 508: 488:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 395: 367: 363:Other religions 347: 314: 169:373,943–964,000 133: 130: 123: 112: 106: 103: 60: 58: 48: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7248: 7238: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7215: 7203: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7162: 7160:Taiwanese wave 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7100:Glove puppetry 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7032:Taiwan studies 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6977: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6837: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6679:Transportation 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6654:Taiwan Miracle 6651: 6649:Stock exchange 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6608: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6477:Chinese Taipei 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6410: 6408: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6382:Vice President 6379: 6374: 6364: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6280: 6278: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6206:National parks 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6042: 6041: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6009: 6008: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5958:External links 5956: 5954: 5953: 5944: 5935: 5926: 5914: 5909: 5896: 5891: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5855: 5835: 5826: 5821: 5808: 5799: 5794: 5778:Peng, Ming-min 5774: 5762: 5753: 5744: 5735: 5730: 5709: 5673:(4): 329–346, 5658: 5641:(3): 192–199, 5630: 5621: 5615: 5602: 5593: 5584: 5579: 5566: 5557: 5548: 5539: 5530: 5510: 5493:Executive Yuan 5489: 5480: 5472: 5463: 5408: 5403: 5390: 5385: 5372: 5364: 5359: 5346: 5341: 5328: 5313: 5308: 5295: 5291:978-0520231825 5290: 5274: 5269: 5253: 5248: 5232: 5227: 5214: 5185:(4): 429–450. 5171:Andrade, Tonio 5167: 5162: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5110: 5074: 5062: 4994: 4937: 4892: 4825: 4796: 4762: 4704: 4689: 4661: 4644: 4625: 4589: 4558: 4527: 4496: 4465: 4430: 4405: 4380: 4349: 4332:The China Post 4314: 4284: 4245: 4238: 4220: 4191: 4184: 4163: 4128: 4091: 4062: 4033: 4004: 3985: 3966: 3947: 3920: 3913: 3895: 3893:, p. 581. 3883: 3871: 3867:Andrade (2006) 3859: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3808: 3793: 3781: 3769: 3741: 3724:focustaiwan.tw 3710: 3679: 3649: 3616: 3589: 3562: 3543: 3509: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3424:. 2004-01-02. 3409: 3402: 3384: 3363: 3351: 3323: 3288: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3201: 3189: 3185:Makeham (2005) 3177: 3175:, p. 105. 3165: 3153: 3109: 3075: 3036: 2995: 2968: 2943: 2916: 2867: 2842: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2774:Dài-uăng-nè̤ng 2766: 2755: 2744: 2730: 2716: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2620: 2617: 2491: 2488: 2453:Main article: 2450: 2447: 2421:Main article: 2418: 2415: 2378:Main article: 2375: 2372: 2358:, the second ( 2356:Chiang Wei-kuo 2346:Historically, 2261: 2258: 2185: 2182: 2125:Main article: 2121: 2120: 2100: 2098: 2087: 2084: 2067: 2064: 2029: 2026: 2013: 2010: 1973:). Unlike the 1939: 1936: 1913:The Taiwanese 1885: 1882: 1770:Main article: 1767: 1764: 1719:linguistically 1687:Main article: 1684: 1681: 1632:Anping, Tainan 1550: 1547: 1449:Han characters 1440: 1437: 1404: 1401: 1356: 1353: 1285: 1284:Democratic era 1282: 1270:Shandi Tongbao 1262:contrast with 1204: 1201: 1156: 1153: 1127:following the 1121:group identity 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1103: 1100:Spanish Empire 1076: 1053: 1037: 1029:Wuqiu (Kinmen) 995: 994: 953: 951: 944: 938: 935: 850:which include 791: 790: 787: 786: 783: 782: 775: 769: 768: 761: 752: 751: 745: 744: 743:Transcriptions 736: 735: 728: 722: 721: 712: 706: 705: 698: 697: 694: 693: 686: 677: 676: 670: 669: 662: 656: 655: 648: 639: 638: 632: 631: 621: 615: 614: 607: 601: 600: 593: 587: 586: 584:Yue: Cantonese 580: 579: 572: 566: 565: 559: 558: 548: 542: 541: 534: 528: 527: 520: 514: 513: 504: 498: 497: 490: 484: 483: 476: 470: 469: 462: 456: 455: 449: 448: 447:Transcriptions 440: 439: 432: 426: 425: 416: 410: 409: 406: 405: 397: 396: 394: 393: 388: 383: 377: 374: 373: 369: 368: 366: 365: 360: 355: 348: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 324: 321: 320: 316: 315: 313: 312: 307: 302: 297: 291: 288: 287: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 271: 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 247: 243: 242: 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 193:69,550–173,000 191: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 167: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 148: 147: 143: 142: 131: 128: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7258: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7226: 7225: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7178: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7125:Night markets 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6950:Sign Language 6948: 6944: 6943:Matsu dialect 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6799:Ethnic groups 6797: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6754: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6577:List of banks 6575: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6301:Civil defense 6299: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6167:Deforestation 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6096:Guanbi policy 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6056:Dutch Formosa 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5990: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5894: 5892:9781563248160 5888: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5858: 5856:9789578014022 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5824: 5822:0-8047-4457-2 5818: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5797: 5795:9780030913884 5791: 5786: 5785: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5766:Norman, Jerry 5763: 5759: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5733: 5731:9781403970206 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5618: 5616:0-7914-0113-8 5612: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5582: 5580:9780203402641 5576: 5572: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5517: 5513: 5511:9789860423020 5507: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5481: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5406: 5404:9780520928848 5400: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5386:9780765607911 5382: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5362: 5360:9780813339559 5356: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5342:9780295974699 5338: 5334: 5329: 5326:on 2006-08-30 5325: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5309:9780415016353 5305: 5301: 5296: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5270:9789576716324 5266: 5262: 5258: 5257:Blust, Robert 5254: 5251: 5249:9789027230201 5245: 5241: 5237: 5236:Blust, Robert 5233: 5230: 5228:9780936127095 5224: 5220: 5215: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5163:9780860917595 5159: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5098: 5094: 5093:Taiwan Nation 5090: 5084: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5063: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4995: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4938: 4933: 4927: 4909: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4829: 4826: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4690: 4679:on 2016-04-23 4675: 4671: 4665: 4662: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4559: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4528: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4497: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4431: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4350: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4246: 4241: 4239:9781108784306 4235: 4231: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4187: 4185:9783531943039 4181: 4177: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3924: 3921: 3916: 3914:9789860109504 3910: 3906: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3879:Morris (2002) 3875: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3824: 3821:, p. 49. 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3806:, p. 48. 3805: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3779:, p. 36. 3778: 3773: 3770: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3745: 3742: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3680: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3650: 3635: 3628: 3620: 3617: 3604: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3544: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3495: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3472:, p. 98. 3471: 3466: 3463: 3460:, p. 91. 3459: 3454: 3451: 3448:, p. 93. 3447: 3442: 3439: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3403:0-7656-0791-3 3399: 3395: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3360: 3359:Phillips 2003 3355: 3352: 3348: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3274:on 2009-04-08 3273: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3235: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3161:Copper (2003) 3157: 3154: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3065: 3051:on 2017-01-02 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3022: 3014: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2917: 2902: 2894: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2857:on 2020-02-14 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2763:Thòi-vàn-ngìn 2759: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2652:Han Taiwanese 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2633:Taiwan portal 2623: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2613:Chinese state 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392:United States 2387: 2381: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2292:Momofuku Ando 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2244:The original 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2191: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2128: 2117: 2114:November 2014 2108: 2104: 2101:This section 2099: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2022:Taipei County 2020:, located in 2019: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1956:refer to the 1955: 1949: 1945: 1944:Han Taiwanese 1937: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1890:Han Taiwanese 1883: 1881: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1779: 1778:Han Taiwanese 1773: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1760:Stainton 1999 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1640:Taiwan Strait 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626:In 1624, the 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1583:Hakka Chinese 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1555: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1450: 1445: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1355:New Taiwanese 1354: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:Beijing Opera 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1304: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1233:Phillips 2003 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1161: 1154: 1152: 1150: 1149:Shepherd 1993 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1002: 991: 988: 980: 970: 966: 960: 959: 954:This section 952: 948: 943: 942: 936: 934: 930: 928: 924: 920: 919: 914: 910: 906: 903: 899: 898:Han Taiwanese 894: 892: 888: 885: 884: 879: 873: 868: 867:New Taiwanese 864: 859: 857: 856:Matsu Islands 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834:in 1949, the 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 788: 776: 774: 770: 762: 760: 757: 753: 750: 746: 741: 737: 729: 727: 723: 718: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 687: 685: 682: 678: 675: 671: 663: 661: 657: 649: 647: 644: 640: 637: 633: 627: 622: 620: 616: 608: 606: 602: 594: 592: 588: 585: 581: 576:Thòi-vàn ngìn 573: 571: 567: 564: 560: 554: 549: 547: 543: 535: 533: 529: 521: 519: 515: 505: 503: 499: 491: 489: 485: 477: 475: 471: 463: 461: 457: 454: 450: 445: 441: 433: 431: 427: 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 402: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 375: 370: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 350: 349: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 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Retrieved 2805: 2752:Tâi-oân-lâng 2712: 2667:Sinicization 2662:Sinocentrism 2598: 2594:Tujia people 2582:Dusun people 2572: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2546: 2535: 2493: 2468: 2432: 2408: 2389: 2345: 2341:Ma Ying-jeou 2323: 2300: 2269: 2243: 2216: 2211:Taipei Times 2209: 2195: 2193: 2153: 2137: 2136: 2111: 2107:adding to it 2102: 2069: 2041: 2033: 2031: 2015: 1991: 1971:Wachman 1994 1953: 1951: 1921:and western 1912: 1910:(ca. 1644). 1908:Qing dynasty 1904:Ming dynasty 1897: 1894:Hakka people 1874: 1870: 1861: 1854: 1832: 1788:Hoklo people 1785: 1782:Hoklo people 1700: 1662: 1644: 1625: 1621:Qing dynasty 1617:Ming dynasty 1609: 1586: 1575:Hakka people 1560: 1543: 1539:Pierre Haski 1532: 1524:Corcuff 2002 1520: 1512: 1501: 1497: 1490: 1482: 1461:Sinicization 1457:Sinocentrism 1430: 1420: 1412: 1409:Harrell 1995 1406: 1397:Corcuff 2002 1393:Ma Ying-jeou 1384: 1376: 1372: 1365:Lee Teng-hui 1358: 1340:Hakka people 1324:Yellow River 1316:Hoklo people 1313: 1309:Corcuff 2002 1305: 1298: 1293:Lee Teng-hui 1277: 1273: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1241: 1218: 1166: 1155:Japanese era 1129:Qing dynasty 1118: 1096:Dutch Empire 1000: 998: 983: 974: 963:Please help 958:verification 955: 931: 916: 902:Austronesian 895: 881: 860: 795: 794: 779:Tâi-uân lâng 765:Tâi-oân-lâng 749:Southern Min 690:Dài-uăng ìng 666:Tâi-uân lâng 652:Tâi-oân-lâng 636:Southern Min 570:Romanization 509:T'ai-wan jen 494:Tair'uan ren 460:Hanyu Pinyin 353:Christianity 338:Confucianism 132:Ethnic group 113: 104: 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 49:Please help 44:verification 41: 18:Bensheng ren 7170:tea culture 7135:Photography 6821:Waishengren 6555:Aquaculture 6550:Agriculture 6328:LGBT rights 6186:Hot springs 6172:Earthquakes 6106:Martial law 5831:Orientalism 5083:Sim Kiantek 4618:18 February 4572:Japan Times 4541:Japan Times 4489:16 November 4112:20 December 3557:Taiwan News 3254:Dreyer 2003 3242:Peng (1972) 2787:Other notes 2565:Chen et al. 2538:full genome 2519: [ 2060:Philippines 1987:Wilson 1970 1983:mainlanders 1962:mainlanders 1954:waishengren 1948:Waishengren 1734:immigration 1731:Han Chinese 1715:genetically 1588:waishengren 1563:Han Chinese 1530::157–170). 1508:Dreyer 2003 1399::186–188). 1389:James Soong 1385:benshengren 1381:martial law 1377:benshengren 1373:waishengren 1265:waishengren 1239::253–275). 1213:Wu San-lien 1151::310–323). 1145:Lamley 1990 1141:Lamley 1981 1137:Morris 2002 1057:Han Chinese 925:-dominated 918:waishengren 870: [ 812:Taiwan Area 674:Eastern Min 254:South Korea 7130:Philosophy 7105:Literature 7002:Healthcare 6861:Kanakanavu 6613:(currency) 6522:Two Chinas 6394:Propaganda 6362:Parliament 6296:Censorship 6270:Government 6248:Government 6034:Prehistory 5705:2022-08-20 5525:2016-06-11 5209:2021-06-01 5056:2021-10-19 4917:2023-04-09 4819:2017-04-10 4789:11 October 4683:2016-04-08 4424:2018-09-17 4399:2018-09-17 4144:(2): 215. 4122:Note: Per 4085:2016-08-11 4056:2016-08-11 4027:2016-08-11 3993:Brown 2004 3974:Brown 2004 3955:Brown 2004 3931:臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 3643:2008-06-20 3503:2009-01-12 3490:Cicred.org 3432:2009-05-07 3342:2021-03-07 3313:2009-06-06 3278:2009-06-06 3227:14 January 3146:20 January 3102:20 January 3092:China Post 3055:2017-02-21 3030:2017-10-16 3012:2011僑務統計年報 2989:2017-10-16 2962:2017-10-16 2937:2020-02-07 2910:2017-10-16 2892:2016僑務統計年報 2861:2017-10-16 2792:References 2741:Táiwān rén 2550:Blust 1988 2459:See also: 2427:See also: 2396:California 2384:See also: 2280:dependency 2264:See also: 2235:expatriate 2227:Qing China 2188:See also: 2168:nationals. 2131:See also: 2004:and other 1967:Gates 1981 1942:See also: 1938:Mainlander 1888:See also: 1851:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1824:aboriginal 1776:See also: 1738:Blust 1999 1528:Hsiau 2005 1483:Taiwanese 1477:See also: 1427:Wade–Giles 1237:Gates 1981 1225:Kuomintang 1193:Brown 2004 1189:aborigines 1177:Fujii 2006 1071:, who are 1036:Province". 999:The word " 977:April 2011 538:Táiwān rén 524:Táiwan rén 502:Wade–Giles 480:ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢㄖㄣˊ 466:Táiwān rén 159:23,888,275 146:26,193,616 107:March 2023 77:newspapers 7060:Animation 7022:Squatting 6997:Education 6833:Languages 6589:Companies 6367:President 6318:Elections 6226:Volcanoes 6201:Mountains 6145:Overviews 6135:Geography 5841:(2003), 5199:162203720 5132:20 August 5028:0737-4038 4971:0964-6906 4869:1932-6203 4460:144114805 4446:: 51–79. 4279:154656569 4265:: 29–62. 4002:. p. 157. 3983:. p. 162. 3470:Damm 2012 3458:Damm 2012 3446:Damm 2012 2821:7 January 2797:Citations 2573:Lo et al. 2556:people). 2516:Marie Lin 2508:Guangdong 2476:Melbourne 2362:) son of 2072:Taiwanese 2052:Indonesia 2043:Xīnzhùmín 1919:Guangdong 1900:Guangdong 1820:Qing rule 1808:Zhangzhou 1579:Guangdong 1422:Xīnzhùmín 1274:Gaoshanzu 1173:Katz 2005 1135:in 1895 ( 358:Shintoism 351:Minority 286:Languages 278:Argentina 262:Singapore 246:Australia 182:Indonesia 7240:Category 7200:Category 7155:T-Beauty 7140:Religion 7095:Gambling 6928:Mandarin 6896:Sakizaya 6891:Saisiyat 6753:proposed 6659:Taxation 6629:Forestry 6482:Dang Guo 6424:Counties 6350:Military 6275:politics 6253:Politics 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