269:. She used plastic, boiling water to mold the material, a file, ice pick, hammer, and some dishes to create a prototype of her invention. The device had a tube to transport individual bites of food to the patient's mouth. The patients would bite down on the tube and then the next portion of food would dispense to the mouthpiece from the attached machine. This allowed patients to control how much they would eat without assistance from others. A part of the device was patented in 1948.
196:, Griffin recalled that her school "didn't have textbooks. later got them from the white schools." Students that attended Diggs Chapel learned to read by quoting verses from the Bible. While attending Diggs Chapel, Blount's teacher reprimanded her for writing with her left hand by rapping her knuckles, a form of discipline used at the time to teach students proper writing etiquette. Blount took this as a challenge to be
419:
covering everything from Fidel Castro’s visit to Harlem to Lyndon
Johnson’s presidential nomination. She joined the NAACP to do public relations work and wrote several medical papers that were published in respected journals covering “medical graphology” and the relationship between a person’s health
328:
in New Jersey and
Virginia. During her previous patient therapy, while demonstrating ambidextrous functions, or writing with teeth or feet, she had begun to see a correlation between physical health and writing characteristics. From her observations, she saw how a person's handwriting reflected their
244:
after being wounded in combat. As a part of Blount's physical therapy exercises, she taught veterans who had lost the ability to use their hands, new ways to perform everyday tasks by substituting the use of their teeth and feet. She would tell them, “You’re not crippled, only crippled in your mind”.
248:
Her ambidexterity and ability to perform tasks with her mouth and feet helped her relate to her patients out of surgery. As she worked each day, Blount observed that one of the biggest challenges for amputees was eating without assistance from other people. A crucial task for many was to relearn the
286:
that her accomplishment showed that "a colored woman can invent something for the benefit of humankind". Though more modern, slimmer devices have been invented since 1948, Blount is remembered for pioneering the first electric device for feeding amputees. She devised a neck frame for an injured or
203:
This skill was useful in her career later on, helping her teach others to operate without one or more limbs. After the sixth grade, there were no more educational resources for
African American children in her community, forcing Blount to stop her education. The family then relocated north to
304:. The basin was a kidney-shaped disposable cardboard dish made out of flour, water, and newspaper that was baked until the material was hard. Once again, the U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) showed no interest in Blount's invention. She sold the rights to her invention to a company in
200:. Even though her right hand became her primary writing hand, she maintained her ability to write with her left hand as well. She also taught herself to write without the use of her hands by holding a pencil with her teeth and feet.
423:
In 2008 she undertook but was unable to complete one more project: founding a museum on the grounds of her old
Virginia schoolhouse which had burned down, to commemorate the contributions of those who had studied there.
401:
in 1953. Blount was the first
African-American woman to be on the show. No transcript is available, but it is reported she repeated that she had proved "A black woman can invent something for the benefit of humankind."
865:
388:
Blount made numerous attempts to interest the VA in her inventions but they declined, despite the devices' evident beneficial impact. To promote the inventions, she appeared on the
502:, January 8, 2010. Accessed November 24, 2021. "Bessie Griffin, better known as Bessie Blount, died at her Newfield, New Jersey, home, died on December 30, 2009, at 95 years old."
2149:
357:
for advanced studies in graphology. At sixty-three years old, she was the first Black woman to be accepted into the advanced studies at the
Document Division of Scotland Yard.
377:
2134:
2099:
686:
858:
2164:
2159:
2169:
2174:
2154:
851:
415:
1614:
780:
2139:
2104:
739:
333:". After the publication of the paper, Blount's career in forensics quickly grew. By the late 1960s she was assisting police departments in
345:, Virginia police department as a chief examiner until 1972, when the state of Virginia centralized its document examination. In 1977, the
2094:
212:. She attended Community Kennedy Memorial Hospital - the only Black-owned hospital in the state - and enrolled in a nursing program, in
2109:
2124:
534:
432:
Blount was honored in 1992 by The
American Academy of Physical Therapy, an African American focused physical therapy organization.
287:
ill patient, that holds a bowl or cup close to their face as a "portable receptacle support" and in April 1951, Blount was granted
590:
2129:
1994:
1537:
979:
209:
2144:
2119:
1076:
163:
1762:
1655:
450:
397:
258:
1249:
369:
249:
ability to feed themselves. Regaining this skill would restore a degree of independence and increase their self-esteem.
2024:
1772:
1721:
1563:
827:
406:
1336:
1915:
1680:
1203:
755:
1234:
1326:
1101:
1055:
874:
436:
282:
2114:
2050:
1726:
1675:
1527:
1152:
654:
2004:
1930:
1813:
1573:
1239:
1178:
273:
221:
1532:
1050:
2014:
2009:
1833:
1782:
1706:
1665:
1568:
1086:
553:
297:
1920:
1828:
1512:
181:
Blount attended Diggs Chapel - a one-room schoolhouse built by Black members of the local community - in
1639:
1578:
1486:
1397:
1356:
1259:
1106:
999:
493:
1295:
376:. Blount operated that business until the age of 83. Her verification of authenticity was also used on
1091:
2089:
2084:
2045:
2040:
2019:
1945:
1894:
1823:
1736:
1660:
1588:
1382:
1096:
1030:
953:
706:
691:
471:
342:
338:
277:
167:
61:
1843:
1940:
1889:
1787:
1757:
1451:
1224:
1142:
805:
346:
1290:
1157:
2055:
1999:
1884:
1838:
1471:
1254:
1229:
1198:
1183:
1147:
908:
781:"[Women's History Month] Meet Bessie Blount Griffin, inventor of electronic feeding tube"
687:"The Woman Who Made a Device to Help Disabled Veterans Feed Themselves—and Gave It Away for Free"
444:
213:
186:
147:
139:
130:, better known as Bessie Blount, (November 24, 1914 – December 30, 2009), was an American
1989:
1910:
1808:
1777:
1716:
1604:
1517:
1407:
1392:
1341:
1331:
1275:
1162:
1060:
1040:
1004:
989:
974:
903:
735:
662:
530:
334:
182:
159:
90:
42:
1869:
1792:
1507:
1310:
1305:
1285:
1208:
1045:
984:
958:
321:
225:
111:
1879:
1859:
1690:
1522:
1461:
1387:
1351:
1280:
1025:
948:
498:
317:
1925:
1874:
1711:
1670:
1624:
1558:
1553:
1481:
1412:
1346:
1300:
994:
938:
928:
913:
217:
74:
329:
state of health. This discovery inspired her to publish a technical paper on "medical
2078:
1984:
1767:
1609:
1583:
1476:
1402:
1377:
1193:
933:
350:
300:. Blount and Edison became close friends. During that time she invented a disposable
262:
197:
265:, at thirty-seven years old, Blount invented an electric self-feeding apparatus for
1818:
1741:
1502:
1466:
1456:
1361:
1244:
1137:
1127:
1111:
1081:
1009:
918:
655:"Overlooked No More: Bessie Blount, Nurse, Wartime Inventor and Handwriting Expert"
623:
392:
301:
237:
527:
Wonder Women : 25 innovators, inventors, and trailblazers who changed history
216:, New Jersey. After obtaining her Nursing degree, she continued her education at
1731:
1685:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1132:
1035:
923:
591:"Bessie Blount Griffin, Physical Therapist, and Inventor - America Comes Alive"
364:
business and ran it for twenty-years, using her forensic experience to examine
1935:
943:
361:
330:
289:
266:
241:
205:
666:
1864:
843:
373:
107:
296:
During her career, Blount was a physical therapist to Thomas Edison's son,
276:(VA) declined Blount's invention, so in 1952 she licensed it freely to the
365:
143:
305:
115:
354:
325:
131:
756:"History has overlooked these 8 women scientists — but not anymore"
462:
In 1951, Blount married Thomas
Griffin. They had one son, Philip.
135:
389:
189:
to educate former slaves, their children, and Native
Americans.
1966:
1433:
885:
847:
353:) Forensic Science Laboratory invited Blount to join them in
158:
Bessie Blount
Griffin was born on November 24, 1914 in the
470:
Blount died at age 95 on December 30, 2009 at her home in
360:
On returning, Blount started her own forensic science
208:, where Blount remained self-taught and obtained her
2033:
1977:
1903:
1852:
1801:
1750:
1699:
1648:
1597:
1546:
1495:
1444:
1370:
1319:
1268:
1217:
1171:
1120:
1069:
1018:
967:
896:
103:
86:
69:
50:
28:
21:
16:American physical therapist and forensic scientist
448:published a belated obituary for her, as part of
236:During her career as a physical therapist, after
316:In 1969, Blount embarked on a second career, in
218:Panzer College of Physical Education and Hygiene
707:"Biography of Bessie Blount, American Inventor"
859:
734:. New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 137.
8:
2150:20th-century African-American women writers
624:"Bessie Blount | Electronic Feeding Device"
185:, Virginia. The school was built after the
1974:
1963:
1441:
1430:
893:
882:
866:
852:
844:
18:
2135:People from Gloucester County, New Jersey
806:"Virginia Women in History Past Honorees"
2100:20th-century African-American scientists
405:Blount wrote a featured columns for the
280:. She remarked in an interview with the
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
483:
2165:20th-century American women scientists
489:
487:
2160:20th-century African-American writers
7:
2170:21st-century African-American people
1097:Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins
649:
647:
645:
643:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
548:
546:
2175:21st-century African-American women
2155:20th-century American women writers
1291:Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell
1250:Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan
828:"Bessie Blount Griffin (1914-2009)"
341:, New Jersey, and later joined the
79:Community Kennedy Memorial Hospital
695:, 2018-10-17, Retrieved 2020-04-14
14:
1615:Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington
1995:Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis
1737:Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith
1538:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
2140:20th-century American inventors
1337:Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez
826:Baker, Benjamin (2018-09-22).
435:She was honored as one of the
253:Inventions - assistive devices
1:
1895:Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley
1763:Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day
1656:Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford
529:. Philadelphia: Quirk Books.
2105:American forensic scientists
1890:Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall
1235:John-Geline MacDonald Bowman
240:, many soldiers returned as
2025:Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker
1773:Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac
1722:Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid
1564:Christiana Burdett Campbell
1286:Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
407:African-American newspapers
224:, New Jersey and became a
2191:
2095:African-American inventors
589:Kelly, Kate (2016-02-11).
494:"Obituary: Bessie Griffin"
166:(now known as the city of
2110:Women forensic scientists
2051:Lillie Louise Boone Lucas
1973:
1962:
1440:
1429:
1327:Frances Culpeper Berkeley
1102:Frances Benjamin Johnston
1056:Mary-Cooke Branch Munford
892:
881:
875:Virginia Women in History
558:Virginia Women in History
437:Virginia Women in History
232:Physical therapist career
121:
96:
2125:American women inventors
1727:Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin
1676:Christine Herter Kendall
1528:Bessie Niemeyer Marshall
1153:Sarah Garland Boyd Jones
732:Inventors and inventions
416:Philadelphia Independent
380:with the United States.
378:Native American treaties
162:, Virginia community of
2130:Academics from Virginia
2005:Josephine Mathes Norcom
1931:Georgeanna Seegar Jones
1574:Elizabeth Peet McIntosh
1240:Benita Fitzgerald-Brown
1179:Clara Leach Adams-Ender
1112:Annie Bannister Spencer
554:"Bessie Blount Griffin"
420:and their handwriting.
312:Forensic science career
274:Veterans Administration
128:Bessie Virginia Griffin
2010:Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon
1875:Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa
1834:Louise Harrison McCraw
1814:Corazon Sandoval Foley
1783:Ana Ines Barragan King
1707:Nancy Melvina Caldwell
1666:Elizabeth Ashburn Duke
1087:Anna Whitehead Bodeker
298:Theodore Miller Edison
2145:Panzer College alumni
2120:American women nurses
1640:Eva Mae Fleming Scott
1579:Orelena Hawks Puckett
1533:Felicia Warburg Rogan
1487:Marian Van Landingham
1260:Mary Virginia Terhune
1189:Bessie Blount Griffin
1051:Lillian Ward McDaniel
1000:Sally Louisa Tompkins
730:Colt, Samuel (2008).
290:U.S. patent 2,550,554
257:While working at the
192:In an interview with
23:Bessie Blount Griffin
2020:Lila Meade Valentine
1946:Kate Peters Sturgill
1860:Gaye Todd Adegbalola
1824:Cynthia Eppes Hudson
1661:Naomi Silverman Cohn
1589:Alice Jackson Stuart
1569:Betty Sams Christian
1477:Jean Miller Skipwith
1383:Caroline Bradby Cook
1301:Sheila Crump Johnson
1199:Barbara Johns Powell
1031:Janie Porter Barrett
954:Lila Meade Valentine
692:Smithsonian magazine
628:Lemelson-MIT Program
372:papers from the pre-
164:Princess Anne County
1941:Lucy Randolph Mason
1921:Claudia Lane Dodson
1829:Mary Virginia Jones
1758:Flora D. Crittenden
1513:Emily White Fleming
1452:Mollie Holmes Adams
1225:Kate Waller Barrett
1143:Anne Makemie Holden
595:America Comes Alive
525:Maggs, Sam (2016).
347:Metropolitan Police
2056:Evelyn Reid Syphax
2000:Sophie G. Meredith
1885:Barbara Kingsolver
1839:Undine Smith Moore
1472:Kate Mason Rowland
1462:Edythe C. Harrison
1398:Joann Hess Grayson
1357:Isabel Wood Rogers
1255:G. Anne Richardson
1230:Marie Majella Berg
1148:Mary Draper Ingles
1107:Anne Dobie Peebles
980:Elizabeth Campbell
909:Mary Julia Baldwin
808:. lva.virginia.gov
659:The New York Times
451:Overlooked No More
445:The New York Times
326:police departments
226:physical therapist
148:forensic scientist
140:physical therapist
112:physical therapist
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
1990:Fannie Bayly King
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1911:Sharifa Alkhateeb
1809:Doris Crouse-Mays
1778:Katherine Johnson
1717:Ruth Coles Harris
1605:Mary C. Alexander
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1408:Virginia Randolph
1393:Drew Gilpin Faust
1342:Elizabeth B. Lacy
1332:Lucy Goode Brooks
1296:Mary Jeffery Galt
1276:Mary Willing Byrd
1163:Martha Washington
1061:Jessie M. Rattley
1041:Hannah Lee Corbin
1005:Elizabeth Van Lew
990:Elizabeth Keckley
975:Rosa Dixon Bowser
904:Ella Graham Agnew
741:978-0-7614-7764-8
428:Honors and awards
384:Media appearances
278:French government
125:
124:
98:Scientific career
91:Assistive devices
54:December 30, 2009
39:November 24, 1914
2182:
2015:Ora Brown Stokes
1975:
1964:
1870:Isabella Gibbons
1793:Meyera Oberndorf
1508:Eleanor Bontecou
1442:
1431:
1311:Camilla Williams
1306:Opossunoquonuske
1209:Mary Belvin Wade
1092:Mary Ann Elliott
1046:Christine Darden
985:Thomasina Jordan
959:Maggie L. Walker
894:
883:
868:
861:
854:
845:
838:
837:
835:
834:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
785:Face2Face Africa
777:
771:
770:
768:
767:
752:
746:
745:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
702:
696:
685:McNeil, Leila,
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
651:
638:
637:
635:
634:
620:
605:
604:
602:
601:
586:
569:
568:
566:
565:
550:
541:
540:
522:
503:
491:
411:N.J. Herald News
395:television show
322:forensic science
292:
64:, New Jersey, US
57:
38:
36:
19:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2115:American nurses
2075:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2046:Lerla G. Joseph
2041:Krista N. Jones
2029:
1969:
1950:
1936:Ona Maria Judge
1899:
1880:Kay Coles James
1848:
1797:
1746:
1695:
1691:Stoner Winslett
1644:
1593:
1542:
1523:Lillian Lincoln
1491:
1436:
1417:
1388:Claudia Emerson
1366:
1352:P. Buckley Moss
1315:
1281:Maybelle Carter
1264:
1213:
1167:
1116:
1065:
1026:Rebecca Adamson
1014:
963:
949:Clementina Rind
888:
877:
872:
842:
841:
832:
830:
825:
824:
820:
811:
809:
804:
803:
799:
790:
788:
779:
778:
774:
765:
763:
754:
753:
749:
742:
729:
728:
724:
715:
713:
704:
703:
699:
684:
680:
671:
669:
653:
652:
641:
632:
630:
622:
621:
608:
599:
597:
588:
587:
572:
563:
561:
552:
551:
544:
537:
524:
523:
506:
499:The Star-Ledger
492:
485:
480:
468:
460:
430:
386:
337:, Virginia and
318:law enforcement
314:
288:
255:
234:
179:
156:
82:
70:Alma mater
65:
59:
55:
46:
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1926:India Hamilton
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1844:Martha Rollins
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:Nikki Giovanni
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:Mildred Loving
1678:
1673:
1671:Rachel Findlay
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:JoAnn Falletta
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1559:Monica Beltran
1556:
1554:Susie May Ames
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1482:Queena Stovall
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1413:Mary Sue Terry
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Sharyn McCrumb
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Theresa Pollak
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Dolley Madison
936:
931:
929:Sarah Lee Fain
926:
921:
916:
914:Margaret Brent
911:
906:
900:
898:
890:
889:
886:
879:
878:
873:
871:
870:
863:
856:
848:
840:
839:
818:
797:
772:
747:
740:
722:
697:
678:
661:. 2019-03-27.
639:
606:
570:
542:
535:
504:
482:
481:
479:
476:
474:, New Jersey.
467:
464:
459:
456:
429:
426:
385:
382:
313:
310:
259:Bronx Hospital
254:
251:
233:
230:
178:
175:
155:
152:
123:
122:
119:
118:
105:
101:
100:
94:
93:
88:
87:Known for
84:
83:
81:
80:
75:Panzer College
73:
71:
67:
66:
60:
58:(aged 95)
52:
48:
47:
45:, Virginia, US
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2187:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Pauline Adams
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Betty Masters
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Sarah A. Gray
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Louise Archer
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Judith Shatin
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Mary Randolph
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Pauline Adams
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Mary Johnston
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Ellen Glasgow
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
895:
891:
884:
880:
876:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
849:
846:
829:
822:
819:
807:
801:
798:
786:
782:
776:
773:
761:
760:ideas.ted.com
757:
751:
748:
743:
737:
733:
726:
723:
712:
708:
705:Mary Bellis.
701:
698:
694:
693:
688:
682:
679:
668:
664:
660:
656:
650:
648:
646:
644:
640:
629:
625:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
607:
596:
592:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
571:
559:
555:
549:
547:
543:
538:
536:9781594749261
532:
528:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:
495:
490:
488:
484:
477:
475:
473:
465:
463:
458:Personal life
457:
455:
453:
452:
447:
446:
440:
438:
433:
427:
425:
421:
418:
417:
412:
408:
403:
400:
399:
394:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
351:Scotland Yard
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
324:research for
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
294:
291:
285:
284:
283:Afro-American
279:
275:
272:The American
270:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
246:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
199:
195:
194:The Virginian
190:
188:
184:
176:
174:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
78:
77:
76:
72:
68:
63:
53:
49:
44:
31:
27:
20:
1819:Nora Houston
1742:Karenne Wood
1503:Lucy Addison
1467:Janis Martin
1457:Ethel Furman
1362:Edith Turner
1245:Grace Hopper
1188:
1158:Annie Snyder
1138:Katie Couric
1128:Grace Arents
1082:Pearl Bailey
1010:Edith Wilson
919:Willa Cather
831:. Retrieved
821:
810:. Retrieved
800:
789:. Retrieved
787:. 2018-03-03
784:
775:
764:. Retrieved
762:. 2021-03-18
759:
750:
731:
725:
714:. Retrieved
710:
700:
690:
681:
670:. Retrieved
658:
631:. Retrieved
627:
598:. Retrieved
594:
562:. Retrieved
557:
526:
497:
469:
461:
449:
443:
441:
434:
431:
422:
414:
410:
404:
398:The Big Idea
396:
393:Philadelphia
387:
359:
315:
302:emesis basin
295:
281:
271:
256:
247:
238:World War II
235:
202:
198:ambidextrous
193:
191:
180:
171:
157:
127:
126:
97:
56:(2009-12-30)
2090:2009 deaths
2085:1914 births
1732:Vivian Pinn
1686:Debbie Ryan
1635:Inez Pruitt
1630:Cleo Powell
1620:Ann Compton
1184:Caitlyn Day
1133:Cockacoeske
1077:Nancy Astor
1036:Patsy Cline
924:Jennie Dean
320:, pursuing
222:East Orange
2079:Categories
944:Pocahontas
833:2020-03-26
812:2010-01-05
791:2020-03-26
766:2021-09-17
716:2020-03-26
672:2020-03-26
633:2018-04-24
600:2018-04-24
564:2018-04-22
478:References
362:consulting
343:Portsmouth
331:graphology
206:New Jersey
168:Chesapeake
154:Early life
35:1914-11-24
1968:2020–2029
1916:Queen Ann
1865:Rita Dove
1435:2010–2019
1204:Lee Smith
887:2000–2009
711:ThoughtCo
667:0362-4331
442:In 2019,
439:in 2005.
374:civil war
366:documents
187:Civil War
177:Education
1518:Pearl Fu
472:Newfield
413:and the
339:Vineland
267:amputees
263:New York
242:amputees
172:Bessie '
144:inventor
108:Inventor
62:Newfield
335:Norfolk
306:Belgium
183:Hickory
160:Hickory
43:Hickory
738:
665:
560:. 2005
533:
409:, the
355:London
214:Newark
132:writer
104:Fields
466:Death
370:slave
136:nurse
116:nurse
2034:2021
1978:2020
1904:2019
1853:2018
1802:2017
1751:2016
1700:2015
1649:2014
1598:2013
1547:2012
1496:2011
1445:2010
1371:2009
1320:2008
1269:2007
1218:2006
1172:2005
1121:2004
1070:2003
1019:2002
968:2001
897:2000
736:ISBN
663:ISSN
531:ISBN
390:WCAU
368:and
146:and
114:and
51:Died
29:Born
261:in
220:in
210:GED
2081::
783:.
758:.
709:.
689:,
657:.
642:^
626:.
609:^
593:.
573:^
556:.
545:^
507:^
496:,
486:^
454:.
308:.
293:.
228:.
170:).
150:.
142:,
138:,
134:,
110:,
867:e
860:t
853:v
836:.
815:.
794:.
769:.
744:.
719:.
675:.
636:.
603:.
567:.
539:.
349:(
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.