204:
271:
409:
in July 1331, and persuaded the
Archbishop of Trondheim to order an examination of the election. They were ultimately unsuccessful, as no confirmation is attested. Despite this success, Bernard's episcopate was not long-lasting, as he had died by 10 June 1331. Although the last notice of Bernard in
372:
Bernard's name was certainly on the
Declaration of Arbroath, and as chancellor he certainly had some role. He held this administrative office throughout his time as Abbot of Arbroath, until his election as Bishop of the Isles by 1328. He would have had a significant role in royal government and the
381:
The years of service offered by
Bernard were rewarded in the winter of 1327/8, when he was advanced to the bishopric of the Isles, a bishopric King Robert had reserved for his own patronage back in 1324. This election likely occurred between 9 November 1327 and 14 January 1328. The office of
373:
issue of charters, and many royal acts are dated by
Bernard's whereabouts. His role as chancellor appears to have been used for the benefit of his abbey with nine of the sixteen royal charters extant from the period 1312–3 having the abbey as the beneficiary.
382:
chancellor, and the accompanying salary of 200 marks, was resigned by
Bernard later in the year, probably on 3 April 1328. King Robert assigned Bernard £100 towards the expenses of his election, and was granted the grain tithes from the lands of the church of
294:, where Arbroath Abbey is located. The Abbot of Arbroath at the time, John de Angus, appears to have been an English appointee, and was subsequently ejected from office. On 1 November 1309, John de Angus was "released" from the responsibility of his office by the
317:
Bernard was elected as the new abbot sometime in 1310, probably by August. John de Angus continued to be styled "Abbot of
Arbroath" in English sources, though he became a Scottish prisoner in 1312 and was holding Haltwhistle from the
361:, a document from his period as Abbot of Arbroath. Professor A. A. M. Duncan doubts this however, arguing that "the skilled use of the papal cursus in that text points rather to a professional rhetorician". Professor
357:, from which Bower quoted many lines. It may however have come from another Arbroath monk, as Bower appears to hint elsewhere. Bernard has been widely credited since the eighteenth century as the author of the
643:, p. 262; the former date is the date of the last document in which Bernard is styled simply "abbot" and the latter date is the date of the first document in which he was styled "bishop-elect".
1080:
342:, and resolution of earlier tit-for-tat acts of hostility against each other, like the seizing of goods from Scottish merchants in Norway and the kidnapping by the Scots of the Steward of Orkney.
191:, and although there is no direct evidence for this, he nevertheless probably played a role. By early 1328, his service to the king had earned him a bishopric – the
231:. A document dated 1296 x 1305, names one otherwise unknown Roger as Abbot of Kilwinning, meaning that Bernard had ceased to hold this position by 1305 at the latest.
262:
first argued that
Bernard of Arbroath was the same as Bernard of Kilwinning, rather than Bernard de Linton, in 1988, and has since been accepted by other historians.
326:
to negotiate an agreement with the
Norwegian king. He returned in February 1312, and on 29 October 1312 Norwegian ambassadors met King Robert at
815:
Chronica regum
Manniae et Insularum: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys from the Manuscript Codex in the British Museum, with Historical Notes
1075:
1002:
905:
74:
187:
A senior figure in the administration of
Scotland during the 1310s and 1320s, he is widely said by modern writers to have drafted the
169:
420:
further notes that he was buried at Kilwinning Abbey, his original monastery and the location where he first rose through the ranks.
880:
854:
836:
790:
757:
736:
366:
234:
Although once regarded as a historical dead-end, it is now established that this Bernard was the same Tironensian who was later
771:
The Bishops of Scotland : Being Notes on the Lives of All the Bishops, under Each of the Sees, Prior to the Reformation
1070:
1065:
1050:
383:
1060:
875:, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 24 (Revised ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Record Society,
849:, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 25 (Revised ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Record Society,
778:
389:
He was consecrated between 26 June and 12 November 1328, perhaps in Norway, where the see's metropolitan, the
726:
390:
358:
303:
290:, as "Dom Bernard the Chancellor". It was in 1308 that Robert finally got full control over the province of
188:
1024:
235:
177:
89:
335:
909:
354:
227:
by the English king in one of the following years, probably retiring to another Tironensian monastery,
1055:
295:
283:
48:
1017:
992:
946:
914:
703:
683:
243:
220:
192:
173:
165:
84:
28:
412:
969:
886:
876:
860:
850:
832:
786:
753:
323:
287:
247:
239:
181:
94:
319:
224:
138:
813:
745:
362:
339:
291:
259:
38:
731:
725:
311:
228:
203:
1044:
824:
216:
410:
any contemporary document dates to 1328, it is very likely he died in 1331, as the
346:
212:
766:
386:, for seven years, to complement the meagre income of the diocese of the Isles.
299:
150:
913:
923:
393:, resided. Bernard's election was not straightforward, as some the "canons of
270:
255:
157:
890:
873:
The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries
864:
800:
195:– a position he held for three or four years before his death in 1331.
327:
275:
369:(Kinninmonth) was a more likely candidate, on similar reasoning to Duncan.
785:, Regesta Regum Scottorum, vol. 5, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
398:
307:
211:
The name "Bernard abbe de Kilwynin" (abbot of Kilwinning) occurs on the
394:
406:
251:
161:
350:
331:
269:
202:
153:
922:. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Blackie and Son. p. 212 – via
322:
by 1313. After his blessing as abbot, Bernard traveled to the
223:
after this year, but it is possible that he was ejected from
215:, 28 August 1296, and he is recorded again in a document of
274:
A modern photograph of Arbroath Abbey, showing distinctive
246:. Since 1726, Bernard had been erroneously identified with
401:
of the diocese, had elected a different successor, Cormac
258:, a name which occurs only in the Ragman Rolls. Professor
750:
Robert Bruce & The Community of the Realm of Scotland
503:, p. 282, n. 1; Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)".
176:
in 1296, disappearing for a decade before re-emerging as
172:. He first appears in the records already established as
752:(3rd ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1081:
Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
831:, vol. 6, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press,
818:, vol. i (Rev. ed.), Douglas: Manx Society
812:
Munch, Peter Andreas; Goss, Alexander, eds. (1988),
416:
said he was bishop during four different years. The
847:
Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638
829:
Scotichronicon by Walter Bower in Latin and English
131:
119:
114:
106:
101:
80:
70:
62:
54:
44:
34:
20:
538:Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)"; Watt & Shead,
452:Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)"; Watt & Shead,
345:The fifteenth-century Lowland Scottish chronicler
622:
620:
618:
616:
597:, p. 308; Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)".
482:, p. 362, n. 59; Watt & Murray,
282:From 1308, Bernard appears in the charters of
266:Chancellor of Scotland & Abbot of Arbroath
920:A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen
740:. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
550:
548:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
435:
433:
8:
845:Watt, D. E. R.; Murray, A. L., eds. (2003),
164:active in late 13th- and early 14th-century
871:Watt, D. E. R.; Shead, N. F., eds. (2001),
930:
17:
219:on 25 December. Bernard is unrecorded as
823:Shead, Norman F.; Stevenson, Wendy B.;
805:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
429:
338:. The treaty involved a renewal of the
769:(1912), Thomson, John Maitland (ed.),
349:attributed to Abbot Bernard a poem in
7:
207:Kilwinning Abbey as it stands today.
773:, Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons
405:. Cormac's representatives were in
669:, p. 282; Watt & Murray,
170:First War of Scottish Independence
14:
807:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
486:, p. 262; Watt & Shead,
737:Dictionary of National Biography
529:Duncan, "Bernard (d. 1330/31)".
314:, which belonged to the abbey.
53:
724:Archer, Thomas Andrew (1885).
1:
987:Gillebrìghde MacGilleFhaolain
783:The Acts of Robert I, 1306-29
66:Gillebrìghde MacGilleFhaolain
1076:Lord chancellors of Scotland
1097:
110:26 June x 12 November 1328
87:(x 1296–1296 x 1305)
1031:
1022:
1014:
1009:
999:
990:
984:
976:
967:
961:
953:
951:x 1296–1296 x 1305
944:
938:
933:
799:Duncan, A. A. M. (2004),
727:"Bernard (d.1333?)"
556:Medieval Religious Houses
540:Medieval Religious Houses
488:Heads of Religious Houses
469:, pp. 198–203.
454:Heads of Religious Houses
441:Heads of Religious Houses
27:
92:(1306 x 1308–1328)
1029:1306 x 1308–1328
997:1327 x 1328–1331
584:, pp. 360–5.
490:, pp. 5, 127.
391:Archbishop of Trondheim
359:Declaration of Arbroath
189:Declaration of Arbroath
1025:Chancellor of Scotland
910:Thomson, Thomas Napier
801:"Bernard (d. 1330/31)"
705:Chronica regum Manniae
685:Chronica regum Manniae
367:Alexander de Kininmund
279:
236:Chancellor of Scotland
208:
193:bishopric of the Isles
178:Chancellor of Scotland
90:Chancellor of Scotland
58:1327 x 1328–1331
689:; Watt & Murray,
355:Battle of Bannockburn
306:, a parish church in
298:, though he retained
273:
206:
149:(died c. 1331) was a
1071:Bishops of the Isles
1066:Abbots of Kilwinning
334:, and agreed to the
296:Bishop of St Andrews
49:Diocese of the Isles
1051:13th-century births
1018:Nicholas de Balmyle
1010:Government offices
993:Bishop of the Isles
947:Abbot of Kilwinning
639:Watt & Murray,
626:Watt & Murray,
377:Bishop of the Isles
336:Treaty of Inverness
244:Bishop of the Isles
221:abbot of Kilwinning
199:Abbot of Kilwinning
174:Abbot of Kilwinning
85:Abbot of Kilwinning
29:Bishop of the Isles
1061:Abbots of Arbroath
702:Munch & Goss,
682:Munch & Goss,
554:Watt & Shead,
439:Watt & Shead,
418:Chronicles of Mann
413:Chronicles of Mann
280:
209:
1039:
1038:
1034:Walter de Twynham
1032:Succeeded by
1000:Succeeded by
977:Succeeded by
970:Abbot of Arbroath
954:Succeeded by
934:Religious titles
324:Kingdom of Norway
288:King of the Scots
248:Bernard de Linton
240:Abbot of Arbroath
182:Abbot of Arbroath
144:
143:
97:(1310–1328)
95:Abbot of Arbroath
1088:
1015:Preceded by
985:Preceded by
974:1310–1328
962:Preceded by
939:Preceded by
931:
927:
917:
906:Chambers, Robert
893:
867:
841:
819:
808:
795:
779:Duncan, A. A. M.
774:
762:
746:Barrow, G. W. S.
741:
729:
710:
700:
694:
680:
674:
663:
657:
650:
644:
637:
631:
624:
611:
604:
598:
591:
585:
578:
572:
565:
559:
552:
543:
536:
530:
527:
504:
497:
491:
476:
470:
463:
457:
450:
444:
437:
320:Bishop of Durham
225:Kilwinning Abbey
139:Kilwinning Abbey
115:Personal details
81:Previous post(s)
18:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1005:
1003:Thomas de Rossy
996:
988:
980:
973:
965:
957:
950:
942:
915:"Bernard"
904:
901:
899:Further reading
896:
883:
870:
857:
844:
839:
827:, eds. (1991),
822:
811:
798:
793:
777:
765:
760:
744:
732:Stephen, Leslie
723:
719:
714:
713:
701:
697:
691:Fasti Ecclesiae
681:
677:
671:Fasti Ecclesiae
664:
660:
651:
647:
641:Fasti Ecclesiae
638:
634:
628:Fasti Ecclesiae
625:
614:
605:
601:
592:
588:
579:
575:
566:
562:
553:
546:
537:
533:
528:
507:
498:
494:
484:Fasti Ecclesiae
477:
473:
464:
460:
451:
447:
438:
431:
426:
379:
363:G. W. S. Barrow
340:Treaty of Perth
268:
260:A. A. M. Duncan
201:
136:
127:
124:
93:
88:
75:Thomas de Rossy
39:Catholic Church
23:
12:
11:
5:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
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1053:
1043:
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1021:
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1012:
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1007:
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1001:
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989:
986:
982:
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978:
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963:
959:
958:
955:
952:
943:
940:
936:
935:
929:
928:
900:
897:
895:
894:
881:
868:
855:
842:
837:
825:Watt, D. E. R.
820:
809:
796:
791:
775:
763:
758:
742:
720:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:, vol. i
695:
675:
673:, p. 262.
658:
656:, p. 281.
645:
632:
630:, p. 262.
612:
610:, p. 308.
599:
586:
582:Scotichronicon
580:Shead et al.,
573:
571:, p. 201.
560:
544:
531:
505:
492:
471:
458:
456:, p. 127.
445:
443:, p. 127.
428:
427:
425:
422:
378:
375:
312:Northumberland
267:
264:
229:Arbroath Abbey
200:
197:
142:
141:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
99:
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82:
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68:
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60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
31:
25:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1093:
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1046:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1004:
995:
994:
983:
972:
971:
964:John de Angus
960:
949:
948:
937:
932:
925:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
902:
898:
892:
888:
884:
882:0-902054-18-X
878:
874:
869:
866:
862:
858:
856:0-902054-19-8
852:
848:
843:
840:
838:0-08-041222-X
834:
830:
826:
821:
817:
816:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
792:0-85224-543-2
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:
759:0-85224-539-4
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:
733:
728:
722:
721:
716:
708:
706:
699:
696:
693:, p. 262
692:
688:
686:
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676:
672:
668:
662:
659:
655:
649:
646:
642:
636:
633:
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541:
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532:
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514:
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421:
419:
415:
414:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
376:
374:
370:
368:
365:thought that
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
315:
313:
309:
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272:
265:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Melrose Abbey
214:
205:
198:
196:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:, during the
167:
163:
159:
158:administrator
155:
152:
148:
140:
134:
130:
122:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
96:
91:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
47:
43:
40:
37:
33:
30:
26:
19:
16:
1023:
991:
968:
945:
919:
872:
846:
828:
814:
804:
782:
770:
767:Dowden, John
749:
735:
704:
698:
690:
684:
678:
670:
666:
661:
653:
648:
640:
635:
627:
608:Robert Bruce
607:
602:
595:Robert Bruce
594:
589:
581:
576:
569:Robert Bruce
568:
563:
558:, p. 5.
555:
542:, p. 5.
539:
534:
500:
495:
487:
483:
480:Robert Bruce
479:
474:
466:
461:
453:
448:
440:
417:
411:
402:
388:
380:
371:
347:Walter Bower
344:
316:
281:
233:
213:Ragman Rolls
210:
186:
146:
145:
107:Consecration
15:
1056:1331 deaths
300:Haltwhistle
151:Tironensian
63:Predecessor
1045:Categories
924:Wikisource
717:References
353:about the
278:colouring.
256:Mordington
137:Buried in
891:0143-9448
865:0143-9448
687:, vol. i
384:Abernethy
330:in royal
328:Inverness
276:sandstone
126:uncertain
71:Successor
55:In office
979:Geoffrey
912:(1857).
781:(1988),
748:(1988),
665:Dowden,
652:Dowden,
606:Barrow,
593:Barrow,
567:Barrow,
499:Dowden,
478:Barrow,
465:Duncan,
403:Cormacii
308:Tynedale
284:Robert I
166:Scotland
734:(ed.).
667:Bishops
654:Bishops
501:Bishops
397:", the
395:Snizort
147:Bernard
135:c. 1331
123:unknown
22:Bernard
889:
879:
863:
853:
835:
789:
756:
407:Bergen
304:rector
252:parson
162:bishop
102:Orders
35:Church
956:Roger
730:. In
424:Notes
351:Latin
332:Moray
292:Angus
180:then
154:abbot
941:John
887:ISSN
877:ISBN
861:ISSN
851:ISBN
833:ISBN
787:ISBN
754:ISBN
467:Acts
399:seat
242:and
160:and
132:Died
120:Born
302:as
254:of
45:See
1047::
918:.
908:;
885:,
859:,
803:,
615:^
547:^
508:^
432:^
310:,
286:,
250:,
238:,
184:.
156:,
926:.
709:.
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