657:. In hospital doctors found a small metallic pellet containing the poison ‘ricin’ in Markov's right thigh which was the cause of his death. However, following further research it was discovered that Markov was not killed via the ‘Bulgarian umbrella’ but the poison was injected into him via a smaller murder weapon. A reconstruction of this killer umbrella is displayed at the Berlin Spy Museum. This event caused a climax in the secret intelligence operations during the Cold War, with the ‘Bulgarian Umbrella’ turning into a "synonym for cold-blooded, well-organized, and deadly operations, particularly those associated with socialist state security services".
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ran over the Havel River, bordering East and West Berlin. The
Glienicker Bridge was a crucial location during the Cold War as it was used to exchange spies from East and West Germany, becoming known as "the bridge of spies". Following renovations, the museum opened on 19 September 2015, 25 years after the end of the Cold War. Shortly after the museums opening, the business encountered some financial issues with its innovative funding model, resulting in its temporary closure. After some careful planning to improve the financial concept of the museum, it reopened on 29 July 2016 as the "German Spy Museum".
557:, making it a frontier for the Cold War and eventually becoming known as the international capital of espionage. Owing to the continuous growth of arsenal between the two superpowers during the Cold War, there was an aim to move towards a more peaceful and secure world. The Cold War was not a traditional war in the sense of guns and weapons. It used spies and espionage as a method of "indirect war". The Cold War saw old warfare tactics being substituted with modernised tactics and technologies such as spying and
707:, but had a series of rotors and wheels that could be changed to encode messages in 150 different ways. The German cipher machine was predominantly used throughout World War II to encrypt communications. Unknown to the Germans, the allies were able to decrypt and read the messages, but they continued to update and improve the Enigma machine in the belief that it would be more secure. One of the models of the Enigma machine, initially used by the German military, can be viewed in the museum.
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581:(GDR) in 1949. The Stasi was a secret police organisation that closely monitored the activity of their citizens, and other states. In order to assert their power and dominance in the GDR, the Stasi used a vast network of civilians to spy on each other in order to collect information on suspects. By the 1950s the Stasi had developed a huge network of 274,000 employed spies and agents.
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190:, formerly known as the "death strip", as it lies on the perimeters of the wall which once divided East and West Berlin. The museum acts as an educational institution, with its permanent exhibitions bridging together centuries of espionage stories and tactics, immersing visitors in a multi-media experience. The museum particularly focuses on the World Wars and the
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598:. Following the construction of the Berlin Wall espionage became more difficult for spies who formerly travelled from East to West Berlin to gather information, resulting in them having to modernise their espionage tactics to use a more technical approach. The construction of the Berlin Wall also initiated the
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The odour capture was a technique to capture and trace individuals via their smell. This technique was used by the Stasi during the Cold War as an investigative tool to establish an opponent's identity. One of these odour jar artefacts is on display in the Berlin Spy Museum. The odour jars are often
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Berlin was considered "the most valuable base in the world for espionage against the Soviet Bloc until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961". Half of the
British Secret Intelligence Service (M16) total strength was concentrated in Berlin at the end of the 1950s. The construction of the Berlin
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Garamantis is a business that was founded in Berlin in 2014 by a group of software developers. Garamantis designs and invents interactive installations like the multi-touch scanner table and the interactive multi-touch display case which are used in the Berlin Spy Museum. The business aims to create
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The entrance to the museum has security cameras peering down on the visitors, setting the scene for the entire facility as substantive focus of the exhibition is on data acquisition in the
Internet Age. These security cameras highlight the issue of surveillance, data and security which effects every
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The museums original building was constructed for a logistics company. After the building was bought, serious renovations needed to be completed to it in order for it to turn into a museum. The architecture of the museum was designed by Frank
Wittmer and was inspired by the Glienicker Bridge, which
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Laser maze: visitors become physically tested through the laser maze obstacle course. The tricky course relates to the challenges many spies are faced with in spy films. Visitors are able to try to complete the course themselves through finding the most efficient way through the laser maze without
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The museum was designed to educate its visitors through its hands-on, interactive exhibits in the 3.000 m (32.000 sq ft) exhibition space. The exhibitions within the museum were designed by Bänfer
Kartenbeck. Garamantis and Arts Electronica companies helped create and conceive the leading edge and
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meaning "odour sample"), the date and time the sample was taken and the name of the person it belongs. In 1979 the Stasi began to archive hundreds of "suspected political dissidents" smells through collecting their odours on materials such as clothing and storing them in air-tight jars. The Stasi
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Garamantis invented all the interactive technologies and a software system for the Berlin Spy Museum, in collaboration with designs from arts electronica. The high-tech designs are displayed on 200 screens throughout the museum. The museum contains a large display-wall called the "Spy Watch" that
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The Berlin Spy Museum is focused on major historical events such as the building of the Berlin Wall and the Berlin
Blockade. The Museum has a number of exhibits, installations and artefacts about such events. Spying has been around since ancient times including in the Cold War, "if the Great War
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As curator of the museum, Franz-Michael Günther decision to collaborate with
Garamantis to create the museum allowed his complex vision to be created. Günther said "Garamantis's ideas and networks, like the interactive display cases, have opened up new and innovative ways of presentation for our
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Original artifacts have been collected over the years and realistic replicas have been created to expose visitors to methods and tactics used by spies and secret services throughout history. The artefacts were sourced by the curators and historians of the museum, with many of the replicas being
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onto paper. The cipher machine is similar to the Enigma device that was used to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication during World War II. The design of the Fialka is largely based on the Enigma design, although the Fialka exposes some of Enigma's flaws and weaknesses.
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which inspired him to discover more about the pre-history of spies. From 2004, Günther's passion for spying expanded, resulting in him collecting and planning the creation of the Berlin spy museum. Günther collected historically significant artefacts from former secret service workers and
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is an electro-mechanical rotor cipher machine created by the USSR in the 1950s and was used during the Cold War. Most of the machines have been destroyed, but one of the remaining
Fialkas is on display at the Berlin Spy Museum. The Fialka encrypts and decodes messages written in
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eventually built an extensive scent archives in the belief that individual's odours could be preserved and that trained canine noses could detect them. Odours were captured in a number of ways by the Stasi, for example from the cars or houses of suspected individuals, or from
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contemporary witnesses to create a museum dedicated to spying and espionage, which was once at the city of Berlin's centre. The museum creates an educational experience for visitors and aims to demonstrate an objective, non-biased perspective of espionage throughout history.
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through a range of a 1000 different exhibits and artefacts. Since its opening in 2015, 1,000,000 people have visited the museum and recently in 2020 it was nominated for the
European Museum of the Year Award. The Berlin Spy Museum is partnered with the
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belonged to the soldier in the trenches, the Cold War surely belonged to the spy". The notion of spying involves "entering an opponent's zone under false pretences to get information". In 1945, the city of Berlin was split between the
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puzzles which expose how much information
Facebook beholds on its users and what happens with our information. Visitors can also check the security of their passwords through a Password Hacker that tests the strength of a user's
565:. Operation Gold involved the British and American intelligence organisations creating tunnels underneath the soviet occupied zone of East Berlin to try and tap into their telephone wires and gather information on the enemy.
235:, as "no place symbolises the Cold War more than Berlin". Located on the previous division between East and West Berlin, the museum is positioned in a popular spot, surrounded by other tourist destinations like the
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which saw the USSR, in June 1948, cut off resources entering the western half of Berlin (Van Tonder 2017). In response to this, the US flew cargo plans with resources over the Berlin Wall to sustain the city.
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leading edge technology in order to modernise museums in the digital age. Creating digital and interactive technology in museums also enhances their prestige and allows them to appeal to a wider audience.
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The multimedia activities in the museum are presented on 200 different HD-screens and projections. The museum holds a range of activities that involve guests both physically and intellectually such as:
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was the most famous encryption machine of World War II. The encoding device was invented in 1918 by the German, Dr. Arthur Scherbius. The Enigma machine resembled the construction of an old school
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Bug detectors: visitors are put under a time limit to try and find listening devices in a room using a bug detector. A replica of an office is created to try make the activity as real as possible.
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Georgi Markov was a Bulgarian writer and critic of communism. On 7 September 1978 the author believed he was shot with poison in London by a man with an umbrella who was associated with the
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individual in the modern world of the 21st century. Interactive activities in the museum have the ability to stimulate visitors’ senses so that they feel fully immersed in the experience.
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The exhibits are positioned in chronological order, creating a physical timeline that visitors can walk through, beginning with secret scriptures from antiquity and ending with the recent
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561:. Information and knowledge became the most important and resourceful weapon during the Cold War, which led to the creation of sophisticated methods of spying such as
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touching a light beam. Spectators can watch other visitors of the museum manage their way through the maze via thermal imaging cameras and motion detectors.
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which was created by former journalist Franz-Michael Günther. The museum opened to the public on 19 September 2015. Günther's aspirations were to create a
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debate. The 10-meter long timeline creates a grand introduction for visitors through presenting the historical developments of spying from
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Prior to his creation of the Berlin Spy Museum, curator Franz-Michael Günther worked as a television journalist reporting on the
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devoted to the history of spies and espionage in the former spy capital of Germany. The museum is located in the central area of
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stations which are positioned in the WWI section of the museum and allows visitors to send secret messages through Morse code.
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films. The Berlin Spy Museum has accumulated a collection of artefacts, particularly on WWII and the Cold War:
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exhibition concept" resulting in their designs becoming a part of the permanent exhibition.
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Günther's final decision on the location of the museum was in the city centre of Berlin at
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Quiz stations which test the visitor's knowledge of spying and conspiracy theories.
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Glajar, Valentina; Lewis, Alison; Petrescu, Corina L., eds. (August 2019).
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This article is about Spy Museum Berlin. For information about spies, see
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The history of the Stasi : East Germany's secret police, 1945-1990
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Intrusments of war: weapons and technologies that have changed history
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Berlin on the brink the blockade, the airlift, and the early Cold War
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824:"Deutsches Spionagemuseum Berlin | Deutschlands einziges Spy Museum"
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high-tech multimedia exhibits and interactive models in the museum.
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Interrogation Nation : refugees and spies in Cold War Germany
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875:"THE GLIENICKE BRIDGE OR BRIDGE OF SPIES, BERLIN | Coldwarsites"
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Stasi : the untold story of the East German secret police
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Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples
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labelled with information such as GK (the abbreviation for
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The main topics of the exhibitions within the museum are:
915:"German Spy Museum: the shadow worlds of secret services"
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Wall in 1961 was built to stop the migration wave from
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Encoding and decoding messages through the rotor-based
22:. For further reading about the history of Berlin, see
1255:"Key Space and Period of Fialka M-125 Cipher Machine"
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Postmedieval: A Journal of Medieval Cultural Studies
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957:"Spy Museum Berlin: On the Trail of Secret Agents"
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729:"Berlin museum bring spies in from the cold"
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1565:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
1253:Antal, Eugen; Zajac, Pavol (3 April 2015).
1152:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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465:plays more than 150 videos simultaneously
346:(Secret services in East and West Germany)
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1404:. California: ABC-CLIO. LLC. p. 283.
1303:Nehring, Christopher (22 November 2016).
150:U-Bahn and S-Bahn station Potsdamer Platz
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756:The German wall : fallout in Europe
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368:Conspiracy Theories and Espionage (
440:in 1978 with a poisoned umbrella.
365:Animals Used as Spies e.g. pigeons
284:which was a campaign to eliminate
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623:collected form the props used in
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1118:Gieseke, Jens (1964- ). (2015).
855:. University Press of Kentucky.
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1626:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation)
1309:Journal of Intelligence History
404:Espionage in Present and Future
3026:2015 establishments in Germany
1642:Early modern period, 1500–1800
1530:List of early Germanic peoples
849:Harrington, Daniel F. (2012).
753:Silberman, Marc 1948- (2011).
313:The History of Espionage from
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2995:Monument to Freedom and Unity
1765:History of Germany since 1990
1321:10.1080/16161262.2016.1258248
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29:Spy Museum in Berlin, Germany
1271:10.1080/01611194.2014.915264
1237:. Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
3041:Museums established in 2015
1089:. Temple University Press.
64:19 September 2015
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2482:Lists of museums in Europe
1672:North German Confederation
1652:Confederation of the Rhine
1233:Van Tonder, Gerry (2017).
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389:Secret Services and Poison
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1824:Administrative divisions
828:Deutsches Spionagemuseum
247:the Bundesrat of Germany
197:International Spy Museum
1426:(in English and German)
1054:. U of Nebraska Press.
897:America's war on terror
178:is a private museum in
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2085:Science and technology
1786:History of Brandenburg
1677:Unification of Germany
1667:Frankfurt Constitution
1353:Smith, Mark M (2012).
1083:Axinn, Sidney (2009).
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317:until the Present Age
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263:Neuer Nationalgalerie
251:Topography of Terrors
147:Public transit access
134:Franz-Michael Günther
56:The Berlin Spy Museum
2928:Alte Nationalgalerie
2394:World Heritage Sites
2072:German states by GDP
1662:German Confederation
1400:Tucker, C.S (2015).
1371:10.1057/pmed.2012.35
986:Museumsportal Berlin
961:Ars Electronica Blog
895:Watson, R.p (2013).
727:Barfield, T (2015).
290:11 September attacks
225:Prinzessinnenpalais
2989:Museum of Asian Art
2985:Ethnological Museum
2955:James Simon Gallery
2751:States with limited
2030:Automobile industry
1616:Carolingian dynasty
1550:History of the Huns
481:Multimedia exhibits
460:The "Spywatch" wall
245:, Potsdamer Platz,
107:52.5089°N 13.3790°E
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2100:Telecommunications
1781:History of Prussia
1697:Revolution of 1918
1692:War guilt question
1611:Carolingian Empire
1580:Sack of Rome (410)
1489:History of Germany
1173:. Westview Press.
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1131:978-1-78238-254-6
1096:978-1-59213-957-6
1061:978-1-64012-200-0
932:Rackl, L (2015).
766:978-0-230-11857-7
519:Hands-on exhibits
356:Listening Devices
276:Glienicker bridge
176:Berlin Spy Museum
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213:Hackeschen Höfe,
201:Washington, D.C.
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386:(Spy exchanges)
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219:(also known as
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1413:External links
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2933:Neues Museum
2918:Altes Museum
2780:Transnistria
2742:Vatican City
2427:Bibliography
2301:Coat of arms
2281:Architecture
2258:Trade unions
2238:Prostitution
2198:Homelessness
2161:Demographics
2110:Trade unions
2077:
2067:German model
2040:Central bank
1984:Conservatism
1947:Human rights
1932:Court system
1927:Constitution
1907:
1753:Contemporary
1742:West Germany
1737:East Germany
1712:World War II
1707:Nazi Germany
1647:18th-century
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2753:recognition
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2228:Pornography
2203:Immigration
2166:Drug policy
2078:Mittelstand
2025:Agriculture
1989:Nationalism
1962:Transgender
1846:Earthquakes
1793:, 1583-1588
1791:Cologne War
1687:World War I
1589:Middle Ages
1575:Gothic Wars
1259:Cryptologia
830:(in German)
361:Spy Cameras
321:World War I
305:Exhibitions
255:Kulturforum
110: /
85:Coordinates
61:Established
52:Former name
3015:Categories
2950:Lustgarten
2692:San Marino
2652:Montenegro
2632:Luxembourg
2612:Kazakhstan
2515:Azerbaijan
2389:Television
2374:Philosophy
2349:Literature
2208:Irreligion
2193:Healthcare
2156:Corruption
1922:Chancellor
1911:(military)
1908:Bundeswehr
1070:1102416708
711:References
705:typewriter
683:See also:
625:James Bond
616:James Bond
596:Capitalism
491:Morse code
448:Garamantis
331:Cryptology
223:) and the
126:Spy Museum
98:13°22′44″E
95:52°30′32″N
68:2015-09-19
2808:Gibraltar
2627:Lithuania
2344:Libraries
2324:Festivals
2171:Education
2115:Transport
2080:companies
1999:President
1937:Elections
1902:Bundesrat
1897:Bundestag
1866:Mountains
1834:Districts
1812:Geography
1545:Visigoths
1482:Overviews
1387:144297694
1379:2040-5960
1337:152005214
1329:1616-1262
1279:0161-1194
1217:992493450
1189:740887561
1148:cite book
1140:971387409
1105:896098126
861:871958277
783:cite book
775:903289952
607:Artifacts
592:Socialism
569:The Stasi
514:password.
298:Communism
286:terrorism
257:with the
139:Architect
20:Espionage
3036:Cold War
2828:Svalbard
2813:Guernsey
2760:Abkhazia
2707:Slovenia
2702:Slovakia
2677:Portugal
2535:Bulgaria
2436:Category
2354:Internet
2339:Language
2329:Folklore
2248:Religion
2223:Pensions
2218:Naturism
2095:Taxation
1979:Lobbying
1952:Intersex
1885:Politics
1494:Timeline
1473:General
1466:articles
1287:34311909
738:17 April
642:Cyrillic
511:Facebook
500:machine
349:Spy Gear
344:Cold War
253:and the
192:Cold War
131:Director
76:Location
2979:in the
2732:Ukraine
2682:Romania
2642:Moldova
2600:Ireland
2595:Iceland
2590:Hungary
2580:Germany
2575:Georgia
2565:Finland
2560:Estonia
2555:Denmark
2540:Croatia
2525:Belgium
2520:Belarus
2510:Austria
2505:Armenia
2500:Andorra
2495:Albania
2413:Outline
2319:Fashion
2306:Cuisine
2268:Culture
2233:Poverty
2176:Germans
2139:Society
2120:Welfare
2105:Tourism
2062:Exports
2035:Banking
2013:Economy
1917:Cabinet
1856:Islands
1851:Geology
1774:Regions
1540:Teutons
1513:Ancient
1475:History
1462:Germany
207:History
155:Website
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2881:Berlin
2823:Jersey
2765:Kosovo
2727:Turkey
2717:Sweden
2697:Serbia
2687:Russia
2672:Poland
2667:Norway
2647:Monaco
2617:Latvia
2585:Greece
2570:France
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679:Enigma
637:Fialka
502:Enigma
498:cipher
426:cipher
296:under
184:museum
180:Berlin
24:Berlin
2798:Åland
2712:Spain
2637:Malta
2607:Italy
2420:Index
2384:Sport
2369:Names
2364:Music
2359:Media
2314:Dance
2186:Women
2151:Crime
2125:Women
1861:Lakes
1535:Goths
1383:S2CID
1333:S2CID
1283:S2CID
618:props
575:Stasi
374:Stasi
339:Radio
335:Morse
294:Stasi
240:, the
2334:Flag
2291:Arts
1957:LGBT
1375:ISSN
1325:ISSN
1275:ISSN
1213:OCLC
1185:OCLC
1175:ISBN
1154:link
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1126:ISBN
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993:2020
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857:OCLC
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771:OCLC
761:ISBN
740:2020
699:The
635:The
555:USSR
551:NATO
261:and
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1367:doi
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