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in March 1920. The restoration work was carried out on site under the direction of Kurt Kluge. For this purpose, the quadriga was encased in a wooden structure. Berliners spoke of the "highest horse stable in Berlin", but regardless of the weather, the work could be carried out in the dry without any
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family, from 1814 to 1919. The Kaiser granted this honour to the family in gratitude to Ernst von Pfuel, who had overseen the return of the quadriga to the top of the gate. In addition, the central archway was also used by the coaches of ambassadors on the single occasion of their presenting their
827:(then in Prussia, now Poland), who was appointed head court architect ("Oberhofbauampt", or Court Superintendent of Buildings) in 1788. Though he had designed many Neoclassical buildings, this was his first significant work in the Greek style, and his last major one; by 1792 he had designed a small
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used fire extinguishers to spray paint the
Brandenburg Gate's columns orange. The Last Generation is known for their unorthodox protest tactics, including gluing themselves to roads to block traffic. The mayor of Berlin, Kai Wegner, condemned the tactics, saying they "go beyond legitimate forms of
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or "Festival of
Freedom" on the evening of 9 November 2009. The high point of the celebrations was when over 1000 colourfully designed foam domino tiles, each over 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall, were lined up along the route of the former wall through the city centre. The domino "wall" was
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On 21 September 1956, the East Berlin magistrates decided to restore the only surviving but damaged former city gate. Despite heated arguments and mutual accusations, both parts of Berlin worked together on the restoration. The holes were patched, but were visible for many years. The quadriga was
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and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the
Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 (another being the Academy of Fine Arts). The gate was badly damaged with holes in the columns from bullets and nearby explosions. One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the
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On 13 August 2011, Germany marked the 50th anniversary of the day the Berlin Wall began construction with a memorial service and a minute of silence in memory of those who died trying to flee to the West. "It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming
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The
Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of €6 million. It was once again opened on 3 October 2002 following extensive refurbishment, for the 12th anniversary of German reunification. On this occasion, the Berlin office of Kardorff Ingenieure developed a new
1224:, the East German prime minister. Demolition of the rest of the wall around the area took place the following year. In 1990, the quadriga was removed from the gate as part of renovation work carried out by the East German authorities following the fall of the wall in November 1989. Germany was
1116:, three men took down the red flag on the roof of the Brandenburg Gate and, shortly after noon on 17 June 1953, hoisted the joint black-red-gold flag of East Germany and West Germany. One of the three men, Wolfgang Panzer, probably paid for this action with his life and was never seen again.
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ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol. As part of Berlin's transformation into the so-called "world capital
Germania", the gate was located on the east–west axis. A seven-kilometer-long section between the Brandenburg Gate and Adolf-Hitler-Platz (today
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occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin. Thousands of people gathered at the wall to celebrate its fall on 9 November 1989. On 22 December 1989, the
Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when
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of the gate mostly, but not entirely, follows Greek precedents, which had recently become much better understood by the publication of careful illustrated records. The Greek Doric does not have bases to the columns, and the fluting here follows the Greek style for
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protest." The mayor went on to say, "With these actions, this group is not only damaging the historic
Brandenburg Gate, but also our free discourse about the important issues of our time and future." Berlin police detained 14 people connected to the vandalism.
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avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve. After winning the
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Willmuth Arenhövel, Rolf Bothe (Hrsg.): Das
Brandenburger Tor 1791–1991. Eine Monographie. Mit Beiträgen von Laurenz Demps, Sibylle Einholz, Dominik Bartmann u. a. 2. verb. Auflage. Willmuth Arenhövel Verlag für Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte, Berlin 1991, ISBN
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499:. This faces into the city centre. It is the first quadriga group to be made since antiquity, made from copper sheets hammered in moulds; fortunately these moulds were kept, as they would be used more than once to renew the sculpture.
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around 1670 and its inclusion in Berlin's city fortifications, a first gate was built on the site, approximately at the level of today's
Schadowstraße, consisting of a breach through the raised wall and a drawbridge over the dug moat.
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After 1900, due to weathering and environmental damage, smaller and larger pieces of stone began to fall from the gate. Comprehensive renovation work began in 1913, which had to be interrupted by the outbreak of
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General
Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev,
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delay. The numerous sandstone reliefs were restored and partially renovated under the artistic direction of Wilhelm Wandschneider, who remodeled one of the centaur metopes with a different motif.
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922:, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its quadriga to Paris. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General
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The quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793. Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the central archway, as well as members of the
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had been very complete, but almost fatality-free, so the name seemed justified. Frederick William II had restored his brother-in-law to power in the Netherlands. But the
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was in his early forties when he came to the throne in 1786. He was determined to establish his capital of Berlin as a cultural centre. The military triumphs of his uncle
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The central portion is flanked by L-shaped wings on either side, at a lower height, but using the same Doric order. Next to, and parallel with, the gate these are open "
753:) in 1734, the latter of which enclosed the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs, a predecessor of today's Brandenburg Gate was built by the Court Architect
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completely recreated based on a plaster cast from 1942; the reconstruction was carried out by the sculptor Otto Schnitzer and the traditional foundry Hermann Noack in
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On 2–3 October 1990, the Brandenburg Gate was the scene of the official ceremony to mark the reunification of Germany. At the stroke of midnight on 3 October, the
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On the night of 5 January 2015, the lights illuminating the gate were completely shut off in protest against a protest held by far-right anti-Islamic group
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said. German Chancellor Angela Merkel—who grew up behind the wall in Germany's communist eastern part—also attended the commemoration. German President
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had led to further significant damage, particularly to the quadriga. Indeed, the gate was used as a firing position by government troops during both the
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for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch. The goddess, now definitely Victoria, was equipped with the Prussian eagle and
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columns, six to each side, forming five passageways. There are also walls between the pairs of columns at front and back, decorated with classicizing
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that is plain apart from wide steps at the sides receding in both directions, leading, on the east side only, to a large allegorical relief of the
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An early 19th-century engraving comparing the recently constructed Brandenburg Gate to (an imagined restoration of) its historical model: the
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generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again," Berlin Mayor
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The side wings have plain metopes, and simple angled roofs, ending in gable pediments with a small circular relief in the tympanum.
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added, "It has been shown once again: Freedom is invincible at the end. No wall can permanently withstand the desire for freedom."
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at the then newly opened Brandenburg Gate. In the concluding choral movement of the symphony, the "Ode to Joy", the word
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796:, Paris or London. His uncle's tastes had been those typical of his generation, drawing on French classicism and English
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sent the Dutch royal couple into exile in 1795, the first of many political upheavals throughout the gate's history.
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spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall. Addressing the
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visited the Brandenburg Gate. The Soviets hung large red banners across it to prevent him looking into East Berlin.
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The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the
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The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed to vehicle traffic, and much of the Pariser Platz has been turned into a
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inner-city park. The gate also forms the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, which leads directly to the former
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spoke at the Gate about nuclear arms reduction and the recently revealed U.S. internet surveillance activities.
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a power that could not be ignored in European politics, but Berlin lacked the monuments and cultural life of
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Vehicles and pedestrians could travel freely through the gate until the day after construction began on the
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444:". The 16 metopes along each of the long faces have scenes from Greek mythology in relief; many echo the
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and a century before today's Brandenburg Gate was constructed, Berlin was a small walled city within a
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Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events. After
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On 25 December 1989, less than two months after the Berlin Wall began to come down, the conductor
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lighting concept that emphasises the gate as the most important building on the Pariser Platz.
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In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor
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in Potsdam. The gate was the first element of a "new Athens on the river Spree" by Langhans.
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After Germany's surrender at the end of the war, the Brandenburg Gate was located in the
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The Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the
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began while construction was underway, and only a few years after it was completed, the
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and others were kept away from the gate, which they could view only from this distance.
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197:. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was erected on the site of a former
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flew from a flagpole atop the gate from 1945 until 1957, when it was replaced by an
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in 1990, it has been considered not only a symbol of the tumultuous histories of
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said: "The German Question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed."
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The Great War Diaries: Breathtaking Colour Photographs from a World Torn Apart
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The Brandenburg Gate is located in the western part of the city centre within
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Soviet troops raising the Red Banner on the quadriga after the fall of Berlin
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With the expansion of Dorotheenstadt to the west and the construction of the
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2572:"Lights off at Brandenburg Gate", 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
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With the Pariser Platz in 2005, following restoration and pedestrianization
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between the flutes, and rounded ends to the top and bottom of flutes. The
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2380:""Berlin is free!" President Clinton Brandenburg Gate, Berlin. July 1994"
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View without the quadriga, 1813. It was restored after Napoleon's defeat.
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Frederick William II summoned new German architects to Berlin, including
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2533:"Obama calls for reduction in nuclear arms in broad-brush Berlin speech"
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Floor plan of the Brandenburg Gate in its original (reconstructed) state
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2316:"Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin"
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596: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The central portion of the gate draws from the tradition of the Roman
209:. The current structure was built from 1788 to 1791 by orders of King
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2658:"Climate activists spray Berlin's Brandenburg Gate with orange paint"
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noted that the gate was not illuminated in Russian colours after the
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standard with a crowned Imperial eagle perched on top, rather than a
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The new (current) Brandenburg Gate in 1796, following reconstruction
2283:"Berlin feiert am Brandenburger Tor ins neue Jahr 2013 (in German)"
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spoke at the Brandenburg Gate about peace in post–Cold War Europe.
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2342:"Remembering Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech 25 years later"
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The old Brandenburg Gate in a 1764 engraving, 30 years before its
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2596:"Berlin: Für St. Petersburg leuchtet das Brandenburger Tor nicht"
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Anti-islamization rally in Germany met with countrywide protests
2506:"Reflecting on the Berlin Wall, 50 Years After Its Construction"
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Illuminations for expressions of solidarity of the German people
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as part of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall.
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and was not completed until 1926. Meanwhile, the events of the
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In February 2022, the gate was lit up with the colours of the
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This article is about the gate in Berlin. For other uses, see
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facilitated the growth of the city. With the construction of
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fighting men. Statues in niches at the furthest side wall of
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1817:. Willmuth Arenhövel, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-922912-26-5, p. 20
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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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The Oxford Handbook of Theology and Modern European Thought
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to the east, while to the immediate west it opens onto the
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National Monuments and Nationalism in 19th Century Germany
1886:. Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, Berlin
2611:"In pictures: Europe celebrates Ukraine Independence Day"
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from the original on 6 November 2021 – via YouTube.
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The Berlin Wall in front of the gate, shortly before its
2362:"Lessons from Reagan after "Tear down this wall" speech"
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352:, although in style it is one of the first examples of
808:(1770–71) was a much smaller monument, poised between
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Brandenburg Gate: Symbol of Division, Unity, Freedom
2155:(Kindle, 2014 ed.). London: Penguin Books Ltd.
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2424:"Fall of the Berlin Wall [slides/captions]"
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3158:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
2554:Bärgida und Gegendemonstration beendet (in German)
1508:walked through the Brandenburg Gate with Russia's
396:, which was in force until 1860, or "gatehouses".
2636:"World marks Ukraine's Independence Day amid war"
1815:Das Brandenburger Tor 1791–1991. Eine Monographie
201:that marked the start of the road from Berlin to
1800:Henschel, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-89487-215-2, S. 24
2480:"Germany Marks Construction of the Berlin Wall"
2454:"Germany marks 50th anniversary of Berlin Wall"
1570:was also held in front of the gate on the 31st
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1263:held their victory rally in front of the gate.
893:Synopsis of two cross sections of the gate, by
2125:. Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-8148-0076-1, S. 75.
1649:activists with orange paint, 17 September 2023
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2531:Roberts, Dan; Connolly, Kate (19 June 2013).
2508:. History.com. 11 August 2011. Archived from
2263:(in German). Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH. 2009
1798:Der Pariser Platz. Der Empfangssalon Berlins.
1631:during a solidarity protest, 24 February 2022
1056:In 1945, damaged state just after the end of
491:, the Roman goddess of victory, and given an
412:columns, with flat fillets rather than sharp
8:
3452:1791 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2585:, 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
2556:, 5 January 2015, retrieved 20 November 2015
2394:"Germany Celebrates Fall of the Berlin Wall"
2141:, 20th year, issue 10 (20 May 1939), p. 255.
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1174:troops line up along the border, August 1961
483:, the Greek goddess of peace, but after the
356:in Germany. The gate is supported by twelve
225:crowning the gate is a work by the sculptor
2123:Das Brandenburger Tor. Ein deutsches Symbol
1866:, "The Making of the Modern Metropolis" in
3447:Buildings and structures completed in 1791
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2570:Licht aus am Brandenburger Tor (in German)
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1274:. It is also the usual finish line of the
1268:2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics
934:on her lance with a wreath of oak leaves.
910:Soldiers firing round the quadriga in the
681:with its eighteen gates, around 1855. The
256:begins. One block to the north stands the
217:, based on designs by the royal architect
27:
656:Learn how and when to remove this message
2228:"Berlin: Generalprobe am Reißverschluss"
1905:Das Brandenburger Tor und sein Geheimnis
1870:, p. 68., Oxford University Press, 2013.
1240:then toppled in stages converging here.
1016:In 1871 with decorations and victorious
2937:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
2298:"Dramatic Scenes – Berlin Riots (1953)"
2064:Dedio, Florian; Dedio, Gunnar (2013). "
1884:"Denkmale in Berlin. Brandenburger Tor"
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3462:Greek Revival architecture in Germany
1688:List of tourist attractions in Berlin
1396:at the Brandenburg Gate, 12 June 1987
1314:Seen from the rooftop terrace of the
1290:Traffic through the gate in the 1990s
1272:2018 European Athletics Championships
717:Tor, St. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor,
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7:
2285:. Berliner Morgenpost. 4 March 2007.
2135:Umgestaltung des Brandenburger Tores
1346:speaking at the gate section of the
1266:It has also hosted street events at
594:adding citations to reliable sources
301:, the gateway was obstructed by the
3467:Neoclassical architecture in Berlin
2010:(in German). Karl Blessing Verlag.
1553:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
1492:black-red-gold flag of West Germany
838:The gate was originally called the
761:. The gate system consisted of two
3457:Classicist architecture in Germany
2486:. Associated Press. 13 August 2011
685:(Brandenburg Gate) is on the left.
266:), and further to the west is the
14:
3402:Monuments and memorials in Berlin
3397:Buildings and structures in Mitte
2713:A History of Western Architecture
2430:. 9 November 2009. Archived from
2400:. 9 November 2009. Archived from
1250:. The gate, along with the broad
1159:near the gate, Summer/Autumn 1961
260:, home to the German parliament (
21:Brandenburg Gate (disambiguation)
16:Triumphal arch in Berlin, Germany
3321:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
3219:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
3049:
2715:. London: Barrie & Jenkins.
2121:Michael S. Cullen, Uwe Kieling:
1672:
1620:
1601:
1582:
1564:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
1531:On 19 June 2013, U.S. President
1497:On 12 July 1994, U.S. President
1438:On 12 June 1987, U.S. President
1404:Problems playing this file? See
1382:
1322:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1179:
1164:
1148:
1128:, and remains in place in 2024.
1009:
997:
972:
886:
874:
862:
570:
542:
526:
507:
460:were added in the 19th century.
43:
3472:Frederick William II of Prussia
2609:Askew, Joshua (2 August 2022).
2296:British Pathé (13 April 2014).
2153:The Bombing War, Europe 1939–45
1953:. Silver, Burdett. p. 188.
1921:"Deutsches Historisches Museum"
1608:Lit up with the colours of the
1589:Lit up with the colours of the
1504:On 9 November 2009, Chancellor
782:Frederick William II of Prussia
733:, and status as capital of the
581:needs additional citations for
142:
3128:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
2183:. Hamburg: Hoffman und Campe.
2004:Müller, Titus (28 July 2016).
1261:Germany national football team
847:military victory it celebrated
757:as a city gate on the road to
729:. Relative peace, a policy of
549:Side view, showing one of the
424:follows Greek precedent, with
221:. The bronze sculpture of the
178:[ˈbʁandn̩ˌbʊʁɡɐˈtoːɐ̯]
1:
3432:Tourist attractions in Berlin
3422:Terminating vistas in Germany
2942:Monument to Freedom and Unity
2873:Deutsches Historisches Museum
2638:. Daily Sabah. 25 August 2022
2039:"225 Jahre Brandenburger Tor"
1653:On 17 September 2023, German
1627:Lit up in the colours of the
1350:on 12 June 1987, challenging
1029:Nazi Germany and World War II
981:Entry of Napoleon into Berlin
902:19th and early 20th centuries
3143:Museum Europäischer Kulturen
2687:Pohlsander, Hans A. (2008).
2181:Der Aufstand – 17. Juni 1953
2068:, Germany, before the war".
1811:Zur Baugeschichte des Tores.
1329:Brandenburg Gate August 2024
1114:East German uprising of 1953
205:, the former capital of the
3437:National symbols of Germany
3412:Triumphal arches in Germany
1595:November 2015 Paris attacks
1572:Independence Day of Ukraine
777:18th-century reconstruction
3488:
3118:Haus der Kulturen der Welt
2742:Events at Brandenburg Gate
1483:("Joy") was replaced with
713:with several named gates:
705:(1688), shortly after the
354:Greek Revival architecture
207:Margraviate of Brandenburg
18:
3334:
3047:
1970:Pocket Rough Guide Berlin
1704:– a similar structure in
1695:– a similar structure in
1270:and repeated its role in
1112:. In connection with the
814:Neoclassical architecture
244:. The gate dominates the
58:
42:
35:
3427:Heritage sites in Berlin
3103:Freie Universität Berlin
3088:Berlin Zoological Garden
2992:Vorderasiatisches Museum
2460:. London. 13 August 2011
1951:The World and Its People
1923:. Dhm.de. Archived from
1657:who call themselves the
1424:In 1963, U.S. President
986:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
962:of January 1919 and the
920:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
759:Brandenburg an der Havel
703:King Frederick William I
553:at the sides of the gate
473:Johann Gottfried Schadow
227:Johann Gottfried Schadow
203:Brandenburg an der Havel
3442:Prussian cultural sites
3417:Berlin border crossings
2784:Visitor attractions in
2232:Der Tagesspiegel Online
2151:Overy, Richard (2013).
1964:Sullivan, Paul (2016).
1949:Dunton, Larkin (1742).
1237:fall of the Berlin Wall
928:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
812:and a Roman-influenced
317:, but also of European
152:Design and construction
3163:Schloss Charlottenburg
3148:Natural History Museum
3026:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
1650:
1614:2016 Brussels bombings
1461:
1433:Richard von Weizsäcker
1369:
1359:
1208:
1102:Soviet occupation zone
1068:
1060:
1042:
915:
895:Carl Gotthard Langhans
841:
821:Carl Gotthard Langhans
765:pylons decorated with
750:
698:
686:
514:Frontal view with the
345:
219:Carl Gotthard Langhans
173:
161:Carl Gotthard Langhans
3229:German-Russian Museum
2987:Museum of Islamic Art
1644:
1368:
1342:
1203:
1066:
1055:
1036:
909:
845:or "Peace Gate"; the
692:
676:
518:looking west towards
442:Doric corner conflict
377:, the gateway to the
336:
236:, at the junction of
189:) is an 18th-century
3407:Landmarks in Germany
3301:Charlottenhof Palace
3133:Kaufhaus des Westens
3036:Topography of Terror
2972:Oranienburger Straße
2824:Berlin Wall Memorial
2814:Alte Nationalgalerie
2747:24 July 2019 at the
2261:"20 Jahre Mauerfall"
2080:Penguin Random House
1974:Penguin Random House
1471:in a version of the
1356:tear down this wall!
1226:officially reunified
1126:German Reunification
721:Tor, Neues Tor, and
590:improve this article
307:German reunification
211:Frederick William II
136:Construction started
3359:Transport in Berlin
3316:Potsdam Roman Baths
3293:Metropolitan region
3281:Soviet War Memorial
3168:Soviet War Memorial
2917:Humboldt University
2664:. 27 September 2023
2458:The Daily Telegraph
2322:on 15 November 2015
2215:Haus der Geschichte
1787:, p. 176, 180.
1469:Berlin Philharmonic
1457:tear down this wall
1392:Complete speech by
1377:Tear down this wall
1257:2014 FIFA World Cup
1252:Straße des 17. Juni
1213:Revolutions of 1989
1155:Aerial view of the
1078:Theodor-Heuss-Platz
1022:Franco-Prussian War
960:Spartacist uprising
956:November Revolution
944:letters of credence
912:Spartacist uprising
855:Batavian Revolution
786:Frederick the Great
747:Berlin Customs Wall
731:religious tolerance
679:Berlin Customs Wall
520:Straße des 17. Juni
394:Berlin Customs Wall
379:Acropolis of Athens
370:Labours of Hercules
343:Acropolis of Athens
254:Straße des 17. Juni
120:52.5163°N 13.3777°E
116: /
76:Architectural style
63:General information
3108:Gas Lantern Museum
3081:Bundespräsidialamt
2999:Platz der Republik
2856:Checkpoint Charlie
2512:on 25 January 2013
2434:on 27 October 2010
2404:on 29 October 2010
1966:"Brandenburg Gate"
1854:, p. 354–355.
1760:, p. 356–357.
1731:"Brandenburg Gate"
1651:
1370:
1360:
1316:Reichstag building
1209:
1137:Barbed Wire Sunday
1088:collection of the
1083:The gate survived
1069:
1061:
1043:
984:in 1806 after the
916:
790:Kingdom of Prussia
735:Kingdom of Prussia
699:
687:
683:Brandenburger Thor
605:"Brandenburg Gate"
346:
258:Reichstag building
250:Platz des 18. März
3379:
3378:
3224:East Side Gallery
3183:Tempelhof Airport
3093:Botanical Gardens
3031:Staatsoper Berlin
2922:Kronprinzenpalais
2700:978-3-03-911352-1
2162:978-0-141-92782-4
1655:climate activists
1568:candlelight vigil
1510:Mikhail Gorbachev
1465:Leonard Bernstein
1448:Mikhail Gorbachev
1387:
1352:Mikhail Gorbachev
1335:Political history
1228:in October 1990.
1090:Märkisches Museum
1053:
1020:troops after the
851:French Revolution
831:building for the
707:Thirty Years' War
666:
665:
658:
640:
487:was rebranded as
282:museum), and the
278:(now housing the
276:Prussian monarchs
252:beyond which the
174:Brandenburger Tor
166:
165:
37:Brandenburger Tor
3479:
3392:Gates in Germany
3178:Tauentzienstraße
3053:
3041:Unter den Linden
2900:Hackescher Markt
2851:Brandenburg Gate
2778:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2737:Official website
2726:
2704:
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2673:
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2331:
2329:
2327:
2318:. Archived from
2312:
2306:
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2026:
2024:
2007:Berlin Feuerland
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1909:Der Tagesspiegel
1902:
1896:
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1880:
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1693:Puerta de Alcalá
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1624:
1605:
1586:
1419:East German flag
1389:
1388:
1367:
1326:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1183:
1168:
1152:
1054:
1013:
1001:
976:
914:, 7 January 1919
890:
878:
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802:Brandenburg Gate
661:
654:
650:
647:
641:
639:
598:
574:
566:
546:
530:
511:
469:Triumph of Peace
284:Berlin Cathedral
238:Unter den Linden
188:
187:
186:
180:
170:Brandenburg Gate
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
125:52.5163; 13.3777
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
53:on the east side
47:
31:Brandenburg Gate
28:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3330:
3311:Orangery Palace
3287:
3271:Tierpark Berlin
3261:Oberbaum Bridge
3239:Köpenick Palace
3234:Karl-Marx-Allee
3207:
3173:Spandau Citadel
3076:Bellevue Palace
3071:Aquarium Berlin
3054:
3045:
3004:Potsdamer Platz
2982:Pergamon Museum
2883:Friedrichstraße
2788:
2782:
2749:Wayback Machine
2733:
2723:
2707:
2701:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2677:
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2392:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2368:. 12 June 2012.
2360:
2359:
2355:
2350:. 12 June 2012.
2340:
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2163:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:Verkehrstechnik
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2110:Pohlsander 2008
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2045:. 4 August 2016
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1927:on 24 June 2013
1919:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1850:
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1838:
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1825:
1821:
1809:Laurenz Demps:
1808:
1804:
1796:Laurenz Demps:
1795:
1791:
1785:Pohlsander 2008
1783:
1779:
1773:Pohlsander 2008
1771:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1659:Last Generation
1647:Last Generation
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1587:
1545:In April 2017,
1526:Christian Wulff
1450:, Reagan said,
1426:John F. Kennedy
1411:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1288:
1276:Berlin Marathon
1248:pedestrian zone
1198:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1098:
1045:
1031:
1024:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:Charles Meynier
977:
924:Ernst von Pfuel
904:
897:
891:
882:
879:
870:
867:
779:
755:Philipp Gerlach
701:In the time of
671:
662:
651:
645:
642:
599:
597:
587:
575:
564:
558:
554:
547:
538:
537:and bas-reliefs
531:
522:
512:
485:Napoleonic Wars
331:
293:and during the
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3329:
3328:
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3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
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3289:
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3284:
3283:
3276:Treptower Park
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3212:Eastern Berlin
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3193:Victory Column
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:Olympiastadion
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:Kurfürstendamm
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3059:Western Berlin
3056:
3055:
3048:
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3044:
3043:
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3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3012:
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2996:
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2989:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:Nikolaiviertel
2964:
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2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2905:Hackesche Höfe
2897:
2895:Gendarmenmarkt
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2875:
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2865:
2864:
2863:
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2843:
2842:
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2839:Humboldt Forum
2831:
2826:
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2816:
2811:
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2809:
2802:Alexanderplatz
2798:
2796:
2790:
2789:
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2732:
2731:External links
2729:
2728:
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2693:. Peter Lang.
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2211:Sites of Unity
2196:
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2143:
2127:
2114:
2112:, p. 180.
2102:
2088:
2082:. p. 50.
2056:
2030:
2016:
1996:
1982:
1976:. p. 72.
1956:
1938:
1912:
1897:
1872:
1856:
1844:
1842:, p. 356.
1829:
1827:3-922912-26-5.
1819:
1802:
1789:
1777:
1775:, p. 176.
1762:
1747:
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1680:Germany portal
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1629:Ukrainian flag
1626:
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1560:Ukrainian flag
1522:Klaus Wowereit
1473:Ninth Symphony
1467:conducted the
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1188:East Berliners
1185:
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739:Dorotheenstadt
697:reconstruction
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669:Previous gates
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280:Humboldt Forum
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3141:
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3124:
3123:Jewish Museum
3121:
3119:
3116:
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3109:
3106:
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3101:
3099:
3098:Europa-Center
3096:
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3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Allied Museum
3064:
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3057:
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3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
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3027:
3024:
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3021:Rotes Rathaus
3019:
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3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Pariser Platz
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Neue Synagoge
2955:
2953:
2952:Neptunbrunnen
2950:
2948:
2947:Museum Island
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2834:Berlin Palace
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2710:
2709:Watkin, David
2706:
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2253:
2241:
2237:
2234:(in German).
2233:
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2216:
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2208:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2190:3-455-09389-2
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2140:
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2131:
2128:
2124:
2118:
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2111:
2106:
2103:
2091:
2089:9781448141678
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2019:
2017:9783641125110
2013:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1997:
1985:
1983:9780241254622
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1939:
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1885:
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1869:
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1857:
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1759:
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1611:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1577:
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1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:, during the
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1512:and Poland's
1511:
1507:
1506:Angela Merkel
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Ronald Reagan
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1395:
1394:Ronald Reagan
1379:
1378:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:Ronald Reagan
1341:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1279:
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1227:
1223:
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1214:
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1177:
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1162:
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1144:
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1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1040:
1039:Pariser Platz
1035:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:
975:
970:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
947:
945:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
913:
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901:
896:
889:
884:
877:
872:
865:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:had made the
787:
783:
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
696:
691:
684:
680:
675:
668:
660:
657:
649:
646:December 2019
638:
635:
631:
628:
624:
621:
617:
614:
610:
607: –
606:
602:
601:Find sources:
595:
591:
585:
584:
579:This section
577:
573:
568:
567:
561:
559:
552:
545:
540:
536:
529:
524:
521:
517:
516:Pariser Platz
510:
505:
503:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
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366:
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351:
344:
340:
335:
328:
326:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:Pariser Platz
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
185:
179:
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171:
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138:
134:
129:
101:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
51:Pariser Platz
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3266:Stasi Museum
3250:Molecule Man
3248:
3198:Viktoriapark
3113:Hauptbahnhof
2962:Neues Museum
2888:Tränenpalast
2850:
2829:Berliner Dom
2819:Altes Museum
2712:
2689:
2681:Bibliography
2668:17 September
2666:. Retrieved
2661:
2652:
2642:12 September
2640:. Retrieved
2630:
2620:12 September
2618:. Retrieved
2604:
2590:
2577:
2561:
2550:Tagesspiegel
2545:
2537:The Guardian
2536:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:the original
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:the original
2397:
2388:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2345:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:the original
2310:
2291:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2204:
2199:
2180:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2070:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2006:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1969:
1959:
1950:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:the original
1915:
1908:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1867:
1864:Ward, Graham
1859:
1847:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1780:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1652:
1610:Belgian flag
1557:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1533:Barack Obama
1530:
1518:
1503:
1499:Bill Clinton
1496:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1462:
1453:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1412:
1376:
1265:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1210:
1206:fall in 1989
1141:Willy Brandt
1130:
1118:
1099:
1085:World War II
1082:
1070:
1058:World War II
979:
948:
946:to council.
936:
917:
839:
837:
818:
798:Palladianism
780:
744:
726:
700:
695:neoclassical
682:
652:
643:
633:
626:
619:
612:
600:
588:Please help
583:verification
580:
557:
501:
468:
465:attic storey
462:
457:
453:
398:
387:
368:
347:
299:fall in 1989
297:, until its
291:World War II
288:
261:
231:
193:monument in
191:neoclassical
169:
167:
157:Architect(s)
80:Neoclassical
25:
3354:Spree River
3339:Berlin Wall
3256:Müggelberge
3009:Sony Center
2927:Kulturforum
2912:Hotel Adlon
2878:Fernsehturm
2846:Bode Museum
2807:Weltzeituhr
2177:Guido Knopp
1852:Watkin 1986
1840:Watkin 1986
1758:Watkin 1986
1591:French flag
1514:Lech Wałęsa
1415:Soviet flag
1348:Berlin Wall
1245:cobblestone
1222:Hans Modrow
1218:Helmut Kohl
1172:East German
1157:Berlin Wall
1133:Berlin Wall
1110:West Berlin
964:Kapp Putsch
952:World War I
842:Friedenstor
751:Akzisemauer
448:in showing
418:entablature
401:Doric order
329:Description
303:Berlin Wall
272:City Palace
242:Ebertstraße
123: /
98:Coordinates
3386:Categories
3306:New Palace
3244:Uber Arena
3188:Tiergarten
2932:Lustgarten
2868:DDR Museum
2722:0712612793
2074:. London:
1972:. London:
1712:References
1645:Soiled by
1612:after the
1593:after the
1406:media help
1037:View from
932:Iron Cross
833:New Garden
829:neo-Gothic
800:, and his
719:Cöpenicker
616:newspapers
493:Iron Cross
420:up to the
410:Corinthian
268:Tiergarten
111:13°22′40″E
108:52°30′59″N
3349:Landmarks
3326:Sanssouci
3016:Reichstag
2581:Storify:
2539:. London.
2516:13 August
2490:13 August
2464:13 August
2438:31 August
2408:31 August
2326:9 January
2245:4 January
2240:1865-2263
2076:BBC Books
2049:10 August
2023:10 August
1735:berlin.de
1717:Citations
1702:Siegestor
1637:Vandalism
1477:Beethoven
1211:When the
1196:Post-1989
1186:In 1984,
1122:Friedenau
1071:When the
767:pilasters
749:(German:
727:(see map)
723:Leipziger
715:Spandauer
711:star fort
463:After an
446:Parthenon
426:triglyphs
375:Propylaea
339:Propylaea
263:Bundestag
199:city gate
172:(German:
144:Completed
92:, Germany
71:City gate
2745:Archived
2711:(1986).
2662:ABC News
2615:euronews
2484:Fox News
2366:CBS News
2347:CBS News
2302:Archived
2217:), 2022.
2179:(2003).
1931:25 April
1890:5 August
1740:3 August
1666:See also
1548:Die Zeit
1485:Freiheit
1096:Cold War
1018:Prussian
840:German:
771:trophies
535:quadriga
489:Victoria
477:quadriga
450:centaurs
383:pediment
295:Cold War
223:quadriga
86:Location
3344:Culture
3203:Wannsee
2428:FoxNews
2398:FoxNews
2267:9 April
1706:Bavaria
825:Wroclaw
806:Potsdam
763:Baroque
630:scholar
562:History
454:Minerva
438:mutules
434:metopes
422:cornice
414:arrises
367:of the
365:reliefs
341:of the
311:Germany
274:of the
215:Prussia
3369:S-Bahn
3364:U-Bahn
2861:museum
2786:Berlin
2719:
2697:
2238:
2187:
2159:
2137:. In:
2086:
2066:Berlin
2043:DW.COM
2014:
1980:
1697:Madrid
1540:Pegida
1481:Freude
1259:, the
992:, 1810
810:Rococo
794:Vienna
632:
625:
618:
611:
603:
497:wreath
481:Eirene
436:, and
430:guttae
358:fluted
315:Europe
195:Berlin
90:Berlin
2794:Mitte
2095:6 May
1989:9 May
1073:Nazis
988:, by
939:Pfuel
823:from
637:JSTOR
623:books
551:stoas
475:of a
406:Ionic
390:stoas
361:Doric
323:peace
319:unity
234:Mitte
2717:ISBN
2695:ISBN
2670:2023
2644:2022
2622:2022
2518:2011
2492:2011
2466:2011
2440:2010
2410:2010
2328:2015
2269:2009
2247:2024
2236:ISSN
2209:In:
2185:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2097:2016
2084:ISBN
2051:2016
2025:2016
2012:ISBN
1991:2016
1978:ISBN
1933:2014
1892:2013
1813:In:
1742:2021
1566:. A
1354:to "
1108:and
1106:East
769:and
725:Tor
677:The
609:news
533:The
458:Mars
456:and
408:and
399:The
321:and
313:and
240:and
168:The
147:1791
139:1788
68:Type
2566:RBB
1475:of
1135:on
804:in
592:by
213:of
3388::
2660:.
2613:.
2568::
2552::
2535:.
2482:.
2456:.
2426:.
2396:.
2364:.
2344:.
2300:.
2230:.
2078:,
2041:.
1968:.
1941:^
1907:,
1875:^
1832:^
1765:^
1750:^
1733:.
1574:.
1542:.
1446:,
1413:A
1278:.
816:.
432:,
428:,
385:.
325:.
286:.
229:.
2777:e
2770:t
2763:v
2725:.
2703:.
2672:.
2646:.
2624:.
2598:.
2520:.
2494:.
2468:.
2442:.
2412:.
2382:.
2330:.
2271:.
2249:.
2213:(
2207:.
2193:.
2165:.
2099:.
2053:.
2027:.
1993:.
1935:.
1894:.
1744:.
1459:!
1408:.
1358:"
659:)
653:(
648:)
644:(
634:·
627:·
620:·
613:·
586:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
