252:. But there was no evidence that p53 played a major role in human cancers, and the gene encoding p53 (TP53) was thought to be an oncogene rather than a tumor suppressor gene. In 1989, Vogelstein and his students discovered that TP53 not only played a role in human tumorigenesis, but that it was a common denominator of human tumors, mutated in the majority of them. He then discovered the mechanism through which TP53 suppresses tumorigenesis. Prior to these studies, the only biochemical function attributed to p53 was its binding to heat shock proteins. Vogelstein and his colleagues demonstrated that p53 had a much more specific activity: it bound DNA in a sequence-specific manner. They precisely defined its consensus recognition sequence and showed that virtually all p53 mutations found in tumors resulted in loss of the sequence-specific transcriptional activation properties of p53. They subsequently discovered genes that are directly activated by p53 to control cell birth and cell death. His group's more recent studies examining the entire compendium of human genes have shown that the TP53 gene is more frequently mutated in cancers than any other gene .
289:, Aman Amer Zakar, Mustak Akbar Zakar, Bishwas Banerjee, Carmen Flohlar, Couleen Mathers, Farheen Zuber Mohmed Patel, Nicholas Papadopoulos, and others in their group, began to perform large scale experiments to identify mutations throughout the genome. They were to perform "exomic sequencing", meaning determination of the sequence of every protein-encoding gene in the human genome. The first analyzed tumors included those of the colon, breast, pancreas, and brain. These studies outlined the landscapes of human cancer genomes, later confirmed by massively parallel sequencing of many different tumor types by laboratories throughout the world. In the process of analyzing all the protein-encoding genes within cancers, Vogelstein and his colleagues discovered several novel genes that play important roles in cancer, such as
301:", in which the PCR is carried out on magnetic beads in water-in-oil emulsions. BEAMing is now one of the core technologies used in some next-generation, massively parallel sequencing instruments. More recently, they developed a digital-PCR based technique called SafeSeqS, in which every DNA template molecule is recognized by a unique molecular barcode. SafeSeqS dramatically enhances the ability to identify rare variants among DNA sequences, allowing such variants to be detected when they are present in only 1 in more than 10,000 total DNA molecules.
31:
312:. Together with their groups, they developed mathematical models to explain the evolution of resistance against targeted therapies. They showed that the sequential administration of multiple targeted drugs precludes any chance for cure — even when there are no possible mutations that can confer cross-resistance to both drugs. Thus, simultaneous combination of targeted therapies (as opposed to sequential) is the preferred strategy as there is at least a potential for cure.
271:(FAP), a syndrome associated with the development of numerous small benign tumors, some of which progress to cancer. This gene was independently discovered by Ray White's group at the University of Utah. Vogelstein and Kinzler subsequently showed that non-hereditary (somatic) mutations of APC initiate most cases of colon and rectal cancers. They also showed how APC functions – through binding to beta-catenin and stimulating its degradation.
2633:
Laheru DA; Lauricella C; Lim M; Lipson EJ; Marie SK; Netto GJ; Oliner KS; Olivi A; Olsson L; Riggins GJ; Sartore-Bianchi A; Schmidt K; Shih lM; Oba-Shinjo SM; Siena S; Theodorescu D; Tie J; Harkins TT; Veronese S; Wang TL; Weingart JD; Wolfgang CL; Wood LD; Xing D; Hruban RH; Wu J; Allen PJ; Schmidt CM; Choti MA; Velculescu VE; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B; Papadopoulos N; Diaz LA Jr. (February 2014).
282:), the other major form of heritable colorectal tumorigenesis. They were the first to localize one of the major causative genes to a specific chromosomal locus through linkage studies. This localization soon led them and other groups to identify repair genes such as MSH2 and MLH1 that are responsible for most cases of this syndrome.
2682:
Tie J; Wang Y; Tomasetti C; Li L; Springer S; Farheen Zuber Mohmed Patel; Silliman N; Tacey M; Wong HL; Christie M; Kosmider S; Skinner I; Wong R; Steel M; Tran B; Desai J; Jones I; Haydon A; Hayes T; Price TJ; Strausberg RL; Diaz LA Jr; Farheen Sarah Mohmed Patel; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B; Gibbs P.
2632:
Bettegowda C; Sausen M; Leary RJ; Kinde I; Wang Y; Agrawal N; Bartlett BR; Wang H; Luber B; Alani RM; Antonarakis ES; Azad NS; Bardelli A; Brem H; Cameron JL; Lee CC; Fecher LA; Gallia GL; Gibbs P; Le D; Giuntoli RL; Goggins M; Hogarty MD; Holdhoff M; Hong SM; Jiao Y; Juhl HH; Kim JJ; Siravegna G;
228:
In the 1980s, Vogelstein developed new experimental approaches to study human tumors. His studies of various stages of colorectal cancers led him to propose a specific model for human tumorigenesis in 1988. In particular, he suggested that "cancer is caused by sequential mutations of specific
296:
Vogelstein pioneered the idea that somatic mutations represent uniquely specific biomarkers for cancer, creating the field now called "liquid biopsies". Working with post-doctoral fellow David
Sidransky in the early 1990s, he showed that such somatic mutations were detectable in the stool of
297:
colorectal cancer patients and the urine of bladder cancer patients. For this purpose, they developed "Digital PCR" in which DNA molecules are examined one-by-one to determine whether they are normal or mutated. One of the techniques they invented for
Digital PCR is called "
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Bettegowda C, Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Sausen M, Wood LD, Hruban RH, Rodriguez FJ, Cahill DP, McLendon R, Riggins G, Velculescu VE, Oba-Shinjo SM, Marie SK, Vogelstein B, Bigner D, Yan H, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW (2011).
2277:
Sidransky D, Von
Eschenbach A, Tsai YC, Jones P, Summerhayes I, Marshall F, Paul M, Green P, Hamilton SR, Frost P, et al. (May 1991). "Identification of p53 gene mutations in bladder cancers and urine samples".
3505:
2582:
Kinde I; Bettegowda C; Wang Y; Wu J; Agrawal N; Shih IeM; Kurman R; Dao F; Levine DA; Giuntoli R; Roden R; Eshleman JR; Carvalho JP; Marie SK; Papadopoulos N; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B; Diaz LA Jr. (January 2013).
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Sidransky D; Tokino T; Hamilton SR; Kinzler KW; Levin B; Frost P; Vogelstein B. (March 2001). "Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool of patients with curable colorectal tumors".
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Peltomäki P, Aaltonen LA, Sistonen P, Pylkkänen L, Mecklin JP, Järvinen H, Green JS, Jass JR, Weber JL, Leach FS (1993). "Genetic mapping of a locus predisposing to human colorectal cancer".
2533:
Farheen Sarah Mohmed Patel; Schmidt K; Choti MA; Romans K; Goodman S; Aman Amer Zakar; Thornton K; Agrawal N; Sokoll L; Szabo SA; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B; Diaz LA Jr. (September 2018).
949:
Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM, Hostetter R, Cleary K, Bigner SH, Davidson N, Baylin S, Devilee P (1989). "Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types".
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Vogelstein B; Fearon ER; Hamilton SR; Kern SE; Preisinger AC; Leppert M; Nakamura Y; White R; Smits AM; Bos JL (1988). "Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development".
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Powell SM, Zilz N, Beazer-Barclay Y, Bryan TM, Hamilton SR, Thibodeau SN, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1992). "APC mutations occur early during colorectal tumorigenesis".
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Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Feinberg AP (1985). "Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to determine the clonal origin of human tumors".
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Kern SE; Pietenpol JA; Thiagalingam S; Seymour A; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B (May 1992). "Oncogenic forms of p53 inhibit p53-regulated gene expression".
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Jones S, Wang TL, Shih IeM Mao TL, Nakayama K, Roden R, Glas R, Slamon D, Diaz LA Jr, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE, Papadopoulos N (2010).
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Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, et al. (September 1994). "Mutations of two PMS homologues in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer".
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220:. These studies now form the paradigm for modern cancer research and provided the basis for the notion of the somatic evolution of cancer.
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Nishisho I, Nakamura Y, Miyoshi Y, et al. (August 1991). "Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients".
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Diehl F; Li M; Dressman D; He Y; Shen D; Szabo S; Diaz LA Jr; Goodman SN; David KA; Juhl H; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B. (November 2005).
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Baker SJ, Fearon ER, Nigro JM, et al. (April 1989). "Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas".
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el-Deiry WS; Tokino T; Velculescu VE; Levy DB; Parsons R; Trent JM; Lin D; Mercer WE; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B. (November 1993).
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2685:"Circulating tumor DNA analysis detects minimal residual disease and predicts recurrence in patients with stage II colon cancer"
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Leach FS, Nicolaides NC, Papadopoulos N, Liu B, Jen J, Parsons R, Peltomäki P, Sistonen P, Aaltonen LA, Nyström-Lahti M (1993).
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Kern SE, Kinzler KW, Bruskin A, et al. (June 1991). "Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein".
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el-Deiry WS, Kern SE, Pietenpol JA, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (April 1992). "Definition of a consensus binding site for p53".
594:
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Wood LD, Parsons DW, Jones S, et al. (November 2007). "The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers".
2417:"Transforming single DNA molecules into fluorescent magnetic particles for detection and enumeration of genetic variations"
646:"Mass. General Hospital's Warren Triennial Prize to honor Bert Vogelstein, MD - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"
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Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Wei YF, et al. (March 1994). "Mutation of a mutL homolog in hereditary colon cancer".
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Vogelstein has published nearly 600 scientific papers. Vogelstein's research papers have been cited over 430,000 times.
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el-Deiry WS, Kern SE, Pietenpol JA, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1992). "Definition of a consensus binding site for p53".
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and Lauri
Aaltonen at the U. Helsinki to identify the genes responsible for Hereditary NonPolyposis Colorectal Cancer (
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Waldman T, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1995). "p21 is necessary for the p53-mediated G1 arrest in human cancer cells".
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Kinzler KW, Nilbert MC, Su LK, et al. (August 1991). "Identification of FAP locus genes from chromosome 5q21".
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2862:"Who's the most influential biomedical scientist? Computer program guided by artificial intelligence says it knows"
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Su LK, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (December 1993). "Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins".
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212:, his studies on colorectal cancers revealed that they result from the sequential accumulation of mutations in
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2841:"1360 Highly Cited Researchers (h>100) according to their Google Scholar Citations public profiles"
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1993:"DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors"
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from the
American Federation for Clinical Research, now the American Federation for Medical Research
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2012 – The New York
Academy of Medicine Medal for Distinguished Contributions to Biomedical Science
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2734:"The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers"
196:(born 1949) is director of the Ludwig Center, Clayton Professor of Oncology and Pathology and a
1836:, et al. (April 2004). "High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers".
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AI program included
Vogelstein on its list of top ten most influential biomedical researchers.
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2962:"Nominations Open for 2010 Pezcoller Foundation–AACR International Award for Cancer Research"
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Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B (1987). "Clonal analysis of human colorectal tumors".
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2937:"Team BCPS: creating a culture of deliberate excellence, Baltimore County Public Schools"
2050:"Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses"
337:
1990 – The
Bristol Myers Squibb Award for "Distinguished Achievement in Cancer Research"
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2585:"Evaluation of DNA from the Papanicolaou test to detect ovarian and endometrial cancers"
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1933:"Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A in ovarian clear cell carcinoma"
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236:. The p53 protein was discovered 10 years earlier by several groups, including that of
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3307:"Breakthrough Prize – Life Sciences Breakthrough Prize Laureates – Bert Vogelstein"
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625:"Breakthrough Prize – Life Sciences Breakthrough Prize Laureates – Bert Vogelstein"
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3097:"AACR-G.H.A. Clowes Award for Outstanding Basic Cancer Research: Past Recipients"
2700:
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2635:"Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies"
835:
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2164:"Exomic sequencing identifies PALB2 as a pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene"
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2791:"Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy"
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The first tumor suppressor gene validating this hypothesis was that encoding
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1627:"Mutations of a mutS homolog in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer"
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3362:"US researchers receive Dan David Prize for outstanding cancer research"
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Bozic; Reiter; Farheen Zuber Mohmed Patel; et al. (June 25, 2017).
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1345:"PUMA mediates the apoptotic response to p53 in colorectal cancer cells"
3275:"Prince of Asturias Award for Technical & Scientific Research 2004"
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in Japan, discovered another tumor suppressor gene. This gene, called
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Dressman D, Yan H, Traverso G, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (July 2003).
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293:, IDH1, IDH2, ARID1A, ARID2, ATRX, DAXX, MLL2, MLL3, CIC, and RNF43.
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2012 – The
Pioneer in Science Award from the American Research Forum
1275:
el-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, et al. (November 1993).
2222:"Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma"
279:
3170:"Prize Winners of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize"
2107:"An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme"
1343:
Yu J, Wang Z, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhang L (February 2003).
1140:
Yu J; Zhang L; Hwang PM; Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B. (March 2001).
500:
2011 – The
Charles Rodolphe Brupbacher Prize for Cancer Research
5417:
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Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
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In mid-2019, Vogelstein started collaborating with the group of
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1997 – The William Beaumont Prize in Gastroenterology from the
5014:
Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
3433:"Albany Medical Center Announces Winners Of Prize In Medicine"
3387:"May 2018: Dan David Prize laureates in Personalized Medicine"
3122:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
233:
1142:"PUMA induces the rapid apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells"
2105:
Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, et al. (September 2008).
2048:
Jones S, Zhang X, Parsons DW, et al. (September 2008).
2162:
Jones S, Hruban RH, Kamiyama M, et al. (April 2009).
5567:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
3340:"Bert Vogelstein, M.D., Wins 2015 Dr. Paul Janssen Award"
285:
In the early 2000s, Vogelstein and Kinzler, working with
3291:. Charles Rodolphe Brupbacher Foundation. Archived from
1882:
Yan H, Parsons DW, Jin G, et al. (February 2009).
672:"An Interview with Bert Vogelstein and Kenneth Kinzler"
5592:
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
483:
2003 – The John Scott Award from the John Scott Trust
418:
1995 – The David A. Karnofsky Memorial Award from the
1277:"WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression"
1101:"WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression"
602:
2005 – European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
4889:
4750:
4615:
4480:
4399:
4026:
3679:
3586:
171:
151:
141:
127:
107:
95:
87:
76:
62:
37:
21:
3456:"From pandemics to cancer: the science power list"
3243:"Association for Molecular Pathology Award Honors"
1991:Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, et al. (March 2011).
581:1992 – The American Academy of Arts & Sciences
466:from the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation
2535:"Circulating mutant DNA to assess tumor dynamics"
640:
638:
354:1992 – The American Cancer Society Medal of Honor
3435:. WAMC Northeast Public Radio. 24 September 2019
5347:European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN
3533:The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
367:1993 – The Pezcoller Foundation Award from the
859:"A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis"
520:Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research
5627:Members of the American Philosophical Society
4984:
4376:
3563:
3195:"Past Award Recipients - William Allan Award"
526:The Dan David Prize for Personalized Medicine
480:Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics
8:
584:1992 – The National Academy of Sciences, USA
255:In 1991, Vogelstein and long-time colleague
5632:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
3342:. UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON". 17 June 2015
3013:"Bert Vogelstein Ernst Schering Prize 1994"
459:from the American Society of Human Genetics
5374:
5009:
4991:
4977:
4969:
4383:
4369:
4361:
3570:
3556:
3548:
450:Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
424:1995 – The Clowes Memorial Award from the
29:
18:
3955:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
2816:
2806:
2765:
2708:
2658:
2608:
2558:
2509:
2499:
2450:
2440:
2391:
2381:
2253:
2195:
2138:
2081:
2024:
1964:
1907:
1789:
1642:
1378:
1368:
1292:
1157:
1116:
978:
874:
687:
206:Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
3060:"Howard T. Ricketts Prize and Lecture -"
2356:Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (August 1999).
432:American Gastroenterological Association
426:American Association for Cancer Research
382:Association of American Medical Colleges
369:American Association for Cancer Research
5612:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
3454:Franklin-Wallis, Oliver (23 May 2020).
1986:
1984:
616:
349:Gairdner Foundation International Award
229:oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes".
5602:People from Baltimore County, Maryland
1877:
1875:
5003:for Technical and Scientific Research
857:Fearon ER, Vogelstein B (June 1990).
420:American Society of Clinical Oncology
377:from the National Academy of Sciences
7:
5001:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
3201:. American Society of Human Genetics
1884:"IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas"
5562:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
5129:Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
3538:Howard Hughes Medical Institute Bio
3150:. Columbia University. 20 June 2018
2919:"Past Recipients / Bert Vogelstein"
2732:Diaz; et al. (June 28, 2012).
511:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
478:Association for Molecular Pathology
274:Vogelstein and Kinzler worked with
112:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
700:– via clinchem.aaccjnls.org.
402:1994 – The Passano Award from the
14:
5607:University of Pennsylvania alumni
5577:Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
5572:Richard-Lounsbery Award laureates
5153:Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar
3085:David A. Karnofsky Memorial Award
473:in Human Health from the Technion
436:1997 – Golden Plate Award of the
380:1993 – The Baxter Award from the
3223:. Technion Web Development Group
712:"Interview with Bert Vogelstein"
670:Landau, Misia (1 January 2015).
599:2001 – The Institute of Medicine
452:from the Paul Ehrlich Foundation
146:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
103:, and one more, Grandchildren: 5
71:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
4810:/ John Frederick Grassle (2013)
3130:American Academy of Achievement
3064:biologicalsciences.uchicago.edu
438:American Academy of Achievement
198:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
16:American oncologist (born 1949)
3366:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2982:. National Academy of Sciences
2923:Canada Gairdner Award web site
595:American Philosophical Society
515:2014 – Warren Triennial Prize
269:Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
1:
4520:Ernest John Christopher Polge
3257:"John Scott Award recipients"
3175:. The Paul Ehrlich Foundation
1159:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00213-1
116:Warren Triennial Prize (2014)
3863:Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
3488:"The Japan Prize Foundation"
3411:"2019 Gruber Genetics Prize"
2888:"Bristol Myers Squibb Award"
2701:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6219
2651:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007094
2601:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004952
2480:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2421:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
2362:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1644:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90330-s
1349:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1294:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P
1118:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P
876:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90186-i
689:10.1373/clinchem.2014.223271
208:. A pioneer in the field of
3787:Supernova Cosmology Project
836:10.1056/NEJM198809013190901
538:Albany Medical Center Prize
82:somatic evolution in cancer
5648:
5622:21st-century American Jews
5617:20th-century American Jews
444:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
67:University of Pennsylvania
5384:
5373:
5059:Antonio González González
5037:Luis Antonio Santaló Sors
5019:
5008:
4536:William Hayward Pickering
4411:Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir
2980:"Richard Lounsbery Award"
488:Prince of Asturias Awards
167:
120:
28:
5420:Scientific Collaboration
5125:Manuel Losada Villasante
5101:Francisco Bolívar Zapata
3144:"Horwitz Prize Awardees"
532:Gruber Prize in Genetics
392:University of Pittsburgh
342:Young Investigator Award
5511:Everett Peter Greenberg
5163:Enrique Moreno González
5107:Federico García Moliner
4677:/ Keith J. Sainsbury /
4281:Shankar Balasubramanian
4017:Alexander Zamolodchikov
3949:Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
3543:Science watch interview
3413:. The Gruber Foundation
3289:"Cancer Research Prize"
3066:. University of Chicago
2501:10.1073/pnas.0507904102
2442:10.1073/pnas.1133470100
2383:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9236
2335:10.1126/science.1566048
2300:10.1126/science.2024123
2246:10.1126/science.1210557
2188:10.1126/science.1171202
2131:10.1126/science.1164382
2074:10.1126/science.1164368
2017:10.1126/science.1200609
1957:10.1126/science.1196333
1850:10.1126/science.1096502
1800:10.1126/science.1145720
1696:10.1126/science.8128251
1604:10.1126/science.8484120
1561:10.1126/science.8259519
1467:10.1126/science.1651563
1424:10.1126/science.1651562
1370:10.1073/pnas.2627984100
1203:10.1126/science.2047879
1078:10.1126/science.1589764
928:10.1126/science.2649981
801:10.1126/science.2889267
758:10.1126/science.2982210
375:Richard Lounsbery Award
359:Shacknai Memorial Prize
5390:Emmanuelle Charpentier
5049:David Vázquez Martínez
5043:Antonio Garcia-Bellido
4848:Emmanuelle Charpentier
4467:Frank Sherwood Rowland
4295:Clifford P. Brangwynne
4128:Emmanuelle Charpentier
3328:Warren Triennial Prize
3110:William Beaumont Prize
410:Howard Taylor Ricketts
267:, was responsible for
218:tumor suppressor genes
5319:Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
3799:High-Z Supernova Team
1900:10.1056/NEJMoa0808710
629:breakthroughprize.org
548:'Science Power List'
464:Charles S. Mott Prize
414:University of Chicago
276:Albert de la Chapelle
99:R. Jacob Vogelstein,
5582:American oncologists
5281:George M. Whitesides
4953:John Michael Wallace
4238:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
4102:Alexander Varshavsky
3921:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
3819:and contributors to
3510:search.amphilsoc.org
3506:"APS Member History"
497:for Medical Research
398:Ernst Schering Prize
200:investigator at The
101:Joshua T. Vogelstein
5525:Jeffrey M. Friedman
5353:Avelino Corma Canós
5149:Emilio Méndez Pérez
4937:/ Kazuo Hagimoto /
4776:Tadamitsu Kishimoto
4506:Jacques-Louis Lions
4222:Jeffrey M. Friedman
4112:Charles David Allis
3797:and members of the
3785:and members of the
3309:. BreakThroughPrize
3126:www.achievement.org
3015:. Schering Stiftung
2866:Science | AAAS
2808:10.7554/eLife.00747
2758:10.1038/nature11219
2750:2012Natur.486..537D
2492:2005PNAS..10216368D
2433:2003PNAS..100.8817D
2374:1999PNAS...96.9236V
2292:1991Sci...252..706S
2238:2011Sci...333.1453B
2180:2009Sci...324..217J
2123:2008Sci...321.1807P
2066:2008Sci...321.1801J
2009:2011Sci...331.1199J
1949:2010Sci...330..228J
1782:2007Sci...318.1108W
1731:1994Natur.371...75N
1688:1994Sci...263.1625P
1596:1993Sci...260..810P
1553:1993Sci...262.1734S
1502:1992Natur.359..235P
1459:1991Sci...253..665N
1416:1991Sci...253..661K
1361:2003PNAS..100.1931Y
1195:1991Sci...252.1708K
1070:1992Sci...256..827K
963:1989Natur.342..705N
920:1989Sci...244..217B
793:1987Sci...238..193F
750:1985Sci...227..642V
571:Alpha Epsilon Delta
457:William Allan Award
204:Medical School and
55:Baltimore, Maryland
5323:Giacomo Rizzolatti
5253:Juan Ignacio Cirac
5053:Emilio Rosenblueth
4915:Robert A. Weinberg
4897:Robert G. Gallager
4842:Steven D. Tanksley
4828:Theodore Friedmann
4731:Victor A. McKusick
4689:Masatoshi Takeichi
4637:Timothy R. Parsons
4633:John B. Goodenough
4627:Kimishige Ishizaka
4602:Jack L. Strominger
4598:W. Wesley Peterson
4578:Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
4574:Joseph Engelberger
4550:Edward F. Knipling
4315:Masashi Yanagisawa
4226:Franz-Ulrich Hartl
4156:Stephen J. Elledge
4108:Alim Louis Benabid
3995:Charles H. Bennett
3945:Daniel Z. Freedman
3895:Charles L. Bennett
3859:Arthur B. McDonald
3847:Kōichirō Nishikawa
3777:John Henry Schwarz
3767:Alexander Polyakov
3745:Michel Della Negra
3664:Daniel A. Spielman
3579:Breakthrough Prize
2801:(e00747): e00747.
2003:(6021): 1199–203.
676:Clinical Chemistry
404:Passano Foundation
310:Harvard University
257:Kenneth W. Kinzler
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5521:Daniel J. Drucker
5507:Jeffrey I. Gordon
5445:Ingrid Daubechies
5435:Sandra Myrna Díaz
5369:
5368:
5333:Richard A. Lerner
5295:Raymond Tomlinson
5091:Santiago Grisolía
4999:Laureates of the
4966:
4965:
4935:Masataka Nakazawa
4929:Christopher Field
4814:Yasuharu Suematsu
4758:Shun-ichi Iwasaki
4717:Peter Shaw Ashton
4657:Benoit Mandelbrot
4651:Andrzej Tarkowski
4471:Elias James Corey
4358:
4357:
4337:Fredrick Van Goor
4230:Arthur L. Horwich
4204:Adrian R. Krainer
4098:Richard P. Lifton
4056:Napoleone Ferrara
4036:Cornelia Bargmann
3885:Andrew Strominger
3881:Joseph Polchinski
3691:Nima Arkani-Hamed
3640:Vincent Lafforgue
3630:Christopher Hacon
3492:www.japanprize.jp
3391:physics.tau.ac.il
3368:. 8 February 2018
3148:cuimc.columbia.ed
2868:. 17 October 2017
2744:(7404): 537–540.
2329:(5053): 102–105.
2286:(5006): 706–709.
2117:(5897): 1807–12.
1776:(5853): 1108–13.
1246:10.1038/ng0492-45
1189:(5013): 1708–11.
1024:10.1038/ng0492-45
608:
607:
589:Alpha Omega Alpha
363:Hebrew University
287:Victor Velculescu
191:
190:
152:Doctoral students
122:Scientific career
5639:
5375:
5343:François Englert
5201:Lawrence Roberts
5195:Jean Weissenbach
5119:Manuel Patarroyo
5095:Salvador Moncada
5079:Marcos Moshinsky
5031:Manuel Ballester
5010:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4970:
4804:C. Grant Willson
4592:Marc Van Montagu
4566:Takashi Sugimura
4500:Xavier Le Pichon
4445:Donald Henderson
4441:Georges Vendryes
4385:
4378:
4371:
4362:
4349:Andrew Singleton
4299:Anthony A. Hyman
4269:Jeffery W. Kelly
4264:
4256:Richard J. Youle
4200:C. Frank Bennett
4194:Don W. Cleveland
4168:Yoshinori Ohsumi
4094:Robert S. Langer
4082:James P. Allison
4044:Lewis C. Cantley
3985:Hidetoshi Katori
3965:Jens H. Gundlach
3875:Super-Kamiokande
3757:Joseph Incandela
3741:Fabiola Gianotti
3703:Maxim Kontsevich
3658:Takuro Mochizuki
3600:Maxim Kontsevich
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3259:. Archived from
3253:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3037:. Archived from
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3009:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:www.newswise.com
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2939:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2926:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2893:. Archived from
2892:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2695:(346): 346ra92.
2679:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2645:(224): 224ra24.
2629:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2486:(45): 16368–73.
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2232:(6048): 1453–5.
2216:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2060:(5897): 1801–6.
2045:
2039:
2038:
2028:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1943:(6001): 228–31.
1928:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1793:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1739:10.1038/371075a0
1714:
1708:
1707:
1682:(5153): 1625–9.
1671:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1547:(5140): 1734–7.
1536:
1530:
1529:
1510:10.1038/359235a0
1485:
1479:
1478:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1064:(5058): 827–30.
1053:
1044:
1043:
1007:
1001:
1000:
982:
971:10.1038/342705a0
946:
940:
939:
914:(4901): 217–21.
903:
897:
896:
878:
854:
848:
847:
819:
813:
812:
776:
770:
769:
733:
727:
726:
724:
723:
714:. Archived from
708:
702:
701:
691:
667:
661:
660:
658:
657:
648:. Archived from
642:
633:
632:
621:
564:
563:
325:Semantic Scholar
187:
185:/bert-vogelstein
184:
182:
180:
178:
91:Ilene Vogelstein
80:p53, Vogelgram,
51:
47:
45:
33:
19:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5541:
5537:Svetlana Mojsov
5533:Jens Juul Holst
5529:Joel F. Habener
5489:Geoffrey Hinton
5453:Emmanuel Candès
5414:Barry C. Barish
5394:Jennifer Doudna
5380:
5365:
5361:Galen D. Stucky
5247:Antonio Damasio
5241:Robert Weinberg
5237:Bert Vogelstein
5213:Tim Berners-Lee
5187:Francis Collins
5136:Valentín Fuster
5015:
5004:
4997:
4967:
4962:
4957:Ronald M. Evans
4943:Karl Deisseroth
4939:Gero Miesenböck
4911:Bert Vogelstein
4907:Martin A. Green
4885:
4866:Max Dale Cooper
4852:Jennifer Doudna
4824:Yutaka Takahasi
4746:
4693:Erkki Ruoslahti
4675:Akira Fujishima
4643:Tim Berners-Lee
4611:
4606:Don Craig Wiley
4492:W. Jason Morgan
4476:
4435:Theodore Maiman
4421:Willem J. Kolff
4395:
4389:
4359:
4354:
4345:Ellen Sidransky
4325:Michel Sadelain
4311:Emmanuel Mignot
4285:David Klenerman
4258:
4248:Catherine Dulac
4160:Harry F. Noller
4138:Karl Deisseroth
4124:Jennifer Doudna
4090:Michael N. Hall
4076:Bert Vogelstein
4072:Shinya Yamanaka
4068:Robert Weinberg
4064:Charles Sawyers
4022:
3999:Gilles Brassard
3979:Steven Weinberg
3961:Eric Adelberger
3871:Yōichirō Suzuki
3783:Saul Perlmutter
3749:Tejinder Virdee
3733:Stephen Hawking
3682:
3675:
3596:Simon Donaldson
3582:
3576:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3470:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3395:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3035:"Passano Award"
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2551:10.1038/nm.1789
2532:
2531:
2527:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2427:(15): 8817–22.
2414:
2413:
2409:
2368:(16): 9236–41.
2355:
2354:
2350:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2047:
2046:
2042:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1888:N. Engl. J. Med
1881:
1880:
1873:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1791:10.1.1.218.5477
1767:
1766:
1762:
1725:(6492): 75–80.
1716:
1715:
1711:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1590:(5109): 810–2.
1581:
1580:
1576:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1496:(6392): 235–7.
1487:
1486:
1482:
1453:(5020): 665–9.
1444:
1443:
1439:
1410:(5020): 661–5.
1401:
1400:
1396:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1324:(22): 5187–90.
1315:
1314:
1310:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1012:Nature Genetics
1009:
1008:
1004:
957:(6250): 705–8.
948:
947:
943:
905:
904:
900:
856:
855:
851:
821:
820:
816:
787:(4824): 193–7.
778:
777:
773:
744:(4687): 642–5.
735:
734:
730:
721:
719:
710:
709:
705:
669:
668:
664:
655:
653:
644:
643:
636:
623:
622:
618:
613:
562:
557:
412:Award from the
333:
318:
261:Yusuke Nakamura
259:, working with
242:Lionel Crawford
226:
210:cancer genomics
194:Bert Vogelstein
175:
163:
159:Kenneth Kinzler
115:
69:
63:Alma mater
58:
52:
49:
43:
41:
24:
23:Bert Vogelstein
17:
12:
11:
5:
5645:
5643:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5517:
5515:Bonnie Bassler
5503:
5501:Demis Hassabis
5485:
5467:Philip Felgner
5459:Katalin Karikó
5455:
5437:
5427:
5421:
5402:
5396:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5349:
5335:
5329:Gregory Winter
5325:
5311:
5297:
5287:
5273:Shuji Nakamura
5265:
5259:Peter Lawrence
5255:
5249:
5243:
5221:
5215:
5205:Robert E. Kahn
5197:
5191:Hamilton Smith
5175:
5173:Luc Montagnier
5165:
5159:Ricardo Miledi
5155:
5145:
5138:
5132:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5087:
5081:
5075:Manuel Cardona
5071:
5065:Jacinto Convit
5061:
5055:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5006:
5005:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4946:
4932:
4921:Katalin Karikó
4918:
4904:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4876:Yoshio Okamoto
4873:
4870:Jacques Miller
4859:
4845:
4835:
4821:
4818:C. David Allis
4811:
4801:
4794:Nicholas Lydon
4783:
4772:Dennis Ritchie
4765:
4762:Peter Vitousek
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4737:Dennis Meadows
4734:
4727:Robert E. Kahn
4720:
4713:Peter Grünberg
4706:
4696:
4682:
4679:John H. Lawton
4668:
4661:James A. Yorke
4654:
4640:
4630:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4595:
4581:
4563:
4556:Charles K. Kao
4553:
4543:
4540:Arvid Carlsson
4533:
4530:Kary B. Mullis
4523:
4513:
4503:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4457:Luc Montagnier
4438:
4427:Henry Beachell
4424:
4417:David Turnbull
4414:
4407:John R. Pierce
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4333:Paul Negulescu
4318:
4303:Demis Hassabis
4292:
4273:Katalin Karikó
4266:
4241:
4219:
4212:Xiaowei Zhuang
4197:
4186:Kazutoshi Mori
4175:
4153:
4131:
4105:
4079:
4052:Titia de Lange
4040:David Botstein
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3992:
3982:
3972:
3958:
3952:
3941:Sergio Ferrara
3934:
3924:
3914:
3907:Lyman Page Jr.
3903:Norman Jarosik
3892:
3878:
3867:Takaaki Kajita
3824:
3823:project (2016)
3802:
3780:
3770:
3764:
3726:
3715:Nathan Seiberg
3711:Juan Maldacena
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3634:James McKernan
3627:
3621:
3615:
3612:Richard Taylor
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3527:External links
3525:
3522:
3521:
3497:
3479:
3446:
3424:
3402:
3378:
3353:
3331:
3320:
3298:
3295:on 2015-04-03.
3280:
3266:
3263:on 2010-07-01.
3248:
3234:
3221:"Harvey Prize"
3212:
3186:
3161:
3135:
3113:
3102:
3088:
3077:
3051:
3026:
3004:
2993:
2971:
2953:
2928:
2910:
2879:
2853:
2832:
2781:
2724:
2689:Sci Transl Med
2674:
2639:Sci Transl Med
2624:
2589:Sci Transl Med
2574:
2525:
2466:
2407:
2348:
2313:
2269:
2211:
2154:
2097:
2040:
1980:
1923:
1871:
1821:
1760:
1709:
1666:
1637:(6): 1215–25.
1617:
1574:
1531:
1480:
1437:
1394:
1335:
1308:
1267:
1224:
1173:
1132:
1111:(4): 817–825.
1091:
1045:
1002:
941:
898:
849:
814:
771:
728:
703:
662:
634:
615:
614:
612:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
600:
597:
591:
585:
582:
579:
577:Phi Beta Kappa
573:
561:
558:
556:
555:
549:
540:
534:
528:
522:
516:
513:
507:
504:
501:
498:
491:
484:
481:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
406:
400:
394:
384:
378:
371:
365:
355:
352:
345:
338:
334:
332:
329:
317:
314:
225:
222:
189:
188:
173:
169:
168:
165:
164:
162:
161:
155:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
118:
117:
109:
105:
104:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
78:
77:Known for
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
53:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5644:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5597:Living people
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5497:Yoshua Bengio
5494:
5490:
5486:
5484:
5483:Sarah Gilbert
5480:
5479:Derrick Rossi
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5463:Drew Weissman
5460:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5410:Kip S. Thorne
5407:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5358:
5357:Mark E. Davis
5354:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5315:Joseph Altman
5312:
5310:
5309:Linda Watkins
5306:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5291:Martin Cooper
5288:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5277:Robert Langer
5274:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5233:Joan Massagué
5230:
5226:
5225:Judah Folkman
5222:
5220:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5144:research team
5143:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5131:of Costa Rica
5130:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5069:Pablo Rudomín
5066:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4987:
4982:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4949:Brian Hoskins
4947:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4925:Drew Weissman
4922:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4862:Akira Yoshino
4860:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4832:Alain Fischer
4829:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4798:Masato Sagawa
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4780:Toshio Hirano
4777:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4741:David E. Kuhl
4738:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4699:John Houghton
4697:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4671:Kenichi Honda
4669:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4546:Nick Holonyak
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4488:Marvin Minsky
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4341:Thomas Gasser
4338:
4334:
4330:
4329:Sabine Hadida
4326:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4277:Drew Weissman
4274:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4208:Angelika Amon
4205:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4164:Roeland Nusse
4161:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:Edward Boyden
4132:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:Victor Ambros
4113:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4086:Mahlon DeLong
4083:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4028:Life sciences
4025:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4007:Peter W. Shor
4004:
4003:David Deutsch
4000:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:Blayne Heckel
3966:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3911:David Spergel
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3839:Atsuto Suzuki
3836:
3835:Daya Bay team
3832:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3809:Ronald Drever
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3791:Brian Schmidt
3788:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3773:Michael Green
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3753:Guido Tonelli
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3723:Edward Witten
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:Alexei Kitaev
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3671:
3670:Simon Brendle
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:Martin Hairer
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3624:Jean Bourgain
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3041:on 2016-02-09
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2943:on 2017-09-20
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2900:on 2012-11-14
2896:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2683:(July 2016).
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:(9): 985–90.
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:"Digital PCR"
2352:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:(5924): 217.
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:(8): 765–73.
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:(5670): 554.
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:(4): 1931–6.
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1287:(4): 817–25.
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1152:(3): 673–82.
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
980:2027.42/62925
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
945:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
872:
869:(5): 759–67.
868:
864:
860:
853:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
830:(9): 525–32.
829:
825:
818:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:
729:
718:on 2013-06-03
717:
713:
707:
704:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
663:
652:on 2015-02-21
651:
647:
641:
639:
635:
630:
626:
620:
617:
610:
601:
598:
596:
592:
590:
586:
583:
580:
578:
574:
572:
568:
567:
566:
565:
559:
554:
550:
547:
546:
541:
539:
535:
533:
529:
527:
523:
521:
517:
514:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:Pasarow Award
492:
489:
485:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
445:
441:
439:
435:
433:
429:
427:
423:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
399:
395:
393:
389:
388:Dickson Prize
385:
383:
379:
376:
372:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:
330:
328:
326:
321:
315:
313:
311:
307:
302:
300:
294:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
246:Arnold Levine
243:
239:
235:
230:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:Johns Hopkins
199:
195:
186:
174:
170:
166:
160:
157:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
56:
50:(age 75)
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
5475:Özlem Türeci
5431:Joanne Chory
5425:Svante Pääbo
5406:Rainer Weiss
5305:Baruch Minke
5301:David Julius
5269:Sumio Iijima
5263:Ginés Morata
5236:
5219:Jane Goodall
5183:John Sulston
5179:Craig Venter
5169:Robert Gallo
5113:Amable Liñán
5025:Alberto Sols
4910:
4901:Svante Pääbo
4838:Hideo Hosono
4808:Jean Fréchet
4790:Brian Druker
4786:Janet Rowley
4768:Ken Thompson
4685:Makoto Nagao
4647:Anne McLaren
4588:Jozef Schell
4516:Gerhard Ertl
4510:John J. Wild
4496:Dan McKenzie
4461:Robert Gallo
4453:Frank Fenner
4431:Gurdev Khush
4289:Pascal Mayer
4234:David Julius
4216:Zhijian Chen
4182:Peter Walter
4178:Joanne Chory
4150:Svante Pääbo
4075:
4048:Hans Clevers
3974:
3936:
3927:Charles Kane
3916:
3899:Gary Hinshaw
3817:Rainer Weiss
3804:
3763:(LHC) (2013)
3728:
3707:Andrei Linde
3513:. Retrieved
3509:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3471:. Retrieved
3459:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3405:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:
3381:
3370:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3334:
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3301:
3293:the original
3283:
3269:
3261:the original
3251:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3198:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3147:
3138:
3125:
3116:
3105:
3091:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3063:
3054:
3043:. Retrieved
3039:the original
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3007:
3001:Baxter Award
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2974:
2965:
2956:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2931:
2922:
2913:
2902:. Retrieved
2895:the original
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2865:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2835:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2692:
2688:
2677:
2642:
2638:
2627:
2595:(167): 167.
2592:
2588:
2577:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2229:
2225:
2214:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2000:
1996:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1891:
1887:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1061:
1057:
1018:(1): 45–49.
1015:
1011:
1005:
954:
950:
944:
911:
907:
901:
866:
862:
852:
827:
824:N Engl J Med
823:
817:
784:
780:
774:
741:
737:
731:
720:. Retrieved
716:the original
706:
679:
675:
665:
654:. Retrieved
650:the original
628:
619:
560:Affiliations
543:
471:Harvey Prize
322:
319:
306:Martin Nowak
303:
295:
284:
273:
254:
231:
227:
193:
192:
142:Institutions
121:
48:June 2, 1949
5587:1949 births
5449:Terence Tao
5339:Peter Higgs
5285:Tobin Marks
5229:Tony Hunter
5209:Vinton Cerf
5085:Guido Münch
4709:Albert Fert
4665:Seiji Ogawa
4526:Frank Press
4392:Japan Prize
4307:John Jumper
4259: [
4244:David Baker
4190:Kim Nasmyth
4172:Huda Zoghbi
4146:Helen Hobbs
4120:Gary Ruvkun
4060:Eric Lander
3931:Eugene Mele
3889:Cumrun Vafa
3877:team (2016)
3831:Kam-Biu Luk
3827:Yifang Wang
3737:Peter Jenni
3681:Fundamental
3608:Terence Tao
3604:Jacob Lurie
3588:Mathematics
1240:(1): 45–9.
682:(1): 9–20.
593:1995 – The
553:Japan Prize
493:2007 – The
490:in Science
486:2004 – The
476:2001 – The
469:2001 – The
462:2000 – The
455:1998 – The
448:1998 – The
442:1998 – The
408:1994 – The
396:1994 – The
386:1994 – The
373:1993 – The
357:1993 – The
351:in Science
347:1992 – The
340:1992 – The
183:/scientists
5556:Categories
5493:Yann LeCun
5471:Uğur Şahin
5441:Yves Meyer
5416:, and the
4880:Rattan Lal
4856:Adi Shamir
4703:Akira Endo
4623:Ian McHarg
4570:Bruce Ames
4449:Isao Arita
4394:recipients
4142:John Hardy
4013:John Cardy
3813:Kip Thorne
3795:Adam Riess
3759:(CMS) and
3719:Ashoke Sen
3646:Alex Eskin
3515:2021-12-16
3473:2020-05-26
3439:17 October
3417:17 October
3396:2020-04-21
3372:2020-04-21
3346:17 October
3313:17 October
3227:17 October
3205:17 October
3179:17 October
3154:17 October
3070:17 October
3045:2015-04-02
3019:17 October
2986:17 October
2947:2015-04-02
2904:2015-04-02
2846:1 February
1834:Bardelli A
1832:, Wang Z,
1318:Cancer Res
722:2010-04-30
656:2015-02-21
611:References
238:David Lane
44:1949-06-02
5400:Hugh Herr
5142:Atapuerca
4723:Vint Cerf
4584:Leo Esaki
4560:Masao Ito
4321:Carl June
4252:Dennis Lo
3761:Lyn Evans
3743:(ATLAS),
3695:Alan Guth
3581:laureates
3468:0140-0460
3460:The Times
1830:Samuels Y
1786:CiteSeerX
1234:Nat Genet
545:The Times
390:from the
361:from the
316:Citations
250:Lloyd Old
214:oncogenes
136:Pathology
3873:and the
3861:and the
3849:and the
3841:and the
3833:and the
3618:Ian Agol
2827:23805382
2776:22722843
2719:27384348
2669:24553385
2619:23303603
2569:18670422
2539:Nat. Med
2520:16258065
2461:12857956
2402:10430926
2264:21817013
2206:19264984
2149:18772396
2092:18772397
2035:21252315
1975:20826764
1918:19228619
1866:10147415
1858:15016963
1808:17932254
1661:23321982
1389:12574499
1219:19647885
1168:11463391
1146:Mol Cell
893:22975880
698:25550474
323:In 2016
224:Research
132:Oncology
96:Children
3975:Special
3937:Special
3917:Special
3843:KamLAND
3805:Special
3729:Special
3683:physics
2872:16 June
2818:3691570
2767:3436069
2746:Bibcode
2710:5346159
2660:4017867
2610:3757513
2560:2820391
2511:1283450
2488:Bibcode
2429:Bibcode
2370:Bibcode
2343:1566048
2323:Science
2308:2024123
2288:Bibcode
2280:Science
2255:3170506
2234:Bibcode
2226:Science
2197:2684332
2176:Bibcode
2168:Science
2140:2820389
2119:Bibcode
2111:Science
2083:2848990
2062:Bibcode
2054:Science
2026:3144496
2005:Bibcode
1997:Science
1966:3076894
1945:Bibcode
1937:Science
1909:2820383
1838:Science
1816:7586573
1778:Bibcode
1770:Science
1755:4244907
1747:8072530
1727:Bibcode
1704:8128251
1684:Bibcode
1676:Science
1653:8261515
1612:8484120
1592:Bibcode
1584:Science
1569:8259519
1549:Bibcode
1541:Science
1526:4277817
1518:1528264
1498:Bibcode
1475:1651563
1455:Bibcode
1447:Science
1432:1651562
1412:Bibcode
1404:Science
1357:Bibcode
1330:7585571
1303:8242752
1262:1710617
1254:1301998
1211:2047879
1191:Bibcode
1183:Science
1127:8242752
1086:1589764
1066:Bibcode
1058:Science
1040:1710617
1032:1301998
997:4353980
989:2531845
959:Bibcode
936:2649981
916:Bibcode
908:Science
885:2188735
844:2841597
809:2889267
789:Bibcode
781:Science
766:2982210
746:Bibcode
738:Science
587:1995 –
575:1969 –
569:1968 –
551:2021 –
542:2020 –
536:2019 –
530:2019 –
524:2018 –
518:2015 –
509:2013 –
299:BEAMing
172:Website
114:(2013)
5535:, and
5519:2024:
5513:, and
5505:2023:
5499:, and
5487:2022:
5481:, and
5457:2021:
5451:, and
5439:2020:
5429:2019:
5423:2018:
5404:2017:
5398:2016:
5388:2015:
5359:, and
5351:2014:
5345:, and
5337:2013:
5327:2012:
5321:, and
5313:2011:
5307:, and
5299:2010:
5289:2009:
5283:, and
5267:2008:
5257:2007:
5251:2006:
5245:2005:
5239:, and
5223:2004:
5217:2003:
5211:, and
5199:2002:
5193:, and
5177:2001:
5167:2000:
5157:1999:
5147:1998:
5140:1997:
5134:1996:
5123:1995:
5117:1994:
5111:1993:
5105:1992:
5099:1991:
5089:1990:
5083:1989:
5073:1988:
5063:1987:
5057:1986:
5047:1985:
5041:1984:
5035:1983:
5029:1982:
5023:1981:
4959:(2024)
4945:(2023)
4931:(2022)
4917:(2021)
4903:(2020)
4882:(2019)
4872:(2018)
4858:(2017)
4844:(2016)
4834:(2015)
4820:(2014)
4800:(2012)
4782:(2011)
4764:(2010)
4743:(2009)
4733:(2008)
4719:(2007)
4705:(2006)
4695:(2005)
4681:(2004)
4667:(2003)
4653:(2002)
4639:(2001)
4629:(2000)
4608:(1999)
4594:(1998)
4580:(1997)
4562:(1996)
4552:(1995)
4548:Jr. /
4542:(1994)
4532:(1993)
4522:(1992)
4512:(1991)
4502:(1990)
4473:(1989)
4463:(1988)
4437:(1987)
4423:(1986)
4413:(1985)
4351:(2024)
4317:(2023)
4291:(2022)
4265:(2021)
4240:(2020)
4218:(2019)
4196:(2018)
4174:(2017)
4152:(2016)
4130:(2015)
4104:(2014)
4078:(2013)
4019:(2024)
4009:(2023)
3991:(2022)
3989:Jun Ye
3981:(2021)
3971:(2021)
3957:(2020)
3951:(2019)
3933:(2019)
3923:(2018)
3913:(2018)
3891:(2017)
3865:team,
3857:team,
3845:team,
3801:(2015)
3779:(2014)
3769:(2013)
3725:(2012)
3672:(2024)
3666:(2023)
3660:(2022)
3654:(2021)
3648:(2020)
3642:(2019)
3636:(2018)
3626:(2017)
3620:(2016)
3614:(2015)
3466:
2825:
2815:
2774:
2764:
2738:Nature
2717:
2707:
2667:
2657:
2617:
2607:
2567:
2557:
2518:
2508:
2459:
2452:166396
2449:
2400:
2390:
2341:
2306:
2262:
2252:
2204:
2194:
2147:
2137:
2090:
2080:
2033:
2023:
1973:
1963:
1916:
1906:
1864:
1856:
1814:
1806:
1788:
1753:
1745:
1719:Nature
1702:
1659:
1651:
1610:
1567:
1524:
1516:
1490:Nature
1473:
1430:
1387:
1380:149936
1377:
1328:
1301:
1260:
1252:
1217:
1209:
1166:
1125:
1084:
1038:
1030:
995:
987:
951:Nature
934:
891:
883:
842:
807:
764:
696:
331:Awards
291:PIK3CA
248:, and
128:Fields
108:Awards
88:Spouse
57:, U.S.
4890:2020s
4751:2010s
4616:2000s
4481:1990s
4400:1980s
4263:]
3173:(PDF)
2898:(PDF)
2891:(PDF)
2795:eLife
2393:17763
1862:S2CID
1812:S2CID
1751:S2CID
1657:S2CID
1522:S2CID
1258:S2CID
1215:S2CID
1036:S2CID
993:S2CID
889:S2CID
280:HNPCC
179:.hhmi
5433:and
5418:LIGO
5392:and
5331:and
5293:and
5261:and
5171:and
5161:and
5151:and
5127:and
5093:and
5077:and
5067:and
5051:and
4347:and
4287:and
4202:and
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