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Item hir ist zu wissen wer dz puluer vnd dz geschitz erdacht vnd erfunden hat, der ist gewessen ain
Bernhardinerminch mit namen Bartoldus nigersten Da man zelt 1380 Jar. Der bartoldus niger ist vonn wegen der kunst die er erfunden vnd erdacht hat gerichtet worden vom leben zum todt Im 1388.
261:, who developed a recipe for effective gunpowder in c. 1380, and who was possibly executed as a magician some years later. The recipes given in the 15th-century German manuals for pyrotechnics would then be directly derived from the recipe as developed by Berthold.
257:(1910) thinks that reports of a "Master Berthold" in the early 15th century, barely 25 years after this master's death, should be taken seriously as historical testimony of an alchemist Berthold, called "the Black", member of the
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It is unclear whether
Schwarz is a historical person. It has been suggested that he was indeed a historical alchemist who developed gunpowder in Germany, but other scholars consider him purely legendary.
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The purported period of
Schwarz's activity (in the late 14th century) thus falls between the first reports of gunpowder in Europe in the late 13th century and the development of effective applications in
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It is also possible that
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1410, preserved in various 15th-century copies. The relevant passage credits an alchemist and Master of Arts, "Master
Berthold" (
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but would rather have developed an effective recipe which opened technological possibilities and initiated the development of
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during the 1520s to 1530s, who was also the first to introduce the epithet "the Black" (in
Latinized form, as
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Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and
Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World
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The Great
Didactic, Comenius, John Amos, Adam & Charles Black, London, 1633/1907, p. 83
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The first reference to
Schwarz is found in an anonymous manual of pyrotechnics that dates to
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190:(or Anklitzen), who was persecuted for being an alchemist and had to flee to
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Johann
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This historical Master Berthold, who would not have invented gunpowder
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for the paperback reprint, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998)
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was executed for the art he had invented in the year 1388."
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Portrait identifying Schwarz as the "inventor of artillery"
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Jochannan/ Clarke, Dr. Yosef Ben/ Dr. John Henrik (1991).
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and was notable for the spectacular explosion at the end.
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of the late 14th century, credited with the invention of
443:(Hardback ed.). Cambridge: W. Hefer and Sons, Ltd.
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In 1853, a monument to Berthold Schwarz was erected in
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from 1329 to 1336. Other sources identify him with one
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Photo and drawing of monument in Freiburg (in German)
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to a point where its application became worthwhile.
272:during the 15th century, is likened by Feldhaus to
158:by 15th- through 19th-century European literature.
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
201:, "black powder", the German term for gunpowder.
410:(Paperback ed.). New York: Basic Books.
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142:(sometimes spelled Schwartz), also known as
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
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372:. Brawtley Press St Johns. p. 18.
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441:A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
429:Berthold (Erfinder des Schießpulvers)
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527:Scientists from Freiburg im Breisgau
51:adding citations to reliable sources
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220:Such details are first reported by
178:Schwarz is possibly identical with
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370:New Dimensions In African History
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502:Collier's New Encyclopedia
439:Partington, J. R. (1960).
16:For the psychiatrist, see
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246:... in the year 1380 ...
180:Bertold von Lützelstetten
166:in the mid-15th century.
480:Henry M. Brock (1913). "
542:14th-century alchemists
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487:Catholic Encyclopedia
476:Texts on Wikisource:
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188:Konstantin Angeleisen
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425:Franz Maria Feldhaus
406:Kelly, Jack (2005).
331:History of gunpowder
304:Freiburg im Breisgau
259:Order of St. Bernard
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308:Josef Alois Knittel
244:Bartoldus nigersten
184:University of Paris
18:Berthold E. Schwarz
522:German Franciscans
497:Schwartz, Berthold
315:Ludwig Anzengruber
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144:Berthold the Black
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62:"Berthold Schwarz"
379:978-1-943138-13-5
358:Partington, 1960.
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45:Please help
40:verification
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392:Gartz 2007.
282:Denis Papin
516:Categories
400:References
274:James Watt
222:Franz Helm
103:April 2014
73:newspapers
266:ex nihilo
164:artillery
156:gunpowder
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325:See also
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