956:
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become coated on both sides. Growth occurs at the rate of 1 millimetre (0.039 in) per month, a typical seven-month growth run producing emerald crystals of 7 mm of thickness. The green color of emeralds is widely attributed to presence of Cr ions. Intensely green beryls from Brazil, Zimbabwe and elsewhere in which the color is attributed to
497:
860:
1302:
42:
1144:
synthetics have been produced. The first commercially successful emerald synthesis process was that of
Carroll Chatham. The other large producer of flux emeralds was Pierre Gilson Sr., which has been on the market since 1964. Gilson's emeralds are usually grown on natural colorless beryl seeds which
699:
with dimensions 5.5 by 1.2 m (18.0 by 3.9 ft) with a mass of around 18 tonnes (20 short tons); it is New
Hampshire's state mineral. As of 1999, the world's largest known naturally occurring crystal of any mineral is a crystal of beryl from Malakialina, Madagascar, 18 m (59 ft)
1028:
1287:-quality variety of beryl. Orange/yellow varieties of morganite can also be found, and color banding is common. It can be routinely heat treated to remove patches of yellow and is occasionally treated by irradiation to improve its color. The pink color of morganite is attributed to Mn ions.
1195:"gift") but golden beryl refers to pure yellow or golden yellow shades, while heliodor refers to the greenish-yellow shades. The golden yellow color is attributed to Fe ions. Both golden beryl and heliodor are used as gems. Probably the largest cut golden beryl is the flawless 2,054-
867:
The pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe. Fe ions produce golden-yellow color, and when both Fe and Fe are present, the color is a darker blue as in maxixe. Decoloration of maxixe by light or heat thus may be due to the charge transfer between Fe and Fe.
1248:
The gem value of goshenite is relatively low. However, goshenite can be colored yellow, green, pink, blue and in intermediate colors by irradiating it with high-energy particles. The resulting color depends on the content of Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, and Co impurities.
1384:, and the rough crystals easily by their differing crystal systems (pezzottaite trigonal, red beryl hexagonal). Synthetic red beryl is also produced. Like emerald and unlike most other varieties of beryl, the red ones are usually highly included.
2828:
Behmenburg, Christa; Conklin, Lawrence; Giuliani, Gaston; Glas, Maximilian; Gray, Patricia; Gray, Michael (January 2002). Giuliani, Gaston; Jarnot, Miranda; Neumeier, Gunther; Ottaway, Terri; Sinkankas, John (eds.).
1364:, although this locality does not often produce gem-grade stones. The bulk of gem-grade red beryl comes from the Ruby-Violet Claim in the Wah Wah Mts. of midwestern Utah, discovered in 1958 by Lamar Hodges, of
2459:
Carranza, E. J. M.; Woldai, T.; Chikambwe, E. M. (March 2005). "Application of Data-Driven
Evidential Belief Functions to Prospectivity Mapping for Aquamarine-Bearing Pegmatites, Lundazi District, Zambia".
755: axis. These channels permit a variety of ions, neutral atoms, and molecules to be incorporated into the crystal thus disrupting the overall charge of the crystal permitting further substitutions in
2649:
Giuliani, G.; Chaussidon, M.; Schubnel, H.J.; Piat, D.H.; Rollion-Bard, C.; France-Lanord, C.; Giard, D.; de
Narvaez, D.; Rondeau, B. (2000). "Oxygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since antiquity".
1891:"Brille", in: Wolfgang Pfeifer et al., Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (1993), digitalisierte und von Wolfgang Pfeifer überarbeitete Version im Digitalen Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, <
767:
sites in the crystal structure. These impurities give rise to the variety of colors of beryl that can be found. Increasing alkali content within the silicate ring channels causes increases to the
1245:, where it was originally discovered. In the past, goshenite was used for manufacturing eyeglasses and lenses owing to its transparency. Nowadays, it is most commonly used for gemstone purposes.
793:
Beryl is a beryllium compound that is a known carcinogen with acute toxic effects leading to pneumonitis when inhaled. Care must thus be used when mining, handling, and refining these gems.
1279:
Morganite, also known as "pink beryl", "rose beryl", "pink emerald" (which is not a legal term according to the new
Federal Trade Commission Guidelines and Regulations), and "cesian (or
489:
are relatively rare. Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities; possible colors are green, blue, yellow, pink, and red (the rarest). It is an ore source of
1059:. A trapiche emerald exhibits a "star" pattern; it has raylike spokes of dark carbon impurities that give the emerald a six-pointed radial pattern. It is named for the
2635:
2768:
Ibragimova, E.M.; Mukhamedshina, N.M.; Islamov, A.Kh. (2009). "Correlations between admixtures and color centers created upon irradiation of natural beryl crystals".
2212:
Viana, R.R.; da Costa, G.M.; de Grave, E.; Stern, W.B.; Jordt-Evangelista, H. (2002). "Characterization of beryl (aquamarine variety) by Mössbauer spectroscopy".
2004:
5283:
389:
None (some fracture-filling materials used to improve emerald's clarity do fluoresce, but the stone itself does not). Morganite has weak violet fluorescence.
3123:
3051:
955:
1333:). Red "bixbite" beryl formerly was marketed as "red" or "scarlet emerald", but these terms involving "Emerald" terminology are now prohibited in the US.
1337:
681:. Common beryl, mined as beryllium ore, is found in small deposits in many countries, but the main producers are Russia, Brazil, and the United States.
2258:
Blak, Ana Regina; Isotani, Sadao; Watanabe, Shigueo (1983). "Optical absorption and electron spin resonance in blue and green natural beryl: A reply".
2940:
5313:
2374:
Fritsch, E.; Shigley, J.E. (1989). "Contribution to the identification of treated colored diamonds: diamonds with peculiar color-zoned pavilions".
916:
5268:
1380:
analog of beryl, found in
Madagascar and, more recently, Afghanistan; cut gems of the two varieties can be distinguished by their difference in
2910:
3157:
2999:
2890:
2863:
2838:
2812:
2747:
2574:
2193:
2142:
1980:
1942:
1844:
1806:
1735:
5367:
4040:
1391:. It is formed by crystallizing under low pressure and high temperature from a pneumatolytic phase along fractures or within near-surface
1073:
are generally the most prized due to their transparency and fire. Some of the rarest emeralds come from the two main emerald belts in the
5278:
3794:
3225:
2724:
2543:
1200:
2358:
1917:
428:
2074:
119:
1487:
5273:
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1707:
4797:
2301:
Andersson, Lars Olov (July 15, 2019). "Comments on Beryl Colors and on Other
Observations Regarding Iron-containing Beryls".
1870:
1074:
853:
270:
1741:
899:, although the minerals are within a wilderness area which prevents collecting. In Brazil, there are mines in the states of
5288:
1322:
306:
3747:
3716:
3029:
879:
in central
Colorado, and in the New England and North Carolina pegmatites. Aquamarines are also present in the state of
3105:
2598:
5362:
1387:
While gem beryls are ordinarily found in pegmatites and certain metamorphic stones, red beryl occurs in topaz-bearing
645:
ore bodies formed as high-temperature hydrothermal veins. In granitic pegmatites, beryl is found in association with
3075:
1686:
3195:
1162:
4251:
3731:
3119:
1361:
1126:
784:
486:
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721:
479:
134:
5298:
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3811:
3787:
3218:
1310:
514:
109:
2932:
2858:. Rock-forming Minerals. Vol. 1B (2 ed.). Bath: Geological Society of London. pp. 393–394.
892:
24:
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260:
247:
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972:
912:
557:
522:
296:
283:
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2132:
1263:
1183:, golden beryl generally has very few flaws. The term "golden beryl" is sometimes synonymous with
1027:
5129:
4790:
3859:
3839:
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3211:
2785:
2629:
2485:
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1998:
1635:
1090:
1082:
1070:
950:
884:
650:
237:
20:
607:
Beryl is a common mineral, and it is widely distributed in nature. It is found most commonly in
5037:
4306:
3889:
3153:
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2886:
2859:
2834:
2808:
2743:
2675:
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2189:
2138:
1986:
1976:
1938:
1913:
1840:
1812:
1802:
1731:
1538:
1345:
1344:
Red beryl is very rare and has only been reported from a handful of North
American locations:
1314:
904:
888:
844:
contain aquamarine. Green-yellow beryl, such as that occurring in Brazil, is sometimes called
729:
700:
long and 3.5 m (11 ft) in diameter, and weighing 380,000 kg (840,000 lb).
634:
447:
169:
2880:
2720:
1834:
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3999:
3919:
3721:
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2702:
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2535:
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2402:
2318:
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2018:
1625:
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1321:. The dark red color is attributed to Mn ions. Old synonym "bixbite" is deprecated from the
1204:
1052:
807:
768:
561:
475:
451:
408:
334:
316:
227:
78:
51:
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2069:
2019:"Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 32, Beryllium and Beryllium compounds"
1865:
1436:
1258:
1216:
1044:
836:
variety of beryl. It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl. The gem-gravel
288:
47:
2039:
2992:"What gemstone is found in Utah that is rarer than diamond and more valuable than gold?"
2663:
2473:
2314:
2271:
2225:
2109:
2064:
1621:
1571:, which means "emerald". In turn the semetic language words are possibly related to the
1309:
Red variety of beryl (the "bixbite") was first described in 1904 for an occurrence, its
708:
4664:
4608:
4596:
4525:
4169:
4107:
3884:
3617:
3454:
3189:
1794:
1506:
1412:
1365:
993:
979:
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821:
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have produced some of the largest beryls found, including one massive crystal from the
678:
530:
178:
129:
3174:
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4783:
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71:
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4102:
4062:
3954:
3695:
3681:
3677:
3664:
3515:
3260:
2693:
Hosaka, M. (1991). "Hydrothermal growth of gem stones and their characterization".
2117:
1502:
1196:
900:
872:
384:
199:
2833:. ExtraLapis. Vol. 2. East Hampton, CT: Lapis International. pp. 75–77.
1860:
2671:
2504:
1725:
975:, so their brittleness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor.
5308:
5092:
5068:
4835:
4701:
4591:
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1400:
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688:
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252:
148:
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1990:
1678:
583:
were constructed in 13th-century Italy, the lenses were made of beryl (or of
5224:
5205:
5193:
5153:
5146:
5141:
5134:
5121:
5044:
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4972:
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1221:
1137:
1066:
841:
829:
764:
756:
658:
626:
611:
587:) as glass could not be made clear enough. Consequently, glasses were named
569:
490:
444:
441:
222:
Prismatic to tabular crystals; radial, columnar; granular to compact massive
2679:
2322:
859:
545:, which referred to a 'precious blue-green color-of-sea-water stone'; from
2233:
1301:
1136:
Emerald is a rare and valuable gemstone and, as such, it has provided the
812:
633:. It is less common in ordinary granite and is only infrequently found in
5241:
5229:
5217:
5032:
4940:
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4852:
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4332:
4321:
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4004:
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3899:
3874:
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3844:
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3659:
3638:
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3526:
3501:
3491:
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3355:
3312:
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3234:
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1572:
1498:
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1416:
1388:
1326:
1284:
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1110:
1102:
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1056:
1048:
968:
964:
928:
642:
630:
1630:
1605:
5188:
4996:
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4952:
4880:
4864:
4744:
4654:
4566:
4475:
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4410:
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4385:
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4192:
4143:
4082:
3939:
3914:
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3685:
3612:
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3279:
3269:
2279:
1892:
1377:
1369:
1180:
1040:
944:
920:
880:
760:
724:. Normally beryl forms hexagonal columns but can also occur in massive
662:
608:
580:
546:
496:
482:
471:
437:
55:
1567:
is also used to mean "lightning flash". It may be related to
Akkadian
1093:
to the east. Fine emeralds are also found in other countries, such as
5181:
5176:
5158:
5097:
5080:
5056:
5049:
5025:
5013:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4859:
4644:
4550:
4510:
4485:
4420:
4405:
4301:
4286:
4281:
4197:
4148:
4138:
3854:
3819:
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3560:
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3428:
3327:
2965:
1656:
1560:
1510:
1396:
1122:
1098:
1094:
924:
852:(pronounced mah-she-she). Its color results from a radiation-induced
674:
654:
646:
618:
584:
576:. The term was later adopted for the mineral beryl more exclusively.
2407:
2394:
41:
4827:
4623:
4613:
4603:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4530:
4340:
4276:
4208:
3949:
3924:
3869:
3544:
3511:
3417:
3366:
3294:
2428:. Musée national d'histoire naturelle Luxembourg. pp. 139–206
1404:
1335:
1300:
1270:
1262:
1228:
1220:
1167:
1130:
1114:
1078:
1026:
1002:
954:
932:
908:
858:
811:
707:
622:
573:
495:
1545:, as a loan-word meaning a precious emerald-colored stone. Greek
1179:
can range in colors from pale yellow to a brilliant gold. Unlike
5109:
5085:
5061:
4916:
4892:
4495:
4470:
4465:
4415:
4177:
3699:
3633:
3626:
3578:
3377:
3332:
3274:
3243:
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
2134:
Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World
2045:. New Jersey Department of Health and Human Services. April 2020
1318:
871:
In the United States, aquamarines can be found at the summit of
833:
615:
4779:
3776:
3207:
5293:
4840:
4818:
4810:
4806:
3188:
2565:
Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. & Kammerling, Robert C. (1991).
638:
420:
417:
2425:
Minerals and Gem deposits of the eastern Brazilian pegmatites
2376:
The Quarterly Journal of the Gemological Institute of America
1526:
1014:
3772:
3203:
2695:
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials
2395:"Mineral resources of the Sawtooth Primitive Area, Idaho"
1325:
because of the possibility of confusion with the mineral
1172:
Faceted golden beryl, 48.75 carats (9.750 g), Brazil
1140:
for developing synthetic emeralds. Both hydrothermal and
2393:
Kiilsgaard, T.H.; Freeman, V.L.; Coffman, J.S. (1970).
1395:
of the rhyolite. Associated minerals include bixbyite,
1340:
Faceted red beryl, 0.56 carats (0.112 g), Utah, US
747: axis and as parallel layers perpendicular to the
2131:
Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (November 15, 2009).
1453: – List of minerals with Knowledge (XXG) articles
1313:, at Maynard's Claim (Pismire Knolls), Thomas Range,
1275:
Faceted morganite, 2.01 carats (0.402 g), Brazil
1233:
Faceted goshenite, 1.88 carats (0.376 g), Brazil
1031:
Faceted emerald, 1.07 carats (0.214 g), Colombia
429:
996:
414:
5256:
5169:
5120:
4963:
4826:
4817:
4694:
4637:
4559:
4330:
4267:
4206:
4168:
4161:
4121:
4023:
3977:
3970:
3810:
3709:
3597:
3535:
3482:
3473:
3386:
3346:
3303:
3258:
3248:
2509:. U.S. Geological Survey. pp. 22.1, 27.1, 39.3
2353:. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand. pp. 507–509.
1908:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
1903:
1901:
1799:
The Manual of Mineral Science (after James D. Dana)
1157:"Heliodor" redirects here. For the given name, see
891:. Another location within the United States is the
732:beryl incorporates rings of silicate tetrahedra of
411:
393:
380:
370:
357:
333:
325:
315:
305:
295:
282:
269:
259:
246:
236:
226:
216:
208:
198:
193:
168:
155:
140:
128:
118:
108:
77:
67:
62:
34:
2186:Rediscovering Colors: A Study in Pollyanna Realism
1937:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 301.
1447: – Mineral or gemstone of beryllium aluminate
485:of beryl can be up to several meters in size, but
3120:"Red beryl value, price, and jewelry information"
2569:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 203.
2344:
2342:
2340:
1563:pectoral pendant of the Kohen HaGadol. The word
848:. The deep blue version of aquamarine is called
212:Green, blue, yellow, colorless, pink, and others
1912:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 472.
1372:. Red beryl has been known to be confused with
1283:) beryl", is a rare light pink to rose-colored
1149:have also been sold and certified as emeralds.
2096:Owens, George (1957). "The Amateur Lapidary".
1576:
4791:
3788:
3219:
2854:Deer, W.A.; Zussman, J.; Howie, R.A. (1997).
2805:Gemstones: Properties, Identification and Use
1971:Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2013).
1559:, for one of the twelve listed stones in the
1549:was used to translate the native Hebrew word
963:Emerald is green beryl, colored by around 2%
8:
2960:
2958:
2634:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2446:
2137:. University of Chicago Press. p. 125.
1973:An introduction to the rock-forming minerals
1828:
1826:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1550:
978:The modern English word "emerald" comes via
2907:"Goshenite, the colorless variety of beryl"
1836:The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology
1651:
1649:
1005:
4823:
4798:
4784:
4776:
4165:
3974:
3795:
3781:
3773:
3743:
3479:
3255:
3226:
3212:
3204:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1910:Manual of Mineralogy (after James D. Dana)
1801:(23rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley.
46:Three varieties of beryl (left to right):
2406:
2207:
2205:
1961:, London, Natural History Museum, page 58
1629:
1509:explains the gem name as meaning " from
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2422:Cassedanne, J.; Philippo, Simon (2015).
1035:Emeralds in antiquity were mined by the
883:, aquamarine has been discovered in the
739:
735:
470:. Well-known varieties of beryl include
101:
97:
93:
89:
2807:. London: New Holland. pp. 77–78.
2727:from the original on 10 September 2011.
2253:
2251:
2158:Bradshaw, John J. (September 1, 2018).
2040:"Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet: Beryl"
1596:
1468:
1199:(410.8 g) stone on display in the
1129:. In 1998, emeralds were discovered in
751: axis, forming channels along the
743:that are arranged in columns along the
712:Beryl crystal structure with view down
2985:
2983:
2885:. New Holland Publishers. p. 77.
2627:
2542:. California Institute of Technology.
1996:
1713:from the original on 28 November 2011.
1125:. In the US, emeralds can be found in
1055:is occasionally found in the mines of
31:
16:Gemstone: beryllium aluminium silicate
2976:from the original on 3 December 2013.
2601:from the original on November 2, 2016
2188:. Netherlands: Springer. p. 21.
1744:from the original on 20 November 2017
1667:from the original on 26 October 2007.
7:
3078:from the original on 3 December 2007
3002:from the original on 8 November 2010
2742:. Gemological Institute of America.
2597:. Gemological Institute of America.
2077:from the original on 6 February 2017
1957:G. Cressey and I. F. Mercer, (1999)
1893:https://www.dwds.de/wb/etymwb/Brille
1606:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1051:. A rare type of emerald known as a
673:contacts of igneous intrusions with
3126:from the original on 28 August 2017
3108:from the original on 12 March 2016.
3032:from the original on 28 August 2017
2546:from the original on 22 August 2011
1873:from the original on 9 October 2013
1839:. Wordsworth Editions. p. 36.
1551:
1065:, a grinding wheel used to process
5314:Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)
985:, imported from modern French via
14:
2913:from the original on 30 June 2009
2622:Precious Stones for Curative Wear
2260:Physics and Chemistry of Minerals
2214:Physics and Chemistry of Minerals
1706:. Mineral Data Publishing. 2001.
1689:from the original on 12 May 2008.
637:. Beryl is often associated with
5331:
3754:
3742:
3173:
2943:from the original on 9 July 2009
1429:
407:
40:
5294:Magmatic nickel-copper-iron-PGE
5284:Kambalda-type komatiitic nickel
3356:Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
2538:. Mineral Spectroscopy Server.
2399:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
1368:, while he was prospecting for
1329:(both named after mineralogist
560:origin, maybe from the name of
556:'beryl' which is ultimately of
146:Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/mmm)
5304:Sedimentary exhalative (SedEx)
2856:Disilicates and Ring Silicates
2118:10.1080/00357529.1957.11766963
1975:(Third ed.). London, UK.
1895:>, retrieved 9 August 2024.
669:. Beryl is sometimes found in
500:Main beryl producing countries
1:
5279:Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG)
3178:The dictionary definition of
3122:. International Gem Society.
1797:; Dana, James Dwight (2007).
3748:List of gemstones by species
3717:List of individual gemstones
3378:Precious White and Fire Opal
2998:. Vol. 34, no. 3.
2990:Ege, Carl (September 2002).
2707:10.1016/0960-8974(91)90008-Z
2672:10.1126/science.287.5453.631
5368:Minerals in space group 192
2620:Fernie, W.T., M.D. (1906).
1241:. The name originates from
971:. Most emeralds are highly
915:. The mines of Colombia,
704:Crystal habit and structure
5384:
5269:Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc
3150:Emerald & Other Beryls
2536:"Color in the beryl group"
2462:Natural Resources Research
1935:Introduction to mineralogy
1933:Nesse, William D. (2000).
1730:. Sterling Publishing Co.
1527:
1294:
1256:
1237:Colorless beryl is called
1214:
1163:Heliodora (disambiguation)
1156:
1015:
948:
942:
805:
782:
311:Transparent to translucent
18:
5327:
4732:
3740:
3732:List of sapphires by size
3241:
2895:– via Google Books.
2782:10.1134/S0020168509020101
2591:"Emerald Quality Factors"
2482:10.1007/s11053-005-4678-9
2303:The Canadian Mineralogist
1833:Skeat, Walter W. (1993).
1724:Schumann, Walter (2009).
1577:
1362:Sierra County, New Mexico
1360:, Juab County, Utah; and
1153:Golden beryl and heliodor
1127:Hiddenite, North Carolina
935:also produce aquamarine.
785:Acute beryllium poisoning
39:
3727:List of emeralds by size
3148:Sinkankas, John (1994).
2723:. The Gemology Project.
2624:. John Wright. & Co.
2447:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
2349:Sinkankas, John (1964).
1457:List of emeralds by size
1161:. For similar uses, see
1087:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
722:hexagonal crystal system
19:For the given name, see
4809:, mineral mixtures and
4297:Nickel silver (alpacca)
3196:The American Cyclopædia
2879:Thomas, Arthur (2007).
2803:Thomas, Arthur (2008).
2351:Mineralogy for amateurs
959:Rough emerald on matrix
621:, such as those of the
526:
518:
478:. Naturally occurring
2937:Optical Mineralogy.com
2909:. Amethyst Galleries.
2323:10.3749/canmin.1900021
1727:Gemstones of the World
1610:Mineralogical Magazine
1541:languages as אזמרגד,
1341:
1306:
1276:
1268:
1234:
1226:
1173:
1032:
1006:
997:
960:
864:
825:
817:
717:
534:
501:
25:Beryl (disambiguation)
23:. For other uses, see
5319:Orogenic gold deposit
5264:Banded iron formation
4638:Other natural objects
3295:Natural marine pearls
3068:"Red Emerald History"
2831:Emeralds of the World
2234:10.1007/s002690100210
1339:
1304:
1274:
1266:
1243:Goshen, Massachusetts
1232:
1224:
1171:
1030:
1024:meaning 'green gem'.
958:
862:
846:chrysolite aquamarine
815:
802:Aquamarine and maxixe
720:Beryl belongs to the
711:
614:, but also occurs in
499:
120:Strunz classification
4113:Wire wrapped jewelry
4093:Repoussé and chasing
3414:, pink, yellow-green
3152:. Geoscience Press.
2540:minerals.caltech.edu
2503:Yager, T.R. (2007).
2184:Watkins, M. (2002).
2098:Rocks & Minerals
1679:"Beryl Mineral Data"
1091:Chivor and Somondoco
919:Madagascar, Russia,
242:Imperfect on {0001}
5338:Minerals portal
5274:Heavy mineral sands
4655:Ebonite (vulcanite)
3761:Minerals portal
3333:Precious Black Opal
3022:"The Mineral Beryl"
2770:Inorganic Materials
2738:Nassau, K. (1980).
2664:2000Sci...287..631G
2474:2005NRR....14...47C
2315:2019CaMin..57..551A
2272:1983PCM.....9..279B
2226:2002PCM....29...78V
2110:1957RoMin..32..469O
1631:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1622:2021MinM...85..291W
1604:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1393:miarolitic cavities
1350:Beaver County, Utah
1039:and in what is now
913:Rio Grande do Norte
779:Human health impact
521:– is borrowed, via
487:terminated crystals
5363:Hexagonal minerals
4000:Jewellery designer
3583:Opaque iridescent
3474:Jewelry-Industrial
3420:yellow, blue, pink
2280:10.1007/BF00309581
1584:, meaning "green".
1342:
1307:
1277:
1269:
1235:
1227:
1174:
1071:Colombian emeralds
1033:
961:
951:Colombian emeralds
885:Big Horn Mountains
865:
863:Faceted aquamarine
818:
769:refractive indices
718:
651:potassium feldspar
502:
326:Optical properties
21:Beryl (given name)
5345:
5344:
5252:
5251:
4773:
4772:
4690:
4689:
4560:Organic gemstones
4157:
4156:
3770:
3769:
3598:Industrial stones
3593:
3592:
3469:
3468:
3159:978-0-801-97114-3
3102:The Gemstone List
2892:978-1-845-37602-4
2865:978-1-897-79989-5
2840:978-0-971-53711-8
2814:978-1-845-37602-4
2749:978-0-873-11016-7
2721:"Carroll Chatham"
2658:(5453): 631–633.
2576:978-0-471-42224-2
2506:Minerals Yearbook
2401:. 1319-D: D-108.
2195:978-1-4020-0737-8
2144:978-0-226-30511-0
1982:978-0-903-05627-4
1944:978-0-19-510691-6
1846:978-1-85326-311-8
1808:978-0-471-72157-4
1793:Klein, Cornelis;
1737:978-1-402-76829-3
1537:) is used in the
1493:, meaning either
1346:Wah Wah Mountains
1207:, United States.
1077:of the Colombian
911:, and minorly in
889:Powder River Pass
820:Aquamarine (from
635:nepheline syenite
400:
399:
204:537.50 g/mol
5375:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5289:Lateritic nickel
5245:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5162:
5150:
5138:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5053:
5041:
5029:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4956:
4944:
4932:
4920:
4908:
4896:
4884:
4872:
4856:
4844:
4824:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4777:
4217:Britannia silver
4166:
3975:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3774:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3746:
3745:
3722:List of diamonds
3480:
3256:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3177:
3163:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3110:
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3094:
3088:
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3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2939:. 2 March 2009.
2929:
2923:
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2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
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2851:
2845:
2844:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2740:Gems Made by Man
2735:
2729:
2728:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2690:
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2639:
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2181:
2175:
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2128:
2122:
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2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1905:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1830:
1821:
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1790:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1768:www.minerals.net
1760:
1754:
1753:
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1749:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1691:
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1601:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1554:
1553:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1514:
1497:(gem), generic "
1473:
1451:List of minerals
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1382:refractive index
1354:Paramount Canyon
1205:Washington, D.C.
1083:Muzo and Coscuez
1053:trapiche emerald
1047:in contemporary
1020:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1000:
832:") is a blue or
808:Aquamarine (gem)
754:
750:
746:
742:
715:
452:chemical formula
432:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
376:Weak to distinct
335:Refractive index
317:Specific gravity
275:
104:
84:
83:(repeating unit)
44:
32:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5332:
5330:
5323:
5299:Porphyry copper
5248:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5203:
5191:
5179:
5165:
5156:
5144:
5132:
5116:
5107:
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5071:
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4902:
4890:
4878:
4862:
4850:
4838:
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4804:
4774:
4769:
4728:
4686:
4675:Spondylus shell
4633:
4555:
4326:
4312:Stainless steel
4263:
4247:Sterling silver
4207:Precious metal
4202:
4170:Precious metals
4153:
4117:
4019:
3966:
3806:
3801:
3771:
3766:
3755:
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3736:
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3382:
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3299:
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3187:
3170:
3160:
3147:
3144:
3142:Further reading
3139:
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3015:
3005:
3003:
2989:
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2981:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2933:"Goshenite Gem"
2931:
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2070:Merriam-Webster
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1866:Merriam-Webster
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1809:
1795:Dutrow, Barbara
1792:
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1521:
1517:
1485:Sanskritization
1474:
1470:
1465:
1437:Minerals portal
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1299:
1293:
1261:
1259:Morganite (gem)
1255:
1219:
1217:Goshenite (gem)
1213:
1166:
1155:
1069:in the region.
1016:
953:
947:
941:
917:Skardu Pakistan
810:
804:
799:
791:
783:Main articles:
781:
752:
748:
744:
741:
737:
733:
713:
706:
679:carbonate rocks
605:
579:When the first
507:
469:
465:
461:
457:
430:
410:
406:
366:= 0.0040–0.0070
352:
346:
344:
273:
185:= 9.19 Å;
151:: (6/m 2/m 2/m)
147:
103:
99:
95:
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87:
82:
81:
58:
28:
17:
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4736:Related topics
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3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3689:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3620:
3618:Petrified wood
3615:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3570:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3405:
3404:, polychromous
3399:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3253:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3185:
3169:
3168:External links
3166:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3111:
3089:
3072:RedEmerald.com
3059:
3043:
3013:
2979:
2970:www.mindat.org
2954:
2924:
2898:
2891:
2871:
2864:
2846:
2839:
2820:
2813:
2795:
2755:
2748:
2730:
2712:
2685:
2641:
2612:
2582:
2575:
2557:
2520:
2495:
2451:
2449:, p. 472.
2439:
2414:
2408:10.3133/b1319D
2385:
2366:
2359:
2336:
2309:(4): 551–566.
2293:
2247:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2160:"Maxixe Beryl"
2150:
2143:
2123:
2088:
2056:
2031:
2010:
1981:
1963:
1950:
1943:
1925:
1918:
1897:
1884:
1852:
1845:
1822:
1807:
1780:
1755:
1736:
1716:
1692:
1683:webmineral.org
1670:
1645:
1616:(3): 291–320.
1595:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1515:
1507:folk etymology
1483:to the pseudo-
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1424:
1421:
1413:pseudobrookite
1366:Fillmore, Utah
1358:Round Mountain
1295:Main article:
1292:
1289:
1257:Main article:
1254:
1251:
1215:Main article:
1212:
1209:
1189:hēlios – ἥλιος
1154:
1151:
1075:Eastern Ranges
994:Medieval Latin
980:Middle English
967:and sometimes
943:Main article:
940:
937:
905:Espírito Santo
897:Stanley, Idaho
893:Sawtooth Range
806:Main article:
803:
800:
798:
795:
780:
777:
705:
702:
623:Ural Mountains
604:
601:
515:Middle English
506:
503:
467:
463:
459:
455:
398:
397:
395:
391:
390:
387:
378:
377:
374:
368:
367:
361:
355:
354:
350:
342:
337:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
286:
280:
279:
276:
267:
266:
263:
257:
256:
250:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
230:
224:
223:
220:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
194:Identification
191:
190:
189: = 2
172:
166:
165:
159:
153:
152:
144:
138:
137:
132:
130:Crystal system
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
85:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
45:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5380:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5340:
5339:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:Deposit types
5255:
5243:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5160:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4954:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Body piercing
4738:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4629:Tortoiseshell
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Bench jeweler
3983:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Pink sapphire
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Blue Sapphire
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3190:"Beryl"
3186:
3184:at Wiktionary
3183:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2360:0-442-27624-9
2356:
2352:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2104:(9–10): 471.
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1919:0-471-57452-X
1915:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:" (gem). The
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:Maynard Bixby
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:type locality
1303:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:dōron – δῶρον
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:, as well as
1042:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
957:
952:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:Sawatch Range
874:
869:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
814:
809:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
778:
776:
774:
773:birefringence
770:
766:
762:
758:
731:
730:cyclosilicate
727:
723:
710:
703:
701:
698:
697:Albany, Maine
694:
693:Bumpus Quarry
690:
686:
682:
680:
677:, schist, or
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
613:
610:
602:
600:
598:
595:in Dutch and
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
539:Ancient Greek
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
504:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
434:
425:
404:
396:
392:
388:
386:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
362:
360:
359:Birefringence
356:
353:= 1.568–1.602
349:
345:= 1.564–1.595
341:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
251:
249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
219:
218:Crystal habit
215:
211:
207:
203:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
171:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
142:Crystal class
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
86:
80:
76:
73:
72:Cyclosilicate
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5329:
5200:
5009:Chalcopyrite
4811:ore deposits
4807:Ore minerals
4765:Wearable art
4760:Phaleristics
4755:Metalworking
4660:Gutta-percha
4436:Lapis lazuli
4360:
4222:Colored gold
4103:Stonesetting
3752:
3696:Pyrophyllite
3665:Serpentinite
3646:(green mica)
3536:
3516:Baltic amber
3483:
3407:
3387:
3347:
3304:
3259:
3194:
3180:
3149:
3128:. Retrieved
3114:
3101:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3026:Minerals.net
3025:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2996:Survey Notes
2995:
2969:
2945:. Retrieved
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2901:
2881:
2874:
2855:
2849:
2830:
2823:
2804:
2798:
2773:
2769:
2739:
2733:
2715:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2621:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2594:
2585:
2566:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2539:
2511:. Retrieved
2505:
2498:
2468:(1): 47–63.
2465:
2461:
2454:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2424:
2417:
2398:
2388:
2382:(2): 95–101.
2379:
2375:
2369:
2350:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2263:
2259:
2217:
2213:
2185:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2153:
2133:
2126:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2068:
2065:"aquamarine"
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2013:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1934:
1928:
1909:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1835:
1798:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1726:
1719:
1695:
1682:
1673:
1660:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1581:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1518:
1503:lapis lazuli
1490:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1386:
1343:
1308:
1280:
1278:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1201:Hall of Gems
1192:
1188:
1187:(from Greek
1184:
1177:Golden beryl
1176:
1175:
1141:
1135:
1085:west of the
1060:
1034:
1021:
989:
982:
977:
962:
901:Minas Gerais
873:Mount Antero
870:
866:
854:color center
849:
845:
840:deposits of
819:
792:
719:
683:
606:
599:in Danish).
596:
592:
588:
585:rock crystal
578:
568:, a town in
565:
553:
549:
542:
510:
508:
440:composed of
402:
401:
385:fluorescence
363:
347:
339:
329:Uniaxial (−)
255:to irregular
200:Formula mass
186:
182:
177:= 9.21
174:
161:
29:
5358:Beryl group
5093:Pentlandite
5069:Molybdenite
4836:Cassiterite
4702:Art jewelry
4526:Tiger's eye
4431:Labradorite
4381:Chrysocolla
4376:Chrysoberyl
4292:Mokume-gane
4269:Base metals
4041:centrifugal
4010:Silversmith
3885:Ferronnière
3835:Belt buckle
3830:Belly chain
3678:Ophicalcite
3559:Colorless,
3522:Chrysoprase
3433:Spessartine
3398:– Verdelite
3290:Alexandrite
3082:21 November
3052:16 CFR
2966:"Red Beryl"
2701:(1–4): 71.
2605:November 1,
1495:"cat's eye"
1445:Chrysoberyl
1409:spessartine
1374:pezzottaite
1315:Juab County
1142:flux-growth
1119:Afghanistan
826:aqua marina
789:Berylliosis
685:New England
671:metasomatic
591:in German (
572:, southern
382:Ultraviolet
372:Pleochroism
307:Diaphaneity
291:to resinous
157:Space group
5352:Categories
5237:Wolframite
5213:Sperrylite
5122:Carbonates
5105:Sphalerite
5074:molybdenum
5021:Chalcocite
4924:Pyrolusite
4536:Tourmaline
4481:Prasiolite
4356:Aventurine
4227:Crown gold
4129:Draw plate
4078:Metal clay
4015:Watchmaker
4005:Lapidarist
3990:Clockmaker
3865:Collar pin
3860:Chatelaine
3682:Serpentine
3670:Aventurine
3644:Listwanite
3435:(malaya),
3402:Indicolite
3396:Tourmaline
3369:(Imperial)
3361:Aquamarine
2776:(2): 162.
2266:(6): 279.
2081:5 February
1877:27 January
1661:mindat.org
1592:References
1401:orthoclase
1159:Heliodorus
1107:Madagascar
998:esmaraldus
987:Old French
949:See also:
923:, Zambia,
816:Aquamarine
716: axis
689:pegmatites
667:tourmaline
612:pegmatites
581:eyeglasses
523:Old French
476:aquamarine
394:References
271:Mohs scale
253:Conchoidal
149:H-M symbol
110:IMA symbol
52:aquamarine
5225:Scheelite
5206:beryllium
5194:aluminium
5154:Malachite
5147:magnesium
5142:Magnesite
5135:magnesium
5045:Cobaltite
4985:Argentite
4973:Acanthite
4948:Uraninite
4936:Tantalite
4929:manganese
4912:Magnetite
4876:Columbite
4682:Toadstone
4619:Operculum
4546:Variscite
4541:Turquoise
4521:Tanzanite
4456:Moonstone
4451:Marcasite
4446:Malachite
4371:Carnelian
4346:Amazonite
4333:gemstones
4307:Pinchbeck
4252:Argentium
4242:Shibuichi
4183:Palladium
4162:Materials
4098:Soldering
4088:Polishing
4063:Engraving
4058:Enameling
4024:Processes
3995:Goldsmith
3930:Tie chain
3905:Neck ring
3895:Lapel pin
3804:Jewellery
3673:quartzite
3625:(Porouse
3623:Cacholong
3585:feldspars
3555:Rhodonite
3550:Amazonite
3537:2nd order
3507:Malachite
3484:1st order
3461:Turquoise
3441:Almandine
3437:Rhodolite
3388:4th order
3348:3rd order
3338:Tanzanite
3323:Tsavorite
3318:Demantoid
3305:2nd order
3261:1st order
3235:Gemstones
3130:28 August
3098:"Bixbite"
3036:28 August
2882:Gemstones
2630:cite book
2513:April 15,
2490:129933245
2432:April 15,
2331:200066862
2220:(1): 78.
2169:August 4,
2049:August 4,
1999:cite book
1991:858884283
1640:235729616
1547:smaragdos
1535:smaragdos
1529:σμάραγδος
1463:Footnotes
1389:rhyolites
1305:Red beryl
1297:Red beryl
1291:Red beryl
1267:Morganite
1253:Morganite
1239:goshenite
1225:Goshenite
1211:Goshenite
1138:incentive
1067:sugarcane
1037:Egyptians
1022:smaragdos
1017:σμάραγδος
1007:smaragdus
990:ésmeraude
842:Sri Lanka
830:sea water
797:Varieties
765:beryllium
757:aluminium
659:muscovite
627:limestone
625:, and in
570:Karnataka
558:Dravidian
541:βήρυλλος
509:The word
505:Etymology
491:beryllium
480:hexagonal
450:with the
445:aluminium
442:beryllium
321:2.63–2.92
170:Unit cell
135:Hexagonal
48:morganite
5242:tungsten
5230:tungsten
5218:platinum
5130:Dolomite
5033:Cinnabar
4965:Sulfides
4941:tantalum
4905:titanium
4900:Ilmenite
4888:Hematite
4869:tantalum
4853:chromium
4848:Chromite
4750:Gemology
4724:Fineness
4715:(purity)
4650:Bog-wood
4597:Precious
4577:Ammolite
4516:Sunstone
4506:Sodalite
4501:Sapphire
4461:Obsidian
4401:Fluorite
4391:Diopside
4351:Amethyst
4331:Mineral
4322:Tungsten
4317:Titanium
4232:Electrum
4188:Platinum
4073:Kazaziye
4068:Filigree
4046:lost-wax
3945:Toe ring
3935:Tie clip
3910:Pectoral
3900:Necklace
3875:Cufflink
3850:Bracelet
3845:Bolo tie
3825:Barrette
3692:Pagodite
3660:Fluorite
3655:Selenite
3639:Obsidian
3573:Hematite
3527:Charoite
3502:Nephrite
3492:Lazurite
3450:Amethyst
3412:Heliodor
3124:Archived
3106:Archived
3076:Archived
3030:Archived
3000:Archived
2974:Archived
2941:Archived
2911:Archived
2790:96344887
2725:Archived
2680:10649992
2599:Archived
2567:Gemology
2544:Archived
2288:97353580
2242:96286267
2164:Gemworld
2075:Archived
1959:Crystals
1871:Archived
1817:76798190
1742:Archived
1708:Archived
1687:Archived
1665:Archived
1582:marakata
1573:Sanskrit
1543:izmargad
1491:vaiḍūrya
1481:veḷuriya
1477:veruḷiya
1475:Compare
1423:See also
1417:hematite
1327:bixbyite
1191:"sun" +
1185:heliodor
1147:vanadium
1111:Pakistan
1103:Zimbabwe
1062:trapiche
1057:Colombia
1049:Pakistan
983:emeraude
973:included
969:vanadium
965:chromium
929:Tanzania
643:tungsten
631:Colombia
609:granitic
603:Deposits
554:veḷuriya
550:veruḷiya
543:bḗryllos
535:beryllus
483:crystals
448:silicate
289:Vitreous
274:hardness
261:Tenacity
248:Fracture
238:Cleavage
228:Twinning
68:Category
5309:Uranium
5189:Bauxite
5038:mercury
4997:Bornite
4953:uranium
4881:niobium
4865:niobium
4745:Fashion
4719:Finding
4567:Abalone
4476:Peridot
4441:Larimar
4426:Kyanite
4411:Howlite
4396:Emerald
4386:Diamond
4259:Tumbaga
4237:Shakudō
4193:Rhodium
4144:Mandrel
4083:Plating
4036:Casting
4031:Carving
3940:Tie pin
3915:Pendant
3890:Genital
3880:Earring
3710:Related
3686:Calcite
3632:Marble
3613:granite
3610:Graphic
3577:Common
3497:Jadeite
3455:Citrine
3429:Garnets
3424:Peridot
3373:Elbaite
3365:Orange
3280:Emerald
3270:Diamond
3250:Jewelry
3199:. 1879.
2660:Bibcode
2652:Science
2595:GIA.edu
2470:Bibcode
2311:Bibcode
2268:Bibcode
2222:Bibcode
2106:Bibcode
2024:16 July
1861:"beryl"
1773:12 July
1764:"Beryl"
1701:"Beryl"
1657:"Beryl"
1618:Bibcode
1569:baraqtu
1565:bareket
1557:bareket
1539:Semitic
1501:", or "
1488:वैडूर्य
1378:caesium
1370:uranium
1281:caesian
1181:emerald
1041:Austria
1010:, from
1001:, from
945:Emerald
939:Emerald
921:Namibia
887:, near
881:Wyoming
875:in the
761:silicon
728:. As a
663:biotite
619:schists
597:briller
547:Prakrit
537:, from
472:emerald
438:mineral
436:) is a
278:7.5–8.0
265:Brittle
124:9.CJ.05
79:Formula
63:General
56:emerald
5182:barium
5177:Baryte
5159:copper
5098:nickel
5081:Pyrite
5057:Galena
5050:cobalt
5026:copper
5014:copper
5002:copper
4990:silver
4978:silver
4860:Coltan
4828:Oxides
4709:(mass)
4645:Bezoar
4551:Zircon
4511:Spinel
4486:Quartz
4421:Jasper
4406:Garnet
4302:Pewter
4287:Copper
4282:Bronze
4209:alloys
4198:Silver
4149:Pliers
4139:Hammer
4051:vacuum
3978:People
3971:Making
3955:pocket
3855:Brooch
3820:Anklet
3605:Jasper
3568:quartz
3476:stones
3445:Pyrope
3328:Spinel
3252:stones
3156:
3006:2 July
2947:6 June
2917:6 June
2889:
2862:
2837:
2811:
2788:
2746:
2678:
2573:
2550:6 June
2488:
2357:
2329:
2286:
2240:
2192:
2141:
1989:
1979:
1941:
1916:
1843:
1815:
1805:
1748:22 May
1734:
1638:
1561:Hoshen
1511:Vidūra
1397:quartz
1123:Russia
1099:Brazil
1095:Zambia
1089:, and
931:, and
925:Malawi
907:, and
850:maxixe
838:placer
763:, and
726:habits
675:gneiss
665:, and
655:albite
647:quartz
589:Brille
297:Streak
284:Luster
5201:Beryl
5170:Other
4713:Carat
4707:Carat
4695:Terms
4670:Shell
4624:Pearl
4614:Nacre
4604:Ivory
4592:Black
4587:Coral
4582:Copal
4572:Amber
4531:Topaz
4490:smoky
4361:Beryl
4341:Agate
4277:Brass
4122:Tools
3960:strap
3950:Watch
3925:Tiara
3870:Crown
3840:Bindi
3812:Forms
3561:smoky
3545:Agate
3512:Amber
3459:Blue
3418:Topaz
3408:Beryl
3367:topaz
3181:beryl
3055:23.26
2786:S2CID
2486:S2CID
2327:S2CID
2284:S2CID
2238:S2CID
2043:(PDF)
1711:(PDF)
1704:(PDF)
1636:S2CID
1575:word
1524:Greek
1499:jewel
1405:topaz
1323:CIBJO
1197:carat
1131:Yukon
1115:India
1079:Andes
1012:Greek
1003:Latin
933:Kenya
909:Bahia
895:near
822:Latin
574:India
566:Velur
562:Belur
531:Latin
527:beryl
519:beril
511:beryl
403:Beryl
301:White
209:Color
164:6/mcc
35:Beryl
5110:zinc
5086:iron
5062:lead
4917:iron
4893:iron
4867:and
4819:Ores
4665:Hair
4496:Ruby
4471:Opal
4466:Onyx
4416:Jade
4178:Gold
4134:File
3920:Ring
3700:Talc
3634:onyx
3627:opal
3579:opal
3565:pink
3563:and
3275:Ruby
3154:ISBN
3132:2017
3084:2007
3038:2017
3008:2011
2949:2009
2919:2009
2887:ISBN
2860:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2809:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2676:PMID
2636:link
2607:2016
2571:ISBN
2552:2009
2515:2022
2434:2022
2355:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2171:2023
2139:ISBN
2083:2017
2051:2023
2026:2019
2005:link
1987:OCLC
1977:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1879:2014
1841:ISBN
1813:OCLC
1803:ISBN
1775:2018
1750:2018
1732:ISBN
1578:मरकत
1552:ברקת
1522:The
1479:and
1415:and
1376:, a
1319:Utah
1121:and
1045:Swat
992:and
834:cyan
787:and
771:and
641:and
616:mica
593:bril
529:and
474:and
431:BERR
232:Rare
54:and
4841:tin
4609:Jet
4365:red
3650:Jet
2778:doi
2703:doi
2668:doi
2656:287
2478:doi
2403:doi
2319:doi
2276:doi
2230:doi
2114:doi
1626:doi
1285:gem
828:, "
695:in
687:'s
639:tin
629:in
564:or
433:-əl
114:Brl
5354::
3443:,
3439:,
3431:–
3410:–
3193:.
3104:.
3100:.
3074:.
3070:.
3028:.
3024:.
2994:.
2982:^
2972:.
2968:.
2957:^
2935:.
2784:.
2774:45
2772:.
2758:^
2699:21
2697:.
2674:.
2666:.
2654:.
2632:}}
2628:{{
2593:.
2523:^
2484:.
2476:.
2466:14
2464:.
2397:.
2380:25
2378:.
2339:^
2325:.
2317:.
2307:57
2305:.
2282:.
2274:.
2262:.
2250:^
2236:.
2228:.
2218:29
2216:.
2204:^
2162:.
2112:.
2102:32
2100:.
2073:.
2067:.
2001:}}
1997:{{
1985:.
1900:^
1869:.
1863:.
1825:^
1811:.
1783:^
1766:.
1740:.
1685:.
1681:.
1663:.
1659:.
1648:^
1634:.
1624:.
1614:85
1612:.
1608:.
1555:,
1513:".
1419:.
1411:,
1407:,
1403:,
1399:,
1356:,
1352:;
1348:,
1317:,
1203:,
1133:.
1117:,
1113:,
1109:,
1105:,
1101:,
1097:,
1081::
927:,
903:,
856:.
824::
775:.
759:,
740:18
734:Si
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
552:,
533::
525::
517::
513:–
493:.
468:18
462:Si
458:Al
454:Be
421:əl
418:ɛr
181:,
102:18
96:Si
92:Al
88:Be
50:,
5244:)
5240:(
5232:)
5228:(
5220:)
5216:(
5208:)
5204:(
5196:)
5192:(
5184:)
5180:(
5161:)
5157:(
5149:)
5145:(
5137:)
5133:(
5112:)
5108:(
5100:)
5096:(
5088:)
5084:(
5076:)
5072:(
5064:)
5060:(
5052:)
5048:(
5040:)
5036:(
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5024:(
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5000:(
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4980:)
4976:(
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4951:(
4943:)
4939:(
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4891:(
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4851:(
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3782:v
3702:)
3698:/
3694:(
3688:)
3684:/
3680:(
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