68:
224:
with receptors in the ventricles of the heart, which detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. Afferent unmyelinated C-fibers travel through the vagus to enhance the baroreceptor reflex mechanisms, inhibit sympathetic output, and inhibit vasomotor tone, leading to peripheral vasodilation. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex is thought to be responsible for the
97:, and termed it the Bezold reflex. It is now usually called the Bezold–Jarisch reflex; however the bradycardia and hypopnea arise from anatomically distinct receptors in the heart and lung respectively and whether hypopnea should be regarded as part of the reflex is disputed. The afferent cardiac neurons relevant to the Bezold–Jarisch reflex have
223:
Chemoreceptors located in the ventricles respond to myocardial ischemia, resulting in an increase in blood flow to the myocardium and a decrease in the work of the heart. This appears to be a cardioprotective reflex, as coronary vasodilation occurs. The pathway for this cardioprotective reflex begins
1436:
217:
the ventricle can become relatively empty and trigger cardiac vagal afferent fibers to elicit the Bezold–Jarisch reflex resulting in paradoxical bradycardia, vasodilation, and hypotension.
256:
in severe aortic stenosis exercise may cause a rise in left ventricular pressure which stimulates the Bezold–Jarisch reflex and results in reflex vasodilation and syncope.
132:. The myelinated afferents originating in the atria are attached to discrete receptor endings, whereas most of the unmyelinated fibers are located in the ventricles and the walls of the
1429:
75:
von Bezold and Hirt described a reaction comprising a triad of bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea (hypopnea) resulting from an intravenous injection of an alkaloidal extract of
1422:
721:"Neural reflex regulation of arterial pressure in pathophysiological conditions: interplay among the baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary reflexes and the chemoreflex"
152:
input overlap and there is evidence that these reflexes modify each other, probably through the actions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as
311:, and tends to restore blood pressure. However, if the Bezold–Jarisch reflex is activated due to the reduced ventricular volume this may trigger paradoxical
85:
in 1867. This observation was comparatively neglected until
Jarisch and Henze re-examined it in 1937; they identified the reaction as a chemoreflex acting
136:. Vagal afferent C fibers originating in the heart and lungs terminate in the NTS, while axons from the heart also inhibit sympathetic nervous activity
877:
Goldman, Lee; Anderson, Jeffrey L. (2012-01-01). "ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION".
985:
911:
886:
59:
and Adolf
Jarisch Junior. The significance of the discovery is that it was the first recognition of a chemical (non-mechanical) reflex.
364:
499:
Aviado, D. M.; Guevara Aviado, D. (June 2001). "The Bezold-Jarisch reflex. A historical perspective of cardiopulmonary reflexes".
2097:
1087:
354:
102:
192:
1251:
1403:
1859:
262:
The Bezold–Jarisch reflex has been suggested as a possible cause of profound bradycardia and circulatory collapse after
2023:
2064:
180:
129:
1831:
1343:
1587:
67:
319:
resulting in syncope. The importance of this mechanism is unclear since vaso-vagal syncope can be observed in
1018:
Smith, M. L. (May 1994). "Mechanisms of vasovagal syncope: relevance to postflight orthostatic intolerance".
236:
block in acute posterior or inferior myocardial infarction. Bradycardia in this setting may be treated with
1687:
1549:
1396:
1136:
929:"The Bezold-Jarisch reflex revisited: Clinical implications of inhibitory reflexes originating in the heart"
819:"Angiotensin receptor antagonists and vaso-vagal attacks due to sensitisation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex?"
380:
Salo LM, Woods RL, Anderson CR, McAllen RM (August 2007). "Nonuniformity in the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex".
157:
121:
1912:
1750:
1544:
1171:
1112:
2017:
1527:
1414:
320:
267:
233:
229:
145:
141:
557:
Campagna, Jason A.; Carter, Christopher (May 2003). "Clinical relevance of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex".
303:
to inhibit vagal activity and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system – this increases heart rate and
109:. They manifest two types of nerve endings in the heart: complex unencapsulated endings located in the
2043:
1950:
1854:
1759:
1572:
1554:
1381:
1140:
1117:
1080:
452:
133:
106:
2070:
1899:
1787:
1772:
1711:
1566:
1376:
1318:
1226:
1132:
285:
125:
1782:
673:
Grimm, D. R. (May 1997). "Neurally mediated syncope: a review of cardiac and arterial receptors".
2058:
1991:
1969:
1963:
1734:
1578:
1561:
1510:
1449:
1445:
1333:
1328:
1277:
1221:
1208:
1051:
590:
532:
476:
405:
277:
263:
2053:
1777:
120:
and an endocardial nerve network throughout the surface of the endocardium. The axons include
55:) in response to noxious stimuli detected in the cardiac ventricles. The reflex is named after
2102:
1850:
1724:
1719:
1642:
1537:
1532:
1505:
1391:
1293:
1191:
1145:
1043:
1035:
991:
981:
958:
950:
907:
882:
848:
840:
799:
750:
742:
698:
690:
652:
634:
582:
574:
524:
516:
468:
397:
360:
281:
225:
114:
56:
331:. It has also been proposed that this mechanism accounts for the increased susceptibility to
1955:
1926:
1767:
1682:
1654:
1647:
1632:
1475:
1386:
1361:
1272:
1256:
1027:
940:
830:
789:
781:
732:
682:
642:
626:
566:
508:
460:
389:
308:
188:
94:
40:
1944:
1888:
1881:
1366:
1303:
1241:
1186:
1122:
1073:
327:. If it operates this phenomenon would be expected to be exacerbated if the individual is
2011:
1983:
1864:
1826:
1792:
456:
428:
1822:
1817:
1740:
1692:
1308:
1246:
1236:
1196:
1176:
1155:
1127:
1104:
1031:
794:
769:
647:
614:
512:
464:
289:
110:
98:
945:
928:
2091:
2048:
2004:
1977:
1602:
1515:
1465:
1313:
1216:
1166:
686:
570:
304:
296:
293:
1055:
737:
720:
536:
480:
1893:
1812:
1670:
1522:
1495:
1487:
594:
409:
976:
Tsai, Tony; Greengrass, Roy (2007). "Spinal
Anesthesia". In Hadzic, Admir (ed.).
443:
Aviado, Domingo M.; Aviado, Domingo
Guevara (2001). "The Bezold-Jarisch Reflex".
356:
Anesthesiology: A Comprehensive Review for the
Written Boards and Recertification
1841:
1803:
1729:
1627:
1622:
1592:
1231:
328:
316:
312:
214:
117:
90:
48:
44:
906:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 595.
785:
630:
423:
393:
1699:
1457:
1323:
300:
184:
176:
149:
52:
35:) involves a variety of cardiovascular and neurological processes which cause
1039:
954:
865:
844:
746:
694:
638:
578:
520:
472:
249:
Hypotension following injection of contrast media during coronary angiography
1675:
995:
196:
172:
153:
852:
835:
818:
803:
656:
586:
528:
401:
202:. It may also contribute to various pathophysiological responses, such as:
1047:
962:
754:
702:
1998:
1500:
1371:
719:
Vasquez, E. C.; Meyrelles, S. S.; Mauad, H.; Cabral, A. M. (April 1997).
332:
237:
210:
199:
168:
164:
76:
36:
167:, it can be stimulated by many biologically active chemicals, including
1935:
1905:
1470:
1096:
881:(24th ed.). Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. p. 444.
770:"Roles of Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex During Bezold-Jarisch Reflex"
615:"Roles of arterial baroreceptor reflex during bezold-jarisch reflex"
1614:
1597:
324:
66:
2035:
1418:
1069:
280:
is unclear. Upright posture results in pooling of blood in the
866:
eMedicine - Syncope : Article by M Silvana
Horenstein, MD
353:
Matthes, Kai; Urman, Richard; Ehrenfeld, Jesse (2013-05-23).
163:
Although the reflex was originally described in response to
1065:
978:
Textbook of
Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
292:. The resultant lowering of blood pressure is sensed by
228:
that commonly occurs within the first hour following a
725:
Brazilian
Journal of Medical and Biological Research
276:
the role of the Bezold–Jarisch reflex in vaso-vagal
39:(excessively shallow breathing or an abnormally low
2034:
1934:
1925:
1873:
1840:
1801:
1758:
1749:
1710:
1663:
1613:
1486:
1456:
1354:
1286:
1265:
1207:
1154:
1103:
193:angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists
71:Memorial plaque for Albert von Bezold in Jena.
1430:
1081:
933:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
232:, and may explain the frequent occurrence of
8:
382:Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol
1931:
1755:
1437:
1423:
1415:
1088:
1074:
1066:
501:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
445:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
335:syncope of astronauts after space flights.
944:
834:
793:
736:
646:
345:
244:Hypotension during coronary reperfusion
817:Sever, P. S.; Hughes, A. (June 2001).
254:Exertional syncope in aortic stenosis:
7:
714:
712:
668:
666:
608:
606:
604:
552:
550:
548:
546:
494:
492:
490:
438:
436:
146:rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)
47:(abnormally low blood pressure) and
675:Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology
148:. The sites of the chemoreflex and
1032:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04987.x
1008:Miller's Anesthesia Ch.52 Pg. 1642
513:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03666.x
465:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03666.x
207:Severe hemorrhage and hypovolemia:
14:
980:. New York: McGraw Hill Medical.
879:Goldman: Goldman's Cecil Medicine
613:Kashihara, Koji (November 2009).
323:who are presumed to lack cardiac
1020:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
687:10.1097/00004691-199705000-00002
571:10.1097/00000542-200305000-00030
128:which travel with the vagus and
738:10.1590/s0100-879x1997000400014
95:nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS)
158:Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
126:unmyelinated fibers (C-fibers)
16:Processes which cause hypopnea
1:
1404:Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
946:10.1016/S0735-1097(83)80014-X
927:Mark, Allyn L. (1983-01-01).
823:Journal of Human Hypertension
142:caudal ventrolateral medulla
2065:superior vena cava syndrome
768:Koji Kashihara (Nov 2009).
321:cardiac transplant patients
234:atrio-ventricular (AV) node
122:myelinated fibers (A-fiber)
2119:
786:10.2174/157340309789317805
631:10.2174/157340309789317805
619:Current Cardiology Reviews
394:10.1152/ajpregu.00099.2007
181:atrial natriuretic peptide
1978:radial artery sufficiency
288:and results in a reduced
33:Von Bezold–Jarisch reflex
1588:Pericardial friction rub
902:Katz, Arnold M. (2001).
144:(CVLM) and possibly the
93:that was relayed in the
51:(abnormally low resting
2098:Cardiovascular diseases
2024:Nicoladoni–Branham sign
1688:Jugular venous pressure
1550:Pulmonary insufficiency
1397:Crossed extensor reflex
1146:Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
1137:Vestibulo-ocular reflex
904:Physiology of the heart
1913:Gallavardin phenomenon
1751:Cardiovascular disease
1172:Brachioradialis reflex
1113:Pupillary light reflex
836:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001190
72:
63:History and physiology
2018:arteriovenous fistula
1832:Bracht–Wachter bodies
1344:Churchill–Cope reflex
1299:Bezold–Jarisch reflex
299:, and stimulates the
268:brachial plexus block
230:myocardial infarction
70:
29:Jarisch-Bezold reflex
21:Bezold–Jarisch reflex
1855:Pericardial effusion
1760:Aortic insufficiency
1573:Mitral insufficiency
1555:Graham Steell murmur
1266:Superficial reflexes
1141:Oculocephalic reflex
1118:Accommodation reflex
221:Myocardial ischemia:
107:dorsal root ganglion
1788:Austin Flint murmur
1567:Carey Coombs murmur
1377:Golgi tendon reflex
1319:Oculocardiac reflex
1133:Caloric reflex test
457:2001NYASA.940...48A
274:Vaso-vagal syncope:
2059:Trendelenburg test
1992:pseudohypertension
1970:Right heart strain
1964:pulmonary embolism
1579:Presystolic murmur
1450:circulatory system
1446:Signs and symptoms
1334:Reflex tachycardia
1329:Reflex bradycardia
1278:Cremasteric reflex
1209:Primitive reflexes
260:Spinal anesthesia:
165:Veratrum alkaloids
130:sympathetic nerves
73:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2044:Friedreich's sign
1951:Cardarelli's sign
1921:
1920:
1851:Cardiac tamponade
1643:Pulsus bisferiens
1533:Functional murmur
1412:
1411:
1392:Withdrawal reflex
1294:Bainbridge reflex
1192:Ankle jerk reflex
987:978-0-07-144906-9
913:978-0-7817-1548-5
888:978-1-4377-1604-7
282:lower extremities
266:and interscalene
264:spinal anesthesia
226:sinus bradycardia
189:nitrovasodilators
57:Albert von Bezold
23:(also called the
2110:
2071:Pemberton's sign
1932:
1927:Vascular disease
1773:De Musset's sign
1768:Collapsing pulse
1756:
1655:Pulsus alternans
1648:Pulsus bigeminus
1633:Pulsus paradoxus
1448:relating to the
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1387:Startle response
1362:List of reflexes
1273:Abdominal reflex
1156:Stretch reflexes
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
999:
973:
967:
966:
948:
924:
918:
917:
899:
893:
892:
874:
868:
863:
857:
856:
838:
814:
808:
807:
797:
774:Curr Cardiol Rev
765:
759:
758:
740:
716:
707:
706:
670:
661:
660:
650:
610:
599:
598:
565:(5): 1250–1260.
554:
541:
540:
496:
485:
484:
440:
431:
420:
414:
413:
377:
371:
370:
350:
309:vasoconstriction
284:that diminishes
134:coronary vessels
41:respiratory rate
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2054:Kussmaul's sign
2030:
1945:aortic aneurysm
1917:
1889:Anitschkow cell
1882:rheumatic fever
1869:
1836:
1797:
1778:Duroziez's sign
1745:
1706:
1659:
1609:
1482:
1452:
1443:
1413:
1408:
1367:Acoustic reflex
1350:
1304:Coronary reflex
1282:
1261:
1203:
1187:Patellar reflex
1150:
1123:Jaw jerk reflex
1099:
1094:
1064:
1063:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
988:
975:
974:
970:
926:
925:
921:
914:
901:
900:
896:
889:
876:
875:
871:
864:
860:
816:
815:
811:
767:
766:
762:
718:
717:
710:
672:
671:
664:
612:
611:
602:
556:
555:
544:
498:
497:
488:
442:
441:
434:
421:
417:
379:
378:
374:
367:
352:
351:
347:
342:
103:nodose ganglion
78:Veratrum viride
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:Janeway lesion
1820:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1741:Template:Shock
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1693:Cannon A waves
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:Still's murmur
1535:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:Cushing reflex
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1287:Cardiovascular
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:Plantar reflex
1194:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:Triceps reflex
1174:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1130:
1128:Corneal reflex
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1026:(5): 460–465.
1010:
1001:
986:
968:
919:
912:
894:
887:
869:
858:
829:(6): 437–438.
809:
780:(4): 263–267.
760:
731:(4): 521–532.
708:
681:(3): 170–182.
662:
625:(4): 263–267.
600:
559:Anesthesiology
542:
486:
432:
415:
388:(2): R714–20.
372:
365:
344:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
290:cardiac output
271:
257:
251:
246:
241:
218:
209:During severe
64:
61:
25:Bezold reflex,
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Caput medusae
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:Lines of Zahn
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:Oliver's sign
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Müller's sign
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Cœur en sabot
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:Gallop rhythm
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1476:Levine's sign
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Referred pain
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Diving reflex
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Biceps reflex
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:Cranial nerve
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
983:
979:
972:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
942:
939:(1): 90–102.
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
915:
909:
905:
898:
895:
890:
884:
880:
873:
870:
867:
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
713:
709:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
667:
663:
658:
654:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
607:
605:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
551:
549:
547:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
439:
437:
433:
430:
429:Who Named It?
426:
425:
419:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
376:
373:
368:
366:9780199733859
362:
358:
357:
349:
346:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:and arterial
314:
310:
306:
305:contractility
302:
298:
297:baroreceptors
295:
294:carotid sinus
291:
287:
286:venous return
283:
279:
275:
272:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
204:
203:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:
79:
69:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2063:
2016:
2012:Adson's sign
1997:
1990:
1984:Allen's test
1976:
1962:
1943:
1898:
1894:Aschoff body
1880:
1865:Ewart's sign
1860:Beck's triad
1849:
1827:Osler's node
1813:endocarditis
1811:
1793:Mayne's sign
1739:See further
1735:Distributive
1671:Palpitations
1637:
1571:
1523:Heart murmur
1496:Heart sounds
1488:Auscultation
1340:Respiratory
1298:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1004:
977:
971:
936:
932:
922:
903:
897:
878:
872:
861:
826:
822:
812:
777:
773:
763:
728:
724:
678:
674:
622:
618:
562:
558:
504:
500:
451:(1): 48–58.
448:
444:
422:
418:
385:
381:
375:
355:
348:
273:
259:
253:
248:
243:
220:
213:or profound
206:
162:
137:
86:
82:Viscum album
81:
77:
74:
32:
28:
24:
20:
18:
1842:Pericardium
1818:Roth's spot
1804:endocardium
1730:Hypovolemic
1725:Obstructive
1720:Cardiogenic
1628:Bradycardia
1623:Tachycardia
1593:Heart click
1382:Optokinetic
1222:Gastrocolic
359:. OUP USA.
333:orthostatic
325:innervation
317:hypotension
313:bradycardia
215:hypovolemia
185:prostanoids
118:endocardium
115:ventricular
99:cell bodies
91:vagus nerve
49:bradycardia
45:hypotension
2092:Categories
1700:Hyperaemia
1562:Continuous
1458:Chest pain
1324:Baroreflex
1252:Tonic neck
340:References
329:dehydrated
307:, induces
301:baroreflex
211:hemorrhage
177:bradykinin
150:baroreflex
53:heart rate
1676:Apex beat
1545:Diastolic
1257:Parachute
1040:0091-2700
955:0735-1097
845:0950-9240
747:0100-879X
695:0736-0258
639:1875-6557
579:0003-3022
521:0077-8923
507:: 48–58.
473:1749-6632
424:synd/3165
197:serotonin
173:capsaicin
154:serotonin
2103:Reflexes
1999:thrombus
1936:Arterial
1528:Systolic
1501:Split S2
1372:H-reflex
1242:Stepping
1097:Reflexes
1056:24461107
996:70051351
853:11439322
804:21037842
657:21037842
587:12717149
537:70636612
529:11458703
481:70636612
402:17567718
238:atropine
200:agonists
169:nicotine
105:and the
37:hypopnea
1638:doubled
1603:carotid
1247:Sucking
1237:Rooting
1048:8089257
963:6826948
795:2842957
755:9251774
703:9244157
648:2842957
595:6790577
453:Bibcode
410:7042569
278:syncope
101:in the
2036:Venous
1906:J wave
1802:Other
1471:Angina
1217:Galant
1054:
1046:
1038:
994:
984:
961:
953:
910:
885:
851:
843:
802:
792:
753:
745:
701:
693:
655:
645:
637:
593:
585:
577:
535:
527:
519:
479:
471:
408:
400:
363:
111:atrial
1874:Other
1712:Shock
1664:Other
1615:Pulse
1598:Bruit
1355:Other
1227:Grasp
1052:S2CID
591:S2CID
533:S2CID
477:S2CID
406:S2CID
124:and
1232:Moro
1183:Leg
1163:Arm
1044:PMID
1036:ISSN
992:OCLC
982:ISBN
959:PMID
951:ISSN
908:ISBN
883:ISBN
849:PMID
841:ISSN
800:PMID
751:PMID
743:ISSN
699:PMID
691:ISSN
653:PMID
635:ISSN
583:PMID
575:ISSN
525:PMID
517:ISSN
469:ISSN
398:PMID
361:ISBN
195:and
156:and
140:the
113:and
89:the
27:the
19:The
1900:EKG
1028:doi
941:doi
831:doi
790:PMC
782:doi
733:doi
683:doi
643:PMC
627:doi
567:doi
509:doi
505:940
461:doi
449:940
427:at
390:doi
386:293
138:via
87:via
80:or
43:),
31:or
2094::
1511:S4
1506:S3
1050:.
1042:.
1034:.
1024:34
1022:.
990:.
957:.
949:.
935:.
931:.
847:.
839:.
827:15
825:.
821:.
798:.
788:.
776:.
772:.
749:.
741:.
729:30
727:.
723:.
711:^
697:.
689:.
679:14
677:.
665:^
651:.
641:.
633:.
621:.
617:.
603:^
589:.
581:.
573:.
563:98
561:.
545:^
531:.
523:.
515:.
503:.
489:^
475:.
467:.
459:.
447:.
435:^
404:.
396:.
384:.
191:,
187:,
183:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
160:.
1884::
1857::
1853:/
1825:/
1815::
1438:e
1431:t
1424:v
1139:/
1135:/
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1058:.
1030::
998:.
965:.
943::
937:1
916:.
891:.
855:.
833::
806:.
784::
778:5
757:.
735::
705:.
685::
659:.
629::
623:5
597:.
569::
539:.
511::
483:.
463::
455::
412:.
392::
369:.
270:.
240:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
