32:
832:(MAP) measured using an arterial catheter or by continuous, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring which measures intra-operative blood pressure beat-by-beat throughout surgery. A MAP <65 mmHg is considered hypotension. Intra-operative hypotension <65 mmHg can lead to an increased risk of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury or post-operative stroke. While an incidental finding of hypotension during a routine blood pressure measurement may not be particularly worrying, a substantial drop in blood pressure following standing, exercise or eating can be associated with symptoms and may have implications for future health. A drop in blood pressure after standing, termed postural or orthostatic hypotension, is defined as a decrease in supine-to-standing BP >20 mm Hg systolic or >10 mm Hg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing. Orthostatic hypotension is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular events and mortality.
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819:
is at or below 120/80 mmHg. If the systolic blood pressure is <90 mmHg or the diastolic blood pressure is <60 mmHg, it would be classified as hypotension. However, occasional blood pressure readings below 90/60 mmHg are not infrequent in the general population, and, in the absence of some
865:
Hypotensive shock treatment always follows the first four following steps. Outcomes, in terms of mortality, are directly linked to the speed that hypotension is corrected. Still-debated methods are in parentheses, as are benchmarks for evaluating progress in correcting hypotension. A study on septic
1086:
during the treatment of hypotension because their oxygen levels drop more rapidly than adults. The closing of fetal shunts following birth can create instability in the "transitional circulation" of the fetus, and often creates a state of hypotension following birth; while many infants can overcome
1077:
The clinical history provided by the caretaker is the most important part in determining the cause of hypotension in pediatric patients. Symptoms for children with hypotension include increased sleepiness, not using the restroom as much (or at all), having difficulty breathing or breathing rapidly,
2462:
Ripollés
Melchor, J.; Espinosa, Ă; MartĂnez Hurtado, E.; Casans FrancĂ©s, R.; Navarro PĂ©rez, R.; Abad Gurumeta, A.; Calvo Vecino, J. M. (September 2015). "Colloids versus crystalloids in the prevention of hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section. A systematic review and
643:, is a common form of low blood pressure. It occurs after a change in body position, typically when a person stands up from either a seated or lying position. It is usually transient and represents a delay in the normal compensatory ability of the autonomic nervous system. It is commonly seen in
317:
For many people, low blood pressure goes unnoticed. For some people, low blood pressure may be a sign of an underlying health condition, especially when it drops suddenly or occurs with symptoms. Older adults also have a higher risk of symptoms of low blood pressure, such as falls, fainting, or
848:
Treatment depends on what causes low blood pressure. Treatment may not be needed for asymptomatic low blood pressure. Depending on symptoms, treatment may include drinking more fluids to prevent dehydration, taking medicines to raise blood pressure, or adjusting medicines that cause low blood
857:
can also be effective. Chronic hypotension rarely exists as more than a symptom. In mild cases, where the patient is still responsive, laying the person on their back and lifting the legs increases venous return, thus making more blood available to critical organs in the chest and head. The
765:, which lowers it. The vast and rapid compensation abilities of the autonomic nervous system allow normal individuals to maintain an acceptable blood pressure over a wide range of activities and in many disease states. Even small alterations in these networks can lead to hypotension.
31:
651:, can have this side effect. Simple blood pressure and heart rate measurements while lying, seated, and standing (with a two-minute delay in between each position change) can confirm the presence of orthostatic hypotension. Taking these measurements is known as
2369:
Singer, Mervyn; Deutschman, Clifford S.; Seymour, Christopher Warren; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Annane, Djillali; Bauer, Michael; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Bernard, Gordon R.; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Coopersmith, Craig M.; Hotchkiss, Richard S. (2016-02-23).
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to maintain enough blood pressure to perfuse vital organs, such as the brain. Postprandial hypotension is believed to be caused by the autonomic nervous system not compensating appropriately, because of aging or a specific disorder.
678:. Patients will feel sudden, unprovoked lightheadedness, sweating, changes in vision, and finally a loss of consciousness. Consciousness will often return rapidly once patient is lying down and the blood pressure returns to normal.
2185:
Hylands, M; Moller, MH; Asfar, P; Toma, A; Frenette, AJ; Beaudoin, N; Belley-CĂŽtĂ©, Ă; D'Aragon, F; Laake, JH; Siemieniuk, RA; Charbonney, E; Lauzier, F; Kwong, J; Rochwerg, B; Vandvik, PO; Guyatt, G; Lamontagne, F (July 2017).
1716:
Bornstein, Stefan R.; Allolio, Bruno; Arlt, Wiebke; Barthel, Andreas; Don-Wauchope, Andrew; Hammer, Gary D.; Husebye, Eystein S.; Merke, Deborah P.; Murad, M. Hassan; Stratakis, Constantine A.; Torpy, David J. (February 2016).
1305:
Flynn, Joseph T.; Kaelber, David C.; Baker-Smith, Carissa M.; Blowey, Douglas; Carroll, Aaron E.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Ferranti, Sarah D. de; Dionne, Janis M.; Falkner, Bonita; Flinn, Susan K.; Gidding, Samuel S. (2017-09-01).
3012:
Divisón-Garrote, Juan A.; Banegas, José R.; De la Cruz, Juan J.; Escobar-Cervantes, Carlos; De la Sierra, Alejandro; Gorostidi, Manuel; Vinyoles, Ernest; Abellån-Aleman, José; Segura, Juliån; Ruilope, Luis M. (2016-09-01).
1532:
Oparil, Suzanne; Acelajado, Maria
Czarina; Bakris, George L.; Berlowitz, Dan R.; CĂfkovĂĄ, Renata; Dominiczak, Anna F.; Grassi, Guido; Jordan, Jens; Poulter, Neil R.; Rodgers, Anthony; Whelton, Paul K. (22 March 2018).
1087:
this hypotension through the closing of shunts, a mean blood pressure (MBP) of lower than 30 mmHg is correlated with severe cerebral injury and can be experienced by premature infants who have poor shunt closure.
293:
For some people who exercise and are in top physical condition, low blood pressure could be normal. A single session of exercise can induce hypotension and water-based exercise can induce a hypotensive response.
184:
of less than 60 mmHg is generally considered to be hypotension. Different numbers apply to children. However, in practice, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.
655:. Orthostatic hypotension is indicated if there is a drop of 20 mmHg in systolic pressure (and a 10 mmHg drop in diastolic pressure in some facilities) and a 20 beats per minute increase in heart rate.
820:
pathological cause, hypotension appears to be a relatively benign condition in most people. The diagnosis of hypotension is usually made by measuring blood pressure, either non-invasively with a
2549:
Mitchell ES, Slettenaar M, vd Meer N, Transler C, Jans L, Quadt F, Berry M (2011). "Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressure".
1082:
The treatment for hypotension in pediatric patients is similar to the treatment in adults by following the four first steps listed above (see
Treatment). Children are more likely to undergo
988:
is the first-line therapy (in the absence of heart failure) for patients with chronic hypotension or resistant orthostatic hypotension. It works by increasing the intravascular volume.
3469:
Bentzer, P; Griesdale, DE; Boyd, J; MacLean, K; Sirounis, D; Ayas, NT (27 September 2016). "Will This
Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?".
2253:
2920:
PaveliÄ, Antun; Krbot SkoriÄ, Magdalena; CrnoĆĄija, Luka; Habek, Mario (August 2017). "Postprandial hypotension in neurological disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis".
866:
shock provided the delineation of these general principles. However, since it focuses on hypotension due to infection, it is not applicable to all forms of severe hypotension.
212:
state rather than a disease. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called
3200:
Walsh, M., Devereaux, P. et al. Relationship between
Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure and Clinical Outcomes a er Noncardiac Surgery. Anaesthesiology. 2013;119:507-515.
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1188:
2032:
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Bijker J., Persoon S., Peelen L., et al. Intraoperative
Hypotension and Perioperative Ischemic Stroke a er General Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(3):658-664.
2129:
Hunter, Benton R.; Martindale, Jennifer; Abdel-Hafez, Osama; Pang, Peter S. (September 2017). "Approach to Acute Heart
Failure in the Emergency Department".
690:
hypotension, a drastic decline in blood pressure that occurs 30 to 75 minutes after eating substantial meals. When a great deal of blood is diverted to the
3301:
Chisholm, Peter; Anpalahan, Mahesan (April 2017). "Orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and the paradox of supine hypertension".
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characterized by an inappropriate drop in blood pressure while in the upright position. Vasovagal syncope occurs as a result of increased activity of the
4483:
1213:
2612:
512:
can lead to hypotension. Beta blockers can cause hypotension both by slowing the heart rate and by decreasing the pumping ability of the heart muscle.
501:. Low blood pressure may also be attributed to heat stroke which can be indicated by absence of perspiration, light headedness and dark colored urine.
3015:"Hypotension based on office and ambulatory monitoring blood pressure. Prevalence and clinical profile among a cohort of 70,997 treated hypertensives"
1251:
309:(MAP) of greater than 70 mmHg does not appear to result in better outcomes than trying to achieve an MAP of greater than 65 mmHg in adults.
497:; insufficient fluid intake, as in starvation; or excessive fluid losses from diarrhea or vomiting. Hypovolemia can be induced by excessive use of
2252:
Perner, Anders; Cecconi, Maurizio; Cronhjort, Maria; Darmon, Michael; Jakob, Stephan M.; PettilÀ, Ville; van der Horst, Iwan C. C. (June 2018).
1106:, meaning "'strain" or "tightness". This refers to the under-constriction of the blood vessels and arteries which leads to low blood pressure.
897:(MAP) of greater than 70 mmHg does not appear to result in better outcomes than trying to achieve a MAP of greater than 65 mmHg in adults.
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Image showing patient having blood pressure checked. Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg is considered hypotension (low blood pressure)
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Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ (December 2003).
2778:"The Safety, Tolerability and Risks Associated with the Use of Newer Generation Antidepressant Drugs: A Critical Review of the Literature"
325:
Low blood pressure is sometimes associated with certain symptoms, many of which are related to causes rather than effects of hypotension:
730:
647:
and as a result of various medications. In addition to blood pressure-lowering medications, many psychiatric medications, in particular
566:, an intrinsic abnormality in autonomic system functioning, can also lead to hypotension. Excessive vasodilation can also result from
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2334:
2054:
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problems. Some medications can also lead to hypotension. There are also syndromes that can cause hypotension in patients including
160:
is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood and is indicated by two numbers, the
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Freeman, Roy; Abuzinadah, Ahmad R.; Gibbons, Christopher; Jones, Pearl; Miglis, Mitchell G.; Sinn, Dong In (11 September 2018).
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3113:"Arterial hypotension: prevalence of low blood pressure in the general population using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring"
1905:
Jardine, David L.; Wieling, Wouter; Brignole, Michele; Lenders, Jacques W. M.; Sutton, Richard; Stewart, Julian (June 2018).
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762:
675:
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559:
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Joseph, Adrien; Wanono, Ruben; Flamant, Martin; Vidal-Petiot, Emmanuelle (April 2017). "Orthostatic hypotension: A review".
3067:"Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure"
1027:
The definition of hypotension changes in the pediatric population depending on the child's age as seen in the table below.
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For many people, excessively low blood pressure can cause dizziness and fainting or indicate serious heart, endocrine or
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4205:
3724:"Constriction of Ear Arteries from Normotensive and Renal Hypertensive Rabbits against Different Transmural Pressures"
2040:
1486:
Bett, Glenna C. L. (1 May 2016). "Hormones and sex differences: changes in cardiac electrophysiology with pregnancy".
3371:
Rivers, E; Nguyen, B; Havstad, S; Ressler, J; Muzzin, A; Knoblich, B; Peterson, E; Tomlanovich, M (8 November 2001).
2080:"Hypotensive response after water-walking and land-walking exercise sessions in healthy trained and untrained women"
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758:
555:
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is given to patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and it works through increasing vascular volume and
782:
4371:
4366:
4604:
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4190:
4168:
3818:
957:
Chronic hypotension sometimes requires the use of medications. Some medications that are commonly used include
742:
591:
579:
520:
153:
87:, nausea, blurred vision, shakiness, breathlessness, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, chest pain, fever,
1367:
836:
are frequently measured to assist with the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension, and may involve the use of a
1308:"Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents"
1205:
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4641:
4123:
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4082:
4052:
2609:
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Rodriguez, D; Silva, V; Prestes, J; Rica, RL; Serra, AJ; Bocalini, DS; Pontes FL, Jr; Silva, Valter (2011).
1719:"Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline"
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2973:"The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete TriadâRelative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)"
894:
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829:
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287:
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928:
524:
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Low, Phillip A. (October 2015). "Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology and diagnosis".
2188:"A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension"
297:
Treatment depends on what causes low blood pressure. Treatment of hypotension may include the use of
126:
4626:
4393:
3806:
353:
348:
213:
828:(mostly in an intensive care setting). Another way to diagnose low blood pressure is by using the
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3178:
3148:
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Carvalho, André F.; Sharma, Manu S.; Brunoni, André R.; Vieta, Eduard; Fava, Giovanni A. (2016).
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319:
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blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the maximum and minimum blood pressures within the
72:
63:
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Gamper, G; Havel, C; Arrich, J; Losert, H; Pace, NL; MĂŒllner, M; Herkner, H (15 February 2016).
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1670:
Tewelde, Semhar Z.; Liu, Stanley S.; Winters, Michael E. (February 2018). "Cardiogenic Shock".
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3354:"BestBets: Use of the Trendelenburg Position to Improve Hemodynamics During Hypovolemic Shock"
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2014:
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dizziness when standing or after a meal. If the blood pressure is sufficiently low, fainting (
229:
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196:, confusion, feeling tired, weakness, headache, blurred vision, nausea, neck or back pain, an
137:
121:
47:
4336:
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Kalkwarf, Kyle J.; Cotton, Bryan A. (December 2017). "Resuscitation for
Hypovolemic Shock".
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Depiction of a hypotension (low blood pressure) patient getting her blood pressure checked
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2372:"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)"
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Mendelson, Jenny (May 2018). "Emergency
Department Management of Pediatric Shock".
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722:, which is characterized by cold hands and feet and predisposes to normal tension
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Other medications can produce hypotension by different mechanisms. Chronic use of
3823:
2989:
2736:
1868:
4047:
3853:
3373:"Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock"
1922:
882:
733:, sometimes known as the female athlete triad, although it can also affect men.
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532:
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3506:"Orthostatic Hypotension: A Practical Approach to Investigation and Management"
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is a therapy used for severe orthostatic hypotension, and works by increasing
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The best way to determine if a person will benefit from fluids is by doing a
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Ensure adequate tissue perfusion (maintain SvO2 >70 with use of blood or
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activity occurring as a consequence of injury to the brain or spinal cord.
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to a diet can relieve symptoms of mild hypotension, and a morning dose of
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Sharma, Sandeep; Hashmi, Muhammad F.; Bhattacharya, Priyanka T. (2019),
2319:
Thermoregulation: From Basic
Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, Part II
2278:
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3723:
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Grand Rapids Medical Education & Research/Michigan State University
1499:
1008:
are used for primary autonomic dysfunction by increasing vascular tone.
754:
605:, which can also interact with several medications. An example is the
417:
173:
161:
84:
3779:
3739:
3636:"The Pathophysiology of Low Systemic Blood Flow in the Preterm Infant"
3314:
2794:
2777:
2151:
1159:. Preceded by: Costanzo, Linda S. (Sixth ed.). Philadelphia, PA.
3928:
3791:
3221:"2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension"
1005:
978:
567:
471:
442:
387:
252:
2321:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 157. pp. 531â545.
4272:
3701:
912:
750:
383:
364:
268:
1136:. Citing: The American Heritage Science Dictionary Copyright 2005
4304:
2058:
2036:
1206:"High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|Data & Statistics|DHDSP|CDC"
493:, is the most common cause of hypotension. This can result from
3892:
2631:"Effects of theobromine should be considered in future studies"
216:. Shock is classified based on the underlying cause, including
200:
or feeling that the heart is skipping beats or fluttering, and
2619:. Chemistry.about.com (May 12, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-05-30.
2254:"Expert statement for the management of hypovolemia in sepsis"
2317:
Al Mahri, Saeed; Bouchama, Abderrezak (2018). "Heatstroke".
1781:
Laurent, Stéphane (October 2017). "Antihypertensive drugs".
615:, which lowers blood pressure through its actions as both a
550:, or insufficient constriction of the blood vessels (mostly
30:
2583:
Theobromine ... lowered blood pressure relative to placebo
1593:
Vieth, Julie T.; Lane, David R. (December 2017). "Anemia".
208:, which is high blood pressure. It is best understood as a
535:), often produces hypotension and can rapidly progress to
885:(all seem equivalent with respect to risk of death, with
356:, feeling that the heart is skipping beats, or fluttering
2500:"Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension"
2672:"Orthostatic Hypotension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review"
1981:
Konieczka Katarzyna; Rich Robert; et al. (2014).
862:, though used historically, is no longer recommended.
4674:
3019:
Journal of the American Society of Hypertension: JASH
2874:
QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
907:
Address the underlying problem (i.e., antibiotic for
586:). Many anesthetic agents and techniques, including
554:), causes hypotension. This can be due to decreased
3769:
1723:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1374:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
1287:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
156:
characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure.
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University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital
2229:"Low Blood Pressure: Can it affect your pregnancy?"
1640:"How a Vitamin B Deficiency Affects Blood Pressure"
133:
120:
107:
94:
62:
46:
24:
1850:
1848:
623:, and has been used to treat high blood pressure.
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
601:Lower blood pressure is a side effect of certain
3504:Arnold, Amy C.; Raj, Satish R. (December 2017).
3111:Owens, Pe; Lyons, Sp; OâBrien, Et (2000-04-01).
2610:Theobromine Chemistry â Theobromine in Chocolate
2599:. Philosophical Library. pp. 311, 530, 573.
2597:Dictionary of Bio-Chemistry and Related Subjects
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
741:Blood pressure is continuously regulated by the
2719:Mar, Philip L.; Raj, Satish R. (January 2018).
1907:"The pathophysiology of the vasovagal response"
1401:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1281:"Low blood pressure (hypotension) â Definition"
761:, which tends to raise blood pressure, and the
543:often result in hypotension by this mechanism.
305:. When using vasopressors, trying to achieve a
2868:Kenny, R. A.; McNicholas, T. (December 2016).
2721:"Orthostatic hypotension for the cardiologist"
3904:
3196:
3194:
2676:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
8:
3183:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1595:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
3593:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
1368:"Low blood pressure (hypotension) â Causes"
919:(coronary artery bypass graft surgery) for
519:despite normal blood volume, due to severe
4582:
4484:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
4309:
3981:
3942:
3911:
3897:
3889:
3770:
1318:(3) e20171904 (published September 2017).
1214:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1187:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
21:
3669:
3651:
3537:
3445:
3388:
3236:
3084:
2988:
2885:
2793:
2752:
2687:
2646:
2525:
2515:
2403:
2277:
2203:
2180:
2178:
2150:
2105:
2095:
2084:International Journal of General Medicine
2008:
1998:
1938:
1750:
1566:
1323:
1252:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
1200:
1198:
1393:Haseer Koya, Hayas; Paul, Manju (2021),
1029:
772:
486:, heart problems or endocrine problems.
454:Low blood pressure can be caused by low
164:blood pressure (the top number) and the
4681:
3426:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1634:
1632:
1126:
531:problems, or extremely low heart rate (
235:Hypotension can be caused by strenuous
3352:Kettaneh, Nicolas (October 30, 2008).
3176:
3164:
3162:
2863:
2861:
2635:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2498:Tabassum, Nahida; Feroz Ahmad (2011).
2425:
2423:
2364:
2362:
1976:
1974:
1960:
1958:
1711:
1709:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1588:
1586:
1527:
1525:
1481:
1479:
1180:
1102:, meaning "under" or "less" + English
4256:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
3586:
3584:
3582:
3296:
3294:
3219:Williams, Bryan; et al. (2018).
3106:
3104:
3060:
3058:
3056:
2971:Mountjoy, Margo; et al. (2014).
2915:
2913:
2870:"The management of vasovagal syncope"
2825:
2823:
2821:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1442:The Surgical Clinics of North America
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1155:Costanzo, Linda S. (March 15, 2017).
7:
4261:Generalized essential telangiectasia
3422:"Vasopressors for hypotensive shock"
3169:Mookherjee, S. Lai, C., Rennke, St.
2832:The American Journal of Managed Care
2641:(2): 486â487, author reply 487â488.
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
584:Angiotensin II acts on AT1 receptors
439:temporary blurring or loss of vision
3722:Speden, R.N.; Ryan, Ann T. (1982).
3377:The New England Journal of Medicine
2430:Dave, Sagar; Cho, Julia J. (2019),
2131:Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
870:Volume resuscitation (usually with
731:relative energy deficiency in sport
3510:The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
3086:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2
2977:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2327:10.1016/B978-0-444-64074-1.00032-X
2055:"Low blood pressure (hypotension)"
2033:"Low blood pressure (hypotension)"
1366:Mayo Clinic staff (May 23, 2009).
1134:TheFreeDictionary > hypotension
14:
1063:<70 + (age in years x 2) mmHg
204:. Hypotension is the opposite of
4684:
4411:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
2782:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
2595:William Marias Malisoff (1943).
1279:Mayo Clinic staff (2024-06-13).
745:, using an elaborate network of
729:Hypotension can be a symptom of
2227:Health, Narayana (2020-04-28).
2192:Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
1968:Last accessed October 26, 2011.
1857:Nephrologie & Therapeutique
1539:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
840:to evaluate vasovagal syncope.
582:, or AT1 receptor antagonists (
458:, hormonal changes, pregnancy,
176:blood pressure of less than 90
4362:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
3438:10.1002/14651858.CD003709.pub4
996:peripheral vascular resistance
881:Blood pressure support with a
774:Hypotension thresholds (mmHg)
763:parasympathetic nervous system
757:to balance the effects of the
698:blood pooling") to facilitate
676:parasympathetic nervous system
283:, and other rarer conditions.
1:
4174:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
4028:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
3694:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
3171:The UCSF Hospitalist Handbook
3117:Journal of Human Hypertension
2725:Current Opinion in Cardiology
2563:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.027
1248:"What Is Low Blood Pressure?"
815:For most adults, the optimal
16:Abnormally low blood pressure
4479:Chronic venous insufficiency
4104:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
3728:Journal of Vascular Research
2990:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502
2737:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000467
1869:10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.003
718:Hypotension is a feature of
686:Another, but rarer form, is
4494:Inferior vena cava syndrome
4489:Superior vena cava syndrome
4216:Vertebral artery dissection
4206:Intracranial berry aneurysm
3814:or more commonly used 796.3
2922:Clinical Autonomic Research
1966:"Postprandial Hypotension."
1964:Merck Manual Home Edition.
1923:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.12.013
4730:
4595:Hypertensive heart disease
4246:Arteriovenous malformation
4221:Familial aortic dissection
3562:"Hypotension (PICU chart)"
3522:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.05.007
3031:10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.035
2689:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.079
2143:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.08.008
1795:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.026
950:
939:followed by measuring the
759:sympathetic nervous system
574:, or medications, such as
556:sympathetic nervous system
4620:Renovascular hypertension
4563:Hepatic artery thrombosis
4211:Carotid artery dissection
4164:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
4014:Intermittent claudication
3977:Peripheral artery disease
3605:10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.010
3303:Internal Medicine Journal
3274:, StatPearls Publishing,
2934:10.1007/s10286-017-0440-8
2438:, StatPearls Publishing,
2270:10.1007/s00134-018-5177-x
2205:10.1007/s12630-017-0877-1
1684:10.1016/j.ccl.2017.08.009
1607:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.008
1454:10.1016/j.suc.2017.07.011
781:
778:
706:, the body must increase
460:widening of blood vessels
249:widening of blood vessels
41:
29:
4605:Hypertensive nephropathy
4418:Post-thrombotic syndrome
4399:PagetâSchroetter disease
4191:Coronary artery aneurysm
4169:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
3634:Kluckow, Martin (2018).
3238:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
1783:Pharmacological Research
743:autonomic nervous system
580:calcium channel blockers
521:congestive heart failure
423:acute, life-threatening
154:cardiovascular condition
4660:Orthostatic hypotension
4642:White coat hypertension
4119:Fibromuscular dysplasia
4083:Carotid artery stenosis
3884:Curlie.org: Hypotension
3653:10.3389/fped.2018.00029
3640:Frontiers in Pediatrics
3483:10.1001/jama.2016.12310
2629:Kelly, Caleb J (2005).
2517:10.4103/0973-7847.79097
2465:Minerva Anestesiologica
2258:Intensive Care Medicine
893:). Trying to achieve a
637:Orthostatic hypotension
632:Orthostatic hypotension
558:output or to increased
277:orthostatic hypotension
4632:Pulmonary hypertension
4615:Secondary hypertension
4610:Essential hypertension
4600:Hypertensive emergency
4441:Portacaval anastomosis
4377:Portal vein thrombosis
4019:Critical limb ischemia
3920:Cardiovascular disease
3225:European Heart Journal
3129:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000973
2838:(13 Suppl): s248â257.
2388:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
2000:10.1186/1878-5085-5-11
1325:10.1542/peds.2017-1904
1068:Children >10 years
1031:Pediatric Hypotension
895:mean arterial pressure
860:Trendelenburg position
830:mean arterial pressure
824:or invasively with an
674:, the mainstay of the
594:, produce significant
489:Reduced blood volume,
307:mean arterial pressure
288:neurological disorders
239:, excessive heat, low
178:millimeters of mercury
53:Critical care medicine
36:
4637:Systolic hypertension
4382:Renal vein thrombosis
4241:Arteriovenous fistula
4233:Vascular malformation
4201:Intracranial aneurysm
4088:Renal artery stenosis
2648:10.1093/ajcn.82.2.486
2504:Pharmacognosy Reviews
1098:, from Ancient Greek
953:Antihypotensive agent
941:output from the heart
929:adrenal insufficiency
889:possibly better than
525:myocardial infarction
435:loss of consciousness
247:), hormonal changes,
188:Symptoms may include
34:
4551:Paradoxical embolism
4546:Cholesterol embolism
4372:MayâThurner syndrome
4367:BuddâChiari syndrome
4350:Deep vein thrombosis
4345:primarily lower limb
4124:Raynaud's phenomenon
3390:10.1056/nejmoa010307
2887:10.1093/qjmed/hcw089
2233:Narayana Health Care
1863:(Suppl 1): S55âS67.
1735:10.1210/jc.2015-1710
1551:10.1038/nrdp.2018.14
1060:Children 1â10 years
641:postural hypotension
576:nitrate preparations
127:Physical examination
4627:Benign hypertension
2097:10.2147/IJGM.S23094
1032:
775:
592:inhalational agents
420:(painful urination)
354:irregular heartbeat
349:shortness of breath
198:irregular heartbeat
129:, based on symptoms
4541:Pulmonary embolism
4451:Esophageal varices
4389:upper limb / torso
4033:Arteriolosclerosis
3845:External resources
2615:2011-10-21 at the
2432:"Neurogenic Shock"
1983:"Flammer syndrome"
1672:Cardiology Clinics
1500:10.1042/CS20150710
1039:Systolic Pressure
1030:
1004:and its precursor
834:Orthostatic vitals
773:
653:orthostatic vitals
443:black tarry stools
313:Signs and symptoms
299:intravenous fluids
226:distributive shock
172:, respectively. A
150:low blood pressure
37:
4712:Vascular diseases
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4512:Arteries or veins
4507:
4506:
4332:Venous thrombosis
4299:
4298:
4281:Cherry hemangioma
4181:Aortic dissection
4132:
4131:
3967:Buerger's disease
3879:
3878:
3740:10.1159/000158391
3704:on March 22, 2016
3516:(12): 1725â1728.
3477:(12): 1298â1309.
3383:(19): 1368â1377.
3315:10.1111/imj.13171
3231:(33): 3021â3104.
2795:10.1159/000447034
2682:(11): 1294â1309.
1166:978-0-323-51189-6
1075:
1074:
937:passive leg raise
849:pressure. Adding
826:arterial catheter
813:
812:
664:Vasovagal syncope
659:Vasovagal syncope
588:spinal anesthesia
537:cardiogenic shock
425:allergic reaction
379:back or neck pain
281:vasovagal syncope
230:obstructive shock
222:cardiogenic shock
218:hypovolemic shock
143:
142:
138:Intravenous fluid
122:Diagnostic method
19:Medical condition
4719:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4583:
4394:Mondor's disease
4337:Thrombophlebitis
4310:
3986:Arteriosclerosis
3982:
3943:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3890:
3771:
3760:
3759:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3700:. Archived from
3690:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3655:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3588:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3392:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3240:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3088:
3079:(6): 1206â1252.
3062:
3051:
3050:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2889:
2865:
2856:
2855:
2827:
2816:
2815:
2797:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2691:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2626:
2620:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2471:(9): 1019â1030.
2463:meta-analysis".
2459:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2407:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2281:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2154:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2039:. Archived from
2029:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1852:
1823:
1822:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1601:(6): 1045â1060.
1590:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1488:Clinical Science
1483:
1474:
1473:
1448:(6): 1307â1321.
1437:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1244:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1033:
967:Sympathomimetics
822:sphygmomanometer
776:
720:Flammer syndrome
712:vasoconstriction
603:herbal medicines
405:loss of appetite
148:, also known as
22:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4685:
4683:
4675:
4673:
4664:
4646:
4572:
4529:Microangiopathy
4524:Macroangiopathy
4503:
4467:
4436:Gastric varices
4422:
4335:
4326:
4295:
4267:
4227:
4159:Aortic aneurysm
4145:
4128:
4114:Erythromelalgia
4092:
4069:
3994:Atherosclerosis
3971:
3935:
3923:
3917:
3880:
3875:
3874:
3840:
3839:
3782:
3768:
3763:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3707:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3432:(2): CD003709.
3419:
3418:
3414:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3282:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3192:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2880:(12): 767â773.
2867:
2866:
2859:
2829:
2828:
2819:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2617:Wayback Machine
2608:
2604:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2337:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2031:
2030:
2026:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1854:
1853:
1826:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1669:
1668:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1494:(10): 747â759.
1485:
1484:
1477:
1439:
1438:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1349:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1179:
1167:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1112:
1093:
1025:
986:Fludrocortisone
977:and precursor (
959:Fludrocortisone
955:
949:
846:
838:tilt table test
771:
739:
737:Pathophysiology
710:and peripheral
684:
661:
649:antidepressants
634:
629:
612:Theobroma cacao
560:parasympathetic
479:
452:
447:
338:lightheadedness
315:
260:
194:lightheadedness
113:Older patient,
81:lightheadedness
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4580:
4578:Blood pressure
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4428:Varicose veins
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4341:
4339:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:Spider angioma
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4273:Vascular nevus
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4251:Telangiectasia
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4186:Aortic rupture
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4151:
4149:
4147:pseudoaneurysm
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:Oxycholesterol
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3951:
3949:
3940:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3861:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3826:
3815:
3799:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:Classification
3767:
3766:External links
3764:
3762:
3761:
3734:(5): 247â262.
3714:
3698:etymonline.com
3685:
3626:
3599:(2): 427â440.
3578:
3553:
3496:
3461:
3412:
3363:
3344:
3309:(4): 370â379.
3290:
3258:
3211:
3202:
3190:
3158:
3123:(4): 243â247.
3100:
3052:
3025:(9): 714â723.
3004:
2983:(7): 491â497.
2963:
2928:(4): 263â271.
2909:
2857:
2817:
2788:(5): 270â288.
2768:
2711:
2662:
2621:
2602:
2587:
2557:(5): 816â822.
2551:Physiol. Behav
2541:
2490:
2454:
2419:
2382:(8): 801â810.
2358:
2335:
2309:
2264:(6): 791â798.
2244:
2219:
2198:(7): 703â715.
2174:
2137:(2): 178â186.
2121:
2070:
2046:
2043:on 2014-02-23.
2024:
1970:
1954:
1917:(6): 921â929.
1890:
1824:
1766:
1729:(2): 364â389.
1705:
1655:
1644:LIVESTRONG.COM
1628:
1582:
1535:"Hypertension"
1521:
1475:
1417:
1385:
1372:MayoClinic.com
1347:
1297:
1285:MayoClinic.com
1264:
1226:
1194:
1165:
1138:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1092:
1089:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:Term Neonates
1041:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1012:Erythropoietin
1009:
999:
989:
963:Erythropoietin
951:Main article:
948:
945:
933:
932:
905:
898:
887:norepinephrine
879:
876:blood products
845:
842:
817:blood pressure
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
780:
770:
767:
738:
735:
708:cardiac output
683:
680:
660:
657:
639:, also called
633:
630:
628:
625:
517:cardiac output
506:alpha blockers
477:
451:
448:
446:
445:
440:
437:
432:
427:
421:
415:
409:
406:
403:
400:
390:
381:
375:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
346:
340:
331:
327:
314:
311:
258:
158:Blood pressure
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
124:
118:
117:
115:Malnourishment
111:
105:
104:
98:
92:
91:
66:
60:
59:
50:
44:
43:
39:
38:
27:
26:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4725:
4724:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4692:
4682:
4678:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:Caput medusae
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Degos disease
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3715:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3268:"Hypotension"
3262:
3259:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3172:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2455:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2336:9780444640741
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:Noradrenaline
1000:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:
982:
980:
976:
975:Noradrenaline
972:
968:
964:
960:
954:
946:
944:
942:
938:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
868:
867:
863:
861:
856:
852:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
808:
805:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
788:
787:
784:
777:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
736:
734:
732:
727:
725:
721:
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
666:is a form of
665:
658:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
510:beta blockers
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
444:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
422:
419:
416:
414:(indigestion)
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
382:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
344:
343:feeling tired
341:
339:
335:
332:
329:
328:
326:
323:
322:) may occur.
321:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
271:problems, or
270:
266:
262:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:physiological
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:cardiac cycle
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
139:
136:
132:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
112:
110:
106:
103:
99:
97:
96:Complications
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:, headaches,
78:
74:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
49:
45:
40:
33:
28:
23:
4651:
4587:Hypertension
4499:Venous ulcer
4405:
4388:
4356:
4344:
4314:Inflammation
4195:
4154:
4043:Hyperplastic
4004:Fatty streak
3947:Inflammation
3863:
3852:
3828:
3817:
3801:
3786:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3706:. Retrieved
3702:the original
3697:
3688:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3596:
3592:
3570:. Retrieved
3568:. 2013-06-05
3565:
3556:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3357:
3347:
3306:
3302:
3283:, retrieved
3271:
3261:
3250:. Retrieved
3228:
3224:
3214:
3205:
3170:
3120:
3116:
3076:
3072:Hypertension
3070:
3022:
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2062:. Retrieved
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2041:the original
2027:
1990:
1987:EPMA Journal
1986:
1914:
1911:Heart Rhythm
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1647:. Retrieved
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1256:. Retrieved
1254:. 2022-03-24
1218:. Retrieved
1216:. 2019-01-09
1209:
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1129:
1116:Hypertension
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1099:
1095:
1094:
1076:
1071:<90 mmHg
1055:<70 mmHg
1047:<60 mmHg
1026:
956:
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864:
851:electrolytes
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728:
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694:(a kind of "
688:postprandial
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640:
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596:vasodilation
564:Dysautonomia
548:vasodilation
545:
514:
503:
488:
464:side effects
456:blood volume
453:
324:
316:
303:vasopressors
296:
292:
285:
241:blood volume
234:
206:hypertension
187:
149:
145:
144:
109:Risk factors
4707:Hypotension
4652:Hypotension
4196:head / neck
4048:Cholesterol
3938:capillaries
3870:Hypotension
3854:MedlinePlus
2090:: 549â554.
1789:: 116â125.
1378:October 19,
1210:www.cdc.gov
1096:Hypotension
883:vasopressor
872:crystalloid
809:<100/60
803:<105/65
800:<110/70
672:vagus nerve
645:hypovolemia
617:vasodilator
607:theobromine
541:Arrhythmias
533:bradycardia
529:heart valve
491:hypovolemia
484:anaphylaxis
468:dehydration
462:, medicine
265:anaphylaxis
245:hypovolemia
146:Hypotension
25:Hypotension
4701:Categories
4568:Vasculitis
4558:Thrombosis
4519:Angiopathy
4463:Varicocele
4456:Hemorrhoid
4286:Halo nevus
4142:dissection
3933:arterioles
3865:Patient UK
3830:DiseasesDB
3708:2017-12-10
3572:2020-01-23
3285:2020-01-23
3272:StatPearls
3252:2022-08-18
2449:2020-01-21
2436:StatPearls
2238:2023-07-31
2152:1805/14380
2064:2024-06-15
1649:2021-09-06
1412:2021-11-29
1399:StatPearls
1312:Pediatrics
1291:2024-06-15
1258:2024-06-15
1220:2020-01-15
1157:Physiology
1122:References
1084:intubation
1023:Pediatrics
947:Medication
921:infarction
902:dobutamine
806:<90/50
792:Nighttime
783:Ambulatory
704:absorption
696:splanchnic
692:intestines
552:arterioles
546:Excessive
515:Decreased
495:hemorrhage
480:deficiency
392:prolonged
374:stiff neck
360:chest pain
261:deficiency
180:(mmHg) or
100:Fainting,
73:clumsiness
57:cardiology
4322:Phlebitis
4063:Trans fat
3999:Foam cell
3955:Arteritis
3922:(vessels)
3748:1423-0135
3662:2296-2360
3613:1558-0539
3530:1916-7075
3339:205208140
3323:1445-5994
3179:cite book
3137:0950-9240
3039:1878-7436
2942:1619-1560
2896:1460-2393
2844:1936-2692
2804:1423-0348
2745:1531-7080
2698:1558-3597
2477:1827-1596
2396:0098-7484
2345:0072-9752
2288:1432-1238
2161:1873-1740
1993:(1): 11.
1931:1556-3871
1877:1872-9177
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1462:1558-3171
1334:0031-4005
1183:cite book
1175:965761862
1091:Etymology
1016:viscosity
992:Midodrine
971:Midodrine
931:, etc...)
909:infection
844:Treatment
795:24 hours
769:Diagnosis
747:receptors
700:digestion
627:Syndromes
590:and most
499:diuretics
476:vitamin B
466:, severe
412:dyspepsia
334:dizziness
330:confusion
273:endocrine
257:vitamin B
190:dizziness
182:diastolic
166:diastolic
134:Treatment
77:giddiness
69:Dizziness
48:Specialty
4691:Medicine
4536:Embolism
4138:Aneurysm
4075:Stenosis
4009:Atheroma
3960:Aortitis
3929:Arteries
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3621:29622332
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2999:24620037
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2812:27508501
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2706:30190008
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1080:syncope.
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891:dopamine
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