Bharat stage emission standards

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Research Association of India (ARAI), International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT - www.icat.in), Vehicle Research Development & Establishment (VRDE), Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT), industry representatives from Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA) and Tractor Manufacturers Association (TMA) and representatives from State Transport Departments. Major functions the committee are:

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introduce Bio-diesel, ethanol petrol blends in a phased manner and has drawn up a road map for the same. The Indian auto industry is working with the authorities to facilitate for introduction of the alternative fuels. India has also set up a task force for preparing the Hydrogen road map. The use of LPG has also been introduced as an auto fuel and the oil industry has drawn up plans for setting up of auto LPG dispensing stations in major cities.

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This Committee advises MoSRT&H on various technical aspects related to CMVR. This committee has representatives from various organisations namely; Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (MoHI&PE)), MoSRT&H, Bureau Indian Standards (BIS), Testing Agencies such as Automotive

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In India, the rules and regulations related to driving licenses, registration of motor vehicles, control of traffic, construction and maintenance of motor vehicles, etc. are governed by the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 (MVA) and the Central Motor Vehicles rules 1989 (CMVR). The Ministry of Shipping, Road

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For the emission standards to deliver real emission reductions it is crucial that the test cycles under which the emissions have to comply as much as possible reflect normal driving situations. It was discovered that manufacturers of engine would engage in what was called 'cycle beating' to optimize

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Both BSIV and BSVI area unit emission norms that set the most permissible levels for pollutants emitting from an automotive or a two-wheeler exhaust. Compared to the BS4, BS6 emission standards area unit stricter, whereas makers use this variation to update their vehicles with new options and safety

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with effect from 1 April 2018 instead of 1 April 2020. In fact, Petroleum Ministry OMCs were asked to examine the possibility of introduction of BS VI auto fuels in the whole of NCR area from 1 April 2019. This huge step was taken due to the heavy problem of air pollution faced by Delhi which became

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Based on the recommendations of the committee, the National Auto Fuel policy was announced officially in 2003. The roadmap for implementation of the Bharat stage norms were laid out until 2010. The policy also created guidelines for auto fuels, reduction of pollution from older vehicles and R&D

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Emissions from new diesel engines used in generator sets have been regulated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India . The regulations impose type approval certification, production conformity testing and labelling requirements. Certification agencies include the Automotive

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While the norms help in bringing down pollution levels, it invariably results in increased vehicle cost due to the improved technology and higher fuel prices. However, this increase in private cost is offset by savings in health costs for the public, as there is a lesser amount of disease-causing

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were first introduced in 2000. Progressively stringent norms have been rolled out since then. All new vehicles manufactured after the implementation of the norms have to be compliant with the regulations. Since October 2010, Bharat Stage (BS) III norms have been enforced across the country. In 13

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major cities, Bharat Stage IV emission norms have been in place since April 2010 and it has been enforced for entire country since April 2017. In 2016, the Indian government announced that the country would skip the BS V norms altogether and adopt BS VI norms by 2020. In its recent judgment, the

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Presently, all vehicles need to undergo a periodic emission check (3 months/ 6 months/ 1 year) at PUC centres, fuel stations and private garages which are authorized to check the vehicles. In addition, transport vehicles need to undergo an annual fitness check carried out by RTOs for emissions,

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In addition, the other Ministries like Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoPNG) and Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources are also involved in formulation of regulations relating to Emissions, Noise, Fuels and Alternative Fuel vehicles.

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by 80%. The BS-6 norms also sets limits for Hydrocarbon and particulate emissions, which were not specified in earlier norms. To meet the emission requirements of Bharat Stage-6, the carburetors in petrol engines need to be replaced by the programmed fuel injectors. To further reduce tail pipe

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To regulate the pollution emitted by cars and two-wheelers, the Government of India has placed forth regulations known as Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES). The Central Government has mandated that every vehicle manufacturer, both two-wheels and four-wheels, ought to manufacture, sell and

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In addition to limits, test procedure has certain finer points too. For instance, the mass emission test measurements done in g/km on a chassis dynamometer requires a loading of 100 kg weight in addition to unloaded car weight in Europe. In India, BS III norms require an extra loading of

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The use of alternative fuels has been promoted in India both for energy security and emission reduction. Delhi and Mumbai have more than 100,000 commercial vehicles running on CNG fuel. Delhi has the largest number of CNG commercial vehicles running anywhere in the World. India is planning to

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The emission standards for thermal power plants in India are being enforced based on Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 of Government of India and its amendments from time to time. A summary of emission norms for coal- and gas-based thermal power plants is given in Tables 15 and 16.

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emission performance to the test cycle, while emissions from typical driving conditions would be much higher than expected, undermining the standards and public health. In one particular instance, research from two German technology institutes found that for diesel cars no 'real' NO

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The above standards apply to all new 4-wheeled vehicles sold and registered in the respective regions. In addition, the National Auto Fuel Policy introduces certain emission requirements for interstate buses with routes originating or terminating in Delhi or the other 10 cities.

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The National Standards for Automotive Industry are prepared by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The standards formulated by AISC are also converted into Indian Standards by BIS. The standards formulated by both BIS and AISC are considered by CMVR-TSC for implementation.

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2010 – Bharat Stage IV emission norms for 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers and 4-wheelers for the entire country, whereas Bharat Stage IV (equivalent to Euro IV) for 13 major cities for only 4-wheelers. Bharat Stage IV also has norms on OBD (similar to Euro III but

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CMVR-TSC is assisted by another Committee called the Automobile Industry Standards Committee (AISC) having members from various stakeholders in drafting the technical standards related to Safety. The major functions of the committee are as follows:

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C1 (8-mode) and D2 (5-mode) test cycles. The Bharat Stage III standards must be met over the useful life periods shown in Table 11. Alternatively, manufacturers may use fixed emission deterioration factors of 1.1 for CO, 1.05 for HC, 1.05 for

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The Parivahan website (under MoRTH) for testing petrol/LPG/CNG vehicles does not have the CO-corrected formula specified by ARAI. Due to this deliberate omission by MoRTH, many vehicles with high CO emissions pass the pollution

98:. Exposure to air pollution can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, which is estimated to be the cause for 6,20,000 early deaths in 2010, and the health cost of air pollution in India has been assessed at 3% of its 4062:

The Bharat stage norms have been styled to suit specific needs and demands of Indian conditions. The differences lie essentially in environmental and geographical needs, even though the emission standards are exactly the same.

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emissions from a diesel engines are to be reduced by 70% and particulates by 80%. To achieve this, the engines need to be equipped with Euro-6 compliant technologies. The major technical changes to associated with this are:

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Another major distinction is in the maximum speed at which the vehicle is tested. A speed of 90 km/h is stipulated for BS III, whereas it is 120 km/h for Euro III, keeping emission limits the same in both cases

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Emission standards for light-duty diesel vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) are summarised in Table 4. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes (by reference mass) of light commercial vehicles; comparable to

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In order to comply with the BSIV norms, 2- and 3-wheeler manufacturers will have to fit an evaporative emission control unit, which should lower the amount of fuel that is evaporated when the motorcycle is parked.

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To recommend to the Government the International/ foreign standards which can be used in lieu of standard notified under the CMVR permit use of components/parts/assemblies complying with such standards.

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To involve all stake holders in regulation formulation, MoSRT&H has constituted two Committees to deliberate and advise Ministry on issues relating to Safety and Emission Regulations, namely –

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In view of the above, it may be seen that improved environment norms are linked to financing and are being enforced by international financial institutions and not by the policies/laws of land.

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Emissions are tested over the ISO 8178 C1 (8-mode) cycle. For Bharat (Trem) Stage III A, the useful life periods and deterioration factors are the same as for Bharat (CEV) Stage III, Table 11.

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for India. It also recommended a phased implementation of future norms with the regulations being implemented in major cities first and extended to the rest of the country after a few years.

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For instance, Euro III is tested at sub-zero temperatures in European countries. In India, where the average annual temperature ranges between 24 and 28 °C, the test is done away with.

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Various groups and agencies have criticized the government and urged the government of India to draft mandatory fuel efficiency standards for cars in the country, or at least to make the CO

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Emissions standards for petrol vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) are summarised in Table 6. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes of light commercial vehicles (comparable to

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Comparison between European, US, and Bharat stage (Indian) emission standards for diesel passenger cars. The sizes of the green circles represent the limits for particulate matter.

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The fuel specifications of petrol and diesel have been aligned with the Corresponding European Fuel Specifications for meeting the Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV emission norms.

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emissions, the exhaust system would be fitted with three way catalytic converters. The norms also mandates On-Board Diagnostic System (OBD) for all BS-6 compliant vehicles.

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The test cycle has been the ECE + EUDC for low power vehicles (with maximum speed limited to 90 km/h). Before 2000, emissions were measured over an Indian test cycle.

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On 15 November 2017, the Petroleum Ministry of India, in consultation with public oil marketing companies, decided to bring forward the date of BS VI grade auto fuels in

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The abbreviation of Bharat Stage is 'BS' suffixed with the iteration of the stage of emission norms, similar to how European emissions standards are named. The initial

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was introduced in 2017, and therefore the delay between the introduction of BS3 and BS4 resulted in the fast-tracking of the BSVI or BS6 standards by skipping the

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Based on the recommendations from CMVR-TSC and SCOE, MoSRT&H issues notification for necessary amendments / modifications to the Central Motor Vehicle Rules.

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In addition to the above emission standards, the selection of a site for a new power plant has to maintain the local ambient air quality as given in Table 17.

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These area unit emission standards set by Bharat Safety Emission commonplace (BSEB) to manage the output of pollutants from vehicles plying on the road. The

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for installation of flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) system. But FGD is not installed, as it is not required for low sulphur Indian coals while considering SO

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Bharat (CEV) Stage II—These standards are based on the EU Stage I requirements, but also cover smaller engines that were not regulated under the EU Stage I.

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The below table offers Associate in Nursing insight into the modification within the permissible emission levels of BS6 vehicles compared to BS4 vehicles:

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To provide technical clarification and interpretation of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules having technical bearing, to MoRT&H, as and when so desired.

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Transport & Highways (MoSRT&H) acts as a nodal agency for formulation and implementation of various provisions of the Motor Vehicle Act and CMVR.

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emissions of new passenger cars offered for sale or lease in the Community is made available to consumers to enable consumers to make an informed choice.

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Engines for use in light-duty vehicles can be also emission tested using an engine dynamo-meter. The respective emission standards are listed in Table 5.

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The BS IV grade fuel was introduced in 2010 and is available in 39 cities, as reported in 2016. The rest of the country has to make do with BS III fuel.

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The limit values apply for both type approval (TA) and conformity of production (COP) testing. Testing is performed on an engine dynamo-meter over the

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1996 – Revision of mass emission norms for petrol and diesel vehicles, mandatory fitment of catalytic converter for cars in metros on unleaded petrol.

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by 1 April 2000. Car makers were not prepared for this transition and in a subsequent judgement the implementation date for Euro II was not enforced.

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worse around 2019. The decision was met with disarray by the automobile companies as they had planned the development according to roadmap for 2020.

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The first emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 for petroleum distillate, and 1992 for diesel vehicles. These were followed by making the

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has banned the sale and registration of motor vehicles conforming to the emission standard Bharat Stage IV in the entire country from 1 April 2020.

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To make recommendations on the new safety standards of various components for notification and implementation under Central Motor Vehicles Rules.

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emissions labelling mandatory on cars in the country. A system exists in the EU to ensure that information relating to the fuel economy and CO

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Research Association of India (ARAI) and the Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE). The emission standards are listed below.

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The norm for 500 MW and above coal-based power plant being practised is 40 to 50 mg/N⋅m and space is provided in the plant layout for

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emissions labelling mandatory on all new cars in the country. The auto companies should inform the customers about a vehicle's emissions.

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To make recommendations on any other technical issues which have direct relevance in implementation of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules.

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To recommend amendment of Central Motor Vehicles Rules having technical bearing keeping in view of Changes in automobile technologies.

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Emission standards for diesel construction machinery were adopted on 21 September 2006. The standards are structured into two tiers:

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1991 – Idle CO limits for petrol vehicles and free acceleration smoke for diesel vehicles, mass emission norms for petrol vehicles.

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This Committee deliberates the issues related to implementation of emission regulation. Major functions of this committee are –

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ruled that all vehicles in India have to meet Euro I or India 2000 norms by 1 June 1999 and Euro II will be imperative in the

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Emission standards for new heavy-duty diesel engines—applicable to vehicles of GVW > 3,500 kg—are listed in Table 3.

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Exhaust gases from vehicles form a significant portion of air pollution which is harmful to human health and the environment

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standard was first introduced in mid 1999, with the second and third iteration first introduced in mid 2000 and 2005 named

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The objective of reducing pollution is not achieved to a large extent by the present system. Some reasons for this are:

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level is 100 μg/m, it is called polluted area and maximum emission from a project should not exceed 100 t/day; and if SO

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2023 - Bharat Stage VI Second Phase Fuel norms from 1 April 2023 have only Petrol also called RDE norms with e20 fuels.

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emissions from transport have risen rapidly in recent years, but like the EU, currently there are no standards for CO

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2000 – India 2000 (equivalent to Euro I) norms, modified IDC (Indian driving cycle), Bharat Stage II norms for Delhi.

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standards, the largest or the numerous modification comes within the type of stricter permissible emission norms.

292: 4694: 4681: 4534:"Govt decides to skip BS-V; leapfrog to BS-VI emission norms by April 1, 2020: Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari" 4518: 232:(Mo.E.F.C.C.), sets the permissible pollution levels and timeline to implement an equivalent by vehicle makers. 86:, and the introduction of electronic controls have been due to the regulations related to vehicular emissions. 4253: 1705:

2020 – Bharat Stage VI fuel norms from 1 April 2020 nationwide switching India to world's cleanest diesel and

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are even stricter for selection of sites for World Bank funded projects (refer Table 18). For example, if SO

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Comparison between European, US, and Bharat stage (Indian) emission standards for petrol passenger cars.

Engines are tested over the 5-mode ISO 8178 D2 test cycle. Smoke opacity is measured at full load.

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An on-board diagnostic system required to monitor the malfunctioning of parts related to emissions

1399:† Earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1. ‡ only in selected regions, see Table 1. 1202:). The lowest limit in each range applies to passenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats). 823:† Earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1. ‡ Only in selected regions, see Table 1. 4471: 4447: 4376: 4284: 847:. The lowest limit in each range applies to passenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats). 4720:"Hasty introduction of Euro VI fuel norms triggers a slugfest between automakers, oil companies" 4172:

Recommend the necessary funding of such facilities to the CMVR Technical Standing Committee, and

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norms. Each of the regulations have stricter emission standards compared to its predecessors.

4873:"Overview Of India's Vehicle Emissions Control Program - Past Successes And Future Prospects" 4320:"Post odd-even: India to skip Bharat Stage-V, to implement Stage-VI emission norms from 2020" 4074:

150 kg weight to achieve the desired inertia weight mainly due to road conditions here.

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Using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) or Exhaust Gas Recirculation techniques to reduce

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Emission standards for 2- and 3-wheeled petrol vehicles are listed in the following tables.

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As per Bharat Stage-6 norms, the emission of carbon monoxide is to be reduced by 30% and

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Petrol vehicles must also meet an evaporative (SHED) limit of 2 g/test (effective 2000).

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2005 – From 1 April, Bharat Stage IV (equivalent to Euro IV) norms for 13 major cities.

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2001 – Bharat Stage II (equivalent to Euro II) norms for all metros, emission norms for

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Fuel quality plays a very important role in meeting the stringent emission regulation.

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mandatory for petrol vehicles and the introduction of unleaded petrol in the market.

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Advise MoSRT&H on any issue relating to implementation of emission regulations.

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To finalise the test procedures and the implementation strategy for emission norms

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To make recommendations on lead time for implementation of such safety standards.

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Table 14: Emission limits for diesel engines > 800 kW for generator sets

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Table 13: Emission standards for diesel engines ≤ 800 kW for generator sets

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Independent centers do not follow rigorous procedures due to inadequate training

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Emission standards for diesel agricultural tractors are summarised in Table 12.

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https://autocurious.com/bharat-stage-6-all-you-need-to-know-about-bs-6-norms/

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https://autocurious.com/bharat-stage-6-all-you-need-to-know-about-bs-6-norms/

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Bharat (CEV) Stage III—These standards are based on US Tier 2/3 requirements.

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2018 - Bharat Stage VI fuel norms from 1 April 2018 in Delhi instead of 2020.

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Table 12: Bharat (Trem) emission standards for diesel agricultural tractors

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Table 6: Emission standards for petrol vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg), g/km

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Advise CMVR Technical Standing Committee on any other issues referred to it

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emission from a project should not exceed 500 t/day. The stipulation for NO

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Concentrations are corrected to dry exhaust conditions with 15% residual O

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Recommend adoption of such standards to CMVR Technical Standing Committee

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2003 – Bharat Stage II (equivalent to Euro II) norms for 13 major cities.

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Equipment not subjected to periodic calibration by independent authority

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Table 15: Environmental standards for coal- and gas-based power plants

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Table 9: Emission standards for 2- and 3-wheeled diesel vehicles, g/km

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Recommend commissioning of testing facilities at appropriate stages.

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Preparation of new standards for automotive items related to safety.

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reductions have been achieved after 13 years of stricter standards.

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Table 3: Emission standards for diesel truck and bus engines, g/kWh

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In 2002, the Indian Government accepted the report submitted by the

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Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE)

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Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE)

606: 51:. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the 605: 499: 117: 109: 75: 1071:

Table 5: Emission standards for light-duty diesel engines, g/kWh

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Table 4: Emission standards for light-duty diesel vehicles, g/km

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committee. The committee proposed a road map for the roll-out of

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emission is that its emission should not exceed 260 g of NO

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Table 8: Emission standards for 2-wheeled petrol vehicles, g/km

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Table 7: Emission standards for 3-wheeled petrol vehicles, g/km

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Table 2: Indian emission standards (2- and 3-wheeled vehicles)

4627:"BS-VI fuel norms from April 1, 2018 in Delhi instead of 2020" 4049:

Tracking system of vehicles failing to meet norms non-existent

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is less than 50 μg/m, it is called unpolluted area, but the SO

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To review and recommend amendments to the existing standards.

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Progress of emission standards for 2-and 3-wheeled vehicles:

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More details on Euro I–III regulations can be found in the

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India's auto sector accounts for about 18% of the total CO

4556:"Emission Standards: India: On-Road Vehicles and Engines" 2838:

level is higher than 100 μg/m, no project with further SO

1181:† Earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1. 1055:† Earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1. 303:

for air quality data creation and health administration.

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Table 1: Indian emission standards (4-wheeled vehicles)

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4601:"Vehicular Technology in India | Emission Norms" 4195:

To recommend norms for in-use vehicles to MoSRT&H

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Table 11: Bharat (CEV) Stage III useful life periods

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The standards are summarised in the following table:

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Fitting diesel particulate filters in exhaust system.

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The phasing out of 2-stroke engine for two wheelers,

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Ineffectiveness of present pollution control system

4254:"Functions of the Central Pollution Control Board" 3677:Carbon residue (Ramsbottom)*, % by mass, max 2673:275 (+ Space provision for FGD systems in future) 230:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change 57:Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change 4880:The International Council on Clean Transportation 4256:. Central Pollution Control Board. Archived from 27:Indian emission norms based on European standards 4467:"Maruti board on a junket as market share falls" 4517:(Press release). 6 October 2003. Archived from 1666:1992 – Mass emission norms for diesel vehicles. 4058:Comparison between Bharat stage and Euro norms 4046:Lack of professionalism has led to malpractice 3460:Cetane number: 48; Sulfur: 0.25% (Nationwide) 2824:Unpolluted area, max from a project 500 t/day 1699:2017 – Bharat Stage IV norms for all vehicles. 4491:"Nod for recommendations on auto fuel policy" 4127:CMVR- Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) 4119:CMVR- Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) 4009:* Carbon residue shall be run on 100% sample 1737:emission limits for pollution from vehicles. 84:the cessation of production of the Maruti 800 8: 4772:"Greenpeace urges government for CO2 limits" 2812:Polluted area, max from a project 100 t/day 2780:Table 18: World Bank norms for new projects 2651:H = 14 (Q)0.3 where Q is emission rate of SO 2602:75 PPM for natural gas; 100 PPM for naphtha 2591:50 PPM for natural gas; 100 PPM for naphtha 4871:Bansal, Gaurav; Bandivadekar, Anup (2013). 4418:"Ministry of Road Transport & Highways" 3995:Oxidation stability, at 110 °C h, min 3520:Table 22: Indian bio-diesel specifications 4347:"SC bans sale of BS-IV vehicles from 2020" 3775:Cu corrosion, 3 h at 50 °C, max 3476:Sulphur: 350 ppm (Euro 3; selected areas) 1396:* For catalytic converter fitted vehicles. 4345:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (24 October 2018). 4015:@@ Applicable for Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester 3468:Sulphur: 0.05% (Delhi + selected cities) 2631:Table 16: Stack height requirement for SO 1806:There is also no provision to make the CO 1057:‡ Only in selected regions, see Table 1. 35:are emission standards instituted by the 4838:"Emission regulatory framework in India" 4532:Press Trust of India (6 January 2016). 4013:@ Applicable for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester 3518: 3508:Sulphur: 10ppm (Euro 6; entire country) 3436:Sulphur: 0.5% (Delhi + selected cities) 3410: 3224: 2890: 2778: 2692: 2629: 2524: 2416: 2240: 1921: 1858: 1788: 1771: 1753: 1604: 1510: 1416: 1204: 1200:EU light-duty vehicle emission standards 1069: 849: 845:EU light-duty vehicle emission standards 616: 534: 310: 136: 4245: 4011:** European method is under development 3627:Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, cSt 3492:Sulphur: 50 ppm (Euro 4; major cities) 3452:Sulphur: 0.05% (Delhi, limited supply) 3412:Table 21: Diesel fuel quality in India 3226:Table 20: Indian diesel specifications 2892:Table 19: Indian petrol specifications 2694:Table 17: Ambient air quality standard 1658:Overview of the emission norms in India 4744:Abhishek Sengupta (20 February 2005). 3484:Sulphur: 350 ppm (Euro 3; nationwide) 43:from compression ignition engines and 33:Bharat stage emission standards (BSES) 4724:The Economic Times/The Times of India 4515:"National Auto Fuel Policy Announced" 3500:Sulphur: 50 ppm (Euro 4; nationwide) 2662:200/210 MWe or less than 500 MWe 200 1864: 1768:As per the Bharat Stage-6 norms, the 1729:emissions in the country. Relative CO 1179:* 0.612 for engines below 85 kW 821:* 0.612 for engines below 85 kW 7: 4718:Karunakaran, Naren (26 April 2016). 4192:To discuss the future emission norms 3893:Total glycerol, % by mass, max 2973:d) Recovery up to 150 °C (E150) 2971:c) Recovery up to 180 °C (E180) 2969:b) Recovery up to 100 °C (E100) 1764:Technology changes in diesel engines 1746:Technology changes in petrol engines 4746:"TOI article on Bharat Stage norms" 4707:Emission standards for power plants 4229:Regulation on non-exhaust emissions 3876:Free glycerol, % by mass, max 3859:Ester content, % by mass, min 1672:1998 – Cold start norms introduced. 4659:. 20 February 2020. Archived from 3961:Calcium and magnesium, mg/kg, max 3694:Sulfated ash, % by mass, max 3039:Research Octane Number (RON), min 2967:a) Recovery up to 70 °C (E70) 2687:emission from individual chimney. 476:* National Capital Region (Delhi) 25: 3927:Sodium and Potassium, mg/kg, max 3060:Anti-Knock Index (AKI)/ MON, min 2975:e) Final boiling point (FBP), max 2390:176 kW < P ≤ 800 kW 4499:. 9 January 2002. Archived from 3843:Ethanol, @@ % by mass, max 3826:Methanol @, % by mass, max 3758:Total contamination, mg/kg, max 3515:Indian bio-diesel specifications 3126:Reid vapour pressure (RVP), max 2613:100 PPM for naphtha/natural gas 2367:50 kW < P ≤ 176 kW 3428:Cetane number: 45; Sulphur: 1% 3339:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 2324:19 kW < P ≤ 50 kW 226:Central Pollution Control Board 53:Central Pollution Control Board 4802:"T&E Bulletin, March 2006" 4475:. 31 July 1999. Archived from 3303:Cetane number minimum and / or 2596:Below 400 MW and up to 100 MW 2588:NOX(V/V at 15% excess oxygen) 832:EU heavy-duty engine standards 199:Particulate Matter (PM) Limit 172:Particulate Matter (PM) Limit 1: 4451:. 15 May 1999. Archived from 4372:"Reforming the little rascal" 4224:Automotive Industry Standards 2842:emission can be set up; if SO 156:Petroleum Distillate Vehicle 4603:. SIAM India. Archived from 4033:safety and road-worthiness. 3579:Density at 15 °C, kg/m 3407:Diesel fuel quality in India 3221:Indian diesel specifications 2887:Indian petrol specifications 2681:super thermal power stations 2441: 2271: 1955: 1871: 331:India 2000 / Bharat Stage I 4770:Pratyush (9 January 2008). 3644:Flash point (PMCC) °C, min 3373:95% vol. reco at 0 °C 2657:H = Stack height in metres 591:1 April 2020 with mandate 186:Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit 159:Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit 4930: 3997: 3994: 3980: 3977: 3963: 3960: 3929: 3926: 3912: 3909: 3895: 3892: 3878: 3875: 3861: 3858: 3845: 3842: 3828: 3825: 3811: 3809:Acid value, mg KOH/g, max 3808: 3794: 3791: 3777: 3774: 3760: 3757: 3713: 3711:Water content, mg/kg, max 3710: 3696: 3693: 3679: 3676: 3662: 3659: 3646: 3643: 3629: 3626: 3581: 3578: 3366: 3337: 3302: 3278:Sulphur content mg/kg max 3277: 3256: 3104:Lead content (as Pb), max 2966: 2948: 2925: 2640:Power generation capacity 2542:Coal based thermal plants 1821: 1189:Light-duty petrol vehicles 838:Light-duty diesel vehicles 39:to regulate the output of 4008: 3533: 2727:Industrial and mixed-use 2701: 2698: 2618:For conventional boilers 2580:Gas based thermal plants 2579: 2541: 2422: 2323: 2280: 2272: 2249: 2246: 2056:Bharat (Trem) Stage III A 2054: 2024: 1994: 1964: 1959: 1930: 1904: 1885: 1877: 1410:2- and 3-wheeled vehicles 1395: 1178: 1054: 820: 783: 780: 743: 740: 475: 448: 445: 413: 410: 391: 388: 347: 344: 297:Euro based emission norms 4809:Transportenvironment.org 4023:Criticism and commentary 3534:Method of test, ref. to 3257:Density kg/m 15 °C 2830:However the norms for SO 2550:Particulate matter (PM) 62:The standards, based on 4776:Pratyush.instablogs.com 4443:"SC dilutes Euro norms" 3910:Phosphorus, mg/kg, max 3444:Sulphur: 0.25% (Delhi) 3371:Reco min at 370 °C 3369:Reco min at 350 °C 2026:Bharat (Trem) Stage III 1818:Non-road diesel engines 4909:Air pollution in India 4657:The New Indian Express 4219:Air pollution in India 3200:Aromatic content, max 2744:Residential and rural 2648:Less than 200/210 MWe 2228:Electricity generation 1996:Bharat (Trem) Stage II 1829:Construction machinery 1824:Non-road diesel engine 611: 307:Background information 282:Supreme Court of India 280:On 29 April 1999, the 123: 115: 45:Spark-ignition engines 3683:ASTM D 4530ISO 10370 2785:Existing air quality 1966:Bharat (Trem) Stage I 1915:Agricultural tractors 1822:Further information: 609: 253:The fourth iteration 121: 113: 47:equipment, including 4308:. 24 September 2010. 4107:Regulatory framework 3178:Olefin content, max 3148:Benzene content, max 3081:Sulphur, total, max 2702:Concentration (g/m) 1802:Obligatory labelling 183:Diesel Fuel Vehicle 96:pollution in the air 64:European regulations 4663:on 28 February 2020 4503:on 25 January 2013. 4479:on 26 January 2013. 4455:on 29 January 2004. 4078:Non-existence of CO 3660:Sulphur, mg/kg max 3521: 3413: 3227: 2926:Density 15 °C 2893: 2862:/GJ of heat input. 2781: 2695: 2636: 2527: 2419: 2243: 1924: 1868:Useful life period 1861: 1607: 1513: 1419: 1207: 1072: 852: 619: 537: 478:† Mumbai, Kolkata, 313: 275:Catalytic converter 138: 37:Government of India 4914:Standards of India 4904:Emission standards 4848:on 27 January 2011 4750:The Times of India 4633:. 15 November 2017 4631:Downtoearth.org.in 4472:The Indian Express 4448:The Indian Express 4398:on 29 January 2020 4377:The Indian Express 4285:The Indian Express 3519: 3411: 3225: 2891: 2779: 2693: 2670:500 MWe and above 2630: 2525: 2474:2003-07 – 2005-06 2417: 2241: 1922: 1859: 1856:, and 1.1 for PM. 1741:Technology changes 1605: 1511: 1417: 1205: 1194:4-wheeled vehicles 1070: 850: 617: 612: 535: 311: 137: 124: 116: 92:particulate matter 4818:on 6 October 2006 4521:on 10 March 2004. 4326:. 15 January 2016 4020: 4019: 3512: 3511: 3404: 3403: 3218: 3217: 2828: 2827: 2777: 2776: 2677: 2676: 2643:Stack height (m) 2628: 2627: 2585:400 MW and above 2569:500 MW and above 2558:210 MW and above 2507: 2506: 2412: 2411: 2247:Engine power (P) 2222: 2221: 2200:130 ≤ P < 560 1912: 1911: 1655: 1654: 1603: 1602: 1590:2010-04 (BS III) 1509: 1508: 1496:2010-04 (BS III) 1404: 1403: 1186: 1185: 1062: 1061: 828: 827: 595: 594: 563:Bharat Stage III 526: 525: 420:NCR*, 14 Cities† 398:NCR*, 14 Cities† 389:Bharat Stage III 376:NCR*, 14 Cities† 222: 221: 16:(Redirected from 4921: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4877: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4844:. Archived from 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4817: 4811:. Archived from 4806: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4778:. Archived from 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4715: 4709: 4704: 4698: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4394:. Archived from 4388: 4382: 4381: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4288:. 30 April 1999. 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4250: 3792:Cetane no., min 3528:Characteristics 3522: 3414: 3228: 3152:b) For the rest 2900:Characteristics 2894: 2782: 2696: 2637: 2564:150 mg/N⋅m 2553:350 mg/N⋅m 2528: 2420: 2244: 2177:75 ≤ P < 130 1925: 1905:> 37 kW 1878:< 19 kW 1862: 1793: 1776: 1758: 1608: 1514: 1420: 1208: 1073: 853: 620: 602:Trucks and buses 585:Bharat Stage VI 574:Bharat Stage IV 552:Bharat Stage II 538: 446:Bharat Stage VI 411:Bharat Stage IV 345:Bharat Stage II 314: 145:Pollutant Gases 139: 21: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4894: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4875: 4870: 4867: 4865:Further reading 4862: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4782:on 13 July 2011 4769: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4701: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4607:on 11 June 2009 4599: 4598: 4594: 4589:. 2 April 2020. 4579: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4380:. 29 July 1999. 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4260:on 9 April 2009 4252: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4215: 4186: 4129: 4109: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4060: 4030: 4025: 4014: 4012: 3933:EN 14108 & 3517: 3409: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3234:Characteristic 3223: 3161: 3159: 3151: 3149: 3090:150 mg/kg 3087:500 mg/kg 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2977:f) Residue max 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2889: 2871: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2788:Recommendation 2722: 2713: 2686: 2656: 2654: 2634: 2575:50 mg/N⋅m 2537:Emission limit 2519: 2512: 2435: 2281:P ≤ 19 kW 2262: 2235: 2230: 2154:56 ≤ P < 75 2131:37 ≤ P < 56 2108:19 ≤ P < 37 1949: 1943: 1917: 1897:Variable speed 1889:Constant speed 1855: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1792: 1786: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1743: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1720: 1660: 1620: 1529: 1435: 1412: 1397: 1390: 1388: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1358: 1356: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1232: 1226: 1196: 1191: 1091: 1049: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1010: 1008: 1003: 1001: 996: 994: 986: 984: 877: 871: 840: 641: 604: 433:Bharat Stage V 309: 271: 215:170 mg/km 202:4.5 mg/km 175:4.5 mg/km 108: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4927: 4925: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4829: 4793: 4762: 4736: 4710: 4699: 4686: 4674: 4644: 4618: 4592: 4572: 4547: 4540:) – via 4524: 4506: 4482: 4458: 4434: 4409: 4383: 4363: 4337: 4311: 4291: 4271: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4211: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4128: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4108: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4006: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3389: 3381: 3374: 3365: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3320: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3156: 3153: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3096:10 mg/kg 3094: 3093:50 mg/kg 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3017: 3004: 2991: 2978: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2888: 2885: 2870: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2797:> 100 μg/m 2794: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457:Until 2003-06 2454: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2234: 2233:Generator sets 2231: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2085:8 ≤ P < 19 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886:19–37 kW 1883: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1853: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1830: 1827: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1783: 1765: 1762: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1411: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1393: 1392: 1385: 1382: 1375: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1353: 1350: 1343: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1027: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1005: 998: 991: 988: 981: 978: 974: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 928: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 905: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 882: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 839: 836: 826: 825: 818: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 801: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 778: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 761: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 715: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 692: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 669: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 646: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 603: 600: 593: 592: 589: 586: 582: 581: 578: 575: 571: 570: 567: 564: 560: 559: 556: 553: 549: 548: 545: 542: 524: 523: 473: 472: 469: 465: 464: 461: 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 443: 442: 440: 437: 434: 430: 429: 426: 422: 421: 418: 415: 412: 408: 407: 404: 400: 399: 396: 393: 390: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 374: 370: 369: 352: 349: 346: 342: 341: 338: 335: 332: 328: 327: 324: 321: 318: 308: 305: 270: 267: 220: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 180: 179: 176: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 160: 157: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 107: 106:Motor vehicles 104: 49:motor vehicles 41:air pollutants 26: 24: 18:Bharat Stage 6 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4926: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4847: 4843: 4842:Siamindia.com 4839: 4833: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4797: 4794: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4766: 4763: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4737: 4725: 4721: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4675: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4561: 4560:Dieselnet.com 4557: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4352: 4348: 4341: 4338: 4325: 4324:Firstpost.com 4321: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4106: 4104: 4094:Cycle beating 4093: 4091: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4016: 4007: 4003: 4000: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3978:Iodine value 3974: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3699: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3548:Other methods 3546: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3514: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3382: 3375: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3307: 3305:Cetane index 3297: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3157: 3154: 3150:a) For metros 3147: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2992: 2979: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949:Distillation 2945: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2823: 2821:< 50 μg/m 2816: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2609: 2607:Below 100 MW 2606: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2547:Below 210 MW 2546: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2245: 2239: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1928:Engine power 1927: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865:Power rating 1863: 1857: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1828: 1825: 1817: 1815: 1801: 1796: 1794:in emissions. 1791: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576:2005 (BS II) 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1482:2005 (BS II) 1481: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1400: 1394: 1386: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1351: 1344: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1228: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1058: 1053: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1028: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1006: 999: 992: 989: 982: 979: 976: 975: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 952: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 906: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 883: 879: 873: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 854: 848: 846: 837: 835: 833: 824: 819: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 802: 798: 795: 792: 789: 786: 779: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 762: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 739: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 716: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 670: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 647: 643: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 621: 615: 608: 601: 599: 590: 587: 584: 583: 580:1 April 2017 579: 576: 573: 572: 569:1 April 2010 568: 565: 562: 561: 558:1 April 2000 557: 554: 551: 550: 546: 543: 540: 539: 533: 530: 522: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 474: 470: 467: 466: 462: 459: 458: 454: 451: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 431: 427: 424: 423: 419: 416: 409: 405: 402: 401: 397: 394: 387: 383: 380: 379: 375: 372: 371: 368: 364: 360: 356: 353: 350: 343: 339: 336: 333: 330: 329: 325: 322: 319: 316: 315: 306: 304: 300: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 278: 276: 268: 266: 264: 260: 256: 251: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 231: 227: 217: 214: 211: 209: 208: 204: 201: 198: 196: 195: 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 177: 174: 171: 169: 168: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 150: 147: 144: 141: 140: 135: 132: 128: 120: 112: 105: 103: 101: 97: 93: 87: 85: 80: 77: 72: 70: 69:Supreme Court 65: 60: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 4883:. Retrieved 4850:. Retrieved 4846:the original 4841: 4832: 4820:. Retrieved 4813:the original 4808: 4796: 4784:. Retrieved 4780:the original 4775: 4765: 4753:. Retrieved 4749: 4739: 4727:. Retrieved 4723: 4713: 4702: 4689: 4677: 4665:. Retrieved 4661:the original 4656: 4647: 4635:. Retrieved 4630: 4621: 4609:. Retrieved 4605:the original 4595: 4584: 4575: 4563:. Retrieved 4559: 4550: 4527: 4519:the original 4509: 4501:the original 4494: 4485: 4477:the original 4470: 4461: 4453:the original 4446: 4437: 4425:. Retrieved 4422:Morth.nic.in 4421: 4412: 4400:. Retrieved 4396:the original 4386: 4375: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4351:Thehindu.com 4350: 4340: 4328:. Retrieved 4323: 4314: 4303: 4294: 4283: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4258:the original 4248: 4207: 4204: 4187: 4178: 4154: 4130: 4114: 4110: 4097: 4085: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4035: 4031: 4010: 3899:ASTM D 6584 3882:ASTM D 6584 3818:P:1 / Sec 1 3717:ASTM D 2709 3666:ASTM D 5453 3552: 3547: 3531:Requirement 3420:Particulars 3367:Distillation 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2864: 2829: 2689: 2678: 2520: 2517:Power plants 2508: 2413: 2236: 2223: 2055: 2025: 1995: 1965: 1918: 1846: 1843: 1832: 1805: 1789: 1772: 1767: 1754: 1749: 1724: 1413: 1405: 1398: 1197: 1180: 1066: 1063: 1056: 841: 829: 822: 613: 596: 531: 527: 477: 301: 290: 279: 272: 262: 258: 254: 252: 248: 247:respectively 245:BSIII (BS3), 244: 240: 236: 234: 228:, under the 223: 218:300 mg 192:250 mg 133: 129: 125: 88: 81: 76:NCT of Delhi 73: 61: 32: 31: 29: 4637:17 December 4427:17 December 4356:17 December 4330:17 December 4234:Bharat NCAP 3916:ASTMD 4951 3525:Serial no. 3231:Serial no. 2897:Serial no. 2809:= 100 μg/m 2800:No project 471:Nationwide 428:Nationwide 406:Nationwide 384:Nationwide 340:Nationwide 205:25 mg 189:80 mg 165:80 mg 162:60 mg 151:BS4 (BSIV) 148:BS6 (BSVI) 4898:Categories 4852:2 February 4822:2 February 4786:2 February 4755:2 February 4402:10 January 4264:28 October 4240:References 3981:To report 3964:To report 3930:To report 3601:ISO 12185 3553:of IS 1448 3107:200 2761:Sensitive 2534:Pollutant 1306:0.97–1.70 1300:2.72–6.90 1287:1.50–2.18 1281:4.34–6.20 1268:3.00–4.36 1262:8.68–12.4 1243:14.3–27.1 1214:Reference 1079:Reference 969:0.08–0.17 946:0.14–0.25 943:0.97–1.70 937:2.72–6.90 891:17.3–32.6 859:Reference 658:17.3–32.6 626:Reference 544:Reference 512:Jamshedpur 439:(Skipped) 320:Reference 241:BSII (BS2) 142:Fuel Type 55:under the 4586:The Hindu 4496:The Hindu 4305:The Hindu 4001:EN 14112 3984:EN 14104 3950:EN 14109 3865:EN 14103 3832:EN 14110 3798:ISO 5156 3781:ISO 2160 3764:EN 12662 3748:ISO 6296 3733:ISO 3733 3700:ISO 6245 3633:ISO 3104 3585:ISO 3675 3203:% volume 3181:% volume 3155:% volume 3071:81 (MON) 3068:81 (MON) 3065:84 (AKI) 2990:% volume 2699:Category 2531:Capacity 2062:P < 8 1696:diluted). 1686:vehicles. 744:Euro III 541:Standard 492:Ahmedabad 488:Hyderabad 484:Bengaluru 317:Standard 293:Mashelkar 263:BSV (BS5) 237:BSI (BS1) 212:HC + NOx 4667:18 March 4213:See also 3630:2.5–6.0 3582:860–900 3266:820–845 3263:820–845 3260:820-800 2986:% volume 2984:% volume 2982:% volume 2980:% volume 2941:720-775 2938:720–775 2935:720–775 2932:710–770 2655:in kg/h, 2635:control 2624:100 PPM 2491:2005-07 2393:2004-11 2370:2004-01 2347:2004-07 2327:2004-01 2304:2005-07 2284:2004-01 2203:2011-04 2180:2011-04 2157:2011-04 2134:2011-04 2111:2010-04 2088:2010-04 2065:2010-04 2035:2005-10 2005:2003-06 1975:1999-10 1849:ISO 8178 1721:emission 1642:2010-04 1628:2005-04 1325:0.5–0.7 1319:2.2–5.0 1246:2.0–2.9 1162:Euro II 966:0.7–1.2 960:1.0–1.5 920:2.0–4.0 914:5.0–9.0 894:2.7–3.7 784:Euro IV 724:ECE R49 721:Euro II 701:ECE R49 678:ECE R49 661:2.7–3.7 655:ECE R49 520:Guwahati 395:2005-04 4885:22 July 4611:29 June 4565:29 June 4542:Twitter 3947: 3944: 3941: 3745: 3742: 3730: 3727: 3614: 3611: 3598: 3595: 3544: 3541: 3240:BS III 3212:35< 3116:16.005 3084:% mass 2621: 2610: 2599: 2572: 2561: 2452:mg/N⋅m 2449:ppm(v) 2446:mg/N⋅m 2443:mg/N⋅m 1960:g/kW⋅h 1367:Euro 4 1335:Euro 3 1316:Euro 2 1297:Euro 1 1142:Euro I 1019:Euro 4 980:Euro 3 957:Euro 2 934:Euro 1 698:Euro I 588:Euro 6 577:Euro 4 566:Euro 3 555:Euro 2 508:Lucknow 480:Chennai 449:Euro 6 436:Euro 5 414:Euro 4 392:Euro 3 367:Chennai 363:Kolkata 348:Euro 2 334:Euro 1 326:Region 269:History 4729:3 July 4082:limits 3924:xviii 3588:P:16/ 3249:BS VI 3243:BS IV 3237:BS II 3132:35–60 3113:2.005 3110:61.05 3025:75 min 3012:75 min 2770:1,000 2753:2,000 2736:5,000 2273:g/kWh 2268:Smoke 1908:8,000 1900:5,000 1892:3,000 1881:3,000 1873:hours 1707:petrol 1537:12–30 1443:12–30 1364:2010‡ 1332:2010† 1313:2005† 1275:1998* 1159:2005† 1154:0.36* 1125:11.20 1016:2010‡ 977:2010† 954:2005† 781:2010‡ 741:2010† 718:2005† 713:0.36* 681:11.20 504:Kanpur 468:2020 455:Delhi 359:Mumbai 4876:(PDF) 4816:(PDF) 4805:(PDF) 4693:|url= 4538:Tweet 4053:check 3913:10.0 3907:xvii 3896:0.25 3879:0.02 3862:96.5 3846:0.20 3840:xiii 3829:0.20 3812:0.50 3784:P:15 3755:viii 3720:P:40 3708:vii. 3697:0.02 3680:0.05 3669:P:83 3663:50.0 3650:P:21 3641:iii. 3636:P:25 3617:ASTM 3604:P:32 3505:2020 3497:2017 3489:2016 3481:2010 3473:2005 3465:2001 3457:2000 3449:1999 3441:1998 3433:1996 3425:1995 3417:Date 3300:3(b) 3246:BS V 3021:40–70 3019:10–45 3008:40–70 3006:10–45 2995:40–70 2993:10–45 2929:kg/m 2918:BS 7 2915:BS 6 2912:BS 4 2909:BS 3 2906:BS 2 2903:Unit 2869:Fuels 2466:1100 2429:NMHC 2423:Date 2250:Date 2218:0.20 2195:0.30 2172:0.40 2149:0.40 2126:0.60 2103:0.80 2080:0.80 2050:0.80 2020:1.00 2014:15.0 1987:18.0 1978:14.0 1940:HC+NO 1931:Date 1651:0.05 1648:0.50 1645:0.50 1637:0.10 1634:0.85 1631:1.00 1617:HC+NO 1611:Year 1571:2.00 1565:2.00 1562:2000 1557:3.60 1551:5.50 1548:1996 1540:8–12 1534:1991 1526:HC+NO 1517:Year 1505:1.25 1499:1.25 1491:2.00 1485:2.25 1477:2.00 1471:4.00 1468:2000 1463:5.40 1457:6.75 1454:1996 1446:8–12 1440:1991 1432:HC+NO 1423:Year 1391:0.11 1381:0.16 1374:2.27 1359:0.21 1349:0.29 1342:5.22 1294:2000 1256:1996 1237:1991 1223:HC+NO 1211:Year 1174:0.15 1139:2000 1131:14.4 1128:2.40 1119:1996 1111:18.0 1105:14.0 1099:1992 1076:Year 1050:0.06 1046:0.025 1043:0.39 1036:0.46 1026:0.74 1011:0.10 1004:0.78 997:0.86 987:0.95 931:2000 908:1996 885:1992 868:HC+NO 856:Year 816:0.03 810:0.55 799:0.02 793:0.46 776:0.16 770:0.78 767:5.45 759:0.10 753:0.66 736:0.15 695:2000 687:14.4 684:2.40 672:1996 649:1992 629:Test 623:Year 547:Date 500:Surat 463:NCR* 460:2019 452:2018 425:2017 417:2010 403:2010 381:2005 373:2003 351:2001 337:2000 323:Year 4887:2014 4854:2011 4824:2011 4788:2011 4757:2011 4731:2016 4669:2023 4639:2018 4613:2009 4567:2009 4429:2018 4404:2020 4358:2018 4332:2018 4266:2011 3992:xxi 3958:xix 3890:xvi 3856:xiv 3823:xii 3801:P:9 3714:500 3703:P:4 3691:vi. 3657:iv. 3647:120 3624:ii. 3571:(5) 3568:(4) 3565:(3) 3562:(2) 3559:(1) 3396:360 3388:360 3364:(c) 3298:3(a) 3284:350 3281:500 3129:kPa 2764:100 2747:200 2739:120 2733:120 2730:500 2707:SPM 2665:200 2500:710 2497:100 2494:150 2483:970 2480:100 2477:150 2463:150 2460:150 2408:0.7 2405:0.3 2402:9.2 2399:1.3 2396:3.5 2385:0.7 2382:0.3 2379:9.2 2376:1.3 2373:3.5 2362:0.7 2359:0.3 2356:9.2 2353:1.3 2350:3.5 2342:0.7 2339:0.5 2336:9.2 2333:1.3 2330:5.0 2319:0.7 2316:0.3 2313:9.2 2310:1.3 2307:3.5 2299:0.7 2296:0.6 2293:9.2 2290:1.3 2287:5.0 2276:1/m 2212:4.0 2206:3.5 2189:4.0 2183:5.0 2166:4.7 2160:5.0 2143:4.7 2137:5.0 2120:7.5 2114:5.5 2097:8.5 2091:5.5 2074:8.5 2068:5.5 2044:9.5 2038:5.5 2032:All 2008:9.0 2002:All 1981:3.5 1972:All 1682:and 1599:1.0 1593:1.0 1585:1.5 1579:1.5 1389:0.10 1387:0.08 1379:0.13 1372:1.81 1357:0.18 1355:0.15 1347:0.25 1345:0.20 1340:4.17 1171:7.0 1168:1.1 1165:4.0 1151:8.0 1148:1.1 1145:4.5 1108:3.5 1048:0.04 1041:0.33 1039:0.25 1034:0.39 1032:0.30 1024:0.63 1022:0.50 1009:0.07 1007:0.05 1002:0.65 1000:0.50 995:0.72 993:0.56 985:0.80 983:0.64 813:3.5 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