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diverse mix of retail shops in small and medium-sized towns and in individual districts of large cities and ensure that retail trade uses will be placed in locations to which people have good access by walking, bicycling and public transport. From the mid-1970s the
Netherlands has had policies in place to severely restrict the growth of large out-of-town retail developments. Germany has had federal planning regulations in place to restrict retail uses to designated areas since the 1960s. In addition, since the 1970s federal regulations have been in place specifying that developments above a certain size (1,200 m) be assessed regarding potential adverse effects. These federal regulations are further strengthened by regionally adopted regulations. This includes regulations specifying that new retail centers be limited to selling products not readily provided by shops at inner city/town center locations. In Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany, this approach not restricted to planning guidelines and is also supported by a ban on below-cost selling. This supports smaller shops by preventing large multiples from engaging in
280:
20th century, cycling had become an important means of transportation, and in the United States an increasingly popular form of recreation. Bicycling clubs for men and women spread across the U.S. and across
European countries. Cycling steadily became more important in Europe over the first half of the twentieth century, but it dropped off dramatically in the United States between 1900 and 1910. Automobiles became the preferred means of transportation. Over the 1920s, bicycles gradually became considered children's toys, and by 1940 most bicycles in the United States were made for children. For most of the twentieth century, the great majority of cycling in the UK took place on roads. Cycling is one of the modes of transport for
395:(including quality of infrastructure: cyclist "friendly" vs. cyclist "hostile"), trip-end facilities (particularly secure parking), retail policy, marketing the public image of cycling, integration with other transport modes, cycle training, terrain (hilly vs. flat), distance to destinations, levels of motorized transport and climate as well as cost. In developed countries cycling has to compete with, and work with, alternative transport modes such as private cars, public transport and walking. Thus cycling levels are not influenced just by the attractiveness of cycling alone, but also by what makes the competing modes more or less attractive.
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801:. Observers in some car-focused cultures have noted a tendency to perceive or portray people who use bicycles as members of a social "out-group" with attributed negative connotations. In such cultures, such attitudes are displayed in attacks on cyclists in the media. Common themes include blanket descriptions of cyclists as a group who do not pay taxes, who break the law and who have no, or reduced, "right" to use public roads.
40:
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529:(2007) states: "The basic tenet is 'public fronts and private backs'. Ideally, and certainly, in terms of crime prevention, back gardens should adjoin other back gardens or a secure communal space. ... If streets are bounded by back-garden fences or hedges, security problems can increase, drivers may be encouraged to speed, land is inefficiently used, and there is a lack of a sense of place."
50:
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distributing literature that emphasizes the danger of cycling on roads while failing to address attitudinal issues among the drivers of motor vehicles who are the main source of road danger. Some road safety authorities have been accused of having a deliberate policy of discouraging cycling as a means of reducing bicyclist casualty statistics. In 2003,
407:, more than half of all households do not own a car (the figure is even higher in Manhattan, over 75%), and walk/bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city. E-bike use was shown to increase the distance cycled for commuting as well as the amount of physical activity among E-bike users in seven European cities.
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scheme was focused on primary schoolchildren aged 8 and above. In this, children would start by gaining an off-road certificate working up to their on-road certificate by the age of ten. Initial training and examination took place on simulated road layouts within school playgrounds. This approach has
520:
There is evidence that people who live in such estates are heavier than people who live in places where walking and cycling are more convenient. It is also reported that the extra motor-traffic such communities generate tends to increase overall per-capita traffic casualty rates. Designs that propose
862:
the high levels of utility cycling also includes shopping trips e.g. 9% of all shopping trips in
Germany are by bicycle. It is arguable that this is related to policies that favour access to retail services by non-motorised modes. The Danish 1997 Planning Act requires that planning shall encourage a
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program, has modules aimed at all ages from children to adult beginners to more experienced adults. It is argued that such schemes do not just build confidence in the students but also make it more likely that parents will let their children cycle to school. Cycle training may also be offered in an
402:
1996 Census data, over 55% of cycling workers travelled 3 miles (4.8 km) or less, 27% 5 miles (8 km) or less and only 17% travelled more than 5 miles in their daily commute. It can be argued that factors that directly influence trip length or journey time are among the most
279:
The development of the safety bicycle was arguably the most important change in the history of the bicycle. It shifted their use and public perception from being a dangerous toy for sporting young men to being an everyday transport tool for men—and, crucially, women—of all ages. By the start of the
665:
Two themes predominate in cycling promotion 1) the benefits for the cyclist and 2) the benefits for society and the environment that may occur if more people choose to cycle. The benefits for the cyclist tend to focus issues like reduced journey times in congested urban conditions and the health
776:
Various interests may wish to portray a negative image of utility cycling on public roads for various reasons. Some governments, wishing to promote private car use, have organized and funded publicity designed to discourage road cycling. Official road safety organisations have been accused of
355:
at night can increase a cyclist's conspicuity, although these are not an alternative to a legally compliant lighting system. A report on the promotion of walking and cycling (Hydén, et al., 1999) discussed safety clothing and equipment and stated that "there is no doubt that both pedestrian
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attempt to overcome cultural unfamiliarity with cycling or perceived cultural obstacles to bicycle use. In the
Netherlands, some cycle training courses are targeted at women from immigrant communities, as a means of overcoming such obstacles to cycling by women from developing countries.
264:
that mobility not only entails the ability to travel, but also encompasses, more importantly, the possibility for the traveller to decide when and where to travel. In terms of this flexibility and cost, bicycles rank among the top choices for shorter distances, up to several kilometers.
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design, speed management, and the use of colour all provide varying degrees of separation and protection from other road users. There is, however, a lack of published evidence identifying a change in rates of collisions after implementation of cycling infrastructure.
516:
of progressively more "arterial" type roads. Such communities may discourage cycling by imposing unnecessary detours and forcing all cyclists onto arterial roads, which may be perceived as busy and dangerous, for all trips regardless of destination or purpose.
259:
besides walking - is the most sustainable kind of mobility and means of transportation, in some countries, cycling is still the mode of transport for the poor; in others, cycling is seen fit only for leisure purposes. In a 2010 document requested by the
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for cycle training which is more focussed on practical on-road training. This is part of
Cycling England's portfolio of practical assistance to local authorities and other bodies, aimed at achieving their aim of "More cycling, more safely, more often".
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It is arguable that in such a retail/planning policy environment use of bicycles ceases to be a viable option for many shoppers and access to a private motor-car or public transport becomes a necessary prerequisite for access to basic services.
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or special luggage carriers (including waterproof packing bags) enable the transport of goods and are used for shopping. Parents sometimes add rear-mounted child seats and/or an auxiliary saddle fitted to the crossbar to transport children.
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is the umbrella body for such groups in Europe. These associations may lobby various institutions to encourage political support or to oppose measures that they judge counter-productive, such as to oppose the introduction of compulsory
255:. After decades of relative stagnation in bicycle development, new technologies and materials are tried to further improve upon the environmental footprint of the bicycle. Even though it is recognized that cycling - the one foremost
223:
economic and social terms, or upon transport, mobility, environment and climate change, the economy and tourism. ... As a means of transport over short distances, cycling brings certain economic, environmental and health-related
640:
Cycling infrastructure attempts to maximise cyclists safety against the other road users. There is, however, a lack of published evidence identifying a change in rates of collisions after implementation of cycling infrastructure.
436:
has designated a set of five criteria for evaluating the friendliness of a town or city to bicycles. These criteria are classified under the headings of: Engineering, Encouragement, Evaluation and
Planning, Education, Enforcement.
543:
Cycling infrastructure attempts to maximise cyclists safety against the other road users. The risk of collision with other road users remains high due to speed differences and poor visibility. Infrastructure such as segregated
525:, have been proposed and built with varying levels of success. Particular issues have arisen with personal security and public order problems in some housing schemes using "back alley" or "back garden" type links. The UK
1695:
Legislative Tools for
Preserving Town Centres and Halting the Spread of Hypermarkets and Malls Outside of Cities: Land Use Legislation and Controls of Conflicts of Interest in Land Use Decision Making, by Ken Baar, PhD
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may have a key effect in deciding whether key destinations, schools, shops, colleges, health clinics, public transport interchanges remain within a reasonable cycling distance of the areas where people live. The
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Cycle training is another measure that is advocated as a means of maintaining or increasing levels of cycle use. The training involves teaching existing or potential cyclists bike handling, various roadcraft or
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1732:
Durning 1996 cited in Safe
Travels, Evaluating Mobility Management Traffic Safety Impacts by Todd Litman & Steven Fitzroy Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7,
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police officials released statements blaming cyclists as the cause of "gridlock" in the city and promoting plans to ban cyclists from the city streets. Starting in the 1970s, the authorities in the city of
384:
Many different factors combine to influence levels of utility cycling. In developing economies, a large amount of utility cycling may be seen simply because the bicycle is the most affordable form of
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tends to discourage cycling. In 1990, the Dutch adopted the "ABC" guidelines, specifically limiting developments that are major attractants to locations that are readily accessible by non-car users.
388:
transport available to many people. In richer countries, where people can have the choice of a mixture of transport types, a complex interplay of other factors influences the level of bicycle use.
1604:"Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities"
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Get on your bike! Bicycle- and traffic lessons for foreigners in
Tilburg, the Netherlands, Angela van der Kloof, Centre for Foreign Women, Velomondial Conference Proceedings, Amsterdam 2000
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Mulvaney, Caroline A; Smith, Sherie; Watson, Michael C; Parkin, John; Coupland, Carol; Miller, Philip; Kendrick, Denise; McClintock, Hugh (10 December 2015). Cochrane
Injuries Group (ed.).
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Decisions taken by various levels of government, as well as local groups, residents' organizations and public- and private-sector employers, can all affect the so-called "modal choice" or "
340:
of various types and load capacities may be towed to greatly increase cargo capacity. In many jurisdictions bicycles must be fitted with a bell; reflectors; and, after dark, front and rear
115:
Utility or "transportational" cycling generally involves traveling short and medium distances (several kilometres, not uncommonly 3–15 kilometres one way, or somewhat longer), often in an
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health and fitness issues - 4 hours of cycling per week or approximately 10 km of cycling per day, equivalent to the average cycle trip to and from work, is an adequate level of exercise.
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benefits which the cyclist obtains through regular exercise. Societal benefits focus on general environmental and public health issues. Promotional messages and tactics may include:
261:
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cyclists’ safety and security - the common space for cars and bicycles on the road is not complemented by the same rights and significantly higher risk of accidents for cyclists.
414:" in daily transport. In some cases, various factors may be manipulated in a manner that deliberately seeks to encourage or discourage various transport modes, including cycling.
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Grégory Vandenbulcke-Plasschaert, 2011. Spatial analysis of bicycle use and accident risks for cyclists. Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences,
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Schantz P, Salier Eriksson, J, Rosdahl, H. 2020. Perspectives on exercise intensity, volume and energy expenditure in habitual cycle commuting. Front. Sports Act. Living 2:65
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economic and social impacts - cycling provides transport to segments of the population who would not otherwise be able to travel independently for reasons of age (
446:
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The Groceries Order – Essential for Competition, Consumer Choice and Value, The Retail Grocery, Dairy And Allied Trades' Association, RGDATA, Dublin, Ireland, 2005
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and educating them on the safe, lawful use of the roads. Bicycle training schemes can be differentiated according to whether they are aimed at children or adults.
1555:. Transport research : Fourth framework programme : Urban transport : DG VII -- 75. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
123:(i.e. going to work, school or university), going shopping and running errands, as well as heading out to see friends and family or for other social activities.
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In the countryside, a growing number of inter-city bicycle paths connect the Netherlands' villages, towns and cities: some of these paths are part of the
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government directly favored the growth of out-of-town retail centers at the expense of established retail services in British towns and cities. The UK
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1899:(Press release). The Netherlands: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. Fietsberaad (Expertise Centre for Cycling Policy). 2009
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trips is to be achieved, sufficient retail services must be maintained within reasonable cycling distances of residential areas. In countries like
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As with other walks of life, utility cyclists may form associations in order to promote and develop cycling as an everyday form of transport. The
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TNO, the Dutch institute for applied scientific research. More bicycling to work lowers sickness absence and saves employers 27 millions euro
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Local bike-sharing schemes, a business which blossomed at the turn of the 21st century, are more oriented to utility cycling than other
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A Study on Measures to Promote Bicycle Usage in Japan, Hirotaka Koike, Akinori Morimoto, Kaoru Itoh, Department of Civil Engineering,
722:(when practised for more than a quarter of an hour a day at a moderate pace) and therefore improvement of individual and public health
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In developed countries with high utility cycling levels, utility cyclists tend to undertake relatively short journeys. According to
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Drivers' perceptions of cyclists, Basford, Reid, Lester, Thomson and Tolmie, TRL Report TRL549, Transport Research Laboratory, 2002
1951:
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tending to promote cycling. Alternatively, the low-density, non-circular (i.e., linear) settlement patterns characteristic of
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2018:"The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities"
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797:, the car industry's marketing efforts frequently try to associate the use of their product with a perception of increased
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ensuring best use of the space available (during trips and also while parked), therefore reducing congestion on the roads
580:, with 36% of the people listing the bicycle as their most frequent mode of transport on a typical day as opposed to the
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reflectors and bicycle helmets are reducing the injury risk of their users quite considerably", although this assertion
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837:- because of lack of transport facilities for the bicycles themselves (in trains, buses, etc.) for longer distances.
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Nearly 30,000 independent food, drink, and tobacco retailers, or over 40%, have been lost over the past decade.
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transport efficiency - cycling is the fastest and most flexible mode for 'door to door' travel, like in
486:, and long distances to necessities such as local employment, commerce, services or attractions, necessitating
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rather than as a sport or leisure activity. It is the original and most common type of cycling in the world.
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to resolve the contradiction between the cul-de-sac and the traditional interconnected network, such as the
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important in making cycling a competitive transport mode. Car ownership rates can also be influential. In
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keeping travel times predictable; in peak traffic, cycling can be the fastest way of moving around town
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in use (it has been estimated that in the early-1980s there were approximately 500 million cyclists in
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WALCYNG:How to enhance WALking and CYcliNG instead of shorter car trips and to make these modes safer
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Planning for Accessible and Sustainable Retail, The Town and Country Planning Association, July 2005
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Mueller, Natalie (2015). "Health impact assessment of active transportation: A systematic review".
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dynamo, brakes, and gears improved and increased the riding safety, allowing usage also for elderly
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that encourage utility cycling have been proposed and implemented for reasons including: improved
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help with parking. Front-mounted wicker or steel baskets for carrying goods are often used. Rear
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reminding people of the advantages in terms of health and of effectiveness of using the bicycle
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It also includes economic activity such as the delivering of goods or services. In cities, the
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will tend to be viable utility cycling environments. In contrast, other communities may use a
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is a type of housing development often criticized by city planners and architects due to poor
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weather conditions - rain and snow impact the unsheltered cyclist more than car drivers.
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prevent long coats, skirts, and other trailing clothes and items catching in the wheel.
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Up from 31% naming the bike their main mode of transport for daily activities in 2011.
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CTC submission to Choosing Health? A consultation on action to improve people’s health
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816:- roads are built for cars and bicycle paths are often in worse condition than roads.
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particularly where many small deliveries are required, especially in congested areas.
39:
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Cities are a hotbed for experimenting with new bicycle-based forms of mobility like
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1307:"Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review"
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and mudguards, or fenders, protect clothes and moving parts from oil and spray.
213:
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Putative source according to the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey
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and by making cycling routes shorter, quicker and more direct than car routes.
49:
17:
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1991:
1974:
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Ogilvie, David; Matt Egan; Val Hamilton; Mark Petticrew (22 September 2004).
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for which it is an immediate competitor in cities and for shorter distances.
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2195:, BUND Freunde der erde, Landesverband Berlin e.V (Accessed 28 October 2007)
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Rebecca Lemaire, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, April 2000
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60:
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1975:"The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities"
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2001:
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Between 1997 and 2002, specialized stores, including butchers, bakers,
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Utility cycling is known to have several social and economic benefits.
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Modern bicycle technology supports the shift towards utility cycling:
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This high modal share for bicycle travel is enabled by unusually flat
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avert conflicts with motorized traffic and safeguards utility cycling.
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have many standard features to enhance their usefulness and comfort.
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69:
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practices by aggressively discounting key goods to use as so-called
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2138:, CTC submission to the Wanless review, Cyclists Touring Club, 2004
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easy-running thick tires or damped springs allow cycling over curbs
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Trip length and journey times are key factors affecting cycle use.
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1750:"Cycling infrastructure for reducing cycling injuries in cyclists"
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1674:"Virgin Vacations – 11 Most Bicycle Friendly Cities in the World"
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is generally neglected in favor of a car-centric infrastructure.
809:
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A Certain Bicyclist: An Offbeat Guide to the Post-Petroleum Age
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Government helmet campaign could frighten cyclists off the road
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that notes a continuing process of change in retail provision.
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Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
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model where minor roads are disconnected and only feed into a
208:). As of 2000, there were an estimated 80 million bicycles in
151:
139:
2150:, CNN.Com Tuesday, 9 December 2003 (Accessed 28 October 2007)
1417:"Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?"
732:
the financial savings for society if general health improves
657:. Promotors may include official agencies and authorities.
493:
Settlements that provide a dense road network consisting of
1919:"The Netherlands, a great destination for cycling holidays"
1471:"Cycling Mobility – A Life Cycle Assessment Based Approach"
633:
In cities modal share for bicycles is even higher, such as
2320:
2223:
Bikeability – The new National Standard for Cycle Training
169:, individual health and employers' profits a reduction in
2298:
1979:
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
879:
From the 1980s to mid-1990s the UK operated a system of
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blaming them for traffic congestion among other things.
682:
making maps of journeys that can be completed by bicycle
1065:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1608:
Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
1551:
Hydén, C.; Nilsson, A.; Risser, R. (15 January 1999).
262:
European Parliament Committee on Transport and Tourism
915:, and newsagents, closed at the rate of 50 per week.
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Cycle Campaign Network News, Issue No. 65 July 2003
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Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
1421:
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
212:, accounting for 17% of commuter trips, and in the
2827:List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies
1402:Velomondial Conference Proceedings, Amsterdam 2000
592:of 27% of all trips (urban and rural) nationwide.
2295:The Art of Urban Cycling: Lessons from the Street
1072: – Unmotorised transport powered by activity
564:, reserved for bicycles specifically, as seen in
548:, advance stop lines, cycle routes and networks,
460:can influence these issues, compact and circular
34:combine certain BMX and mountain bike discplines.
380:Factors that influence levels of utility cycling
302:utility bicycle with chain guard and skirt guard
3202:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
2705:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
2124:Two-headed ministry threatens future of cycling
1834:"Why is cycling so popular in the Netherlands?"
1101:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
447:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
221:
1385:Chinese look to bicycle to cure car headache,
1368:China ends 'bicycle kingdom' as embracing cars
689:and harmful emissions by fewer people driving
391:Factors affecting cycling levels may include:
3362:
2992:
2896:
2336:
2237:, Cycling England, 2006 (Accessed 2007-02-22)
2225:, Cycling England, 2006 (Accessed 2007-02-22)
1469:Coelho, Margarida C.; Almeida, Diogo (2015).
753:means of transport, with the least pollution.
576:Cycling is a common mode of transport in the
111:Copenhagen inner city cycle traffic peak hour
8:
2235:More people cycling, more safely, more often
2183:Wheels of Justice (Accessed 2 December 2007)
1708:
1706:
1193: – How accessible a space is to walking
786:declared "war" on the "becak" or Indonesian
200:alone, there are an estimated four million
3369:
3355:
3347:
3102:
3018:
2999:
2985:
2977:
2903:
2889:
2881:
2343:
2329:
2321:
1041:electric support was further developed in
189:and social inclusiveness, and benefits to
3317:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
2080:
2043:
2033:
2000:
1990:
1773:
1629:
1619:
1486:
1432:
1332:
649:As with other activities, cycling can be
630:which reaches all corners of the nation.
347:The use by cyclists of vests or armbands
3043:Physically separated in-roadway bikeways
2847:List of films about bicycles and cycling
1691:
1689:
1687:
738:Further following positive aspects are:
236:Cycling mobility can be contrasted with
216:, 27% of all trips are made by bicycle.
3305:CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic
2259:
1754:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1511:"International Cycling Conference 2017"
1446:
1444:
1209:
934:"cyclecraft" skills (vehicular cycling)
908:are closing at the rate of one per day.
288:The bicycle and the cyclist's equipment
1529:
1527:
645:Marketing: the public image of cycling
2283:– Editor: Seven Palms Press (1985) –
1814:from the original on 8 September 2015
1743:
1741:
1739:
1319:(7469). BMJ Publishing Group: 763–0.
1300:
1298:
1296:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
895:Town and Country Planning Association
772:Negative marketing of utility cycling
32:UCI Urban Cycling World Championships
7:
3492:Public transport accessibility level
1009:Free bicycle/short term hire schemes
30:"Urban cycling" redirects here. The
1063: – Urban accessibility concept
1049:and eases the take up for untrained
885:with regard to retail policy. The "
846:If significant use of bicycles for
695:reducing demand for oil-based fuels
670:financial savings on transportation
325:can be used to carry items such as
1376:, 2004-11-11 (Accessed 2007-01-26)
251:and transport of bulky goods with
25:
3487:Passengers per hour per direction
2832:List of BMX bicycle manufacturers
2429:History of cycling infrastructure
2114:, Cheltenham cyclist, Summer 2003
1874:from the original on 7 March 2014
1723:UK Department for Transport, 2007
948:now been supplemented by the new
130:is often a familiar feature, and
3331:
3330:
2865:
2864:
1577:Université Catholique de Louvain
1475:Transportation Research Procedia
1415:; Vanessa Daniel (August 2004).
424:distribution using a bicycle in
2852:List of doping cases in cycling
2837:List of bicycle-sharing systems
2160:The Becak: A Re(d)ordered Cycle
2035:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224
95:and a major part of individual
91:is one of the various types of
2301:; 1st edition (1 July 2004) –
1766:10.1002/14651858.CD010415.pub2
1657:"bicyclefriendlycommunity.org"
1456:European Parliament Think Tank
749:environmental benefits - most
230:European Parliament Think Tank
134:are capable of competing with
1:
3022:Separated in-roadway bikeways
2148:Travel: Bike ban for Shanghai
1807:. December 2014. p. 11.
998:European Cyclists' Federation
962:League of American Bicyclists
661:Positive marketing of cycling
434:League of American Bicyclists
64:Mangoes for sale loaded on a
3446:Transit-oriented development
1894:"Cycling in the Netherlands"
1452:"Cycling mobility in the EU"
1276:"Cycling in the Netherlands"
1047:electric power-assist system
729:crisis facing rich countries
725:using cycling to tackle the
624:Dutch National Cycle Network
219:Cycling has been considered
2073:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.04.010
2022:Global Environmental Change
1944:"Cycling facts and figures"
1923:Nederland Fietsland website
1798:Quality of Transport report
1583:, November 2011, 318 pages.
1488:10.1016/j.trpro.2015.09.094
1325:10.1136/bmj.38216.714560.55
875:Alternative retail policies
702:effect if more people cycle
358:is not universally accepted
27:Bicycling as transportation
3549:
3395:Transportation forecasting
3086:Bicycles May Use Full Lane
3059:Shared in-roadway bikeways
2546:Sports-related cycling and
1858:Future of Transport report
1621:10.1016/j.trip.2019.100017
1535:"The Promotion of Cycling"
1012:
945:National Cycle Proficiency
626:, a network of routes for
536:
444:
272:
83:done simply as a means of
29:
3441:Green transport hierarchy
3385:
3326:
3187:Bicycle poverty reduction
3081:Shared bus and cycle lane
2921:
2860:
2690:Bicycle poverty reduction
2358:
2016:Brand, Christian (2021).
1992:10.1016/j.trd.2021.102764
1973:Brand, Christian (2021).
1867:. March 2011. p. 8.
1700:, New York NY 10001, 2002
1434:10.1016/j.tra.2004.05.003
808:lack of or inadequacy of
793:As with other sellers of
763:), poverty, insufficient
287:
2725:Bike Week (Bicycle Week)
1481:. Elsevier BV: 443–451.
1427:(7). Elsevier: 531–550.
1358:accessed 1 February 2009
899:New Economics Foundation
568:in the Netherlands. The
3533:Transportation planning
3379:transportation planning
2181:Anti-cyclist media bias
1312:British Medical Journal
1141:Human-powered transport
1027:Influence of technology
613:protected intersections
196:In the Chinese city of
3262:Protected intersection
3237:Cycling infrastructure
3008:Cycling infrastructure
2931:Cycling infrastructure
2760:Protected intersection
2740:Cycling infrastructure
2482:Bicycle-sharing system
2424:History of the bicycle
1645:www.stadtlogistik.info
1161:Cycling infrastructure
1015:Bicycle-sharing system
993:
967:courses, based on the
897:cites research by the
818:Cycling infrastructure
804:Negative aspects are:
720:cardiovascular disease
601:cycling infrastructure
588:by 11%. Cycling has a
573:
539:Cycling infrastructure
533:Cycling infrastructure
490:
429:
376:
303:
275:History of the bicycle
234:
112:
73:
57:
46:
3528:Sustainable transport
3467:Automobile dependency
2822:List of bicycle types
2806:Sustainable transport
2565:Cross-country cycling
2548:fast-paced recreation
2387:General and technical
2067:. Elsevier: 103–114.
1400:Utsunomiya University
1228:Yale University Press
983:
965:Smart Cycling 101/201
943:, the now superseded
718:lowering the risk of
559:
474:
420:
366:
295:
110:
63:
52:
42:
3390:Land use forecasting
2028:. Elsevier: 102224.
1678:virgin-vacations.com
1223:Bicycle: the History
889:" philosophy of the
822:bicycle-friendliness
767:infrastructure, etc.
296:A traditional Dutch
44:Cycling in Amsterdam
3313:(England and Wales)
3222:Bike Week (cycling)
3177:Bicycle Master Plan
3034:Shared lane marking
3015:In-roadway bikeways
2966:Bicycle cooperative
2632:Road bicycle racing
2502:Cold-weather biking
2477:Bicycle rental/hire
2414:Bicycle performance
2061:Preventive Medicine
1948:I amsterdam website
1865:European Commission
1805:European Commission
510:housing subdivision
462:settlement patterns
179:road traffic safety
146:can also provide a
3460:Modal measurements
3451:Pedestrian village
3311:Manual for Streets
3153:Health, safety and
3099:Right-of-way paths
2786:Bicycle collecting
2661:Health, safety and
1713:Manual for Streets
1602:Castro, A (2019).
1146:Outline of cycling
994:
574:
491:
430:
377:
304:
177:, improvements in
171:traffic congestion
113:
74:
58:
47:
3510:
3509:
3405:Trip distribution
3344:
3343:
3286:Design guidelines
3277:Vehicular cycling
3148:
3147:
3094:
3093:
3076:Bicycle boulevard
3071:Light segregation
2974:
2973:
2941:Bicycle commuting
2936:Vehicular cycling
2878:
2877:
2770:Vehicular cycling
2537:Vehicular cycling
2472:Bicycle messenger
2467:Bicycle commuting
2315:978-0-7627-2783-4
1721:978-0-7277-3501-0
1186:Vehicular cycling
1081:Bicycle commuting
1043:motorized bicycle
976:User associations
969:Effective Cycling
950:National Standard
887:great car economy
865:predatory pricing
761:student transport
744:bicycle commuting
700:safety in numbers
282:student transport
249:electric bicycles
238:mass automobility
191:child development
117:urban environment
93:private transport
16:(Redirected from
3540:
3477:Cycling mobility
3436:Bicycle friendly
3415:Route assignment
3371:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3334:
3333:
3232:Cycling advocacy
3217:Bike-to-Work Day
3167:Bicycle-friendly
3135:Bicycle stairway
3103:
3019:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2868:
2867:
2842:List of cyclists
2735:Cycling advocacy
2720:Bike-to-Work Day
2675:Bicycle-friendly
2555:Artistic cycling
2497:Challenge riding
2458:Utility and slow
2419:Electric bicycle
2409:Bicycle geometry
2404:Bicycle dynamics
2345:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2267:
2264:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:Shopping by bike
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2037:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1950:. Archived from
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1862:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1846:on 7 March 2014.
1842:. Archived from
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1802:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1710:
1701:
1693:
1682:
1681:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:Louvain-la-Neuve
1573:
1567:
1566:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1383:
1377:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1272:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1214:
1131:Cycling advocacy
1091:Bicycle-friendly
1066:
765:public transport
751:energy efficient
586:public transport
527:Manual for Roads
514:street hierarchy
375:delivering bread
323:luggage carriers
307:Utility bicycles
232:
148:public transport
89:Cycling mobility
79:encompasses any
21:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3523:Utility cycling
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3472:Bicycle counter
3455:
3431:Automotive city
3419:
3400:Trip generation
3381:
3375:
3345:
3340:
3322:
3281:
3182:Bicycle parking
3162:Active mobility
3154:
3144:
3125:Bicycle highway
3120:Shared-use path
3090:
3054:
3038:
3010:
3005:
2975:
2970:
2956:Bicycle trailer
2946:Utility bicycle
2917:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2856:
2810:
2774:
2685:Bicycle parking
2670:Active mobility
2662:
2656:
2652:Unicycle trials
2647:Unicycle hockey
2610:Mountain biking
2547:
2541:
2532:Utility cycling
2527:Utility bicycle
2487:Bicycle touring
2459:
2453:
2399:Bicycle culture
2382:
2354:
2349:
2279:Paul Niquette,
2276:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1711:
1704:
1694:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:Umweltbundesamt
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1283:Rijkswaterstaat
1278:
1274:
1273:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1136:Fuel efficiency
1096:Bicycle trailer
1086:Bicycle culture
1076:Bicycle carrier
1070:Active mobility
1064:
1056:
1029:
1017:
1011:
978:
929:
877:
844:
814:infrastructures
774:
715:cyclist health
707:noise pollution
688:
685:reduction of CO
663:
647:
637:which has 38%.
628:bicycle tourism
617:bicycle parking
541:
535:
449:
443:
382:
351:in daylight or
327:school satchels
290:
277:
271:
257:active mobility
245:bicycle sharing
233:
228:
183:quality of life
128:bicycle courier
105:
77:Utility cycling
53:Bike riders in
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Bicycle traffic
15:
12:
11:
5:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3424:Modes favoured
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Lane splitting
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:Bicycle safety
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3155:infrastructure
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3140:Bicycle tunnel
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2765:Tegelijk groen
2762:
2757:
2755:Lane splitting
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Bicycle safety
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2663:infrastructure
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2605:Gravel cycling
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Cycle speedway
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Indoor cycling
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2439:Tandem bicycle
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2293:Robert Hurst,
2291:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2051:
2008:
1965:
1954:on 12 May 2014
1935:
1910:
1885:
1849:
1825:
1789:
1735:
1725:
1702:
1683:
1665:
1648:
1637:
1594:
1585:
1568:
1561:
1543:
1523:
1502:
1461:
1458:. 20 May 2015.
1440:
1413:Rietveld, Piet
1404:
1391:
1378:
1360:
1348:
1292:
1258:
1247:
1240:
1218:Herlihy, David
1208:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1181:Urban vitality
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1151:Police bicycle
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:Car dependency
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1061:15 minute city
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
1003:bicycle helmet
977:
974:
928:
927:Cycle training
925:
920:
919:
916:
909:
906:General stores
876:
873:
843:
840:
839:
838:
831:
828:
825:
795:consumer goods
788:cycle rickshaw
773:
770:
769:
768:
757:
754:
747:
736:
735:
734:
733:
730:
723:
713:
710:
709:in urban areas
703:
696:
693:
691:motor vehicles
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
662:
659:
646:
643:
537:Main article:
534:
531:
506:housing estate
495:interconnected
488:car dependency
445:Main article:
442:
439:
422:Last kilometer
381:
378:
289:
286:
273:Main article:
270:
267:
226:
119:. It includes
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3545:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:Traffic count
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
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3462:
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3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
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3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
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3380:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3307:(Netherlands)
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
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3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
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3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Bike registry
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Bicycle rodeo
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
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3077:
3074:
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3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
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3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
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3009:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
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2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
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2871:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
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2833:
2830:
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2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
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2813:
2807:
2804:
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2792:
2789:
2787:
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2783:
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2758:
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2741:
2738:
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2731:
2728:
2726:
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2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Bike registry
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Bicycle rodeo
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
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2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Track cycling
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Cyclosportive
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Randonneuring
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
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2473:
2470:
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2465:
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2440:
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2400:
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2341:
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2327:
2326:
2323:
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2308:
2307:0-7627-2783-7
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2300:
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2290:
2289:0-912593-04-0
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2207:
2201:
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2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
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2082:10044/1/56553
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2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2045:10044/1/89043
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
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1889:
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1631:10044/1/77527
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1241:0-300-10418-9
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1137:
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1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Critical Mass
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
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1089:
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1005:legislation.
1004:
999:
992:
988:
987:
982:
975:
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966:
963:
959:
958:United States
954:
951:
946:
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904:
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888:
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883:
882:laissez-faire
874:
872:
870:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:Retail policy
841:
836:
835:intermodality
832:
829:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:
805:
802:
800:
799:social status
796:
791:
789:
785:
780:
771:
766:
762:
758:
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748:
745:
741:
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530:
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518:
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503:
499:
496:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:Tract housing
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
454:
453:Town planning
448:
441:Town planning
440:
438:
435:
427:
423:
419:
415:
413:
408:
406:
405:New York City
401:
396:
394:
393:town planning
389:
387:
379:
374:
370:
365:
361:
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199:
194:
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188:
184:
180:
176:
175:air pollution
172:
168:
167:public health
164:
159:
157:
153:
150:service like
149:
145:
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137:
133:
129:
124:
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100:
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90:
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67:
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51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3242:Hand signals
3130:Bicycle lift
2961:Bike sharing
2926:Road cycling
2911:
2745:Hand signals
2531:
2522:Road cycling
2434:Balance bike
2294:
2280:
2274:Bibliography
2262:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2025:
2021:
2011:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1947:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1852:
1844:the original
1837:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1792:
1757:
1753:
1728:
1677:
1668:
1651:
1640:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1588:
1571:
1552:
1546:
1540:. ECF. 2010.
1505:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1455:
1424:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1381:
1371:
1363:
1351:
1316:
1310:
1250:
1222:
1212:
1166:Shared space
1116:City bicycle
1030:
1021:bike rentals
1018:
995:
984:
964:
955:
949:
944:
938:
930:
921:
880:
878:
869:loss leaders
845:
812:and parking
803:
792:
775:
737:
664:
648:
639:
632:
621:
609:cycle tracks
599:, excellent
594:
575:
569:
542:
526:
519:
492:
466:urban sprawl
450:
431:
409:
397:
390:
383:
373:Buenos Aires
346:
331:
315:Skirt guards
311:Chain guards
305:
297:
278:
242:
235:
222:
218:
195:
160:
125:
114:
88:
76:
75:
36:
3502:Walkability
3482:Modal share
3410:Mode choice
3227:Cyclability
3172:Bicycle law
3050:Cycle track
2801:Quadracycle
2791:Cycling kit
2730:Cyclability
2680:Bicycle law
2580:Cyclo-cross
2575:Cycle sport
2002:10230/53376
1928:14 December
1818:29 December
1387:Irish Times
1373:China Daily
1230:. pp.
1191:Walkability
1156:Quadracycle
1126:Cyclability
989:station in
913:fishmongers
856:Netherlands
605:cycle paths
590:modal share
584:by 45% and
578:Netherlands
546:cycle lanes
484:walkability
480:cyclability
412:modal split
349:fluorescent
253:cargo bikes
214:Netherlands
185:, improved
181:, improved
132:cargo bikes
3517:Categories
3252:Idaho stop
2951:Cargo bike
2796:Pentacycle
2750:Idaho stop
2627:Pump track
2600:Goldsprint
2512:Rail trail
2492:Cargo bike
2460:recreation
2297:– Editor:
1985:: 102764.
1863:(Report).
1803:(Report).
1614:: 100017.
1562:9282849422
1389:2006-06-17
1204:References
597:topography
550:roundabout
523:Fused Grid
502:cul-de-sac
458:urban form
353:reflective
319:Kickstands
3267:Road diet
3247:Hook turn
3207:Bike rage
3107:Bike path
3066:Bike lane
3029:Bike lane
2710:Bike rage
2642:Triathlon
2590:Fatbiking
2367:Outlines
1497:2352-1465
1197:Xtracycle
1176:Tweed Run
1106:Boda-boda
991:Barcelona
712:amusement
655:marketing
635:Amsterdam
428:, Austria
386:vehicular
224:benefits.
144:Velotaxis
121:commuting
85:transport
3336:Category
3115:Greenway
2870:Category
2615:Downhill
2595:Freeride
2449:Unicycle
2444:Tricycle
2371:Bicycles
2363:Glossary
2099:26016523
2091:25900805
1869:Archived
1839:BBC News
1809:Archived
1784:26661390
1343:15385407
1220:(2004).
1171:Tricycle
1054:See also
891:Thatcher
848:shopping
779:Shanghai
705:reduced
651:promoted
615:, ample
603:such as
570:Fietspad
369:delibike
338:Trailers
333:Panniers
299:omafiets
227:—
202:bicycles
187:mobility
163:Policies
156:taxicabs
103:Overview
97:mobility
3272:Sharing
2915:cycling
2912:Utility
2394:Bicycle
2376:Cycling
2352:Cycling
1878:11 July
1775:8629647
1520:. 2017.
956:In the
939:In the
860:Germany
852:Denmark
784:Jakarta
727:obesity
566:Utrecht
562:bikeway
504:based,
498:streets
269:History
198:Beijing
81:cycling
72:, India
66:bicycle
55:Beijing
3377:Urban
3293:AASHTO
2620:Trials
2313:
2305:
2299:Falcon
2287:
2097:
2089:
1903:9 July
1782:
1772:
1760:(12).
1733:CANADA
1719:
1559:
1495:
1341:
1334:520994
1331:
1238:
986:Bicing
960:, the
854:, the
426:Vienna
342:lights
136:trucks
70:Guntur
3299:NACTO
2815:Lists
2779:Other
2254:Notes
2095:S2CID
1958:9 May
1897:(PDF)
1872:(PDF)
1861:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1660:(PDF)
1538:(PDF)
1514:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
833:poor
400:Irish
210:Japan
206:China
152:buses
3319:(US)
3301:(US)
3295:(US)
2311:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2087:PMID
1960:2014
1930:2013
1905:2014
1880:2015
1820:2016
1780:PMID
1758:2015
1717:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1493:ISSN
1339:PMID
1236:ISBN
858:and
820:and
810:road
698:the
482:and
432:The
173:and
154:and
140:vans
138:and
2560:BMX
2077:hdl
2069:doi
2040:hdl
2030:doi
1997:hdl
1987:doi
1770:PMC
1762:doi
1626:hdl
1616:doi
1483:doi
1429:doi
1329:PMC
1321:doi
1317:329
1045:or
653:by
582:car
371:in
360:.
68:in
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2093:.
2085:.
2075:.
2065:76
2063:.
2038:.
2026:67
2024:.
2020:.
1995:.
1983:93
1981:.
1977:.
1946:.
1921:.
1836:.
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1768:.
1756:.
1752:.
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1999::
1989::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
