1249:
2022:
1444:
1453:
1200:
63:
447:
261:
394:
376:
365:
346:
335:
324:
313:
302:
284:
183:
2009:
434:
421:
409:
249:
236:
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1049:
1741:
2814:
5734:
6727:
2630:
eventual promotions and the various rewards or preference* shown to them within the hierarchy of the Third Reich on the strength of having served time in prison for actions undertaken on behalf of the party underline their significance as exemplars of Nazism, and particularly of 'the Old
Fighters' who had already pledged allegiance to Hitler by the time of the first strike against the Republic.
4435:
2216:
1912:
2800:
2986:
Republic cannot apply to a man who thinks and feels as German as Hitler, who voluntarily served for four and a half years in the German army at war, who attained high military honours through outstanding bravery in the face of the enemy, was wounded, suffered other damage to his health, and was released from the military into the control of the district
Command Munich I."
1307:('blood flag'), which was stained with the blood of two SA members who were shot: the flag bearer Heinrich Trambauer, who was badly wounded, and Andreas Bauriedl, who fell dead onto the fallen flag. A bullet killed Scheubner-Richter. Göring was shot in the leg, but escaped. The rest of the Nazis scattered or were arrested. Hitler was arrested two days later.
2163:
2088:(9 November, literally 'the ninth of the eleventh') became one of the most important dates on the Nazi calendar, especially following the seizure of power in 1933. Annually until the fall of Nazi Germany, the putsch would be commemorated nationwide, with the major events taking place in Munich. On the night of 8 November, Hitler would address the
2082:(given to those joining the party c. 1943), they are listed first even though the book lists hundreds of other dead. The header text in the book read "Though they are dead for their acts they will live on forever." The army had a division named the Feldherrnhalle Regiment, and there was also an SA Feldherrnhalle Division.
919:", abbreviated DAP). Hitler joined the DAP on 12 September 1919. He soon realised that he was in agreement with many of the underlying tenets of the DAP, and rose to its top post in the ensuing chaotic political atmosphere of postwar Munich. By agreement, Hitler assumed the political leadership of a number of Bavarian
1220:, returned to the main hall's podium, where they gave speeches and shook hands. The crowd was then allowed to leave the hall. In a tactical mistake, Hitler decided to leave the Bürgerbräukeller shortly thereafter to deal with a crisis elsewhere. Around 22:30, Ludendorff released Kahr and his associates.
1878:
Scheubner-Richter was walking arm-in-arm with Hitler during the putsch; he was shot in the lungs and died instantly. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's shoulder when he fell. He was the only significant Nazi leader to die during the putsch. Of all the party members who died in the putsch,
1613:
One of Hitler's greatest worries at the trial was that he was at risk of being deported back to his native
Austria by the Bavarian government. The trial judge, Neithardt, was sympathetic toward Hitler and held that the relevant laws of the Weimar Republic could not be applied to a man "who thinks and
1318:
wrote: "The World War hero had refused to have anything to do with him ever since he had fled from in front of the
Feldherrnhalle after the volley of bullets during the Beer Hall Putsch." However, when a consignment of papers relating to Landsberg prison (including the visitor book) was later sold
1128:
and others (some 20 in all), advanced through the crowded auditorium. Unable to be heard above the crowd, Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and jumped on a chair, yelling: "The national revolution has broken out! The hall is surrounded by six hundred men. Nobody is allowed to leave." He went on to
1072:
government. But circumstances differed from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realisation that Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into
816:
The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments. Hitler was found
2985:
The court explained why it rejected the deportation of Hitler under the terms of the
Protection of the Republic Act: "Hitler is a German-Austrian. He considered himself to be a German. In the opinion of the court, the meaning and the terms of section 9, para II of the Law for the Protection of the
1223:
The Bund
Oberland, under the command of Max Ritter von Müller, was sent to seize weapons from the Army Engineer Barracks under the pretence of performing training manoeuvres. Oskar Cantzler, captain of the 1st company of the 7th Engineer Battalion, did not believe them, but allowed them to perform
2629:
who had been executed by French authorities in May of 1923. Evidence connecting Kadow to
Schlageter's discovery, arrest and execution was later found to be utterly lacking. Thus--while these two were not actually present in the ranks of the stormtroopers on the night of the Putsch--their actions,
1897:
was Karl Kuhn (born 7 July 1875), a head waiter in a restaurant. Allegedly he took part in the putsch as a member of the
Freikorps Oberland, and was fatally shot by the police. In reality, Kuhn was an innocent bystander. He was working as a waiter in a nearby restaurant when he stepped outside to
1577:
was the mildest of the three types of jail sentence available in German law at the time; it excluded forced labour, provided reasonably comfortable cells, and allowed the prisoner to receive visitors almost daily for many hours. This was the customary sentence for those whom the judge believed to
1545:
Hitler's trial began on 26 February 1924 and lasted until 1 April 1924. Lossow acted as chief witness for the prosecution. Hitler moderated his tone for the trial, centring his defence on his selfless devotion to the good of the people and the need for bold action to save them, dropping his usual
1132:
Hitler, accompanied by Hess, Lenk, and Graf, ordered the triumvirate of Kahr, Seisser and Lossow into an adjoining room at gunpoint and demanded they support the putsch and accept the government positions he assigned them. Hitler had promised Lossow a few days earlier that he would not attempt a
1274:
By mid-morning on 9 November, Hitler realised that the putsch was going nowhere. The putschists did not know what to do and were about to give up. At this moment, Ludendorff cried out, "Wir marschieren!" ('We will march!'). Röhm's force together with Hitler's (a total of approximately 2000 men)
1447:
1 April 1924. Defendants in the Beer Hall Putsch trial. From left to right: Pernet, Weber, Frick, Kriebel, Ludendorff, Hitler, Bruckner, Röhm, and Wagner. Note that only two of the defendants (Hitler and Frick) were wearing civilian clothes. All those in uniform are carrying swords, indicating
1589:
Although the trial was the first time that Hitler's oratory was insufficient, he used the trial as an opportunity to spread his ideas by giving speeches in the courtroom. The event was extensively covered in the newspapers the next day. The judges were impressed (Presiding Judge
Neithardt was
1421:
and composed a proclamation calling upon all police officers, members of the armed forces, and civil servants to remain loyal to the government. The action of these few men spelt doom for those attempting the putsch. The next day the archbishop and
Rupprecht visited Kahr and persuaded him to
1182:
and Adolf Lenk. He followed up on Göring's speech and stated that the action was not directed at the police and Reichswehr, but against "the Berlin Jew government and the November criminals of 1918". Dr. Karl Alexander von Mueller, a professor of modern history and political science at the
1211:
You can see that what motivates us is neither self-conceit nor self-interest, but only a burning desire to join the battle in this grave eleventh hour for our German Fatherland ... One last thing I can tell you. Either the German revolution begins tonight or we will all be dead by
1133:
coup, but now thought that he would get an immediate response of affirmation from them, imploring Kahr to accept the position of Regent of Bavaria. Kahr replied that he could not be expected to collaborate, especially as he had been taken out of the auditorium under heavy guard.
2633:†† Though Helene Hanfstaengl was not in the streets during the main action of the Putsch, it was to the Hanfstaengl's residence that Hitler fled after the collapse of the rebellion and it was she who prevented him from committing suicide when the police arrived to arrest him.
1224:
the manoeuvres inside the building. He locked the building with the 400 men inside and positioned two machine guns at the entrance. Hitler attempted to have the men released, but Cantzler refused. Hitler considered using artillery to destroy the building but chose not to.
1191:
I cannot remember in my entire life such a change in the attitude of a crowd in a few minutes, almost a few seconds ... Hitler had turned them inside out, as one turns a glove inside out, with a few sentences. It had almost something of hocus-pocus, or magic about
853:, where hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of people would socialise in the evenings, drink beer and participate in political and social debates. Such beer halls also became the hosts of occasional political rallies. One of Munich's largest beer halls was the
2142:(administrative region of Germany) was also expected to hold a small remembrance ceremony. As material given to propagandists said, the 16 fallen were the first losses and the ceremony was an occasion to commemorate everyone who had died for the movement.
837:. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing
2189:
Den Mitgliedern der Bayerischen Landespolizei, die beim Einsatz gegen die Nationalsozialistischen Putschisten am 9.11.1923 Ihr Leben ließen. ('To the members of the Bavarian Police, who gave their lives opposing the National Socialist coup on 9 November
1648:
The process of "combination", wherein the conservative-nationalist-monarchist group thought that its members could piggyback on, and control, the National Socialist movement to garner the seats of power, was to repeat itself ten years later in 1933 when
1794:. Bauriedl was hit in the abdomen, killing him and causing him to fall on the Nazi flag, which had fallen to the ground when its flagbearer, Heinrich Trambauer, was severely wounded. Bauriedl's blood-soaked flag later became the Nazi relic known as the
1586:(disciplinary prison). In the end, Hitler served just over eight months of this sentence before his early release for good behaviour. Prison officials allegedly wanted to give Hitler deaf guards, to prevent him from persuading them to free him.
2130:. With the outbreak of war in 1939, security concerns caused the re-enactment of the march to be suspended, never to be resumed. However, Hitler continued to deliver his 8 November speech through 1943. In 1944, Hitler skipped the event and
2134:
spoke in his place. As the war went on, residents of Munich came increasingly to dread the approach of the anniversary, concerned that the presence of the top Nazi leaders in their city would act as a magnet for Allied bombers.
6810:
522:
5007:
4439:
1241:
barracks by soldiers and state police; shots were fired, but there were no fatalities on either side. Encountering heavy resistance, Röhm and his men were forced to fall back. In the meantime, the
1361:, "a sorry figure of a man". He was determined to put down the putsch with or without Lossow. Danner set up a command post at the 19th Infantry Regiment barracks and alerted all military units.
1341:
of the state police. He immediately called all his green police units and had them seize the central telegraph office and the telephone exchange, although his most important act was to notify
6246:
2174:
removed the bodies from the Ehrentempels and contacted their families. They were given the option of having their loved ones buried in Munich cemeteries in unmarked graves or having them
515:
5846:
1538:, a Bavarian federalist, was to have addressed, and the Nazi troublemakers were arrested as a result. Hitler ended up serving just over a month of a three-month jail sentence. Judge
6453:
6381:
6234:
884:
by its own government, particularly as the German Army was popularly thought to have been undefeated in the field. For the defeat, Hitler scapegoated civilian leaders, Jews and
6325:
1231:
were scurrying around to arm themselves from secret caches, and seizing buildings. At around 03:00, the first casualties of the putsch occurred when the local garrison of the
6770:
1325:
on 23 June 2006; the new information (which came out more than 30 years after Shirer wrote his book, and which Shirer did not have access to) nullifies Shirer's statement.
2070:('And you triumphed nevertheless!'). Behind it, flowers were laid, and either policemen or the SS stood guard between a lower plaque. Passers-by were required to give the
508:
6258:
5235:
1890:, were shot down accidentally in a burst of machine gun fire during the occupation of the War Ministry as the result of a misunderstanding with II/Infantry Regiment 19.
1402:
891:
Hitler remained in the army in Munich after the war. He participated in various "national thinking" courses, organised by the Education and Propaganda Department of the
1417:), when he learned of the putsch. He immediately telephoned Kahr. When he found the man vacillating and unsure, Matt made plans to set up a rump government-in-exile in
1196:
Hitler ended his speech with: "Outside are Kahr, Lossow and Seisser. They are struggling hard to reach a decision. May I say to them that you will stand behind them?"
1227:
The night was marked by confusion and unrest among government officials, armed forces, police units, and individuals deciding where their loyalties lay. Units of the
5772:
1248:
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532:
54:
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This was not the first time Hitler had been in trouble with the law. In an incident in September 1921, he and some men of the SA had disrupted a meeting of the
1143:
were dispatched to pick up Ludendorff, whose personal prestige was being harnessed to give the Nazis credibility. A telephone call was made from the kitchen by
6340:
6335:
6330:
1606:, though found guilty, were released. Göring, meanwhile, had fled after suffering a bullet wound to his leg, which led him to become increasingly dependent on
6393:
6186:
2106:), followed the next day by a re-enactment of the march through the streets of Munich. The event would climax with a ceremony recalling the 16 killed on the
992:
formed a ruling triumvirate. Hitler announced that he would hold 14 mass meetings beginning on 27 September 1923. Afraid of the potential disruption, one of
1443:
6647:
6162:
2021:
1590:
inclined to favouritism towards the defendants prior to the trial), and as a result, Hitler served just over eight months in prison and was fined 500
6459:
5831:
5012:
1806:
Wilhelm Ehrlich, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 8 August 1894. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party. Previous participant in the Kapp Putsch.
108:
1487:. Some of his fellow conspirators, including Rudolf Hess, were also arrested, while others, including Hermann Göring and Ernst Hanfstaengl, escaped to
1275:
marched out – but with no specific destination. On the spur of the moment, Ludendorff led them to the Bavarian Defence Ministry. However, at the
6465:
6282:
4221:
1871:
Lorenz Ritter von Stransky-Griffenfeld, engineer and World War I veteran, born 14 March 1889. Member of the Freikorps, Nazi Party, and Sturmabteilung.
1383:
5714:
5440:
4077:
3042:
1199:
62:
566:
6795:
5169:
1452:
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806:, in the city centre, but were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the deaths of 15 Nazis, four police officers, and one bystander.
6240:
6192:
5524:
5174:
5133:
5077:
3010:
2159:('honour temples') had been constructed. In each of the structures, eight of the dead Nazis were interred in a sarcophagus bearing their name.
1829:
Kurt Neubauer, valet for Erich Ludendorff and World War I veteran, born 27 March 1899 in Hopfengarten, Kreis Bernberg. Member of the Freikorps.
1184:
6441:
5905:
5836:
5529:
4357:
4335:
4262:
4023:
3967:
3438:
3218:
3133:
668:
5039:
4981:
4406:
556:
5126:
2582:
2411:
1822:
Karl Laforce, engineering student, born 28 October 1904; the youngest to die in the putsch. Member of the Nazi Party, Sturmabteilung, and
6765:
6585:
6447:
5765:
5420:
5413:
4040:
2202:
unveiled a memorial plaque at the Munich Residence, after which the base plate was removed in 2011 and handed over to the city museum.
561:
5455:
5377:
4972:
4653:
2832:
6369:
6350:
5465:
4385:
4293:
4136:
4113:
4049:
3578:
3409:
3371:
3160:
2263:
2237:
1995:
1929:
809:
Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with
703:
5508:
5308:
1844:
1364:
Meanwhile, Captain Karl Wild, learning of the putsch from marchers, mobilised his command to guard Kahr's government building, the
1319:
at auction, it was noted that Ludendorff had visited Hitler a number of times. The case of the resurfacing papers was reported in
5313:
3726:
2506:
2465:
1530:
4198:
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6671:
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1976:
1861:
1410:
1140:
1117:
998:'s first actions was to ban the announced meetings, placing Hitler under pressure to act. The Nazis, with other leaders in the
350:
143:
Hitler and the Nazi Party planned to seize Munich and use the city as a base for a march against Germany's national government.
5811:
678:
6755:
6689:
6387:
5758:
5485:
5435:
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1948:
1933:
1469:
1175:
606:
6495:
6270:
1163:, another beer hall, and he was ordered to seize key buildings throughout the city. At the same time, co-conspirators under
1431:
to lay wreaths. They continued to riot until 9 November, when they learned of Hitler's arrest. Kahr and Lossow were called
6707:
6683:
6471:
4284:
3876:
586:
551:
2178:, a common practice in Germany for unclaimed bodies. On 9 January 1947, the upper parts of the structures were blown up.
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6319:
5367:
5121:
4452:
3779:
2592:
2113:
1955:
693:
5946:
4788:
3457:
2605:
1068:. From 22 to 29 October 1922, Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a march against Germany's
571:
5445:
2116:
could be a time of tension in Nazi Germany. The ceremony was cancelled in 1934, coming as it did after the so-called
1617:
Though Hitler failed to achieve his immediate goal, the putsch did give the Nazis their first national attention and
1484:
1301:
Although their defeat by the government forces forced Hitler and Ludendorff to flee Munich, it was the origin of the
6501:
1298:. The two groups exchanged fire, which resulted in the deaths of 16 Nazis, four police officers, and one bystander.
6775:
5599:
5070:
4577:
838:
6204:
1962:
6750:
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2045:. The Nazi flag they carried, which in the course of events had been stained with blood, came to be known as the
1008:
and seize power or their followers would turn to the communists. Hitler enlisted the help of World War I general
2035:
The 15 fallen insurgents, as well as the bystander Karl Kuhn, were regarded as the first "blood martyrs" of the
1874:
Wilhelm Wolf, businessman and World War I veteran, born 19 October 1898. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party.
1803:
Theodor Casella, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 8 August 1900. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party.
6805:
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state that the Bavarian government was deposed and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff.
715:
35:
4798:
4691:
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1493:
916:
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contains the names of the four Bavarian policemen who died in the fight against the Nazis. The plaque reads:
1944:
1293:
872:, Germany declined as a major European power. Like many Germans of the period, Hitler, who had fought in the
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973:
877:
438:
217:
2976:('fortress-way'). Hitler's sentence was to be served in the mildest form of incarceration under German law.
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2199:
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2013:
1125:
953:
683:
621:
425:
369:
3046:
2095:
1257:
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856:
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5155:
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4709:
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1406:
1287:, they met a force of 130 soldiers blocking the way under the command of State Police Senior Lieutenant
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766:
253:
2559:
2008:
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1594:. Due to Ludendorff's story that he was present by accident, an explanation he had also used in the
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1823:
1812:
Anton Hechenberger, locksmith, born 28 September 1902. Member of the Nazi Party and Sturmabteilung.
1701:
942:
On 26 September 1923, following a period of terror and political violence, Bavarian Prime Minister
591:
210:
2700:
2645:, Ludendorff's servant. Behind those two came more flag bearers, then the leadership in two rows.
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Plaque erected on November 9, 2010, at the Munich Residence, commemorating the 4 officers killed.
1338:
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576:
413:
224:
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1816:
1760:
1639:. The putsch had changed Hitler's outlook on violent revolution to effect change. From then his
1351:
city commandant of Munich. As a proud war hero, Danner loathed the "little corporal" and those "
1262:
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616:
3957:
3430:
1614:
feels like a German, as Hitler does." The result was that the Nazi leader remained in Germany.
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1969:
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384:
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spotted Röhm's men coming out of the beer hall. They were ambushed while trying to reach the
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6591:
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turned up against the cold. To his left, in civilian clothes, a green felt hat, and a loose
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have had honourable but misguided motives, and it did not carry the stigma of a sentence of
1535:
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1061:
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880:
citizenship at the time, believed the treaty to be a betrayal, with the country having been
818:
771:
641:
500:
398:
354:
306:
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anti-Semitism. He claimed the putsch had been his sole responsibility, inspiring the title
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1693:
1178:, and Hermann Kriebel to stand in for him while he returned to the auditorium flanked by
1171:
905:(not the equivalent of lance corporal, but a special class of private) and holder of the
339:
1560:, from acquitting Hitler outright. Hitler and Hess were both sentenced to five years in
1333:
Police units were first notified of trouble by three police detectives stationed at the
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mobilised the students of a nearby infantry officers' school to seize other objectives.
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2051:('blood flag') and was brought out for the swearing-in of new recruits in front of the
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1883:
1854:
Johann Rickmers, retired cavalry captain and World War I veteran; born 7 May 1881 in
1791:
1603:
1510:
1414:
1357:
bands of rowdies". He also did not much like his commanding officer, Generalleutnant
1148:
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2664:. To his right came Alfred Rosenberg. On either side of these men were Ulrich Graf,
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1886:, Martin Faust and Theodor Casella, both members of the armed militia organisation
1706:
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1480:
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1397:, the vice-premier and minister of education and culture. A staunchly conservative
1136:
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611:
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288:
4745:
4181:
München – „Hauptstadt der Bewegung“. Bayerns Metropole und der Nationalsozialismus
2625:
a resistance fighter much admired by members of the paramilitary right during the
1851:, Pfordten was implicated in the abuse of prisoners of war, particularly Russians.
4321:
4252:
1567:
1252:
Early Nazis who participated in the attempt to seize power during the 1923 Putsch
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1425:
Three thousand students from the University of Munich rioted and marched to the
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964:("state commissioner"), with dictatorial powers to govern the state. Along with
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17:
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3774:
2058:
Shortly after he came to power, a memorial was placed at the south side of the
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2017:
24 May 1943 quotes Schlageter: "The banner must stand, even if the man falls."
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195:
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4416:
4078:"Giles on Hampe and Reichert and Wolgast, 'Kriegstagebuch 1914-1919' | H-Net"
3087:
1839:
Theodor von der Pfordten, judge and World War I veteran, born 14 May 1873 in
899:, of which Hitler became an agent. Captain Mayr ordered Hitler, then an army
849:
In the early 20th century, many of the larger cities of southern Germany had
123:
110:
6515:
6228:
5625:
5287:
4459:
The Feldherrnhalle with the plaque to the four Bavarians killed, now removed
4373:
The Trial of Adolf Hitler: The Beer Hall Putsch and the Rise of Nazi Germany
2849:
2368:
2181:
Since 1994, a commemorative plaque embedded in the pavement in front of the
2175:
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1353:
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1610:
and other painkilling drugs. This addiction continued throughout his life.
1548:
3874:(September 1944). "The Bavarian Problem in the Weimar Republic: Part II".
1815:
Oskar Körner, businessman and World War I veteran, born 4 January 1875 in
1556:
were fanatically pro-Nazi and had to be dissuaded by the presiding Judge,
1207:
The crowd in the hall backed Hitler with a roar of approval. He finished:
6252:
5989:
3429:(Fiftieth Anniversary ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
2063:
1840:
1607:
1084:
On the evening of 8 November 1923, 603 SA surrounded the beer hall and a
2162:
1245:
officers put the whole garrison on alert and called for reinforcements.
939:(SA, literally "Storm Detachment"), the paramilitary wing of the NSDAP.
3897:
3756:
3712:
2621:
on behalf of the movement, supposedly avenging his alleged betrayal of
1936: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1833:
1780:
1488:
1268:
885:
810:
787:
658:
98:
3800:
1879:
Hitler claimed Scheubner-Richter to be the only "irreplaceable loss".
1809:
Martin Faust, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 4 January 1901.
931:. This political base extended to include about 15,000 members of the
6049:
5697:
5373:
5363:
5179:
4582:
2145:
On 9 November 1935, the dead were taken from their graves and to the
1855:
1790:
Andreas Bauriedl, hatter and World War I veteran, born 4 May 1879 in
1005:
783:
94:
3748:
2617:† Bormann and Höss were awaiting trial after their assassination of
1868:. Member of the Nazi Party. Previous participant in the Kapp Putsch.
4440:
The Adolf Hitler Trial before the People's Court in Munich Judgment
3889:
3792:
3656:"Hermann Goring (German minister) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
1491:. The Nazi Party's headquarters was raided, and its newspaper, the
1371:
Around 23:00, Major-General von Danner, along with fellow generals
1088:
was set up in the auditorium. Hitler, surrounded by his associates
6301:
2641:
In the vanguard were four flag bearers followed by Adolf Lenk and
2161:
2020:
2007:
1739:
1660:
1514:
1451:
1442:
1247:
1198:
1847:. During his time as the commandant of a prisoner of war camp in
1621:
victory. While serving their "fortress confinement" sentences at
5358:
4167:. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, München 1961, S. 211, 272; als
4129:
The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response
1865:
1506:
1479:
Two days after the putsch, Hitler was arrested and charged with
5754:
5059:
5055:
4475:
3573:
Hitler Sites by Steven Lehrer. McFarland & Co, Publishers,
504:
2209:
1905:
4471:
1598:, along with his war service and connections, Ludendorff was
4165:
Der Hitlerputsch. Krisenjahre deutschen Geschichte 1920–1924
3777:(January 1972). "Lay Judges in the German Criminal Courts".
3462:
Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind
2826:
2126:, and in 1939 with the attempted assassination of Hitler by
2074:. The putsch was also commemorated on three sets of stamps.
4183:. 2. Auflage. Edition Minerva, München 2002, S. 355 f.
1755:
1081:, where Kahr was making a speech in front of 3,000 people.
4464:"Munich: Part 3 – Nazi Party Buildings on the Königsplatz
3589:
3587:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3381:
3379:
3280:
3278:
3025:
3023:
2953:
Hitlerputsch, Hitler–Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch
2166:
Plaque commemorating the policemen who died in the Putsch
1187:
and a supporter of Kahr, was an eyewitness. He reported:
6811:
Battles of the Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
3109:(Arlington, VA: University Publications of America 1976)
1733:"Karl Kuhn" redirects here. For the baseball coach, see
1073:
his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of
4273:
Munich 1923: The Story of Hitler's First Grab for Power
6454:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
3560:
The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism
1787:
Works and moved to Munich in 1923 to begin his career.
1040:
to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler.
6382:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
6235:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
4396:
Where Ghosts Walked, Munich's Road to the Third Reich
1819:. Member of the German Workers' Party and Nazi Party.
1771:
The 15 deceased are listed in Hitler's dedication to
1413:, Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli (who would later become
1314:
in 1937 (which Hitler attended but without speaking)
4311:
The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich
3452:
3450:
3107:
The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich
3080:
The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich
1832:
Klaus von Pape, businessman, born 16 August 1904 in
1542:
was the presiding judge at both of Hitler's trials.
6113:
5957:
5792:
5707:
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5494:
5401:
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5188:
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4995:
4957:
4774:
4682:
4616:
4540:
4509:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
1898:watch, after which he was killed in the crossfire.
1653:asked Hitler to form a legal coalition government.
4011:
1256:In the morning, Hitler ordered the seizure of the
798:. Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the
3076:Der Hitler-Prozeß vor dem Volksgericht in München
2734:Chief defendants in the "Ludendorff–Hitler" trial
2039:and were remembered by Hitler in the foreword of
817:guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in
4038:Christian Zentner, Friedemann Bedürftig (1991).
3304:. 19 November 1923 – via content.time.com.
1310:In a description of Ludendorff's funeral at the
861:, which became the site where the putsch began.
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3117:
3115:
2691:, Johann Aigner (Scheubner-Richter's servant),
2187:
45:
6133:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
6127:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
1779:Felix Allfarth, merchant, born 5 July 1901 in
756:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
6314:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
6121:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
5766:
5071:
4487:
3232:Sayers, Michael and Kahnn, Albert E. (1945),
2845:– A commemorative award given to participants
2078:was dedicated to the fallen and, in the book
1170:Hitler became irritated by Kahr and summoned
516:
8:
6436:Violence against Hindus in independent India
4761:
4752:
4743:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4698:
4689:
4306:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2971:
2957:
2951:
2660:coat, was Ludendorff. To Hitler's right was
1386:, compelled Lossow to repudiate the putsch.
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
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999:
993:
985:
979:
971:
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959:
951:
943:
932:
924:
910:
900:
854:
822:
799:
775:
764:
754:
6648:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
6163:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
3128:. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–69.
3066:
3064:
3017:schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.
2899:People given posthumous fame by the Nazis:
2244:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1783:. Alfarth had studied merchandising at the
5773:
5759:
5751:
5252:
5078:
5064:
5056:
5013:National Political Institutes of Education
4494:
4480:
4472:
1748:members in 1935. He is accompanied by the
523:
509:
501:
42:
6283:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
4453:Map of Europe at time of Beer Hall Putsch
4018:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. v.
3702:
3324:A History of Hitler's Empire, 2nd Edition
3125:Press and politics in the Weimar Republic
2264:Learn how and when to remove this message
2149:. The SA and SS carried them down to the
1996:Learn how and when to remove this message
1384:Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
888:, later called the "November Criminals".
534:Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
385:
293:
55:political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
4352:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
3859:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s
3823:The Coming of the Third Reich. A History
3685:"On Uses and Misuses of Comparative Law"
3402:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s
3364:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s
3147:
3145:
3101:
3099:
3097:
1047:
27:Failed 1923 Nazi coup attempt in Germany
6247:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
4131:. New York, HarperCollins, 2003 p. 407
3982:
3931:
3593:
3497:
3385:
3347:
3320:"The Twenties and the Great Depression"
3284:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3211:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany
3196:
3184:
3172:
2999:
2939:
2724:, the SA, the Infantry School, and the
2687:Behind these came the second string of
1864:, Nazi leader, born 21 January 1884 in
1645:was to do everything "strictly legal".
1513:and replaced it with a mixed system of
6193:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
4108:. New York: Anchor Books, 1976 p. 170
4106:Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography
3617:
3531:"Adolf Hitler / The Man and His Ideas"
3029:
1573:('fortress confinement') for treason.
970:, Bavarian state police chief Colonel
909:, First Class, to infiltrate the tiny
6791:Military operations involving Germany
6442:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
4313:. University Publications of America.
4195:"Nazi ceremonies for 9 November 1942"
3994:
3464:. Reynal & Hitchcock. p. 12.
3043:"Einsatz für Freiheit und Demokratie"
1505:, an emergency decree, abolished the
1393:who was not at the Bürgerbräukeller:
1016:in an attempt to gain the support of
923:"patriotic associations", called the
669:Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck
7:
6771:1920s coups d'état and coup attempts
5040:Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party
4982:National Democratic Party of Germany
4408:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
4179:. In: Richard Bauer et al. (Hrsg.):
4060:
3638:
3529:Irvine, Wendell C. (November 1931).
3509:
3474:
3425:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
2242:adding citations to reliable sources
1934:adding citations to reliable sources
1501:), was banned. In January 1924, the
557:Collapse of the Imperial German Army
6586:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
6536:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
6448:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
6241:Christianization of the Sámi people
4041:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
1685:(April 23, 1887 – November 9, 1923)
950:declared a state of emergency, and
567:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
4411:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
4149:Die Geschichte eines Hochverräters
3704:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1974.tb02366.x
3213:, New York: Routledge, p. 9,
3082:]. Munich: Knorr & Hirth.
2400:, the only known woman participant
25:
6430:Violence against Muslims in India
6424:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
6370:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
4151:, Franz Eher Verlag, Munich 1928.
3562:, 1933–1945, Volume 1, pp. 20–22.
2120:. In 1938, it coincided with the
1724:(July 4, 1886 – November 9, 1923)
1711:(1902 or 1903 – November 9, 1923)
1698:(May 15, 1897 – November 9, 1923)
1203:Odeonsplatz in Munich, 9 November
1052:Erich Ludendorff on the cover of
704:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
6725:
5733:
5732:
4433:
2812:
2798:
2214:
2066:. The back of the memorial read
1910:
1401:, he was having dinner with the
445:
432:
419:
407:
392:
374:
363:
344:
333:
322:
311:
300:
282:
259:
247:
234:
181:
61:
6702:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
6672:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
5045:Samoan branch of the Nazi Party
4304:Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch
4220:Riedel, Katja (14 March 2011).
4201:from the original on 5 May 2009
3944:Revoking the Fuehrer's Passport
2329:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter
2198:and Bavarian Interior Minister
1921:needs additional citations for
1862:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter
1118:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter
6796:November 1923 events in Europe
6690:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
6660:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
6394:Communist Romanian persecution
4309:Gordon, Harold J. Jr. (1976).
4302:Gordon, Harold J. Jr. (1972).
4222:"Vier Polizisten gegen Hitler"
3962:. Penguin Books. p. 217.
3825:, 2004, S. 181; Joachim Fest:
3209:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007),
3045:. 11 June 2015. Archived from
1845:German National People's Party
1754:("blood flag") and its bearer
1343:Major-General Jakob von Danner
1337:. These reports reached Major
1022:and his triumvirate. However,
1004:, felt they had to march upon
607:French occupation of Frankfurt
562:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
6708:2024 Istanbul church shooting
6684:Christchurch mosque shootings
6472:Religious violence in Nigeria
6466:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
4285:The Coming of the Third Reich
4275:. New York: Harper & Row.
4197:. German Propaganda Archive.
3877:The Journal of Modern History
3731:"Criminal Justice in Germany"
2959:Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle
1893:Also honoured as a martyr in
587:1920 East Prussian plebiscite
552:German strike of January 1918
6598:War crimes in the Kosovo War
6388:Communist Polish persecution
6259:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
6187:Crusades against schismatics
4548:Adolf Hitler's rise to power
3780:The Journal of Legal Studies
2833:2022 German coup d'état plot
2718:Behind this row marched the
1389:There was one member of the
694:1932 Berlin transport strike
484:Many captured and imprisoned
5694:(possible illegitimate son)
5008:Munich Documentation Centre
4789:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
4430:. New York: Franklin Watts.
4288:. New York: Penguin Books.
4257:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.
3298:"GERMANY: Eeer Hall Revolt"
2652:in hand, the collar of his
2606:Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld
1800:. Member of the Nazi Party.
1151:, who was waiting with his
1060:The putsch was inspired by
572:Occupation of the Rhineland
73:in Munich during the Putsch
6827:
6766:Attempted coups in Germany
5715:Streets named after Hitler
4578:National Socialist Program
4394:Large, David Clay (1997).
4378:W. W. Norton & Company
4328:W. W. Norton & Company
3234:The Plot Against the Peace
2648:Hitler was in the centre,
2068:Und ihr habt doch gesiegt!
2055:when Hitler was in power.
1858:. Member of the Freikorps.
1732:
29:
6722:
6630:South Thailand insurgency
6606:Walisongo school massacre
6574:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
6223:Expulsion of the Moriscos
6199:European wars of religion
5728:
5560:Hitler: The Last Ten Days
5368:Meldemannstraße dormitory
4659:Office of Foreign Affairs
4649:Office of Military Policy
4644:Office of Colonial Policy
4323:Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris
4254:Adolf Hitler: A Biography
4193:Bytwerk, Randall (2000).
4177:„Hauptstadt der Bewegung“
2637:At the front of the march
2593:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
2565:Franz Pfeffer von Salomon
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1010:
994:
986:
980:
972:
966:
952:
944:
679:1932 Prussian coup d'état
542:
494:
473:
460:
275:
173:
77:
60:
52:
6020:Extrajudicial punishment
5586:Hitler: The Rise of Evil
5018:Nazi concentration camps
4588:Night of the Long Knives
4398:. New York: W.W. Norton.
3959:Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris
3743:(6): 1069–1070, note 7.
3421:Shirer, William (2011).
3122:Fulda, Bernhard (2009).
2891:Weimar Republic timeline
2838:Bavarian Soviet Republic
2697:Theodor von der Pfordten
2391:Other notable supporters
2206:Supporters of the Putsch
2118:Night of the Long Knives
2094:('Old Fighters') in the
1670:Bavarian police officers
1534:('Bavaria Union') which
1368:, with orders to shoot.
36:Beer Hall Putsch (album)
6713:Crocus City Hall attack
6460:Persecution of Tibetans
6217:French Wars of Religion
6139:Yellow Turban Rebellion
5600:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler
5170:Last will and testament
4719:Innviertler Heimatblatt
4654:Office of Racial Policy
4271:Dornberg, John (1982).
4044:. Macmillan, New York.
2715:, Brückner's adjutant.
1744:Adolf Hitler reviewing
1154:Bund Reichskriegsflagge
974:Hans Ritter von Seisser
912:Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
218:Bund Reichskriegsflagge
6666:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
6642:Maspero demonstrations
6490:Huế Phật Đản shootings
5680:William Stuart-Houston
5226:Assassination attempts
4899:Joachim von Ribbentrop
4894:Konstantin von Neurath
4762:
4753:
4744:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4699:
4690:
4639:Nazi Party Chancellery
3105:Harold J. Gordon Jr.,
3013:5 January 2017 at the
2972:
2958:
2952:
2627:occupation of the Ruhr
2194:In 2010, Munich Mayor
2192:
2167:
2032:
2031:(Honour Temples), 1936
2018:
2014:Wochenspruch der NSDAP
1768:
1666:
1476:
1449:
1373:Adolf Ritter von Ruith
1253:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1057:
1028:had his own plan with
1000:
960:
954:Gustav Ritter von Kahr
933:
925:
911:
901:
855:
823:
800:
776:
767:Generalquartiermeister
765:
755:
684:Potempa murder of 1932
622:Occupation of the Ruhr
276:Commanders and leaders
6756:Rebellions in Germany
6636:Boko Haram insurgency
6295:Pontic Greek genocide
6205:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
6015:Extrajudicial killing
5782:Religious persecution
5668:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr.
5567:The Meaning of Hitler
5486:German naturalization
5378:16 Prinzregentenplatz
4987:Socialist Reich Party
4978:Deutsche Reichspartei
4799:Richard Walther Darré
4692:Völkischer Beobachter
4573:German Workers' Party
3829:, 2002, pp. 160, 225.
2881:Early Nazism timeline
2544:Hans Ulrich Klintzsch
2438:Josef 'Sepp' Dietrich
2165:
2104:Circus Krone Building
2024:
2011:
1743:
1664:
1499:The People's Observer
1494:Völkischer Beobachter
1455:
1446:
1407:Michael von Faulhaber
1251:
1209:
1202:
1189:
1051:
917:German Workers' Party
882:"stabbed in the back"
481:About a dozen injured
474:Casualties and losses
254:Bavarian State Police
6618:September 11 attacks
6554:1984 anti-Sikh riots
6418:Rawalpindi massacres
6364:White Terror (Spain)
6175:Massacre at Ayyadieh
6060:Population cleansing
5720:Mannerheim recording
5644:Johann Georg Hiedler
5546:The Victory of Faith
5122:Political directives
5003:Adolf Hitler Schools
4929:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
4634:Hitler's Chancellery
4568:Enabling Act of 1933
4467:Third Reich in Ruins
4251:Bear, Ileen (2016).
4173:Hans Günter Hockerts
4161:Hanns Hubert Hofmann
3956:Ian Kershaw (2001).
3843:The Nazi Conscience,
3458:Knickerbocker, H. R.
2458:Johann Baptist Fuchs
2238:improve this section
1930:improve this article
1735:Karl Kuhn (baseball)
1403:Archbishop of Munich
1216:Hitler, Ludendorff,
1185:University of Munich
866:Treaty of Versailles
829:to fellow prisoners
821:, where he dictated
741:, also known as the
674:Altona Bloody Sunday
152:Government victory
6530:Bangladesh genocide
6510:Cultural Revolution
6502:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
6265:Circassian genocide
6151:Rhineland massacres
6065:Population transfer
6030:Forced displacement
5837:Jehovah's Witnesses
5650:Maria Schicklgruber
5553:Triumph of the Will
5540:Killing baby Hitler
5530:Cult of personality
5471:Hitler's Table Talk
5414:possible monorchism
5347:Civilian residences
5236:conspiracy theories
4973:German Social Union
4924:Baldur von Schirach
4879:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
4674:SS Education Office
4558:Brown House, Munich
4350:Hitler: A Biography
3920:The Nazi Conscience
3736:Michigan Law Review
3535:The Improvement Era
3350:, pp. 125–127.
3260:, pp. 125–126.
3153:The Nazi Conscience
3006:Dan Moorhouse, ed.
2934:Informational notes
2886:Spartacist Uprising
2482:Friedrich Haselmayr
2466:Albrecht von Graefe
1582:(common prison) or
1523:Germany's judiciary
1258:Munich city council
1139:, Johann Aigne and
592:Reichstag Bloodbath
120: /
6624:2002 Gujarat riots
6548:Cambodian genocide
6542:Lebanese Civil War
6320:Soviet persecution
6157:Jerusalem massacre
6070:Sectarian violence
6055:Political violence
5607:Apocalypse: Hitler
5535:In popular culture
4701:Das Schwarze Korps
4403:Shirer, William L.
4082:networks.h-net.org
3727:Wolff, Hans Julius
3697:(1): 18, note 73.
3008:The Munich Putsch.
2602:Heinrich Trambauer
2560:Theodor Oberländer
2512:Hans Georg Hofmann
2476:Helene Hanfstaengl
2433:Capt. Eduard Dietl
2168:
2128:Johann Georg Elser
2033:
2025:One of the Munich
2019:
1945:"Beer Hall Putsch"
1888:Reichskriegsflagge
1769:
1667:
1592:ℛ︁ℳ︁
1477:
1450:
1422:repudiate Hitler.
1339:Sigmund von Imhoff
1254:
1205:
1058:
1056:, 19 November 1923
946:Eugen von Knilling
577:Silesian Uprisings
414:Eugen von Knilling
225:Freikorps Oberland
6776:Conflicts in 1923
6738:
6737:
6678:Rohingya genocide
6406:Direct Action Day
6358:Šahovići massacre
6308:Armenian genocide
6302:Assyrian genocide
6189:(13th–15th cent.)
6183:(12th–16th cent.)
6181:Northern Crusades
6025:Forced conversion
5975:Cultural genocide
5970:Communal violence
5847:post–Cold War era
5832:Eastern Orthodoxy
5748:
5747:
5466:Psychopathography
5456:Stefanie Rabatsch
5421:Wealth and income
5397:
5396:
5278:Reich Chancellery
5053:
5052:
5033:Horst-Wessel-Lied
4864:Reinhard Heydrich
4854:Ernst Hanfstaengl
4593:Nuremberg rallies
4438:The full text of
4428:Hitler and Nazism
4424:Snyder, Louis Leo
4359:978-0-393-06757-6
4337:978-0-393-04671-7
4280:Evans, Richard J.
4264:978-93-86019-47-9
4025:978-0-395-92503-4
3969:978-0-14-192579-0
3821:Richard J Evans:
3690:Modern Law Review
3681:Kahn-Freund, Otto
3440:978-1-4516-4259-9
3328:The Great Courses
3220:978-0-415-30860-1
3187:, pp. 72–74.
3175:, pp. 61–63.
3135:978-0-19-954778-4
3032:, pp. 73–75.
2925:
2924:
2861:German Revolution
2776:Lt. Robert Wagner
2713:Heinrich Bennecke
2662:Scheubner-Richter
2552:Gustav Adolf Lenk
2516:Matthaeus Hofmann
2507:Heinrich Hoffmann
2407:Heinrich Bennecke
2384:Lt. Robert Wagner
2344:Ernst Hanfstaengl
2274:
2273:
2266:
2172:Allied Commission
2170:In June 1945 the
2102:, in 1944 in the
2098:(after 1939, the
2006:
2005:
1998:
1980:
1785:Siemens-Schuckert
1623:Landsberg am Lech
1552:or 'leader'. The
1411:Nuncio to Bavaria
1316:William L. Shirer
1289:Michael von Godin
1141:Scheubner-Richter
1108:, Johann Aigner,
1102:Ernst Hanfstaengl
1077:, marched on the
792:8–9 November 1923
759:or NSDAP) leader
734:
733:
499:
498:
495:1 civilian killed
351:Scheubner-Richter
169:
168:
124:48.130°N 11.592°E
85:8–9 November 1923
30:For the album by
16:(Redirected from
6818:
6751:Beer Hall Putsch
6730:
6729:
6696:2020 Delhi riots
6612:Kosheh massacres
6592:Bosnian genocide
6412:1946 Bihar riots
6075:Social cleansing
6000:Ethnic cleansing
5775:
5768:
5761:
5752:
5736:
5735:
5692:Jean-Marie Loret
5461:Reinhold Hanisch
5329:Wolfsschlucht II
5253:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5057:
4996:Related articles
4949:Julius Streicher
4909:Alfred Rosenberg
4869:Heinrich Himmler
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4553:Beer Hall Putsch
4496:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4455:at omniatlas.com
4437:
4420:
4391:
4363:
4341:
4299:
4268:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4190:
4184:
4158:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4122:
4116:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4074:
4068:
4058:
4052:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4017:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3868:
3862:
3852:
3846:
3836:
3830:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3683:(January 1974).
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3652:
3646:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3582:
3569:
3563:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3526:
3513:
3512:, p. 54-55.
3507:
3501:
3495:
3482:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3445:
3444:
3428:
3418:
3412:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3374:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3316:Childers, Thomas
3312:
3306:
3305:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3119:
3110:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3018:
3004:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2944:
2903:Wilhelm Gustloff
2866:Hamburg Uprising
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2761:Erich Ludendorff
2741:Wilhelm Brückner
2721:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
2682:Wilhelm Brückner
2674:Julius Streicher
2502:Heinrich Himmler
2471:Jakob Grimminger
2379:Wilhelm Brückner
2354:Joseph Berchtold
2314:Julius Streicher
2304:Erich Ludendorff
2299:Alfred Rosenberg
2269:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2218:
2210:
2200:Joachim Herrmann
2132:Heinrich Himmler
2096:Bürgerbräukeller
2086:Der neunte Elfte
2001:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1938:
1914:
1906:
1843:. Member of the
1824:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
1765:Jakob Grimminger
1723:
1710:
1697:
1689:Nikolaus Hollweg
1684:
1602:. Both Röhm and
1571:
1536:Otto Ballerstedt
1474:Landsberg Prison
1439:Trial and prison
1381:
1297:
1281:in front of the
1266:
1165:Gerhard Rossbach
1094:Alfred Rosenberg
1079:Bürgerbräukeller
1062:Benito Mussolini
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1012:Erich Ludendorff
1003:
997:
996:
991:
990:
983:
982:
977:
976:
969:
968:
963:
957:
956:
949:
948:
938:
930:
914:
904:
860:
857:Bürgerbräukeller
828:
819:Landsberg Prison
805:
793:
781:
772:Erich Ludendorff
770:
758:
739:Beer Hall Putsch
647:Beer Hall Putsch
642:Hamburg Uprising
537:
535:
525:
518:
511:
502:
485:
461:Military support
450:
449:
448:
441:
439:Hans von Seisser
437:
436:
435:
424:
423:
422:
412:
411:
410:
399:Heinrich Himmler
397:
396:
395:
387:
379:
378:
377:
368:
367:
366:
359:
349:
348:
347:
338:
337:
336:
327:
326:
325:
316:
315:
314:
307:Erich Ludendorff
305:
304:
303:
295:
287:
286:
285:
264:
263:
262:
252:
251:
250:
239:
238:
237:
211:Stoßtrupp-Hitler
186:
185:
184:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
79:
78:
65:
48:Beer Hall Putsch
43:
21:
18:Bierkellerputsch
6826:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6806:Fascist revolts
6801:1920s in Munich
6786:1924 in Germany
6781:1923 in Germany
6741:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6724:
6718:
6654:Yazidi genocide
6560:Revival Process
6496:Thích Quảng Đức
6484:Buddhist crisis
6478:Istanbul pogrom
6346:1970–1987
6341:1958–1964
6336:1928–1941
6331:1921–1928
6326:1917–1921
6211:Goa Inquisition
6145:Battle of Tours
6135:(c.550–c. 1200)
6129:(c. 324–c. 491)
6109:
6010:Ethnic violence
6005:Ethnic conflict
5953:
5952:
5951:
5906:minority Muslim
5788:
5779:
5749:
5744:
5724:
5703:
5612:
5513:
5509:Private library
5496:
5490:
5426:Religious views
5393:
5342:
5336:Führersonderzug
5334:Special train (
5324:Wolfsschlucht I
5248:
5242:
5196:Military career
5184:
5117:Political views
5089:
5084:
5054:
5049:
4991:
4953:
4939:Gregor Strasser
4844:Joseph Goebbels
4829:Roland Freisler
4814:Dietrich Eckart
4776:Notable members
4770:
4678:
4612:
4536:
4505:
4500:
4449:
4401:
4388:
4366:
4360:
4344:
4338:
4316:
4296:
4278:
4265:
4250:
4242:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4159:
4155:
4146:
4142:
4125:Balakian, Peter
4123:
4119:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4059:
4055:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:Claudia Koonz,
3917:
3913:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3853:
3849:
3837:
3833:
3820:
3816:
3771:Casper, Gerhard
3769:
3768:
3764:
3749:10.2307/1283584
3725:
3724:
3720:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3637:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3608:, 23 June 2006.
3604:
3600:
3592:
3585:
3570:
3566:
3556:Hilmar Hoffmann
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3377:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3151:Claudia Koonz,
3150:
3143:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3049:on 11 June 2015
3041:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3021:
3015:Wayback Machine
3005:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2969:
2965:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2820:Politics portal
2818:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2781:Friedrich Weber
2756:Hermann Kriebel
2736:
2693:Gottfried Feder
2670:Friedrich Weber
2666:Hermann Kriebel
2639:
2615:
2598:Gregor Strasser
2573:Gerhard Roßbach
2535:Hans Kallenbach
2443:Dietrich Eckart
2428:Rudolf Buttmann
2423:Philipp Bouhler
2393:
2388:
2349:Gottfried Feder
2324:Friedrich Weber
2319:Hermann Kriebel
2279:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2235:
2219:
2208:
2114:The anniversary
2062:crowned with a
2002:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1915:
1904:
1761:Sturmbannführer
1738:
1731:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1672:
1659:
1651:Franz von Papen
1565:
1558:Georg Neithardt
1540:Georg Neithardt
1503:Emminger Reform
1483:in the special
1470:Friedrich Weber
1462:Hermann Kriebel
1448:officer status.
1441:
1375:
1359:Otto von Lossow
1335:Löwenbräukeller
1331:
1291:
1260:
1176:Friedrich Weber
1160:Löwenbräukeller
1145:Hermann Kriebel
1070:Weimar Republic
1046:
988:Otto von Lossow
876:but still held
847:
839:Nazi propaganda
796:Weimar Republic
791:
745:, was a failed
735:
730:
617:Klaipėda Revolt
538:
533:
531:
529:
490:Several wounded
489:
483:
482:
480:
456:
452:Otto von Lossow
446:
444:
433:
431:
430:
426:Gustav von Kahr
420:
418:
408:
406:
393:
391:
390:
375:
373:
372:
364:
362:
361:
355:
345:
343:
342:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
320:
312:
310:
309:
301:
299:
298:
283:
281:
260:
258:
248:
246:
241:Weimar Republic
235:
233:
182:
180:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
105:
103:Weimar Republic
66:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6824:
6822:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6743:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6680:(2016–ongoing)
6675:
6674:(2014–ongoing)
6669:
6663:
6662:(2014–ongoing)
6657:
6651:
6645:
6639:
6638:(2009–ongoing)
6633:
6632:(2004–ongoing)
6627:
6621:
6615:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6595:
6589:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6557:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6538:(1971–ongoing)
6533:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6519:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6499:
6493:
6481:
6475:
6474:(1953–ongoing)
6469:
6463:
6462:(1950–ongoing)
6457:
6456:(1949–ongoing)
6451:
6445:
6439:
6438:(1947–ongoing)
6433:
6432:(1947–ongoing)
6427:
6426:(1947–ongoing)
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6400:Noakhali riots
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6317:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6289:Greek genocide
6286:
6280:
6277:Adana massacre
6274:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6244:
6238:
6232:
6226:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6202:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6160:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6141:(c.184–c. 205)
6136:
6130:
6124:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6090:State religion
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5995:Discrimination
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5947:Zoroastrianism
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5869:Untouchability
5866:
5856:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5786:discrimination
5780:
5778:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5755:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5695:
5689:
5683:
5677:
5671:
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5573:Hitler Diaries
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5504:Hitler's Globe
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5451:August Kubizek
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5354:Braunau am Inn
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5206:Hitler cabinet
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4849:Hermann Göring
4846:
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4819:Adolf Eichmann
4816:
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4563:Denazification
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
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4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4531:Martin Bormann
4528:
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4507:
4506:
4501:
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4448:
4447:External links
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4226:Süddeutsche.de
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4031:
4024:
3999:
3997:, p. 249.
3987:
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3975:
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3934:, p. 238.
3924:
3911:
3890:10.1086/236826
3872:Landauer, Carl
3863:
3847:
3831:
3814:
3793:10.1086/467481
3762:
3718:
3672:
3660:Britannica.com
3647:
3622:
3620:, p. 312.
3610:
3598:
3596:, p. 131.
3583:
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2910:
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2806:Germany portal
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2678:Hermann Göring
2638:
2635:
2623:Leo Schlageter
2614:
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2608:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Julius Schreck
2585:
2583:Wilhelm Schmid
2580:
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2526:Adolf Hühnlein
2523:
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2492:Wilhelm Helfer
2489:
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2473:
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2417:Martin Bormann
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2296:
2294:Hermann Göring
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2277:Key supporters
2275:
2272:
2271:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2183:Feldherrnhalle
2147:Feldherrnhalle
2060:Feldherrnhalle
2053:Feldherrnhalle
2004:
2003:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1859:
1852:
1837:
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1827:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1788:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:Rudolf Schraut
1712:
1699:
1686:
1676:Friedrich Fink
1671:
1668:
1658:
1655:
1642:modus operandi
1485:People's Court
1456:Adolf Hitler,
1440:
1437:
1435:and traitors.
1428:Feldherrnhalle
1399:Roman Catholic
1330:
1327:
1312:Feldherrnhalle
1284:Feldherrnhalle
1090:Hermann Göring
1064:'s successful
1045:
1042:
961:Staatskomissar
958:was appointed
935:Sturmabteilung
895:under Captain
868:, which ended
846:
843:
802:Feldherrnhalle
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
712:
711:
707:
706:
701:
699:Reichstag fire
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Stennes revolt
661:
655:
654:
650:
649:
644:
639:
637:German October
634:
632:Küstrin Putsch
629:
624:
619:
614:
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381:Hermann Göring
278:
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256:
230:
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228:
221:
214:
207:
203:Sturmabteilung
199:
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170:
167:
166:
165:
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157:
156:Putsch failure
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
129:48.130; 11.592
93:
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87:
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83:
75:
74:
58:
57:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6380:
6377:
6376:The Holocaust
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5988:
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5980:Deprogramming
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5956:
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5932:Protestantism
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5842:LDS or Mormon
5840:
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5710:
5706:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5688:(half-nephew)
5687:
5684:
5682:(half-nephew)
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5670:(half-nephew)
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5658:(half-sister)
5657:
5656:Angela Hitler
5654:
5652:(grandmother)
5651:
5648:
5646:(grandfather)
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
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5630:
5627:
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5615:
5609:
5608:
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5597:
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5531:
5528:
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5523:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5481:50th birthday
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5436:Vegetarianism
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:Personal life
5400:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5332:
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5327:
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5302:
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5297:
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5284:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5272:Kehlsteinhaus
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5251:
5245:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:The Holocaust
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Rise to power
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
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5161:
5157:
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5149:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5109:Führerprinzip
5106:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5069:
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5062:
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5058:
5046:
5043:
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5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:Otto Strasser
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4914:Bernhard Rust
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4889:Josef Mengele
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:Wilhelm Frick
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Amt Rosenberg
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:Party offices
4615:
4609:
4608:Thule Society
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4519:Anton Drexler
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
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4442:at Wikisource
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4147:"Ernst Röhm,
4144:
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4137:0-06-055870-9
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4047:
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4016:
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4009:
4008:Hitler, Adolf
4003:
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3839:Claudia Koonz
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3398:Piers Brendon
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3326:. Episode 4.
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2487:Edmund Heines
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2398:Eleonore Baur
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2257:
2254:November 2020
2247:
2243:
2239:
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2228:
2223:This section
2221:
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2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:Christian Ude
2191:
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2123:Kristallnacht
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2023:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1997:
1989:
1986:November 2021
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947: –
1946:
1942:
1941:Find sources:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1919:This section
1917:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:According to
1880:
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1792:Aschaffenburg
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1702:Max Schoberth
1700:
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1604:Wilhelm Frick
1601:
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1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:trier of fact
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1415:Pope Pius XII
1412:
1409:and with the
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1329:Counterattack
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1126:Robert Wagner
1123:
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1103:
1099:
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1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:March on Rome
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893:Bavarian Army
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820:
814:
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797:
794:, during the
789:
785:
780:
779:
773:
769:
768:
762:
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743:Munich Putsch
740:
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726:Kristallnacht
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603:
602:Ruhr uprising
600:
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370:Robert Wagner
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88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
67:Nazis at the
64:
59:
56:
51:
46:Munich Putsch
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Doug Stanhope
19:
6761:Adolf Hitler
6582:(1991–2001)
6562:(1984–1989)
6522:Famen Temple
6512:(1966–1976)
6322:(1922–1991)
6291:(1913–1922)
5822:Christianity
5812:Baháʼí Faith
5737:
5686:Heinz Hitler
5676:(half-niece)
5662:Paula Hitler
5638:Klara Hitler
5632:Alois Hitler
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5384:Obersalzberg
5335:
5283:Führerbunker
5282:
5260:Headquarters
5257:
5216:World War II
5211:Nazi Germany
5164:Zweites Buch
5162:
5143:
5107:
5100:
5087:Adolf Hitler
5023:Nazi Germany
4934:Albert Speer
4839:Walther Funk
4804:Rudolf Diels
4794:Kurt Daluege
4784:Artur Axmann
4683:Publications
4629:Hitler Youth
4598:Röhm scandal
4552:
4525:Adolf Hitler
4466:
4427:
4407:
4395:
4372:
4349:
4346:Kershaw, Ian
4326:. New York:
4322:
4318:Kershaw, Ian
4310:
4303:
4283:
4272:
4253:
4245:Bibliography
4244:
4243:
4230:. Retrieved
4225:
4215:
4203:. Retrieved
4188:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4143:
4128:
4120:
4105:
4102:Toland, John
4097:
4085:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4056:
4039:
4034:
4013:
4002:
3990:
3983:Kershaw 2008
3978:
3958:
3951:
3939:
3932:Kershaw 1999
3927:
3919:
3914:
3881:
3875:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3784:
3778:
3775:Zeisel, Hans
3765:
3740:
3734:
3721:
3694:
3688:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:
3650:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3594:Kershaw 2008
3567:
3559:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3537:. p. 13
3534:
3505:
3498:Kershaw 2008
3470:
3461:
3424:
3416:
3404:, pp. 36–37
3401:
3393:
3386:Kershaw 2008
3363:
3355:
3348:Kershaw 2008
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3323:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3285:Kershaw 2008
3270:Kershaw 2008
3265:
3258:Kershaw 2008
3253:
3246:Kershaw 2008
3241:
3233:
3228:
3210:
3204:
3197:Kershaw 2008
3192:
3185:Kershaw 2008
3180:
3173:Kershaw 2008
3168:
3152:
3124:
3106:
3079:
3075:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:the original
3037:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2973:Festungshaft
2966:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2919:
2908:Horst Wessel
2876:March Action
2848:
2785:
2766:Heinz Pernet
2751:Adolf Hitler
2725:
2719:
2717:
2701:Wilhelm Kolb
2689:Heinz Pernet
2686:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2616:
2611:Adolf Wagner
2569:Michael Ried
2556:Max Neunzert
2548:Helmut Klotz
2520:Rudolph Höss
2374:Heinz Pernet
2364:Emil Maurice
2359:Ernst Pöhner
2284:Adolf Hitler
2260:
2251:
2236:Please help
2224:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2169:
2154:
2153:, where two
2150:
2146:
2144:
2137:
2121:
2112:
2091:Alte Kämpfer
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:Ehrentempels
2026:
2012:
1992:
1983:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1940:
1928:Please help
1923:verification
1920:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1795:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1749:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1627:Emil Maurice
1616:
1612:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:Festungshaft
1574:
1563:Festungshaft
1561:
1547:
1544:
1529:
1527:
1498:
1492:
1481:high treason
1478:
1458:Emil Maurice
1426:
1424:
1388:
1370:
1366:Commissariat
1365:
1363:
1352:
1346:
1334:
1332:
1320:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1190:
1172:Ernst Pöhner
1169:
1158:
1152:
1137:Heinz Pernet
1135:
1131:
1122:Wilhelm Adam
1083:
1059:
941:
890:
863:
848:
831:Emil Maurice
815:
808:
761:Adolf Hitler
742:
738:
736:
689:Kwami Affair
646:
627:Cuno strikes
612:March Action
582:Feme murders
356:
340:Ernst Pöhner
289:Adolf Hitler
265:
232:
223:
216:
209:
201:
187:
179:
174:Belligerents
151:
68:
40:
6668:(2014–2017)
6656:(2014–2017)
6650:(2013–2016)
6588:(1992–1996)
6550:(1975–1979)
6544:(1975–1990)
6450:(1948–1980)
6396:(1945–1989)
6390:(1945–1989)
6384:(1941–1945)
6378:(1939–1945)
6366:(1936–1975)
6351:legislation
6316:(1917–1990)
6310:(1915–1923)
6304:(1914–1924)
6285:(1912–1913)
6273:(1862–1877)
6255:(1857–1858)
6249:(1789–1801)
6237:(1683–1922)
6231:(1673–1829)
6225:(1609–1614)
6219:(1562–1598)
6213:(1561–1812)
6207:(1526–1791)
6201:(1522–1712)
6195:(1500–1526)
6171:(1184–1908)
6169:Inquisition
6080:Segregation
6045:Intolerance
5985:Desecration
5927:Neopaganism
5920:Persecution
5881:Persecution
5864:Persecution
5827:Catholicism
5807:Exclusivism
5674:Geli Raubal
5518:Perceptions
5319:Wolf's Lair
4969:Strasserism
4965:Black Front
4958:Derivatives
4874:Rudolf Höss
4859:Rudolf Hess
4809:Karl Dönitz
4764:Kampfverlag
4755:Der Stürmer
4737:Der Angriff
4728:Arbeitertum
4527:(1921–1945)
4521:(1919–1921)
4368:King, David
4228:(in German)
3618:Shirer 1960
3606:Der Spiegel
3541:13 November
3030:Shirer 1960
2871:Kapp Putsch
2843:Blood Order
2709:Hans Streck
2705:Rolf Reiner
2531:Rudolf Jung
2462:Josef Gerum
2403:Karl Beggel
2334:Ulrich Graf
2289:Rudolf Hess
2156:Ehrentempel
2151:Königsplatz
2108:Königsplatz
2072:Nazi salute
1817:Ober-Peilau
1718: [
1705: [
1692: [
1679: [
1631:Rudolf Hess
1596:Kapp Putsch
1566: [
1466:Rudolf Hess
1405:, Cardinal
1376: [
1322:Der Spiegel
1292: [
1278:Odeonsplatz
1261: [
1180:Rudolf Hess
1106:Ulrich Graf
1098:Rudolf Hess
1086:machine gun
874:German Army
870:World War I
835:Rudolf Hess
782:leaders in
747:coup d'état
721:July Putsch
597:Kapp Putsch
329:Rudolf Hess
127: /
70:Marienplatz
6745:Categories
6165:(643–1526)
6040:Iconoclasm
6035:Hate crime
5965:Censorship
5854:Falun Gong
5497:belongings
5388:Kampfhäusl
5309:Tannenberg
5304:Felsennest
5299:Anlage Süd
5294:Adlerhorst
5247:Places of
5156:in English
5145:Mein Kampf
5028:Nazi songs
4919:Fritz Todt
4904:Ernst Röhm
4884:Robert Ley
4824:Hans Frank
4503:Nazi Party
4063:, p.
4014:Mein Kampf
3995:Evans 2003
3884:(3): 222.
3787:(1): 135.
3641:, p.
3477:, p.
3053:25 October
2929:References
2771:Ernst Röhm
2727:Oberländer
2654:trenchcoat
2650:slouch hat
2448:Hans Frank
2412:Franz Bock
2309:Ernst Röhm
2190:1923:...')
2080:Ich Kämpfe
2076:Mein Kampf
2042:Mein Kampf
2037:Nazi Party
1956:newspapers
1895:Mein Kampf
1884:Ernst Röhm
1849:Traunstein
1773:Mein Kampf
1729:Putschists
1657:Fatalities
1636:Mein Kampf
1625:, Hitler,
1619:propaganda
1554:lay judges
1531:Bayernbund
1519:lay judges
1419:Regensburg
1395:Franz Matt
1348:Reichswehr
1243:Reichswehr
1239:Reichswehr
1234:Reichswehr
1149:Ernst Röhm
1110:Adolf Lenk
1044:The putsch
981:Reichswehr
921:revanchist
907:Iron Cross
864:After the
851:beer halls
845:Background
825:Mein Kampf
774:and other
751:Nazi Party
716:Röhm purge
318:Ernst Röhm
267:Reichswehr
196:Nazi Party
163:leadership
161:Nazi Party
159:Arrest of
115:11°35′31″E
112:48°07′48″N
6516:Four Olds
6229:Test Acts
6095:Terrorism
5937:Rastafari
5886:Ahmadiyya
5626:Eva Braun
5495:Personal
5476:Paintings
5446:Bodyguard
5431:Sexuality
5288:Vorbunker
5249:residence
5151:in Arabic
4746:Panzerbär
4710:Das Reich
4417:824193307
4320:(1999) .
4169:Karl Kulm
4087:6 October
4061:Bear 2016
3906:145412298
3809:144941508
3639:Bear 2016
3510:King 2017
3475:Bear 2016
3155:, p. 24,
3088:638670803
2994:Citations
2970:Hitler's
2946:Known in
2850:Blutfahne
2369:Max Amann
2225:does not
2100:Löwenbräu
2048:Blutfahne
1797:Blutfahne
1751:Blutfahne
1600:acquitted
1584:Zuchthaus
1580:Gefängnis
1354:Freikorps
1304:Blutfahne
1229:Kampfbund
1114:Max Amann
1001:Kampfbund
927:Kampfbund
902:Gefreiter
897:Karl Mayr
778:Kampfbund
653:1929-1933
546:1918-1923
479:15 killed
189:Kampfbund
6732:Religion
6253:Utah War
6123:(64–313)
6100:Violence
5990:Domicide
5942:Yazidism
5859:Hinduism
5817:Buddhism
5793:By group
5739:Category
5664:(sister)
5640:(mother)
5634:(father)
5593:Downfall
5139:Prophecy
5134:Speeches
5094:Politics
4664:NSDAP/AO
4426:(1961).
4405:(1960).
4370:(2017).
4348:(2008).
4282:(2003).
4232:21 March
4205:26 April
4199:Archived
4010:(1999).
3665:26 March
3460:(1941).
3366:, p. 36
3333:28 March
3318:(2001).
3074:(1924).
3011:Archived
2792:See also
2176:cremated
2064:swastika
1841:Bayreuth
1608:morphine
1269:hostages
984:General
967:von Kahr
886:Marxists
878:Austrian
488:4 killed
90:Location
53:Part of
6486:(1963)
6243:(1700s)
5958:Methods
5915:Judaism
5901:Sunnism
5891:Shi'ism
5802:Atheism
5314:Werwolf
5268:Berghof
4541:History
3922:, p. 22
3898:1871460
3861:, p. 38
3757:1283584
3713:1094713
2950:as the
2246:removed
2231:sources
1970:scholar
1834:Oschatz
1781:Leipzig
1489:Austria
1433:Judases
1391:cabinet
1157:in the
1031:Seisser
811:treason
788:Bavaria
710:Related
659:Blutmai
383: (
357:†
291: (
198:(NSDAP)
99:Bavaria
6715:(2024)
6704:(2023)
6698:(2020)
6692:(2019)
6686:(2019)
6644:(2011)
6626:(2002)
6620:(2001)
6614:(2000)
6608:(2000)
6600:(1999)
6594:(1995)
6576:(1990)
6568:(1989)
6556:(1984)
6532:(1971)
6524:(1966)
6518:(1966)
6504:(1963)
6498:(1963)
6492:(1963)
6480:(1955)
6468:(1950)
6444:(1948)
6420:(1947)
6414:(1946)
6408:(1946)
6402:(1946)
6372:(1933)
6360:(1924)
6279:(1909)
6267:(1864)
6261:(1860)
6177:(1191)
6159:(1099)
6153:(1096)
6114:Events
6050:Pogrom
5896:Sufism
5698:Blondi
5628:(wife)
5618:Family
5579:Moloch
5409:Health
5374:Munich
5364:Vienna
5258:Führer
5189:Events
5180:Nazism
5102:Führer
4583:Nazism
4533:(1945)
4511:Leader
4415:
4384:
4356:
4334:
4292:
4261:
4135:
4112:
4048:
4022:
3966:
3904:
3896:
3827:Hitler
3807:
3801:724014
3799:
3755:
3711:
3577:
3437:
3408:
3370:
3217:
3159:
3132:
3086:
2948:German
2920:
2786:
2711:, and
2680:, and
2138:Every
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1902:Legacy
1856:Bremen
1633:wrote
1549:Führer
1515:judges
1468:, and
1345:, the
1218:et al.
1037:Lossow
1006:Berlin
784:Munich
466:2,000+
353:
148:Result
140:Action
95:Munich
34:, see
6147:(732)
5876:Islam
5708:Other
5700:(dog)
5525:Books
5441:Staff
5231:Death
5175:Books
3902:S2CID
3894:JSTOR
3845:p. 21
3805:S2CID
3797:JSTOR
3753:JSTOR
3709:JSTOR
3078:[
2658:loden
1977:JSTOR
1963:books
1722:]
1709:]
1696:]
1683:]
1570:]
1380:]
1296:]
1265:]
1212:dawn!
790:, on
5784:and
5359:Linz
5127:List
4971:) /
4413:OCLC
4382:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4332:ISBN
4290:ISBN
4259:ISBN
4234:2024
4207:2009
4171:bei
4133:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4089:2023
4065:PT21
4046:ISBN
4020:ISBN
3964:ISBN
3667:2011
3643:PT22
3575:ISBN
3543:2014
3479:PT20
3435:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3335:2023
3302:Time
3215:ISBN
3157:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3084:OCLC
3055:2023
2229:any
2227:cite
1949:news
1866:Riga
1629:and
1517:and
1507:jury
1382:and
1054:Time
1034:and
1025:Kahr
1019:Kahr
995:Kahr
978:and
833:and
737:The
206:(SA)
82:Date
6105:War
3886:doi
3789:doi
3745:doi
3699:doi
2956:or
2240:by
2140:Gau
1932:by
1521:in
1509:as
1472:at
1267:as
1192:it.
1147:to
749:by
469:130
386:WIA
294:WIA
6747::
5286:/
4980:/
4669:SS
4603:SA
4380:.
4376:.
4330:.
4224:.
4175::
4163::
4127:.
4104:.
4080:.
3900:.
3892:.
3882:16
3880:.
3857:,
3841:,
3803:.
3795:.
3783:.
3773:;
3751:.
3741:42
3739:.
3733:.
3707:.
3695:37
3693:.
3687:.
3658:.
3625:^
3586:^
3558:,
3533:.
3517:^
3486:^
3449:^
3433:.
3431:69
3400:,
3378:^
3362:,
3322:.
3300:.
3277:^
3144:^
3114:^
3096:^
3063:^
3022:^
2788:|}
2730:.
2707:,
2703:,
2699:,
2695:,
2684:.
2676:,
2672:,
2668:,
2478:††
2110:.
1775:.
1756:SS
1746:SA
1720:de
1707:de
1694:de
1681:de
1568:de
1525:.
1464:,
1460:,
1378:de
1294:de
1271:.
1263:de
1174:,
1124:,
1120:,
1116:,
1112:,
1104:,
1100:,
1096:,
1092:,
1075:SA
915:("
841:.
813:.
786:,
763:,
101:,
97:,
5774:e
5767:t
5760:v
5390:)
5386:(
5380:)
5376:(
5370:)
5366:(
5338:)
5290:)
5280:(
5274:)
5270:(
5079:e
5072:t
5065:v
4967:(
4495:e
4488:t
4481:v
4419:.
4390:.
4362:.
4340:.
4298:.
4267:.
4236:.
4209:.
4091:.
4067:.
4028:.
3972:.
3908:.
3888::
3811:.
3791::
3785:1
3759:.
3747::
3715:.
3701::
3669:.
3645:.
3581:.
3545:.
3481:.
3443:.
3337:.
3163:.
3138:.
3090:.
3057:.
2522:†
2419:†
2267:)
2261:(
2256:)
2252:(
2248:.
2234:.
1999:)
1993:(
1988:)
1984:(
1974:·
1967:·
1960:·
1953:·
1926:.
1836:.
1826:.
1767:.
1758:-
1737:.
1497:(
753:(
524:e
517:t
510:v
389:)
297:)
38:.
20:)
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