284:
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29:
547:'s lads" attempt to cross it, and their horses will have to make do with swimming over "great rivers." Gangleri says that it doesn't seem that the gods "built the bridge in good faith if it is liable to break, considering that they can do as they please." High responds that the gods do not deserve blame for the breaking of the bridge, for "there is nothing in this world that will be secure when Muspell's sons attack."
1306:
535:
what way exists between heaven and earth. Laughing, High replies that the question isn't an intelligent one, and goes on to explain that the gods built a bridge from heaven and earth. He incredulously asks
Gangleri if he has not heard the story before. High says that Gangleri must have seen it, and
658:
stanza mentioning Thor and the bridge stanza may mean that "Thor has to go on foot in the last days of the destruction, when the bridge is burning. Another interpretation, however, is that when Thor leaves the heavens (i.e., when a thunder-storm is over) the rainbow-bridge becomes hot in the sun."
578:
that mention the bridge (see above). Gangleri asks if fire burns over Bifröst. High says that the red in the bridge is burning fire, and, without it, the frost jotnar and mountain jotnar would "go up into heaven" if anyone who wanted could cross Bifröst. High adds that, in heaven, "there are many
2218:
3158:
2208:
590:
in chapter 27, High says that
Heimdallr lives in Himinbjörg by Bifröst, and guards the bridge from mountain jotnar while sitting at the edge of heaven. In chapter 34, High quotes the first of the two
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540:. High says that the bridge consists of three colors, has great strength, "and is built with art and skill to a greater extent than other constructions."
2158:
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747:
457:. From there, the gods will cross Bilröst, which will break apart as they cross over it, causing their horses to dredge through an immense river.
669:, "a bridge between earth and the underworld, or earth and the world of the dead." Several scholars have proposed that Bifröst may represent the
665:
points to a parallel between Bifröst, which he notes is "a bridge between earth and heaven, or earth and the world of the gods", and the bridge
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235:(meaning "to shimmer" or "to shake")—noting that the element evokes notions of the "lustrous sheen" of the bridge. Austrian Germanist
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is the original form of the two (which Simek says is likely), "the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow" (possibly connected to
3178:
1732:
1642:
771:
713:, recalls Bifröst. It departs from the earth at a tangent, allowing immortal Elves but not mortal Men to travel the
574:, a holy well where the gods have their court. As a reference, Just-As-High quotes the second of the two stanzas in
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223:(meaning "a moment")—"suggests the fleeting nature of the rainbow," which he connects to the first element of
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598:. High says that, during Ragnarök, the sky will split open, and from the split will ride forth the "sons of
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across it (with the exception of Thor, who instead wades through the boiling waters of the rivers
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is foretold. Scholars have proposed that the bridge may have originally represented the
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586:"stands at the edge of heaven where Bifrost reaches heaven." While describing the god
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with cosmological knowledge, including that Bilröst is the best of bridges. Later in
253:
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602:". When the "sons of Muspell" ride over Bifröst it will break, "as was said above."
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Thor wades through rivers while the rest of the æsir ride across Bifröst (1895) by
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and have noted parallels between the bridge and another bridge in Norse mythology,
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615:, the bridge receives a single mention. In chapter 16, a work by the 10th century
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337:, Grímnir notes that Asbrú "burns all with flames" and that, every day, the god
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beautiful places" and that "everywhere there has divine protection around it."
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stanzas that mention the bridge. In chapter 51, High foretells the events of
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1915:
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The
Evolution of Tolkien's Mythology: A Study of the History of Middle-earth
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707:, the "level bridge" of "The Fall of Númenor", an early version of the
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that, during the events of Ragnarök, bearing spears, gods will meet at
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109:
3159:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
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2118:
1920:
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543:
High notes that, although the bridge is strong, it will break when "
126:, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; as
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1179:
Norse
Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
635:
629:
616:
528:
524:
482:
466:
282:
141:
36:
stands before the rainbow bridge while blowing his horn (1905) by
27:
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1261:
Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the
Learned Part I
692:
622:
is provided, where Bifröst is referred to as "the powers' way."
338:
326:
1320:
215:
may mean "shimmering path." He notes that the first element of
2306:
1617:
1537:
695:
summons a rainbow bridge, over which the gods cross to enter
736:
and in subsequent adaptations of those comic books. In the
471:
Bifröst appears in the background as the gods do battle in
73:
634:
Bifröst in the background, Heimdallr explains to a young
64:
1109:
Tolkien and the Great War: The
Threshold of Middle-earth
582:
In chapter 17, High tells
Gangleri that the location of
2209:
people, clan, and place names in
Germanic heroic legend
1133:
Wagner's Ring: A Listener's
Companion & Concordance
243:
either means "the swaying road to heaven" (also citing
76:
79:
70:
67:
61:
3383:
3273:
3232:
3151:
3144:
3054:
3016:
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2227:
2149:
2039:
1741:
1676:
1523:
1390:
1367:
728:Bifröst appears in comic books associated with the
58:
1038:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
19:"Bifrost" redirects here. For other uses, see
1332:
8:
3061:
1361:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1006:
878:
876:
851:
849:
3148:
2626:
1387:
1339:
1325:
1317:
867:
828:
531:in disguise) asks the enthroned figure of
2159:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
257:, perhaps meaning "moment, weak point").
16:Rainbow bridge between Asgard and Midgard
1036:The Science & Entertainment Exchange
954:
942:
930:
918:
906:
894:
882:
855:
804:
763:
420:For heaven's bridge burns all in flame,
366:Körmt and Ormt, and the Kerlaugs twain:
299:, the bridge is mentioned in the poems
1150:Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999).
994:
978:
966:
840:
273:provide information about the bridge:
1018:
982:
816:
792:
410:(When dooms to give he forth shall go
404:Kormt and Ormt and the Kerlaugs twain
7:
638:how all things came to be (1920) by
386:for as the As-bridge is all on fire,
315:. In one of two stanzas in the poem
2219:named weapons, armour and treasures
1207:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
1135:. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
1075:. American Scandinavian Foundation.
562:, and that every day the gods ride
152:alternately refer to the bridge as
3396:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1080:Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995).
725:after the world has been remade.
536:notes that Gangleri may call it a
183:. The bridge's destruction during
14:
558:says that Bifröst is also called
407:Shall Thor each day wade through,
372:each day, when he to council goes
136:, written in the 13th century by
2059:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1304:
1234:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
329:in disguise) provides the young
54:
499:The bridge is mentioned in the
171:, the bridge ends in heaven at
2496:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1:
1236:. Translated by Angela Hall.
515:, where it is referred to as
311:, where it is referred to as
3422:Locations in Norse mythology
1032:"Under the Microscope: Thor"
750:describes the Bifröst as an
341:wades through the waters of
116:. The bridge is attested as
104:bridge that reaches between
2566:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1264:. London: Trübner & Co.
321:that mentions the bridge,
175:, the residence of the god
3450:
3233:Festivals and holy periods
646:In his translation of the
18:
2501:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2214:named animals and plants
1358:
1270:Whittingham, Elizabeth A.
1114:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
774:. Collins Dictionary. n.d
738:Marvel Cinematic Universe
473:Battle of the Doomed Gods
179:, who guards it from the
2322:Black elves (Svartálfar)
489:The Twilight of the Gods
487:Bifröst is shattered in
21:Bifrost (disambiguation)
3204:Sacred trees and groves
2444:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2317:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1184:Oxford University Press
1156:Oxford World's Classics
477:Friedrich Wilhelm Heine
140:; and in the poetry of
3062:
2312:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1961:Narfi (father of Nott)
681:In the final scene of
643:
496:
480:
436:
292:
41:
2454:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1733:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1131:Holman, J.K. (2001).
772:"Definition: Bifrost"
752:Einstein–Rosen bridge
633:
486:
470:
389:the holy waters boil.
351:
286:
269:and two books in the
31:
3427:Mythological bridges
3224:Wetlands and islands
2344:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1313:at Wikimedia Commons
1067:Bellows, Henry Adams
369:these Thor must wade
3432:Rainbows in culture
2506:Narfi (son of Loki)
1653:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
997:, pp. 126–127.
652:Henry Adams Bellows
519:. In chapter 13 of
398:Henry Adams Bellows
112:, the realm of the
3152:Religious practice
3126:Old Norse language
2593:Váli (son of Loki)
2481:Líf and Lífthrasir
2389:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2384:Horses of the Æsir
2364:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1505:Váli (son of Odin)
1348:Old Norse religion
654:comments that the
644:
497:
481:
293:
42:
3409:
3408:
3401:Nordic Bronze Age
3391:Germanic paganism
3379:
3378:
3250:Germanic calendar
3214:Temple at Uppsala
3012:
3011:
2616:
2615:
2576:Þjálfi and Röskva
2520:Personifications
1383:and other figures
1309:Media related to
1289:978-1-4766-1174-7
1247:978-0-85991-513-7
1221:978-0-304-34520-5
1193:978-0-19-515382-8
1165:978-0-19-283946-6
1142:978-1-57467-070-7
1123:978-0-618-57481-0
1095:978-0-460-87616-2
981:, p. 81 and
715:Old Straight Road
550:In chapter 15 of
435:
434:
401:
363:
265:Two poems in the
187:by the forces of
167:According to the
3439:
3149:
3067:
2834:Grove of fetters
2627:
2334:Fjalar (rooster)
2094:Fjalar and Galar
1388:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1308:
1293:
1265:
1256:Thorpe, Benjamin
1251:
1225:
1197:
1169:
1146:
1127:
1099:
1076:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:on July 26, 2011
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1007:Whittingham 2008
1004:
998:
992:
986:
976:
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964:
958:
952:
946:
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922:
916:
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898:
897:, pp. 17–18
892:
886:
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871:
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859:
853:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
819:, pp. 36–37
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
768:
719:earthly paradise
701:J. R. R. Tolkien
413:To the ash-tree
396:
358:
353:
352:
138:Snorri Sturluson
95:
94:
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85:
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60:
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3405:
3375:
3331:Norse cosmology
3269:
3228:
3140:
3136:Later influence
3050:
3008:
2722:Other locations
2717:
2666:
2612:
2539:Sumarr and Vetr
2223:
2145:
2035:
1836:Gjálp and Greip
1737:
1672:
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1172:
1166:
1152:The Poetic Edda
1149:
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1079:
1072:The Poetic Edda
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868:Larrington 1999
866:
862:
854:
847:
839:
835:
829:Larrington 1999
827:
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811:
803:
799:
791:
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769:
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679:
628:
465:
449:tells the hero
360:Benjamin Thorpe
281:
263:
205:
100:, is a burning
96:), also called
89:
88:
87:
57:
53:
46:Norse mythology
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3026:Æsir–Vanir War
3022:
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2864:Hoddmímis holt
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2716:
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2700:
2698:Körmt and Örmt
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1299:External links
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685:'s 1869 opera
683:Richard Wagner
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568:Körmt and Örmt
512:Skáldskaparmál
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289:Lorenz Frølich
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3121:Völsung Cycle
3119:
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1231:
1230:Simek, Rudolf
1227:
1223:
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1208:
1203:
1202:Orchard, Andy
1199:
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1027:
1024:
1021:, p. 86.
1020:
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870:, p. 160
869:
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731:
730:Marvel Comics
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688:Das Rheingold
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425:sacred waters
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164:'s bridge").
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39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3084:
3077:
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3041:Hjaðningavíg
2819:Glæsisvellir
2748:
2359:Gullinbursti
2006:Útgarða-Loki
1400:Almáttki áss
1274:
1260:
1233:
1206:
1178:
1174:Lindow, John
1151:
1132:
1107:
1081:
1071:
1044:. Retrieved
1040:the original
1035:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
985:, p. 36
974:
969:, p. 81
962:
957:, p. 77
955:Faulkes 1995
950:
945:, p. 53
943:Faulkes 1995
938:
933:, p. 34
931:Faulkes 1995
926:
921:, p. 25
919:Faulkes 1995
914:
909:, p. 20
907:Faulkes 1995
902:
895:Faulkes 1995
890:
885:, p. 15
883:Faulkes 1995
863:
858:, p. 96
856:Bellows 1923
843:, p. 22
836:
831:, p. 44
824:
812:
807:, p. 19
805:Orchard 1997
800:
795:, p. 19
788:
776:. Retrieved
766:
741:
727:
717:to the lost
708:
686:
680:
661:
655:
647:
645:
640:Willy Pogany
620:Úlfr Uggason
610:
606:
604:
591:
581:
575:
564:their horses
559:
556:Just-As-High
552:Gylfaginning
551:
549:
542:
521:Gylfaginning
520:
516:
510:
506:Gylfaginning
504:
500:
498:
493:Willy Pogany
488:
472:
461:
442:, the dying
439:
437:
400:translation:
362:translation:
345:and the two
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296:
294:
277:
270:
266:
264:
261:Attestations
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:Rudolf Simek
232:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:Andy Orchard
206:
168:
166:
153:
149:
145:
131:
127:
121:
117:
108:(Earth) and
97:
49:
43:
38:Emil Doepler
25:
3199:Reginnaglar
3131:Orthography
3104:Jómsvíkinga
3079:Poetic Edda
2992:Urðarbrunnr
2987:Mímisbrunnr
2919:Singasteinn
2849:Hindarfjall
2829:Gnipahellir
2809:Ginnungagap
2784:Fyrisvellir
2779:Fornsigtuna
2713:Vimur River
2703:Slidr River
2476:Jörmungandr
1886:Hrímgrímnir
1515:Vili and Vé
1238:D.S. Brewer
1104:Garth, John
995:Holman 2001
979:Lindow 2001
967:Lindow 2001
841:Thorpe 1907
748:Jane Foster
705:legendarium
677:Adaptations
663:John Lindow
572:Urðarbrunnr
570:) to reach
297:Poetic Edda
278:Poetic Edda
267:Poetic Edda
146:Poetic Edda
144:. Both the
123:Poetic Edda
3416:Categories
3366:Viking Age
3341:Philosophy
3209:Sonargöltr
3094:Runestones
3086:Prose Edda
3031:Fimbulvetr
2982:Hvergelmir
2949:Valaskjálf
2909:Sessrúmnir
2879:Jötunheimr
2854:Hlidskjalf
2844:Himinbjörg
2814:Glaðsheimr
2799:Gastropnir
2754:Bilskirnir
2734:Amsvartnir
2647:Gjallarbrú
2630:Underworld
2586:Landvættir
2486:Loddfáfnir
2464:Svaðilfari
2449:Hófvarpnir
2394:Blóðughófi
2374:Hildisvíni
2250:Aurvandill
2011:Vafþrúðnir
1996:Þrúðgelmir
1856:Harðgreipr
1059:References
1019:Garth 2003
983:Simek 2007
817:Simek 2007
793:Simek 2007
778:16 October
732:character
710:Akallabeth
691:, the god
667:Gjallarbrú
656:Grímnismál
648:Prose Edda
607:Prose Edda
592:Grímnismál
584:Himinbjörg
576:Grímnismál
501:Prose Edda
491:(1920) by
475:(1882) by
462:Prose Edda
335:Grímnismál
318:Grímnismál
302:Grímnismál
271:Prose Edda
239:says that
197:Gjallarbrú
173:Himinbjörg
169:Prose Edda
150:Prose Edda
133:Prose Edda
3321:Mead hall
3255:Þorrablót
3109:Legendary
3004:Yggdrasil
2964:Víðbláinn
2959:Vanaheimr
2934:Þrymheimr
2929:Þrúðvangr
2924:Þrúðheimr
2894:Munarvágr
2884:Mímameiðr
2859:Hnitbjorg
2774:Fólkvangr
2759:Brávellir
2708:Vadgelmir
2693:Kerlaugar
2662:Niðafjöll
2622:Locations
2598:Valkyries
2546:Sæhrímnir
2434:Gulltoppr
2399:Falhófnir
2297:Einherjar
2280:Landdísir
2114:Mótsognir
2104:Hreiðmarr
2016:Víðblindi
1966:Sökkmímir
1956:Mögþrasir
1916:Hyrrokkin
1881:Hrímgerðr
1876:Hræsvelgr
1866:Helreginn
1861:Helblindi
1781:Bergelmir
1445:Ítreksjóð
1352:mythology
1280:McFarland
671:Milky Way
588:Heimdallr
440:Fáfnismál
415:Yggdrasil
377:Yggdrasil
347:Kerlaugar
325:(the god
308:Fáfnismál
247:) or, if
229:Old Norse
203:Etymology
193:Milky Way
158:Old Norse
34:Heimdallr
3384:See also
3306:Hamingja
3260:Vetrnætr
3245:Dísablót
3240:Álfablót
3046:Ragnarök
2954:Valhalla
2944:Útgarðar
2889:Myrkviðr
2874:Járnviðr
2869:Iðavöllr
2789:Gálgviðr
2769:Fensalir
2678:Élivágar
2652:Náströnd
2642:Éljúðnir
2511:Níðhöggr
2459:Sleipnir
2429:Gullfaxi
2329:Fimafeng
2245:Auðumbla
2064:Billingr
1991:Þrívaldi
1976:Suttungr
1931:Járnsaxa
1901:Hrungnir
1831:Gillingr
1826:Geirröðr
1806:Fárbauti
1796:Býleistr
1761:Angrboða
1713:Gullveig
1425:Heimdall
1415:Dellingr
1272:(2008).
1258:(1907).
1232:(2007).
1204:(1997).
1176:(2001).
1106:(2003).
1086:Everyman
1069:(1923).
697:Valhalla
626:Theories
596:Ragnarök
525:Gangleri
455:Óskópnir
423:And the
207:Scholar
185:Ragnarök
177:Heimdall
148:and the
32:The god
3336:Numbers
3316:Kenning
3189:Worship
3145:Society
3055:Sources
2974:Vingólf
2969:Vígríðr
2939:Uppsala
2904:Okolnir
2824:Glitnir
2794:Gandvik
2749:Bifröst
2739:Andlang
2657:Niflhel
2603:Völundr
2551:Skírnir
2491:Móðguðr
2287:Dragons
2270:Byggvir
2099:Gandalf
2084:Dvalinn
2054:Andvari
1891:Hrímnir
1846:Gunnlöð
1816:Fornjót
1811:Fjölvar
1791:Bölþorn
1766:Aurboða
1756:Alvaldi
1708:Gersemi
1525:Ásynjur
1430:Hermóðr
1420:Forseti
1370:Deities
1311:Bifröst
1212:Cassell
1046:May 24,
723:Valinor
605:In the
600:Muspell
545:Muspell
538:rainbow
517:Bifröst
427:seethe.
323:Grímnir
313:Bilröst
295:In the
249:Bilröst
241:Bifröst
225:Bifröst
217:Bilröst
213:Bifröst
189:Muspell
130:in the
128:Bifröst
120:in the
118:Bilröst
106:Midgard
102:rainbow
98:Bilröst
50:Bifröst
3179:Horses
3018:Events
2999:Ýdalir
2978:Wells
2914:Sindri
2899:Nóatún
2764:Brimir
2729:Asgard
2688:Ífingr
2671:Rivers
2581:Vættir
2439:Gyllir
2349:Fylgja
2339:Fenrir
2292:Draugs
2228:Others
2151:Heroes
2134:Brokkr
2089:Fáfnir
2079:Dúrnir
2074:Durinn
2049:Alvíss
2041:Dwarfs
2026:Vörnir
1936:Laufey
1801:Eggþér
1786:Bestla
1743:Jötnar
1728:Njörðr
1723:Kvasir
1686:Freyja
1638:Snotra
1598:Njörun
1553:Gefjon
1510:Víðarr
1450:Lóðurr
1379:jötnar
1375:dwarfs
1286:
1244:
1218:
1190:
1162:
1139:
1120:
1092:
527:(King
503:books
451:Sigurd
447:Fafnir
331:Agnarr
181:jötnar
142:skalds
110:Asgard
3371:Völva
3361:Skald
3356:Seiðr
3351:Runes
3346:Rings
3311:Heiti
3296:Galdr
3291:Félag
3281:Death
3274:Other
3184:Hörgr
3099:Sagas
2839:Heiðr
2804:Gimlé
2744:Barri
2683:Gjöll
2608:Vörðr
2571:Troll
2556:Sköll
2516:Norns
2424:Grani
2419:Glenr
2409:Glaðr
2379:Hjúki
2354:Garmr
2307:Elves
2302:Eldir
2275:Dísir
2255:Beyla
2189:Hi–Hy
2139:Eitri
2124:Regin
2069:Dáinn
2021:Vosud
2001:Þrymr
1981:Þjazi
1971:Surtr
1941:Leikn
1911:Hymir
1906:Hrymr
1896:Hroðr
1871:Hljod
1851:Gymir
1841:Gríðr
1821:Gangr
1771:Baugi
1718:Hnoss
1701:Yngvi
1691:Freyr
1678:Vanir
1658:Þrúðr
1633:Skaði
1628:Sjöfn
1623:Sigyn
1608:Rindr
1593:Nanna
1573:Iðunn
1558:Gerðr
1548:Fulla
1543:Frigg
1470:Mímir
1465:Meili
1440:Hœnir
1410:Bragi
1405:Baldr
758:Notes
740:film
699:. In
636:Hnoss
617:skald
609:book
560:Asbrú
529:Gylfi
231:verb
227:—the
154:Ásbrú
86:
3301:Goði
3286:Ergi
3265:Yule
3164:Blót
3072:Edda
2534:Nótt
2529:Elli
2524:Dagr
2471:Jörð
2414:Glær
2404:Gísl
2265:Búri
2260:Borr
2240:Auðr
2184:H–He
2109:Litr
2031:Ymir
1986:Þökk
1951:Logi
1946:Litr
1776:Beli
1751:Ægir
1613:Sága
1588:Lofn
1583:Irpa
1578:Ilmr
1568:Hlín
1500:Ullr
1490:Thor
1480:Odin
1460:Máni
1455:Loki
1435:Höðr
1392:Æsir
1350:and
1284:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1216:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1082:Edda
1048:2011
780:2014
743:Thor
734:Thor
693:Froh
533:High
509:and
444:wyrm
339:Thor
327:Odin
305:and
245:bifa
233:bifa
162:Æsir
114:gods
3326:Nīþ
3169:Hof
2637:Hel
2369:Hel
2204:T–Y
2199:P–S
2194:I–O
2179:F–G
2174:D–E
2169:B–C
2119:Ótr
1921:Iði
1668:Vör
1663:Vár
1648:Syn
1643:Sól
1618:Sif
1603:Rán
1563:Gná
1538:Eir
1533:Bil
1495:Týr
1485:Óðr
721:of
703:'s
438:In
381:ash
379:'s
375:at
254:bil
221:bil
44:In
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3219:Vé
1926:Ím
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