25:
1538:
509:
275:
97:
1550:
586:
575:
659:
One interesting feature of the BiiN was that the CPU sets could be used to provide either fault tolerance, as in the Tandem systems, or parallel processing, as in the
Pyramid and Sequent systems. This allowed users to tailor their systems to their needs, even on the fly. The BiiN systems also
371:), who had an interest in fault tolerant computers for use in nuclear installations, while Intel provided the technology, and the whole project was organised with alternate layers of Siemens and Intel management and engineers. Siemens staff stemmed from its various divisions, not just
453:, and were sceptical that the BiiN systems would deliver anything that the Sequent systems could not. Eventually Intel and Siemens could not agree on further funding, and the venture ended. Several pre-orders on the books were cancelled, and the technology essentially disappeared.
414:, was also created in order to avoid Foreign Ownership and Controlling Interest (FOCI) problems in selling to the US government. Intel owned all the silicon designs which were licensed to Siemens, while Siemens owned all the software and documentation and licensed them to Intel.
664:, processors were paired so that they could check one another's calculations. In event of an error, the processors would stop, and the circuitry would determine which was faulty. This processor would then be excluded from the system, and the computer would restart. In
441:
and others were operating. In order to compete here they had to make sure their first designs were as powerful as the best from the other vendors, and by the time such a system was ready both Intel and
Siemens had spent about $ 300 million with no shipping units.
248:
The company was closed down in
October 1989, and folded in April 1990, with no significant sales. The whole project was considered within Intel to have been so poorly managed that the company name was considered to be an acronym for
3197:
3713:
3703:
3693:
2832:
2649:
54:
3327:
2935:
2837:
3698:
3688:
3037:
2847:
637:, integration of all CPU functions on a single chip, and including an FPU. The CPUs were hosted on cards that included an I/O support CPU and either 8 to 16MB of
359:, and national television services. The central themes of the R&D effort were to be transparent multiprocessing and file distribution, dynamically switchable
2852:
2842:
2827:
2654:
3718:
697:, that resembled a lot command shells' functionality only a couple of years later, like editable history and so forth. Documentation for Gemini was done in
3723:
3400:
3027:
3017:
2644:
3708:
1857:
1695:
3683:
3307:
2880:
3297:
984:
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464:
CPU. For this role most of the "advanced" features were removed, including the complex tagged memory system, task control system, most of the
1740:
1440:
2001:
1986:
1910:
1900:
751:
Pollack, F.; Kahn, K.; Dennis, T.D.; Holzhammer, G.; D'Hooge, H.; Tolopka, S. (1990). "An object-oriented distributed operating system".
3042:
1905:
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1915:
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668:
the fault-checking pairs were duplicated, so that if an error occurred the second pair could immediately take over the calculations.
339:, a research project equally funded by Intel and Siemens. The project's aim was to design and build a complete system for so-called "
3623:
3352:
3302:
828:
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556:
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76:
733:
3629:
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1979:
1957:
1952:
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253:. However, several subset versions of the processor designed for the project were later offered commercially as versions of the
3393:
3332:
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1962:
1937:
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1238:
410:, and in July 1988 was launched as a company wholly owned by Intel and Siemens. A second company wholly owned by Intel, called
406:
Since neither
Siemens nor Intel could see how to market this new architecture if it were broken up, in 1985 the project became
622:
even within programs (as opposed to most CPU's, which offer protection only between programs), a full set of instructions for
3237:
2128:
2097:
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1705:
1309:
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300:
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3192:
2699:
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2109:
1969:
1932:
1885:
1815:
1494:
877:
753:
Digest of Papers
Compcon Spring '90. Thirty-Fifth IEEE Computer Society International Conference on Intellectual Leverage
2997:
2171:
2121:
2085:
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1435:
1233:
872:
37:
3277:
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2195:
2166:
2158:
2116:
2104:
2080:
1745:
1700:
1228:
1168:
979:
633:, the 960 XA had fairly good performance, mostly as a side effect of dramatically reducing the complexity of the core
3529:
519:
285:
47:
41:
33:
3386:
3342:
2073:
1715:
1389:
889:
860:
538:
523:
304:
289:
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1409:
1394:
1124:
919:
676:
348:
58:
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795:
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1991:
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was similar, but supported up to eight CPUs. Both machines could be used in larger multi-machine systems.
344:
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1800:
1765:
1243:
1024:
939:
821:
623:
530:
396:
296:
679:), applications, development tools, and every other piece of BiiN software was written exclusively in
3287:
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1414:
1304:
894:
684:
638:
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764:
619:
165:
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3535:
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3357:
3244:
2680:
2478:
2372:
2227:
2059:
2014:
1542:
1354:
884:
814:
756:
672:
422:
418:
340:
3378:
3645:
3540:
3431:
2335:
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1004:
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488:
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392:
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was an entry-level machine with one or two processors, and an interesting battery-backed
363:, and a high level of security. Siemens provided the funding through its energy division
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778:
491:
had licensed the silicon designs for use in the
Advanced Tactical Fighter (now the
380:
3563:
3292:
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2602:
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2446:
2405:
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1974:
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649:
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BiiN aimed their designs at the high-end fault tolerant market, competing with
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1630:
1142:
924:
796:
BiiN CPU Architecture
Reference Manual (describes i960XA instruction set)
713:
356:
223:
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With the closing of the project, Intel used the basic RISC core of the
196:
449:
s own computer division into the mix. They had long been working with
3410:
2910:
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2010:
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Now integrated into other
Siemens divisions or business groupings
800:
2822:
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2487:
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1825:
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959:
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481:
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3382:
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810:
2416:
2368:
2155:
1830:
709:
502:
457:
379:). The core development labs were located on an Intel site in
268:
18:
806:
445:
In 1989 Siemens underwent a reorganization, which brought
3198:
List of Intel graphics processing units (2013 or earlier)
207:
was a company created out of a joint research project by
1566:
701:
with a project proprietary set of macros or with the
3608:
3462:
3424:
3130:
3079:
3058:
3051:
3010:
2923:
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2675:
2473:
2415:
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2303:
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2222:
2215:
2154:
2054:
2009:
2000:
1873:
1673:
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1428:
1327:
1297:
1221:
1207:
1181:
1072:
1053:
1044:
910:
853:
844:
495:), where it apparently continues to be used today.
186:
176:
160:
152:
137:
119:
111:
103:
3419:Peak annual revenues of $ 100 million or more
391:, Maxim Ehrlich's team creating the Gemini DBMS),
618:, the 960 XA included tagged memory for complete
3328:Intel International Science and Engineering Fair
355:), military applications intolerant of computer
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
3714:Defunct computer companies of the United States
3038:Intel Corporation Inc. v CPM United Kingdom Ltd
975:Siemens Home & Office Communication Devices
683:— perhaps the largest non-military use of that
3394:
1851:
1582:
822:
740:: 1.35. October 21, 1989 – via Reuters.
660:provided two versions of fault tolerance. In
480:for the embedded role in the late 1990s, the
8:
476:processor use. Before Intel switched to the
472:. The result was a "naked" core, useful for
89:
3028:Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
3018:Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.
537:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
303:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3401:
3387:
3379:
3055:
2300:
2219:
2006:
1858:
1844:
1836:
1696:Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
1589:
1575:
1567:
1218:
1050:
850:
829:
815:
807:
484:was one of Intel's most popular products.
95:
88:
3704:Computer companies disestablished in 1990
3694:American companies disestablished in 1990
3308:List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel
557:Learn how and when to remove this message
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
3298:List of semiconductor fabrication plants
3023:High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation
2936:Process–architecture–optimization model
1103:BSH Bosch & Siemens Home Appliances
725:
626:, and complex microcode to run it all.
16:Former multi-processor computer company
3699:Computer companies established in 1982
3689:American companies established in 1982
383:, but there were also Siemens labs in
230:designs. BiiN was an outgrowth of the
1741:Intel Display Power Saving Technology
1441:Northampton Kings Heath Siemens Depot
671:Also of historical note was that the
7:
1549:
734:"Intel and Siemens End Biin Venture"
535:adding citations to reliable sources
487:One odd historical footnote is that
301:adding citations to reliable sources
3719:Defunct computer hardware companies
3043:Silvaco Data Systems v. Intel Corp.
1796:Performance acceleration technology
985:Siemens IT Solutions & Services
866:Siemens Digital Industries Software
708:Development for Gemini happened on
375:(where the project unit was called
3724:Defunct computer systems companies
3409:Large companies formerly based in
3283:Intel Outstanding Researcher Award
3143:Mac transition to Intel processors
3138:Intel Foundation Achievement Award
369:Unternehmensbereich Energietechnik
14:
3709:Defunct companies based in Oregon
3353:Supervisor Mode Access Prevention
3303:List of Intel manufacturing sites
3684:1990 disestablishments in Oregon
3630:Evergreen International Aviation
2951:Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics
1548:
1537:
1536:
584:
573:
507:
273:
23:
3333:Regeneron Science Talent Search
3183:Dynamic video memory technology
2039:P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)
644:Two systems were designed, the
600:Key to the BiiN system was the
403:, involved in the development.
351:applications (such as managing
1706:Client Initiated Remote Access
1664:4Group Holdings (50% owned by
610:-based version of the earlier
1:
3679:1982 establishments in Oregon
3484:Electro Scientific Industries
3193:List of Intel microprocessors
1816:Stable Image Platform Program
1151:Siemens Matsushita Components
878:Siemens Building Technologies
343:" computing, such as on-line
257:, which became popular as an
1761:Intel system development kit
460:design as the basis for the
251:Billions Invested In Nothing
3278:Intel Mobile Communications
3203:I/O Acceleration Technology
1746:Intel Modular Server System
1701:Cache Acceleration Software
1169:German Shanghai Metro Group
980:Siemens Hearing Instruments
125:; 42 years ago
3750:
3343:Single-chip Cloud Computer
1716:Flexible Display Interface
1390:Carl Friedrich von Siemens
890:Siemens Financial Services
3530:McCormick & Schmick's
3417:
3348:Software Guard Extensions
3338:Simple Firmware Interface
1520:
1436:GroĂźsiedlung Siemensstadt
1410:Georg Wilhelm von Siemens
1395:Carl Heinrich von Siemens
1125:Fujitsu Siemens Computers
920:C. A. Parsons and Company
761:10.1109/CMPCON.1990.63666
666:continuous operation mode
606:processor, essentially a
399:(United States) and also
94:
3658:White Stag Manufacturing
3618:Consolidated Freightways
3570:Sequent Computer Systems
1512:List of Siemens products
692:command line interpreter
594:BiiN 20 and 60 computers
451:Sequent Computer Systems
439:Alliant Computer Systems
431:Sequent Computer Systems
32:This article includes a
3148:Intel Architecture Labs
1507:Werner von Siemens Ring
61:more precise citations.
3635:Floating Point Systems
2034:P6 variant (Pentium M)
1751:Intel Quick Sync Video
1711:Direct Media Interface
1340:Wilfried Feldenkirchen
1199:Siemens-Reiniger-Werke
1164:Primetals Technologies
1135:Nokia Siemens Networks
965:Siemens Communications
900:Varian Medical Systems
703:Scribe markup language
345:transaction processing
335:BiiN began in 1982 as
3599:Willamette Industries
3465:out-of-state entities
3213:IM Flash Technologies
3208:IA-32 Execution Layer
3188:Intel Extreme Masters
3178:Intel Developer Forum
3033:Intel Corp. v. Hamidi
1766:Intel Upgrade Service
1244:Siemens Modular Metro
940:Infineon Technologies
397:Princeton, New Jersey
237:project, ancestor of
3288:Intel SHA extensions
1415:Carl Wilhelm Siemens
1305:Elektrische Viktoria
1189:Siemens & Halske
1045:Joint ventures &
895:Siemens Healthineers
873:Smart Infrastructure
755:. pp. 143–152.
685:programming language
531:improve this section
425:, as opposed to the
412:BiiN Federal Systems
389:Sietec Systemtechnik
297:improve this section
3268:Intel Compute Stick
3263:Intel Cluster Ready
3168:Convera Corporation
1472:Siemens Competition
1400:Hermann von Siemens
1365:Heinrich von Pierer
955:Roke Manor Research
662:fault-checking mode
427:parallel processing
178:Number of employees
91:
3576:StanCorp Financial
3553:Oregon Steel Mills
3425:Moved out of state
3323:Intel PRO/Wireless
2833:Sandy Bridge-based
2002:Microarchitectures
1987:Microarchitectures
1686:Accounts & SSO
1646:Wind River Systems
1502:Siemens and unions
1477:Siemens Foundation
1405:Werner von Siemens
861:Digital Industries
801:BiiN documentation
738:The New York Times
435:Pyramid Technology
401:Nuremberg, Germany
349:industrial control
261:in the mid-1990s.
259:embedded processor
34:list of references
3666:
3665:
3536:Meier & Frank
3512:LaCrosse Footwear
3500:Harry & David
3478:Cascade Microtech
3449:Louisiana-Pacific
3376:
3375:
3368:Timeline of Intel
3238:The Beauty Inside
3126:
3125:
3006:
3005:
2919:
2918:
2292:
2291:
2211:
2210:
1821:Virtual 8086 mode
1736:Intel Clear Video
1636:Recon Instruments
1564:
1563:
1486:Siemens scandals
1385:Ernst von Siemens
1375:Jim Reid-Anderson
1360:Bernhard Plettner
1323:
1322:
1289:Mobility projects
1279:Software products
1194:Siemens-Schuckert
1177:
1176:
1040:
1039:
620:memory protection
567:
566:
559:
333:
332:
325:
219:high-performance
202:
201:
166:Hillsboro, Oregon
87:
86:
79:
3741:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3363:Intel Tera-Scale
3245:The Power Inside
3056:
2838:Ivy Bridge-based
2429:8/16-bit databus
2301:
2220:
2216:Current products
2007:
1867:Intel processors
1860:
1853:
1846:
1837:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1219:
1160:
1147:
1139:
1094:
1086:
1065:
1051:
885:Siemens Mobility
851:
831:
824:
817:
808:
803:at bitsavers.org
783:
782:
748:
742:
741:
730:
673:operating system
588:
577:
562:
555:
551:
548:
542:
511:
503:
423:Stratus Computer
419:Tandem Computers
353:nuclear reactors
341:mission critical
328:
321:
317:
314:
308:
277:
269:
226:build on custom
205:BiiN Corporation
148:
146:
133:
131:
126:
99:
92:
90:BiiN Corporation
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3646:Hollywood Video
3611:out of business
3610:
3604:
3593:West Coast Bank
3541:Mentor Graphics
3464:
3458:
3437:Integra Telecom
3432:Georgia-Pacific
3420:
3413:
3407:
3377:
3372:
3122:
3075:
3047:
3002:
2931:Tick–tock model
2915:
2859:
2848:Broadwell-based
2739:Extreme Edition
2671:
2469:
2411:
2362:
2329:
2288:
2207:
2150:
2050:
1996:
1869:
1864:
1835:
1669:
1655:
1600:
1595:
1565:
1560:
1516:
1455:
1424:
1380:Erich Reinhardt
1350:Klaus Kleinfeld
1345:Karlheinz Kaske
1319:
1293:
1249:Siemens Inspiro
1214:
1212:
1203:
1173:
1158:
1145:
1137:
1092:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1046:
1036:
1005:Siemens Plessey
1000:Siemens Nixdorf
970:Siemens Dematic
945:Mentor Graphics
912:
906:
846:
840:
835:
792:
787:
786:
771:
750:
749:
745:
732:
731:
727:
722:
635:instruction set
598:
597:
596:
595:
591:
590:
589:
580:
579:
578:
563:
552:
546:
543:
528:
512:
501:
489:Hughes Aircraft
393:Vienna, Austria
385:Berlin, Germany
361:fault tolerance
329:
318:
312:
309:
294:
278:
267:
221:multi-processor
182:300 (1989)
179:
172:
168:
144:
142:
129:
127:
124:
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3721:
3716:
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3691:
3686:
3681:
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3663:
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3660:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3558:Planar Systems
3555:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3492:
3487:
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3475:
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3460:
3459:
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3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3222:
3219:The Innovators
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:Brian Krzanich
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2686:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2650:NetBurst-based
2647:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2484:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:32-bit databus
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:16-bit databus
2436:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2376:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1888:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Amplify Tablet
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1625:Intel Security
1621:
1616:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Phoebus cartel
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Siemens Velaro
1266:
1261:
1259:Siemens SP260D
1256:
1254:Siemens Desiro
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Multiple units
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1216:
1213:services &
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1030:Siemens Gamesa
1027:
1020:Siemens Energy
1017:
1015:Wincor Nixdorf
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
990:Siemens Mobile
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
908:
907:
905:
904:
903:
902:
892:
887:
882:
881:
880:
870:
869:
868:
857:
855:
848:
842:
841:
836:
834:
833:
826:
819:
811:
805:
804:
798:
791:
790:External links
788:
785:
784:
769:
743:
724:
723:
721:
718:
652:. The larger
593:
592:
583:
582:
581:
572:
571:
570:
569:
568:
565:
564:
515:
513:
506:
500:
497:
429:market, where
331:
330:
281:
279:
272:
266:
263:
235:multiprocessor
232:Intel iAPX 432
228:microprocessor
217:fault tolerant
200:
199:
190:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
164:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
139:
135:
134:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3746:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:Sprouse-Reitz
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Intel Ireland
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Intel Capital
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Copy Exactly!
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3118:Pat Gelsinger
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Paul Otellini
3101:
3099:
3098:Craig Barrett
3096:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2853:Skylake-based
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Haswell-based
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Nehalem-based
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Original i586
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:Goldmont Plus
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Shooting Star
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Joint venture
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Siemens Goole
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1355:Peter Löscher
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Mobile phones
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Tram vehicles
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Siemens SP90G
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
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516:This section
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468:and even the
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408:BiiN Partners
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282:This section
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3588:U.S. Bancorp
3495:Freightliner
3472:Camera World
3463:Acquired by
3313:Intel Museum
3243:
3236:
3229:
3225:Inside Films
3217:
3163:Classmate PC
3157:
3093:Andrew Grove
3089:Gordon Moore
3086:Robert Noyce
3071:Robert Noyce
3066:Gordon Moore
2297:Discontinued
2134:Cypress Cove
2093:Sandy Bridge
1756:Intel Reader
1623:
1611:
1605:Subsidiaries
1553:
1541:
1529:
1524:
1495:Greece, 2008
1482:Siemens Open
1451:Siemensstadt
1335:Roland Busch
1182:Predecessors
1130:KraussMaffei
1097:
1073:Former &
911:Former &
847:subsidiaries
752:
746:
737:
728:
707:
694:
690:There was a
689:
670:
665:
661:
658:
653:
645:
643:
628:
624:task control
601:
599:
553:
544:
529:Please help
517:
486:
455:
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416:
411:
407:
405:
388:
381:Portland, OR
376:
372:
368:
364:
336:
334:
319:
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295:Please help
283:
250:
247:
204:
203:
161:Headquarters
104:Company type
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
3609:Defunct or
3293:Intel Teach
2146:Golden Cove
2141:Willow Cove
2122:Cannon Lake
1731:Intel AZ210
1721:Hella Zippy
1490:Japan, 1914
1234:Locomotives
1047:investments
1010:Siemens VDO
995:Siemens VAI
629:Unlike the
614:. Like the
499:Description
493:F-22 Raptor
215:to develop
156:Liquidation
59:introducing
3673:Categories
3640:G.I. Joe's
3518:Les Schwab
3506:J. K. Gill
3490:Fred Meyer
3011:Litigation
2941:Intel GPUs
2655:Core-based
2419:(external
2307:oriented (
2177:Silvermont
2129:Sunny Cove
2098:Ivy Bridge
1881:Processors
1726:Intel 1103
1420:Gerd Tacke
720:References
650:disk-cache
547:April 2023
313:April 2023
255:Intel i960
67:March 2017
3582:Tektronix
3253:Intel ADX
2993:Codenames
2906:StrongARM
2744:Dual-Core
2717:Dual-Core
2628:Dual-Core
2598:OverDrive
2547:A100/A110
2540:OverDrive
2334:pre-x86 (
2201:Gracemont
2110:Broadwell
1791:Omni-Path
1681:3D XPoint
1641:Virtutech
1370:John Rabe
1120:Eurotrain
518:does not
478:StrongARM
466:microcode
284:does not
224:computers
115:Computers
3624:Emporium
3564:Sawyer's
3524:MathStar
3454:Banfield
3443:JELD-WEN
3153:ASCI Red
3113:Bob Swan
3059:Founders
2998:Larrabee
2876:iAPX 432
2811:11th gen
2806:10th gen
2645:P6-based
2535:RapidCAD
2277:14th gen
2272:13th gen
2267:12th gen
2262:11th gen
2257:10th gen
2184:Goldmont
2172:Saltwell
2086:Westmere
2046:NetBurst
1992:Chipsets
1771:Intel740
1674:Products
1631:Mobileye
1543:Category
1215:projects
1209:Products
1143:PolyGram
1108:Gaggenau
1090:Areva NP
925:Dispolok
714:BSD Unix
712:running
474:embedded
357:downtime
112:Industry
3734:Siemens
3131:Related
2988:Stratix
2924:Related
2886:Itanium
2801:9th gen
2796:8th gen
2791:7th gen
2786:6th gen
2781:5th gen
2776:4th gen
2771:3rd gen
2766:2nd gen
2761:1st gen
2724:Pentium
2707:Celeron
2667:Tolapai
2588:Pentium
2571:(1998)
2569:Celeron
2460:80387DX
2452:80387SX
2247:Pentium
2242:Celeron
2196:Tremont
2167:Bonnell
2117:Skylake
2105:Haswell
2081:Nehalem
1980:Itanium
1896:Pentium
1891:Celeron
1781:IXP1200
1776:InTru3D
1666:Vantiva
1555:Commons
1298:Defunct
1274:Simatic
1222:Current
1138:(49.9%)
1075:defunct
1054:Current
913:defunct
854:Current
838:Siemens
779:8569034
654:BiiN 60
646:BiiN 20
539:removed
524:sources
305:removed
290:sources
265:History
213:Siemens
197:Siemens
143: (
138:Defunct
128: (
120:Founded
107:Private
55:improve
3654:(1994)
3648:(2010)
3642:(2009)
3626:(2003)
3620:(2002)
3601:(2002)
3595:(2012)
3584:(2007)
3578:(2016)
3572:(1999)
3566:(1966)
3560:(2015)
3549:(2010)
3543:(2017)
3532:(2012)
3526:(2010)
3520:(2020)
3514:(2012)
3508:(1980)
3502:(2014)
3486:(2019)
3480:(2016)
3474:(2002)
3445:(2015)
3439:(2014)
3411:Oregon
3358:Tarari
3231:Inside
3052:People
2911:XScale
2681:64-bit
2677:x86-64
2582:(2004)
2479:32-bit
2442:80C187
2435:(1980)
2408:(1982)
2402:(1982)
2396:(1982)
2390:(1979)
2384:(1978)
2373:16-bit
2367:Early
2359:(1977)
2353:(1974)
2347:(1972)
2326:(1974)
2320:(1971)
2228:64-bit
2224:x86-64
2074:Penryn
2060:64-bit
2056:x86-64
2015:32-bit
1651:Xircom
1619:Altera
1613:3Dlabs
1429:Places
1328:People
1315:SIMpad
935:Helios
930:Duewag
777:
767:
677:OSIRIS
603:960 XA
337:Gemini
188:Parent
3729:Intel
3547:Merix
3318:OnCue
2983:PIIXs
2864:Other
2662:Quark
2475:IA-32
2465:80487
2447:80287
2406:80286
2400:80188
2394:80186
2336:8-bit
2309:4-bit
2011:IA-32
1975:Quark
1874:Lists
1810:X25-M
1786:OFono
1598:Intel
1460:Other
1229:FINEX
1159:(49%)
1156:Unify
1146:(50%)
1093:(34%)
1085:(49%)
1082:A2SEA
1064:(15%)
950:Osram
775:S2CID
710:VAXes
699:troff
243:nCUBE
209:Intel
193:Intel
40:, or
3158:BiiN
3080:CEOs
2978:ICHs
2973:SCHs
2968:PCHs
2901:i960
2896:i860
2891:RISC
2881:EPIC
2871:CISC
2823:Xeon
2751:Core
2690:Atom
2640:Xeon
2635:Core
2552:Atom
2510:i486
2488:i386
2481:x86)
2433:8087
2421:FPUs
2388:8088
2382:8086
2357:8085
2351:8080
2345:8008
2324:4040
2318:4004
2284:Xeon
2252:Core
2237:Atom
2069:Core
2017:x86)
1970:Xeon
1933:Core
1886:Atom
1826:WiDi
1806:SSDs
1530:Sold
1113:NEFF
1098:BiiN
1061:Atos
960:ROLM
765:ISBN
631:i432
616:i432
612:i432
608:RISC
522:any
520:cite
482:i960
462:i960
447:UBE'
421:and
377:E85G
288:any
286:cite
241:and
239:iPSC
211:and
195:and
153:Fate
145:1990
141:1990
130:1982
123:1982
2961:Arc
2946:GMA
2695:SoC
2613:III
2603:Pro
2562:SoC
2525:DX4
2520:DX2
2498:376
2417:x87
2369:x86
2305:BCD
2159:ULV
2156:x86
1911:III
1901:Pro
1831:x86
757:doi
695:CLI
681:Ada
641:.
639:RAM
533:by
470:FPU
458:CPU
387:, (
373:UBE
365:UBE
299:by
245:.
3675::
2956:Xe
2700:CE
2608:II
2557:CE
2530:SL
2515:SX
2503:EX
2493:SX
2029:P6
2024:P5
1958:i9
1953:i7
1948:i5
1943:i3
1906:II
773:.
763:.
736:.
716:.
705:.
687:.
437:,
433:,
395:,
347:,
169:,
44:,
36:,
3402:e
3395:t
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2816:M
2756:2
2734:D
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2580:D
2575:M
2477:(
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2311:)
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2226:(
2062:)
2058:(
2013:(
1963:M
1938:2
1926:M
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1808:(
1668:)
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759::
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545:(
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65:(
51:.
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