171:
climate zones, but recent human interaction and encroachment have put these historically safe hotspots at risk. OCBILs have mainly been threatened by the relocation of indigenous groups and military actions as the infertile ground has previously dissuaded human populations. The conservation of OCBILs within biodiversity hotspots has started to garner attention because current theories believe these sites provide not only high levels of biodiversity, but they have relatively stable lineages and the potential for high levels of speciation in the future. Because these sites are relatively stable, they can be classified as
163:
6623:
6634:
105:", the aim of which is to select priority ecoregions for conservation from fourteen terrestrial, three freshwater, and four marine habitat types. They are chosen for species richness, endemism, taxonomic uniqueness, unusual ecological or evolutionary phenomena, and global rarity. All biodiversity hotspots contain at least one Global 200 Ecoregion.
170:
A majority of biodiversity exists within the tropics; likewise, most biodiversity hotspots are within the tropics. Of the 36 biodiversity hotspots, 15 are classified as old, climatically-buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). These areas have been historically isolated from interactions with other
78:
is why approximately 60% of the world's terrestrial life lives on only 2.4% of the land surface area. Caribbean
Islands like Haiti and Jamaica are facing serious pressures on the populations of endemic plants and vertebrates as a result of rapid deforestation. Other areas include the Tropical Andes,
1056:
Harvey, Michael G.; Bravo, Gustavo A.; Claramunt, Santiago; Cuervo, Andrés M.; Derryberry, Graham E.; Battilana, Jaqueline; Seeholzer, Glenn F.; McKay, Jessica
Shearer; O’Meara, Brian C.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Edwards, Scott V.; Pérez-Emán, Jorge; Moyle, Robert G.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Aleixo,
94:(CEPF) is a global program that provides funding and technical assistance to nongovernmental organizations in order to protect the Earth's richest regions of plant and animal diversity, including biodiversity hotspots, high-biodiversity wilderness areas and important marine regions.
534:
The high profile of the biodiversity hotspots approach has resulted in some criticism. Papers such as
Kareiva & Marvier (2003) have pointed out that biodiversity hotspots (and many other priority region sets) do not address the concept of cost, and do not consider
73:
Biodiversity hotspots host their diverse ecosystems on just 2.4% of the planet's surface. Ten hotspots were originally identified by Myer; the current 36 used to cover more than 15.7% of all the land but have lost around 85% of their area. This
873:
Brooks, Thomas M.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; da
Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Konstant, William R.; Flick, Penny; Pilgrim, John; Oldfield, Sara; Magin, Georgina; Hilton-Taylor, Craig (August 2002).
50:
in 1988 and 1990, after which the concept was revised following thorough analysis by Myers and others into "Hotspots: Earth's
Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions" and a paper published in the journal
66:, and it has to have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation. Globally, 36 zones qualify under this definition. These sites support nearly 60% of the world's plant, bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian
2586:
142:
has prepared a world map of the hotspots and ArcView shapefile and metadata for the
Biodiversity Hotspots including details of the individual endangered fauna in each hotspot, which is available from
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2591:
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131:
is an initiative of scientific organizations and conservation groups who co-operate to focus on the most threatened endemic species of the world. They have identified 595 sites, including many
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6219:
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2297:
1578:
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Only a small percentage of the total land area within biodiversity hotspots is now protected. Several international organizations are working to conserve biodiversity hotspots.
70:, with a high share of those species as endemics. Some of these hotspots support up to 15,000 endemic plant species, and some have lost up to 95% of their natural habitat.
6672:
6300:
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5951:
2342:
79:
Philippines, Mesoamerica, and
Sundaland, which, under the current levels at which deforestation is occurring, will likely lose most of their plant and vertebrate species.
6114:
5840:
2822:
115:" (EBAs) each of which holds two or more bird species found nowhere else. Birdlife International has identified more than 11,000 Important Bird Areas all over the world.
6229:
2752:
6577:
6416:
6224:
6072:
2347:
2837:
977:
6483:
2534:
1228:"OCBIL theory: towards an integrated understanding of the evolution, ecology and conservation of biodiversity on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes"
58:
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot on Myers' 2000 edition of the hotspot map, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must contain at least 1,500 species of
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1002:
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5941:
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1919:
6562:
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6007:
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1812:
1349:"Conserving Biodiversity Coldspots: Recent calls to direct conservation funding to the world's biodiversity hotspots may be bad investment advice"
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2015:
2010:
1973:
1968:
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577:
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1995:
1978:
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300:
1303:
Noss, Reed F.; Platt, William J.; Sorrie, Bruce A.; Weakley, Alan S.; Means, D. Bruce; Costanza, Jennifer; Peet, Robert K. (2015).
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2005:
1988:
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196:
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1983:
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Myers, Norman; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; da
Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.; Kent, Jennifer (2000).
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108:
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3065:
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6214:
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5248:
5072:
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4813:
4021:
3961:
3906:
3891:
3340:
3240:
2672:
2650:
602:
597:
397:
294:
122:
5552:
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3455:
3410:
3400:
3210:
3150:
3100:
829:
5318:
3465:
3195:
3045:
2707:
6508:
6468:
5732:
5717:
5457:
4788:
4659:
3996:
3881:
3773:
3430:
3385:
3290:
3245:
3115:
3060:
2697:
1613:
1319:
1305:"How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: lessons from the North American Coastal Plain"
1239:
1184:
1070:
887:
776:
686:
555:
3130:
761:
6498:
5807:
5707:
5308:
3270:
3035:
2832:
2682:
2639:
495:
452:
306:
279:
75:
5502:
5482:
4499:
1460:"Spatial incongruence among hotspots and complementary areas of tree diversity in southern Africa"
6124:
5107:
2954:
1598:
1483:
1440:
1376:
1263:
1208:
1112:
911:
808:
710:
480:
462:
112:
1130:
6478:
6109:
5772:
2959:
2949:
1432:
1424:
1368:
1255:
1200:
1144:
1104:
1096:
903:
855:
800:
792:
741:
702:
470:
383:
327:
225:
1473:
1414:
1360:
1327:
1247:
1192:
1086:
1078:
895:
784:
694:
561:
369:
179:
6176:
4654:
4429:
2964:
2895:
2857:
2667:
2660:
1157:
934:
522:
466:
339:
240:
183:
1323:
1243:
1188:
1074:
891:
780:
690:
6503:
608:
440:
405:
318:
264:
59:
1058:
659:
162:
6656:
6493:
1212:
1116:
899:
569: – Ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion
393:
233:
209:
1487:
1267:
928:
915:
17:
6453:
5512:
4714:
4271:
1444:
875:
812:
714:
549:
509:
409:
347:
43:
39:
1027:
738:
Hotspots: Earth's
Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions,
1551:
6578:
National
Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008
6290:
5477:
202:
1556:
1034:. John A. Dutton e-Education Institute, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences,
605: – Nation with extremely high biological diversity or many endemic species
6463:
6104:
2890:
1251:
1196:
1171:
Hopper, Stephen D.; Silveira, Fernando A. O.; Fiedler, Peggy L. (2016-06-01).
614:
572:
375:
362:
102:
1428:
1372:
1259:
1204:
1100:
907:
796:
166:
Biodiversity hotspots. Original proposal in green, and added regions in blue.
6458:
3475:
2731:
1227:
1172:
1082:
587:
566:
488:
458:
218:
35:
1436:
1108:
804:
706:
1526:
2923:
2797:
516:
476:
63:
1380:
1348:
1091:
736:
Russell A. Mittermeier, Norman Myers and Cristina Goettsch Mittermeier,
677:
Myers, N. (1988). "Threatened biotas: "Hot spots" in tropical forests".
6272:
3022:
1458:
Daru, Barnabas H.; van der Bank, Michelle; Davies, T. Jonathan (2014).
1364:
698:
387:
246:
67:
1478:
1459:
1332:
3853:
2905:
788:
287:
272:
1419:
1402:
611: – Areas protected for having ecological or cultural importance
6583:
National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003
6295:
2997:
161:
6301:
Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Virtual Museum
1536:
2587:
List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1514:
Hotspots of endemic terrestrial invertebrates in Southern Greece
6573:
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004
6442:
6165:
5623:
2995:
2729:
2633:
2575:
1631:
1560:
2592:
List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
1527:
A-Z of Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Biodiversity Hotspots
1508:
on Biodiversity Hotspots. Some articles are freely available.
1131:
https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/133/2/266/6118895
876:"Habitat Loss and Extinction in the Hotspots of Biodiversity"
153:(CAMPA) seeks to control the destruction of forests in India.
1537:
African Wild Dog Conservancy's Biodiversity Hotspots Project
151:
Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority
2602:
List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
2597:
List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
2550:
List of Southern African indigenous trees and woody lianes
1532:
Conservation International's Biodiversity Hotspots project
6220:
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
2607:
List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
980:. The Biodiversity Hotspots. 2010-10-07. Archived from
952:. The Biodiversity Hotspots. 2010-10-07. Archived from
592:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1401:
Possingham, Hugh P.; Wilson, Kerrie A. (August 2005).
1005:. Biodiversityhotspots.org. 2010-10-07. Archived from
755:
753:
2828:
Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
1032:
GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
6593:
6555:
6532:
6409:
6309:
6281:
6243:
6200:
6095:
5980:
5833:
5816:
5771:
5645:
5566:
5511:
5407:
5221:
5057:
4768:
4428:
4270:
3852:
3474:
3021:
2940:
2922:
2904:
2876:
2846:
2811:
2781:
2751:
2517:
2402:
2376:
2310:
2275:
2179:
2141:
2109:
2058:
1688:
1642:
762:"Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities"
121:coordinates programs aiming to identify and manage
6068:Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area
5952:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
4675:Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
1547:New biodiversity maps color-coded to show hotspots
1059:"The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot"
6115:Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries
5841:Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
2823:Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
6230:South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
1552:Shapefile of the Biodiversity Hotspots (v2016.1)
727:Myers, N. The Environmentalist 10 243-256 (1990)
558: – Study of threats to biological diversity
6417:List of authors of South African botanical taxa
6225:South African Environmental Observation Network
6073:Southwest Indian Seamount Marine Protected Area
2577:Regional taxon checklists and other minor lists
6484:International Union for Conservation of Nature
4360:Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
2535:List of invasive plant species in South Africa
654:
652:
590: – American marine biologist and lecturer
6235:South African National Biodiversity Institute
1572:
552: – Variety and variability of life forms
8:
6514:South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative
6422:List of authors of South African animal taxa
6396:University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden
6140:Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
4645:Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
6601:List of field guides to South African biota
6568:National Environmental Management Act, 1998
6474:Environmental impact of recreational diving
6078:Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area
6058:Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area
6048:Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area
6043:iSimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area
5912:Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area
5523:Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
46:wrote about the concept in two articles in
6633:
6529:
6439:
6197:
6192:South African National Collection of Fungi
6162:
5988:Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
5830:
5642:
5620:
5438:Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
3018:
2992:
2838:Maputaland–Pondoland bushland and thickets
2748:
2726:
2630:
2572:
2138:
2106:
1685:
1639:
1628:
1579:
1565:
1557:
1512:Spyros Sfenthourakis, Anastasios Legakis:
1347:Kareiva, Peter; Marvier, Michelle (2003).
633:
631:
6673:International environmental organizations
6023:Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
4700:Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
4680:Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
1477:
1418:
1331:
1090:
253:Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests
62:(more than 0.5% of the world's total) as
6391:Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
6028:Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area
5942:Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area
5763:Ç€Ai-Ç€Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
5637:Index of protected areas of South Africa
3071:Dwarsberg-Swartruggens Mountain Bushveld
3013:List of vegetation types of South Africa
2555:List of botanists by author abbreviation
2530:List of invasive species in South Africa
2172:Whip spiders and tailless whip scorpions
1173:"Biodiversity hotspots and Ocbil theory"
42:that is threatened by human habitation.
6563:Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998
6401:Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
6361:KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden
6341:Harold Porter National Botanical Garden
6053:Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area
6008:Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area
5198:Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
5183:Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
4740:Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
4685:Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
4605:Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
4465:Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
3729:Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
3664:Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
3554:Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
627:
617: – Undisturbed natural environment
594:: biodiversity hotspots in the open sea
6381:North-West University Botanical Garden
6376:Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden
6356:Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden
6351:Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
6253:African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
5897:Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area
4720:Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
4222:Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
3804:Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
3734:Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
3689:Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
3679:Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
3674:Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
3669:Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
1153:
1142:
824:
822:
5538:Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
5289:Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
4730:Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
4690:Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
4610:Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
4257:Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
4122:Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
3952:Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
3937:Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
3784:Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
2186:Alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies
1284:. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
7:
6545:List of nature reserves in Cape Town
6326:Free State National Botanical Garden
6120:Department of Science and Innovation
6083:uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
5967:uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
5596:KwaZulu-Natal coastal lowland forest
4725:Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
4650:Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
4620:Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
4495:Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
4315:Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
4252:Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
3957:Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
3942:Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
3699:Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
3549:Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
2914:Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra
2783:Tropical and subtropical grasslands,
2545:List of slime moulds of South Africa
447:Eastern Australian temperate forests
6135:iSimangaliso Wetland Park Authority
6018:Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area
6013:Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area
5993:Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area
5922:Robben Island Marine Protected Area
5907:Marcus Island Marine Protected Area
5902:Malgas Island Marine Protected Area
5892:Jutten Island Marine Protected Area
5703:Golden Gate Highlands National Park
5603:List of forests of the Western Cape
5581:List of forests of the Eastern Cape
5528:Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
4295:Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
3141:Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld
2656:Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot
1604:Marine biodiversity of South Africa
834:Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
92:Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
6386:Pretoria National Botanical Garden
6063:Protea Banks Marine Protected Area
6003:Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area
5998:Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area
5937:Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area
5887:iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
5374:Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
4490:Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
4207:Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
4172:South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
4092:North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
3569:Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
3499:Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
3161:KwaZulu-Natal Hinterland Thornveld
2793:Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
2768:KwaZulu–Cape coastal forest mosaic
2743:List of ecoregions in South Africa
1516:. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
578:Hawaiian honeycreeper conservation
25:
6366:Lowveld National Botanical Garden
6038:Childs Bank Marine Protected Area
6033:Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area
5962:Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area
5866:Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area
5856:Bird Island Marine Protected Area
5851:Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area
5788:Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve
5548:Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
4670:Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
4565:Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
4355:Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
4335:Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
3809:Western Free State Clay Grassland
3624:Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
3564:Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
3446:Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
2540:List of Oomycetes of South Africa
1403:"Turning up the heat on hotspots"
1226:Hopper, Stephen D. (2009-09-01).
740:Conservation International, 2000
583:High-Biodiversity Wilderness Area
301:Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa
101:has devised a system called the "
6632:
6622:
6621:
6519:World Register of Marine Species
6336:Hantam National Botanical Garden
6258:National Biodiversity Assessment
5876:Helderberg Marine Protected Area
5783:Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve
5399:Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
5359:Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
5314:Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
5269:Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
5264:Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
4615:Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
4590:Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
4420:Western RuĂŞns Shale Renosterveld
4350:Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
4310:Eastern RuĂŞns Shale Renosterveld
4300:Central RuĂŞns Shale Renosterveld
4280:Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
4197:South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
4192:South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
4182:South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
4177:South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
4117:North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
4112:North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
4102:North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
4097:North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
3819:Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
3814:Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
3794:Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
3749:Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
3694:Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
3614:KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
3544:Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
3534:Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
3441:Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
3331:Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld
3166:KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld
2773:Maputaland coastal forest mosaic
2525:List of bacteria of South Africa
2192:Booklice, barklice and barkflies
900:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00530.x
639:"Biodiversity Hotspots in India"
83:Hotspot conservation initiatives
6263:National Vegetation Map Project
5957:Trafalgar Marine Protected Area
5927:Rocherpan Marine Protected Area
5917:Pondoland Marine Protected Area
5626:Protected areas of South Africa
5576:List of forests of South Africa
5533:Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
5389:Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
5379:Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
5364:Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
5334:Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
4625:Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
4580:Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
4455:Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
4415:Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
4405:Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
4390:Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
4187:South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
4107:North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
4067:Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
3704:Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
3366:South Eastern Coastal Thornveld
3311:Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
3086:Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld
2868:Montane fynbos and renosterveld
2863:Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
2237:Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants
830:"Biodiversity hotspots defined"
133:Birdlife's Important Bird Areas
5947:Stilbaai Marine Protected Area
5871:Goukamma Marine Protected Area
5846:Amathole Marine Protected Area
5803:Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
5193:Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
5143:Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
4600:Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
4540:Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
4535:Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
4530:Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
4515:Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
4505:Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
4395:Swartland Granite Renosterveld
4370:Robertson Granite Renosterveld
3799:Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
3629:Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
3529:Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
3416:Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
3376:Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
3106:Gordonia Kameeldoring Bushveld
2803:Zambezian and mopane woodlands
2763:Knysna–Amatole montane forests
2298:Marine heterobranch gastropods
1542:Biodiversity hotspots in India
1282:"North American Coastal Plain"
313:Guinean Forests of West Africa
27:Biodiverse region under threat
1:
6346:Johannesburg Botanical Garden
6331:Garden Route Botanical Garden
5932:Robberg Marine Protected Area
5881:Hluleka Marine Protected Area
5861:De Hoop Marine Protected Area
5671:Augrabies Falls National Park
5488:Southern Afrotemperate Forest
5463:Northern Afrotemperate Forest
5208:Western Gariep Lowland Desert
4989:Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
4909:Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
4635:Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
4630:Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
4545:Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
4475:Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
4460:Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
4345:Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
4320:Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
4237:Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
4042:Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
4032:Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
3684:Northern Free State Shrubland
3654:Mooi River Highland Grassland
3316:Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
3306:Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
3296:Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
3041:Barberton Serpentine Sourveld
1036:Pennsylvania State University
191:California Floristic Province
6628:Biodiversity of South Africa
6187:National Research Foundation
6145:South African National Parks
5748:Table Mountain National Park
5738:Mountain Zebra National Park
5713:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
5299:Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
5213:Western Gariep Plains Desert
5188:Richtersberg Mountain Desert
5148:Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
4939:Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
4834:Crossroads Grassland Thicket
4745:Western Bushmanland Klipveld
4705:Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
4560:Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
4520:Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
4480:Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
4410:Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
4400:Swartland Shale Renosterveld
4385:Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
4375:Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
4365:Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
4330:Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
4325:Kango Limestone Renosterveld
4285:Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
4247:Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
3992:Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
3739:Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
3719:Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
3584:Frankfort Highveld Grassland
3539:Central Free State Grassland
3519:Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
3356:Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld
2970:Southeast Atlantic ecoregion
2878:Deserts and xeric shrublands
1588:Biodiversity of South Africa
1506:Philosophical Transactions B
978:"Conservation International"
947:"Conservation International"
836:. Conservation International
502:Mountains of Southwest China
328:and the Indian Ocean Islands
129:Alliance for Zero Extinction
6167:Biodiversity research in SA
5798:Kruger to Canyons Biosphere
5661:Addo Elephant National Park
5433:Maputaland Wooded Grassland
5349:Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
5254:Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
5244:Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
5203:Western Gariep Hills Desert
5153:Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
5093:Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
5088:Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
4984:Saldanha Granite Strandveld
4839:Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
4710:Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
4585:Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
4575:Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
4525:Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
4380:RuĂŞns Silcrete Renosterveld
4262:Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
4072:Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
4062:Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
3982:Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
3972:Garden Route Granite Fynbos
3927:Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
3829:Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
3779:uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
3764:Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
3754:Stormberg Plateau Grassland
3649:Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
3634:Lydenburg Montane Grassland
3504:Barberton Montane Grassland
3489:Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
3436:Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
3301:Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
3096:Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld
2713:Maputaland-Pondoland Region
2204:Dragonflies and damselflies
1465:Diversity and Distributions
1312:Diversity and Distributions
334:Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany
140:National Geographic Society
38:with significant levels of
6689:
6668:Environmental conservation
6524:World Wide Fund for Nature
6182:Iziko South African Museum
5972:Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary
5753:Tankwa Karoo National Park
5686:Garden Route National Park
5423:KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
5344:Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
5294:Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
5229:Albany Alluvial Vegetation
5113:Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
5083:Bushmanland Arid Grassland
5078:Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
4959:Motherwell Karroid Thicket
4919:Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
4829:Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
4570:Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
4550:Namaqualand Arid Grassland
4340:Montagu Shale Renosterveld
4242:Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
4167:South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
4147:Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
4142:Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
4087:North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
4057:Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
4037:Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
4027:Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
3932:Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
3887:Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
3834:Woodbush Granite Grassland
3759:Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
3604:Karoo Escarpment Grassland
3599:KaNgwane Montane Grassland
3574:Eastern Highveld Grassland
3524:Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
3494:Amathole Montane Grassland
3484:Aliwal North Dry Grassland
3461:Zululand Coastal Thornveld
3361:Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld
3336:Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld
3321:Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
3286:Northern Zululand Sourveld
3236:Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld
3231:Malelane Mountain Bushveld
3031:Andesite Mountain Bushveld
2975:Southwest Indian ecoregion
2343:Marine spiny-finned fishes
664:Conservation International
197:Madrean pine–oak woodlands
144:Conservation International
99:World Wide Fund for Nature
6617:
6540:Biodiversity of Cape Town
6449:
6438:
6172:
6161:
5691:Tsitsikamma National Park
5632:
5619:
5591:KwaZulu-Natal Dune Forest
5558:Subantarctic Polar Desert
5339:Namib Seashore Vegetation
5168:Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
5039:Vanstadens Forest Thicket
4979:Saldanha Flats Strandveld
4969:Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
4954:Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
4949:Langebaan Dune Strandveld
4864:Escarpment Valley Thicket
4735:Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
4665:Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
4640:Richtersveld Red Duneveld
4450:Anenous Plateau Shrubland
4445:Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
4440:Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
4290:Breede Shale Renosterveld
4232:Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
4212:Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
4202:Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
4152:Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
4132:Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
4127:Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
4052:Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
4017:Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
4012:Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
4002:Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
3977:Garden Route Shale Fynbos
3839:Xhariep Karroid Grassland
3744:Soweto Highveld Grassland
3594:Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
3559:East Griqualand Grassland
3509:Basotho Montane Shrubland
3381:Springbokvlakte Thornveld
3371:Southern Lebombo Bushveld
3351:Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld
3281:Northern Lebombo Bushveld
3206:Madikwe Dolomite Bushveld
3201:Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld
3146:Kuruman Mountain Bushveld
3126:Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld
3121:Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld
3111:Gordonia Plains Shrubland
3091:Ghaap Plateau Vaalbosveld
3051:Cathedral Mopane Bushveld
3008:
3002:Vegetation classification
2991:
2932:Southern Africa mangroves
2738:
2725:
2688:Drakensberg Alpine Centre
2646:
2629:
2582:
2571:
2160:Shorttailed whipscorpions
1638:
1633:National taxon checklists
1627:
1609:Temperate Southern Africa
1594:
1252:10.1007/s11104-009-0068-0
1197:10.1007/s11104-015-2764-2
355:Mountains of Central Asia
6371:Makana Botanical Gardens
5793:Kogelberg Nature Reserve
5758:West Coast National Park
5723:Mapungubwe National Park
5696:Wilderness National Park
5586:Forests of KwaZulu-Natal
5498:Southern Mistbelt Forest
5473:Northern Mistbelt Forest
5369:Subtropical Dune Thicket
5274:Cape Seashore Vegetation
5118:Lower Gariep Broken Veld
5029:Thorndale Forest Thicket
5009:Subtropical Dune Thicket
4994:Saltaire Karroid Thicket
4974:Overberg Dune Strandveld
4944:Lambert's Bay Strandveld
4859:Escarpment Mesic Thicket
4305:Ceres Shale Renosterveld
4162:Robertson Granite Fynbos
4157:Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
4137:Peninsula Granite Fynbos
3947:De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
3862:Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
3824:Winburg Grassy Shrubland
3789:Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
3191:Loskop Mountain Bushveld
2798:Southern Africa bushveld
2785:savannas, and shrublands
2753:Tropical and subtropical
2243:Silverfish and firebrats
2201:Cockroaches and termites
1619:Wildlife of South Africa
1057:Alexandre (2020-12-11).
119:Plant life International
5493:Southern Coastal Forest
5468:Northern Coastal Forest
5453:Lowveld Riverine Forest
5428:Maputaland Coastal Belt
5158:Helskloof Canyon Desert
5123:Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
5004:St Francis Dune Thicket
4999:Sardinia Forest Thicket
4894:Geluk Grassland Thicket
4854:Escarpment Arid Thicket
4804:Baviaans Valley Thicket
4082:Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
3902:Breede Quartzite Fynbos
3844:Zastron Moist Grassland
3724:Senqu Montane Shrubland
3714:Rand Highveld Grassland
3659:Mthatha Moist Grassland
3579:Egoli Granite Grassland
3426:Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
3406:Thukela Valley Bushveld
3391:Swaziland Sour Bushveld
3276:Norite Koppies Bushveld
3261:Mopane Gabbro Shrubland
3256:Mopane Basalt Shrubland
3226:Makuleke Sandy Bushveld
3171:Lebombo Summit Sourveld
3076:Eastern Valley Bushveld
2755:moist broadleaf forests
2615:Timber trees of Gauteng
2348:Marine Perciform fishes
1083:10.1126/science.aaz6970
1028:"Biodiversity Hotspots"
933:August 8, 2007, at the
860:www.e-education.psu.edu
856:"Biodiversity Hotspots"
417:East Melanesian Islands
6321:Durban Botanic Gardens
6210:Animal Demography Unit
5728:Marakele National Park
5681:Camdeboo National Park
5676:Bontebok National Park
5543:Subantarctic Fellfield
5354:Southern Karoo Riviere
5234:Albany Dune Strandveld
5163:Kahams Mountain Desert
5049:Willowmore Gwarrieveld
5024:Sundays Valley Thicket
4964:Nanaga Savanna Thicket
4929:Hartenbos Dune Thicket
4904:Gouritz Valley Thicket
4824:Buffels Valley Thicket
4760:Willowmore Gwarrieveld
4595:Namaqualand Strandveld
4510:Klawer Sandy Shrubland
4227:Swartberg Shale Fynbos
4047:Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
3967:Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
3922:Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
3917:Canca Limestone Fynbos
3897:Breede Alluvium Fynbos
3877:Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
3872:Albertinia Sand Fynbos
3769:Tsakane Clay Grassland
3644:Mabela Sandy Grassland
3589:Income Sandy Grassland
3451:Western Sandy Bushveld
3346:Schmidtsdrif Thornveld
3266:Musina Mopane Bushveld
3221:Makhado Sweet Bushveld
3186:Limpopo Sweet Bushveld
3181:Limpopo Ridge Bushveld
3176:Legogote Sour Bushveld
3081:Gabbro Grassy Bushveld
3056:Central Sandy Bushveld
2886:Kalahari xeric savanna
2848:Mediterranean forests,
2678:Griqualand West Centre
2246:Stick and leaf insects
537:phylogenetic diversity
259:Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena
167:
158:Distribution by region
109:Birdlife International
6533:Regional biodiversity
6489:Marine protected area
6215:BirdLife South Africa
6130:Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
5743:Namaqua National Park
5666:Agulhas National Park
5443:Transkei Coastal Belt
5384:Subtropical Salt Pans
5329:Namaqualand Salt Pans
5259:Cape Inland Salt Pans
5239:Algoa Dune Strandveld
5133:Upper Karoo Hardeveld
5034:Umtiza Forest Thicket
5019:Sundays Mesic Thicket
4899:Goukamma Dune Thicket
4849:Elands Forest Thicket
4819:Buffels Mesic Thicket
4799:Albany Valley Thicket
4217:Suurberg Shale Fynbos
4007:Hopefield Sand Fynbos
3892:Boland Granite Fynbos
3619:Leolo Summit Sourveld
3514:Bedford Dry Grassland
3421:Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
3326:Postmasburg Thornveld
3216:Makatini Clay Thicket
2703:Sekhukhuneland Centre
2673:Cape Floristic Region
2651:Cape Floristic Region
2636:Biodiversity hotspots
2195:Butterflies and moths
660:"Why Hotspots Matter"
603:Megadiverse countries
598:Key Biodiversity Area
295:Cape Floristic Region
165:
123:Important Plant Areas
103:Global 200 Ecoregions
6509:Scuba diving tourism
6469:Encyclopedia of Life
5733:Mokala National Park
5718:Kruger National Park
5284:Drakensberg Wetlands
5178:Noms Mountain Desert
5128:Northern Upper Karoo
5014:Sundays Arid Thicket
4934:Kasouga Dune Thicket
4924:Hamburg Dune Thicket
4889:Gamka Valley Thicket
4809:Bethelsdorp Bontveld
4794:Albany Mesic Thicket
4755:Western Little Karoo
4555:Namaqualand Blomveld
4485:Eastern Little Karoo
4077:Montagu Shale Fynbos
3997:Hangklip Sand Fynbos
3987:Greyton Shale Fynbos
3882:Atlantis Sand Fynbos
3709:Queenstown Thornveld
3609:Klerksdorp Thornveld
3396:Tembe Sandy Bushveld
3251:Moot Plains Bushveld
2850:woodlands, and scrub
2640:Centres of diversity
2216:Jumping bristletails
1614:Western Indo-Pacific
880:Conservation Biology
556:Conservation biology
441:Polynesia-Micronesia
111:has identified 218 "
48:The Environmentalist
36:biogeographic region
32:biodiversity hotspot
18:Biodiversity Hotspot
6499:Nature conservation
5808:Waterberg Biosphere
5708:Karoo National Park
5448:Ironwood Dry Forest
5394:Tanqua Wash Riviere
5324:Namaqualand Riviere
5173:Namib Lichen Fields
5138:Western Upper Karoo
5103:Eastern Upper Karoo
5098:Eastern Lower Karoo
5044:Western Gwarrieveld
4914:Grassridge Bontveld
4879:Fish Valley Thicket
4844:Eastern Gwarrieveld
4784:Albany Arid Thicket
4750:Western Gwarrieveld
4695:Steytlerville Karoo
4470:Citrusdal Vygieveld
3912:Breede Shale Fynbos
3867:Agulhas Sand Fynbos
3639:Lydenburg Thornveld
3156:Kuruman Vaalbosveld
3136:Kimberley Thornveld
3066:Dwaalboom Thornveld
2833:Highveld grasslands
2693:Soutpansberg Centre
2283:Non-marine molluscs
2151:Microwhip scorpions
1504:Dedicated issue of
1324:2015DivDi..21..236N
1244:2009PlSoi.322...49H
1189:2016PlSoi.403..167H
1075:2020Sci...370.1343H
1069:(6522): 1343–1348.
892:2002ConBi..16..909B
781:2000Natur.403..853M
691:1988ThEnv...8..187M
643:www.bsienvis.nic.in
453:Southwest Australia
307:Eastern Afromontane
280:Mediterranean Basin
6268:Reef Atlas Project
6125:Eastern Cape Parks
5304:Highveld Salt Pans
5249:Bushmanland Vloere
5073:Albany Broken Veld
4884:Gamka Arid Thicket
4874:Fish Mesic Thicket
4814:Blombos Strandveld
4022:Knysna Sand Fynbos
3962:Elgin Shale Fynbos
3907:Breede Sand Fynbos
3341:Roodeberg Bushveld
3241:Marikana Thornveld
2955:Benguela ecoregion
2813:Montane grasslands
2338:Marine bony fishes
2228:Net-winged insects
2117:Marine crustaceans
1599:Afrotropical realm
1365:10.1511/2003.4.344
1353:American Scientist
699:10.1007/BF02240252
168:
113:Endemic Bird Areas
6650:
6649:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6479:Low impact diving
6434:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6110:City of Cape Town
6091:
6090:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5553:Subantarctic Mire
5279:Cape Vernal Pools
4869:Fish Arid Thicket
3456:Zeerust Thornveld
3411:Tsende Mopaneveld
3401:Thukela Thornveld
3211:Mafikeng Bushveld
3151:Kuruman Thornveld
3101:Gordonia Duneveld
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2960:Delagoa ecoregion
2950:Agulhas ecoregion
2942:Marine ecoregions
2721:
2720:
2625:
2624:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2372:
2371:
2328:Freshwater fishes
2293:Marine gastropods
2271:
2270:
2088:Marine cnidarians
2054:
2053:
1479:10.1111/ddi.12290
1413:(7053): 919–920.
1333:10.1111/ddi.12278
1152:Missing or empty
775:(6772): 853–858.
746:978-968-6397-58-1
226:Caribbean Islands
16:(Redirected from
6680:
6636:
6635:
6625:
6624:
6530:
6440:
6198:
6163:
5831:
5643:
5621:
5319:Muscadel Riviere
3466:Zululand Lowveld
3196:Loskop Thornveld
3046:Bhisho Thornveld
3019:
2993:
2749:
2727:
2708:Barberton Centre
2631:
2573:
2139:
2107:
2092:Marine flatworms
1920:Scrophulariaceae
1686:
1640:
1629:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1558:
1492:
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1481:
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937:
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920:
919:
870:
864:
863:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
826:
817:
816:
789:10.1038/35002501
766:
757:
748:
734:
728:
725:
719:
718:
679:Environmentalist
674:
668:
667:
656:
647:
646:
635:
593:
562:Crisis ecoregion
370:Eastern Himalaya
55:, both in 2000.
21:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6605:
6589:
6551:
6528:
6445:
6426:
6405:
6312:
6305:
6283:
6282:Citizen science
6277:
6245:
6239:
6202:
6196:
6177:Bolus Herbarium
6168:
6149:
6097:
6087:
5976:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5812:
5774:
5767:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5641:
5628:
5607:
5568:
5562:
5515:
5507:
5458:Mangrove Forest
5414:
5412:
5410:
5403:
5217:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5053:
4789:Albany Bontveld
4775:
4773:
4771:
4764:
4660:Roggeveld Karoo
4655:Robertson Karoo
4431:
4424:
4266:
3848:
3774:Tsomo Grassland
3470:
3431:VhaVenda Miombo
3386:Stella Bushveld
3291:Nossob Bushveld
3246:Molopo Bushveld
3116:Granite Lowveld
3061:Delagoa Lowveld
3017:
3004:
2979:
2965:Natal ecoregion
2936:
2918:
2900:
2896:Succulent Karoo
2872:
2858:Albany thickets
2849:
2842:
2814:
2807:
2784:
2777:
2754:
2747:
2734:
2717:
2698:Wolkberg Centre
2668:Succulent Karoo
2661:Succulent Karoo
2642:
2621:
2578:
2559:
2513:
2398:
2368:
2306:
2288:Marine molluscs
2267:
2175:
2154:Pseudoscorpions
2137:
2105:
2050:
1828:Crossosomatales
1813:Ceratophyllales
1691:
1684:
1634:
1623:
1590:
1585:
1523:
1500:
1498:Further reading
1495:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1420:10.1038/436919a
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935:Wayback Machine
927:
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820:
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675:
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658:
657:
650:
637:
636:
629:
625:
620:
591:
545:
532:
523:Irano-Anatolian
467:Nicobar islands
340:Succulent Karoo
241:Atlantic Forest
208:North American
184:Central America
160:
85:
76:loss of habitat
60:vascular plants
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6686:
6684:
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6504:Nature reserve
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4856:
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4264:
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4159:
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4144:
4139:
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4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
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4079:
4074:
4069:
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4039:
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4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
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3959:
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3929:
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3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
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3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3849:
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3831:
3826:
3821:
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3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
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3756:
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3741:
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3731:
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3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
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3676:
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3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
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3576:
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3556:
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3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
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3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Kathu Bushveld
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2996:
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2910:
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2901:
2899:
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2893:
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2882:
2880:
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2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2815:and shrublands
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2736:
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2730:
2723:
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2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:Brown seaweeds
2386:
2384:Green seaweeds
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1796:Caryophyllales
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1521:External links
1519:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1472:(7): 769–780.
1450:
1393:
1359:(4): 344–351.
1339:
1318:(2): 236–244.
1295:
1273:
1232:Plant and Soil
1218:
1183:(1): 167–216.
1177:Plant and Soil
1163:
1122:
1048:
1019:
994:
969:
938:
921:
886:(4): 909–923.
865:
847:
818:
749:
729:
720:
685:(3): 187–208.
669:
648:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:
612:
609:Protected area
606:
600:
595:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
559:
553:
546:
544:
541:
531:
528:
527:
526:
520:
506:
505:
499:
485:
484:
474:
456:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
420:
406:Southeast Asia
402:
401:
391:
373:
359:
358:
344:
343:
337:
331:
322:
319:Horn of Africa
316:
310:
304:
298:
284:
283:
269:
268:
265:Tropical Andes
262:
256:
250:
244:
230:
229:
214:
213:
206:
200:
194:
159:
156:
155:
154:
147:
136:
126:
116:
106:
95:
84:
81:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6685:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6631:
6629:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:National park
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6441:
6437:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:organisations
6199:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6164:
6160:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:organisations
6094:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
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5644:
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5635:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
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5584:
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5579:
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5574:
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5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
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5454:
5451:
5449:
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5441:
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5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:Lesotho Mires
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
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5079:
5076:
5074:
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5070:
5068:
5066:
5056:
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5037:
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5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
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4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
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4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
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4787:
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4781:
4779:
4777:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
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4738:
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4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
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4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
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4533:
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4526:
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4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
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4488:
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4483:
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4478:
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4458:
4456:
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4413:
4411:
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4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
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4223:
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4208:
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4123:
4120:
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4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
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4068:
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4063:
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4040:
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4035:
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4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
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3800:
3797:
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3727:
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3707:
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3700:
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3271:Ngongoni Veld
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2333:Marine fishes
2331:
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2319:
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2309:
2299:
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2240:Scorpionflies
2239:
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2209:
2206:
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2046:Zygophyllales
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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1994:
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1982:
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1947:Euphorbiaceae
1945:
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1742:Hyacinthaceae
1740:
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1737:Asphodelaceae
1735:
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1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1716:
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1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
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1698:
1697:
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1680:Pteridophytes
1678:
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1076:
1072:
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1052:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1009:on 2012-03-24
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
984:on 2012-03-20
983:
979:
973:
970:
959:on 2012-03-27
955:
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430:
427:
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423:New Caledonia
421:
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407:
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395:
394:Western Ghats
392:
389:
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242:
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238:
237:
236:
235:
234:South America
227:
224:
223:
222:
221:
220:
211:
210:Coastal Plain
207:
204:
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195:
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189:
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176:
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71:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6663:Biodiversity
6639:
6626:Categories:
6594:Publications
6454:Biodiversity
5513:Subantarctic
5503:Swamp Forest
5483:Scarp Forest
4715:Tanqua Karoo
4500:Hantam Karoo
4272:Renosterveld
2635:
2394:Red seaweeds
2252:Strepsiptera
2071:Comb jellies
2041:Zingiberales
2021:Saxifragales
2001:Ranunculales
1942:Malpighiales
1838:Dioscoreales
1833:Cucurbitales
1818:Commelinales
1722:Aquifoliales
1513:
1505:
1469:
1463:
1453:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1356:
1352:
1342:
1315:
1311:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1238:(1): 49–86.
1235:
1231:
1221:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1154:|title=
1134:. Retrieved
1125:
1092:10138/329703
1066:
1062:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
997:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
972:
961:. Retrieved
954:the original
941:
924:
883:
879:
868:
859:
850:
838:. Retrieved
833:
772:
768:
737:
732:
723:
682:
678:
672:
663:
642:
550:Biodiversity
533:
508:
507:
487:
486:
410:Asia-Pacific
404:
403:
361:
360:
348:Central Asia
346:
345:
286:
285:
271:
270:
232:
231:
216:
215:
178:
177:
169:
132:
86:
72:
57:
52:
47:
44:Norman Myers
40:biodiversity
31:
29:
6556:Legislation
6410:Taxonomists
6291:iNaturalist
5478:Sand Forest
5108:Gamka Karoo
2311:Vertebrates
2264:Webspinners
2198:Caddisflies
2122:Sea spiders
2101:Tardigrades
2083:Polychaetes
2075:Echinoderms
1964:Nymphaeales
1937:Magnoliales
1910:Acanthaceae
1873:Apocynaceae
1868:Gentianales
1808:Celastrales
1776:Brassicales
1771:Boraginales
1752:Orchidaceae
1732:Asparagales
1705:Alismatales
1003:"Resources"
435:Philippines
429:New Zealand
203:Mesoamerica
6657:Categories
6464:Ecotourism
6105:CapeNature
6096:Management
4776:Strandveld
2891:Nama Karoo
2732:Ecoregions
2318:Amphibians
2249:Stoneflies
2234:Orthoptera
2148:Harvestmen
2134:Entognatha
2131:Millipedes
2128:Centipedes
2110:Arthropods
2016:Sapindales
2011:Santalales
1974:Pandanales
1969:Oxalidales
1900:Icacinales
1895:Huerteales
1890:Gunnerales
1885:Geraniales
1843:Dipsacales
1791:Canellales
1764:Asteraceae
1670:Lycophytes
1665:Liverworts
1288:7 February
1136:2023-03-23
1013:2012-06-22
988:2012-06-22
963:2012-06-22
623:References
615:Wilderness
573:Global 200
380:Bangladesh
376:Indo-Burma
363:South Asia
325:Madagascar
6459:Biosphere
6311:Botanical
6284:databases
5820:protected
5773:Biosphere
4430:Succulent
3476:Grassland
2924:Mangroves
2611:Related:
2261:True bugs
2231:Notoptera
2163:Solifugae
2157:Scorpions
2142:Arachnids
2079:Nematodes
2068:Bryozoans
2065:Ascidians
2031:Vahliales
2026:Solanales
1996:Proteales
1979:Piperales
1915:Lamiaceae
1878:Rubiaceae
1801:Aizoaceae
1781:Bruniales
1759:Asterales
1747:Iridaceae
1690:Flowering
1660:Hornworts
1429:1476-4687
1373:0003-0996
1260:1573-5036
1213:254948226
1205:1573-5036
1117:228084618
1101:0036-8075
908:0888-8892
840:10 August
797:0028-0836
588:Hope spot
567:Ecoregion
530:Criticism
510:West Asia
489:East Asia
481:Indonesia
463:Indonesia
459:Sundaland
398:Sri Lanka
219:Caribbean
6246:projects
6244:Research
6201:Research
5981:Offshore
5822:areas of
5775:reserves
5651:National
2377:Seaweeds
2364:Reptiles
2276:Molluscs
2255:Termites
2225:Mayflies
2222:Mantises
1959:Myrtales
1954:Malvales
1932:Liliales
1927:Laurales
1905:Lamiales
1848:Ericales
1823:Cornales
1727:Arecales
1715:Apiaceae
1700:Acorales
1650:Conifers
1488:18417574
1437:16107821
1381:27858246
1268:28155038
1145:cite web
1109:33303617
1041:3 August
931:Archived
916:44009934
805:10706275
707:12322582
543:See also
517:Caucasus
477:Wallacea
64:endemics
6444:Related
6313:gardens
6273:SeaKeys
5834:Coastal
5649:African
5413:Coastal
4772:Thicket
3023:Savanna
2518:Related
2359:Mammals
2207:Earwigs
2189:Beetles
2180:Insects
2169:Ixodida
2166:Araneae
2096:Sponges
2059:Animals
2036:Vitales
2006:Rosales
1989:Poaceae
1863:Fagales
1858:Fabales
1786:Buxales
1710:Apiales
1445:4398455
1320:Bibcode
1240:Bibcode
1185:Bibcode
1071:Bibcode
1063:Science
888:Bibcode
813:4414279
777:Bibcode
715:2370659
687:Bibcode
388:Myanmar
247:Cerrado
173:refugia
68:species
5826:Africa
5818:Marine
5569:VEGMAP
5567:not on
5409:Forest
5222:Azonal
5065:desert
4770:Albany
3854:Fynbos
2998:Biomes
2906:Tundra
2258:Thrips
1984:Poales
1692:plants
1675:Mosses
1655:Cycads
1643:Plants
1486:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1407:Nature
1386:10 May
1379:
1371:
1266:
1258:
1211:
1203:
1115:
1107:
1099:
914:
906:
811:
803:
795:
769:Nature
744:
713:
705:
288:Africa
273:Europe
53:Nature
6641:Index
6296:iSpot
5824:South
5653:Parks
5647:South
5516:biome
5061:Karoo
4432:Karoo
2404:Fungi
2323:Birds
2213:Flies
2210:Fleas
1484:S2CID
1441:S2CID
1377:JSTOR
1308:(PDF)
1264:S2CID
1209:S2CID
1113:S2CID
957:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
912:S2CID
809:S2CID
765:(PDF)
711:S2CID
496:Japan
471:India
384:India
180:North
34:is a
5415:belt
5059:Nama
3000:and
2638:and
2219:Lice
1433:PMID
1425:ISSN
1388:2022
1369:ISSN
1290:2019
1256:ISSN
1201:ISSN
1158:help
1105:PMID
1097:ISSN
1043:2022
904:ISSN
842:2020
801:PMID
793:ISSN
742:ISBN
703:PMID
525:(30)
519:(15)
504:(20)
498:(33)
483:(17)
473:(16)
465:and
455:(22)
449:(35)
443:(25)
437:(18)
431:(24)
425:(23)
419:(34)
408:and
400:(21)
396:and
390:(19)
386:and
372:(32)
357:(31)
342:(13)
336:(27)
321:(29)
315:(11)
309:(28)
303:(10)
297:(12)
282:(14)
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