835:
electrical field. For example, DNA grafted onto gold electrodes can be made to come closer to the electrode surface on application of positive electrode potential and as explained by Rant et al., this can be used to create smart interfaces for biomolecular detection. Likewise, Xiao Ma and others, have discussed the electrical control on the binding/unbinding of thrombin from aptamers immobilized on electrodes. They showed that on application of certain positive potentials, the thrombin gets separated from the biointerface.
863:, allow for the properties of the SiNWs to be customized for unique applications. One example of these unique uses is that SiNWs can be used as individual wires to be used for intracellular probes or extracellular devices or the SiNWs can be manipulated into larger macro structures. These structures can be manipulated into flexible, 3D, macropourus structures (like the scaffolds mentioned above) that can be used for creating synthetic
33:
615:
834:
for synthetic tissues allows for monitoring of electrical activity and electrical stimulation of cells as a result of the photoelectric properties of the silicon. The orientation of biomolecules on the interface can also be controlled through the modulation of parameters like pH, temperature and
675:
or inorganic/organic material. The motivation for biointerface science stems from the urgent need to increase the understanding of interactions between biomolecules and surfaces. The behavior of complex macromolecular systems at materials interfaces are important in the fields of
724:). Well-designed biointerfaces would facilitate desirable interactions by providing optimized surfaces where biological matter can interact with other inorganic or organic materials, such as by promoting cell and tissue adhesion onto a surface.
871:
were grown on these structures as a way to create a synthetic tissue structure that could be used to monitor the electrical activity of the cells on the scaffold. The device created by Tian et al. takes advantage of the fact that SiNWs are
846:
is a common material used in the technology industry due to its abundance as well as its properties as a semiconductor. However, in the bulk form used for computer chips and the like are not conducive to biointerfaces. For these purposes
888:. These sensors have the ability to be inserted into cells with minimal invasiveness making them in some ways preferable to traditional biosensors like fluorescent dyes, as well as other nanoparticles which require target labelling.
829:
in order to act as drug delivery agents for cancers because their size allows them to collect at tumor sites passively. Also as an example, the use of silicon nanowires in nanoporous materials to create
825:
materials. Due to the many properties unique to each nanomaterial, like size, conductivity, and construction, various applications have been achieved. For example, gold nanoparticles are often
646:
1171:
Ma, Xiao; Gosai, Agnivo; Shrotriya, Pranav (2020). "Resolving electrical stimulus triggered molecular binding and force modulation upon thrombin-aptamer biointerface".
708:) cooperate with scientists who have developed the tools to position biomolecules with molecular precision (proximal probe methods, nano-and micro contact methods,
377:
960:
Chen, Da; Wang, Geng; Li, Jinghong (2007). "Interfacial
Bioelectrochemistry: Fabrication, Properties and Applications of Functional Nanostructured Biointerfaces".
720:
to interrogate these molecules at the solid-liquid interface, and people who integrate these into functional devices (applied physicists, analytical chemists and
880:
charges at the surface of the device, or in this case the surface of the SiNW. Being a FET device can also be taken advantage of when using single SiNWs as
884:
devices. SiNW sensors are nanowires that contain specific receptors on their surface that when bound to their respective antigens will cause changes in
885:
639:
1047:
Tian, Bozhi; Liu, Jia; Dvir, Tal; Jin, Lihua; Tsui, Jonathan H.; Qing, Quan; Suo, Zhigang; Langer, Robert; Kohane, Daniel S. (2012-11-01).
632:
688:, and medicine. Biointerface science is a multidisciplinary field in which biochemists who synthesize novel classes of biomolecules (
1296:
598:
1312:
Zhang, Guo-Jun; Ning, Yong (2012-10-24). "Silicon nanowire biosensor and its applications in disease diagnostics: A review".
509:
504:
337:
809:
is a rapidly growing field that has allowed for the creation of many different possibilities for creating biointerfaces.
743:
332:
1352:
619:
566:
1112:
Rant, U.; Arinaga, K.; Scherer, S.; Pringsheim, E.; Fujita, S.; Yokoyama, N.; Tornow, M.; Abstreiter, G. (2007).
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826:
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214:
126:
1357:
814:
48:
1279:
Coffer, J.L. (2014). "Overview of semiconducting silicon nanowires for biomedical applications".
1204:
877:
852:
795:
571:
422:
388:
305:
298:
209:
58:
906:, Editors: Dietmar Hutmacher, Wojciech Chrzanowski, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 2015,
1329:
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138:
133:
53:
907:
831:
412:
202:
170:
1239:
1184:
1129:
1114:"Switchable DNA interfaces for the highly sensitive detection of label-free DNA targets"
1064:
1256:
1223:
1148:
1113:
1089:
1048:
1021:
988:
813:
that are commonly used for biointerfaces include: metal nanomaterials such as gold and
806:
664:
554:
417:
404:
231:
226:
987:
Dreaden, Erik C; Austin, Lauren A; Mackey, Megan A; El-Sayed, Mostafa A (2017-01-26).
32:
1346:
1208:
868:
810:
756:
681:
576:
521:
361:
324:
187:
145:
116:
1224:"Electrical Stimulus Controlled Binding/Unbinding of Human Thrombin-Aptamer Complex"
921:"Biointerface Materials for Cellular Adhesion: Recent Progress and Future Prospects"
851:(SiNWs) are often used. Various methods of growth and composition of SiNWs, such as
779:
766:
717:
591:
268:
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245:
721:
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672:
541:
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383:
150:
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106:
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946:
1222:
Gosai, Agnivo; Ma, Xiao; Balasubramanian, Ganesh; Shrotriya, Pranav (2016).
1138:
881:
701:
464:
457:
351:
155:
1333:
1265:
1200:
1157:
1098:
1030:
716:, and bottom up self-assembly methods), scientists who have developed new
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705:
452:
442:
258:
177:
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697:
693:
677:
447:
372:
293:
182:
68:
1247:
1004:
973:
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or living organism or organic material considered living with another
1072:
1049:"Macroporous nanowire nanoelectronic scaffolds for synthetic tissues"
731:
709:
581:
476:
288:
197:
989:"Size matters: gold nanoparticles in targeted cancer drug delivery"
192:
310:
249:
737:
Cells in engineered microenvironments and regenerative medicine
760:
1281:
Semiconducting
Silicon Nanowires for Biomedical Applications
919:
Nguyen, John V. L.; Ghafar-Zadeh, Ebrahim (2020-12-11).
908:
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/ebook/978-1-78262-845-3
740:
Computational and modeling approaches to biointerfaces
727:
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
663:is the region of contact between a biomolecule,
1118:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
640:
8:
876:(FET)-based devices. FET devices respond to
647:
633:
15:
1255:
1147:
1137:
1088:
1020:
936:
1173:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
896:
23:
786:Related fields for biointerfaces are
7:
1042:
1040:
962:The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
14:
614:
613:
31:
817:, semiconductor materials like
772:Molecularly designed interfaces
378:microbial calcite precipitation
867:. In the case of Tian et al.,
1:
338:marine biogenic calcification
821:, carbon nanomaterials, and
839:Silicon nanowire interfaces
567:Biomineralising polychaetes
333:amorphous calcium carbonate
19:Part of a series related to
1374:
1193:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.080
599:Burgess Shale preservation
1326:10.1016/j.aca.2012.08.035
1289:10.1533/9780857097712.1.3
857:chemical vapor deposition
561:Cupriavidus metallidurans
802:Nanostructure interfaces
718:spectroscopic techniques
282:Teeth, scales, tusks etc
1139:10.1073/pnas.0703974104
874:field-effect transistor
343:calcareous nannofossils
139:Choanoflagellate lorica
1314:Analytica Chimica Acta
865:extracellular matrices
769:and pathogen detection
532:Magnetotactic bacteria
357:oolitic aragonite sand
215:scaly-foot snail shell
690:peptide nucleic acids
993:Therapeutic Delivery
815:silver nanoparticles
1240:2016NatSR...637449G
1185:2020JCIS..559....1M
1130:2007PNAS..10417364R
1124:(44): 17364–17369.
1065:2012NatMa..11..986T
746:and membrane-based
259:Vertebrate skeleton
49:Mineralized tissues
1228:Scientific Reports
938:10.3390/act9040137
878:electric potential
423:diatomaceous earth
389:Great Calcite Belt
306:Scale microfossils
299:otolithic membrane
210:small shelly fauna
183:echinoderm stereom
59:Biocrystallization
1353:Biomineralization
1248:10.1038/srep37449
1005:10.4155/tde.12.21
974:10.1021/jp065099w
849:silicon nanowires
819:silicon nanowires
788:biomineralization
714:X-ray lithography
704:, and engineered
657:
656:
587:permineralization
572:Mineral nutrients
497:Mineral evolution
166:foraminifera test
25:Biomineralization
1365:
1338:
1337:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1283:. pp. 3–7.
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1162:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1109:
1103:
1102:
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1073:10.1038/nmat3404
1053:Nature Materials
1044:
1035:
1034:
1024:
984:
978:
977:
968:(6): 2351–2367.
957:
951:
950:
940:
916:
910:
901:
798:, and so forth.
763:at biointerfaces
649:
642:
635:
622:
617:
616:
537:Magnetoreception
517:Ballast minerals
112:Cephalopod shell
107:Brachiopod shell
54:Remineralisation
35:
16:
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1368:
1367:
1366:
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1106:
1059:(11): 986–994.
1046:
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1038:
986:
985:
981:
959:
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954:
918:
917:
913:
902:
898:
894:
841:
804:
694:peptidomimetics
653:
612:
605:
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491:
483:
482:
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437:
429:
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413:biogenic silica
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317:
316:
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283:
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203:gastropod shell
171:testate amoebae
161:diatom frustule
86:
75:
74:
73:
43:
12:
11:
5:
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1369:
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1104:
1036:
999:(4): 457–478.
979:
952:
911:
895:
893:
890:
869:cardiomyocytes
840:
837:
827:functionalized
811:Nanostructures
807:Nanotechnology
803:
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510:immobilization
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418:siliceous ooze
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405:Silicification
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904:Biointerfaces
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682:biotechnology
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582:Fossilization
580:
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577:Microbial mat
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522:Magnetofossil
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362:aragonite sea
360:
358:
355:
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336:
334:
331:
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325:Calcification
321:
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290:
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279:
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251:
247:
246:Endoskeletons
242:
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221:
218:
216:
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208:
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188:mollusc shell
186:
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179:
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146:Protist shell
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117:cirrate shell
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1056:
1052:
996:
992:
982:
965:
961:
955:
928:
924:
914:
903:
899:
886:conductivity
842:
805:
785:
780:nanoparticle
767:Pathogenesis
726:
722:bioengineers
661:biointerface
660:
658:
592:petrifaction
559:
547:
542:Microfossils
289:Limpet teeth
269:Ossification
264:Bone mineral
198:chiton shell
83:Exoskeletons
64:Biointerface
63:
686:diagnostics
673:biomaterial
527:Magnetosome
470:phosphorite
436:Other forms
384:calcite sea
151:coccosphere
95:exoskeleton
1358:Biosensors
1347:Categories
931:(4): 137.
892:References
882:biosensing
823:nanoporous
794:, medical
792:biosensors
782:interfaces
748:biosensing
734:interfaces
122:cuttlebone
91:Arthropod
1234:: 37449.
1209:203938092
1081:1476-1122
1013:2041-5990
947:2076-0825
925:Actuators
832:scaffolds
744:Membranes
702:ribozymes
548:engrailed
465:Phosphate
458:oil shale
352:Aragonite
156:coccolith
1334:23036462
1320:: 1–15.
1266:27874042
1201:31605780
1179:: 1–12.
1158:17951434
1099:22922448
1031:22834077
796:implants
776:Nanotube
753:Peptides
706:proteins
698:aptamers
620:Category
501:In soil
453:alginite
443:Bone bed
178:Seashell
85:(shells)
1257:5118750
1236:Bibcode
1181:Bibcode
1149:2077262
1126:Bibcode
1090:3623694
1061:Bibcode
1022:3596176
853:etching
844:Silicon
678:biology
490:Related
448:Kerogen
373:Calcite
294:Otolith
127:gladius
100:cuticle
69:Biofilm
42:General
1332:
1295:
1264:
1254:
1207:
1199:
1156:
1146:
1097:
1087:
1079:
1029:
1019:
1011:
945:
861:doping
859:, and
732:Neural
710:e-beam
669:tissue
618:
477:Pyrena
134:Lorica
1205:S2CID
555:Druse
250:bones
193:nacre
1330:PMID
1293:ISBN
1262:PMID
1197:PMID
1154:PMID
1095:PMID
1077:ISSN
1027:PMID
1009:ISSN
943:ISSN
759:and
712:and
665:cell
550:gene
311:Tusk
232:Test
1322:doi
1318:749
1285:doi
1252:PMC
1244:doi
1189:doi
1177:559
1144:PMC
1134:doi
1122:104
1085:PMC
1069:doi
1017:PMC
1001:doi
970:doi
966:111
933:doi
761:DNA
1349::
1328:.
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1291:.
1260:.
1250:.
1242:.
1230:.
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1187:.
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1075:.
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1057:11
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1015:.
1007:.
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929:9
778:/
648:e
641:t
634:v
252:)
248:(
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