110:
proposed that Bilulu functioned as a personified thunderstorm or rain cloud. According to Daniel
Schwemer this interpretation remains plausible, and finds support in the translation of the name of her son Girgire, "lightning bolt". However, the precise meaning of her own name is not known. She was
232:(tablet IV, line 264) though the glosses provided there would imply that in this case the name, while written as GĂŤR.GĂŤR, should be read as Ulul. Inanna is informed about Bilulu's role in the events by a nameless servant of Dumuzi. She recites a
677:
228:'s actions are meant to avenge this event. The cause is a raid on Dumuzi s dwelling conducted by Bilulu and her son Girgire. According to Richard L. Litke, the latter deity might also be mentioned in the god list
212:. The text is poorly preserved, and has been dated to between the nineteenth and seventeenth century BCE. According to Uri Gabbay, it is difficult to tell if it originally functioned as part of the
236:
in his memory, praising his skills as a shepherd, and decides that she needs to avenge him by killing Bilulu. She finds her in her dwelling, and places a curse upon her:
198:
it is possible
Ninbilulu was a goddess at some point, and that either she came to be viewed as male later, or that female and male derivatives of her coexisted.
784:
711:
Die
Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen
719:
690:
546:
136:
75:
804:
280:
However, according to Steve Tinney this interpretation might have been partially mistaken, and the passage should be retranslated:
533:
799:
208:
While the theonym
Ninbilulu does not appear in any sources postdating the Early Dynastic period, Bilulu is present in the myth
254:
of the desert, who are "no one's child and no one's friend", and are tasked with informing the deceased Dumuzi whenever a
175:
could be added to it as a prefix. Daniel
Schwemer also considers Bilulu to be the original form. Antoine Cavigneaux and
535:
Goddesses in
Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
195:
262:
meaning. The rest of the composition is focused on Inanna mourning Dumuzi's death alongside his sister
176:
275:
How truly she proved the equal of Dumuzi, avenging him; by killing Bilulu, Inana proved equal to him!
63:
115:, "old woman". Manuel Ceccarelli proposes that she might have functioned as a figure comparable to
658:
285:
Thus she evens the score for Dumuzi, having avenged him. Bilulu is dead! Inana evened the score!
103:
773:
754:
725:
715:
696:
686:
650:
625:
596:
542:
153:, in the last of these sources as a deity associated with various sources of water, including
107:
746:
617:
588:
251:
181:
270:. Samuel Noah Kramer's and Thorkild Jacobsen's original translation ends with the formula
171:
124:
793:
679:
A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:A-nu-um and AN:Anu šá Ameli
608:
Gabbay, Uri (2020). "A New
Manuscript of Ninĝišzida's Journey to the Netherworld".
241:
Begone! I have killed you; so it is indeed, and with you I destroy also your name!
144:
557:
263:
259:
67:
191:
149:
116:
29:
758:
700:
654:
629:
600:
592:
258:
is poured out for him. The transformation might be meant to give the myth an
729:
247:
166:
158:
140:
91:
621:
216:
curriculum, or as a liturgical text. The plot revolves around the death of
255:
187:
162:
120:
662:
638:
343:
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
267:
225:
217:
154:
87:
83:
709:
576:
370:
368:
750:
233:
213:
474:
472:
423:
421:
419:
577:"Die ‚Alte Weise' und die ‚weise Frau' im alten Mesopotamien"
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
220:. It presents a tradition distinct from that known from
386:
347:
194:
consistently regarded as male. However, according to
737:
Tinney, Steve (2018). ""Dumuzi's Dream" Revisited".
250:, and she and her son are tasked with acting as the
532:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
374:
135:It is presumed that Bilulu might be related to the
49:
44:
36:
21:
556:Cavigneaux, Antoine; Krebernik, Manfred (1998),
139:deity Ninbilulu, who is already attested in the
282:
272:
238:
82:, in which she is responsible for the death of
637:Jacobsen, Thorkild; Kramer, Samuel N. (1953).
502:
490:
478:
463:
427:
303:
785:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
8:
649:(3). University of Chicago Press: 160–188.
398:
359:
186:assume Ninbilulu might be identified with
745:(1). University of Chicago Press: 85–89.
685:. New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection.
161:. Julia M. Asher-Greve suggests that the
587:(1–2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 100–131.
324:
86:. This event is subsequently avenged by
70:of rain clouds. She might be related to
296:
246:Bilulu subsequently gets turned into a
714:(in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
514:
439:
410:
18:
451:
7:
616:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 67–90.
78:texts. She is known from the myth
66:who most likely functioned as the
14:
387:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
348:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
739:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
643:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
639:"The Myth of Inanna and Bilulu"
375:Cavigneaux & Krebernik 1998
131:Bilulu, Ninbilulu and Enbilulu
1:
147:god lists, as well as in the
610:Altorientalische Forschungen
562:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
575:Ceccarelli, Manuel (2019).
821:
676:Litke, Richard L. (1998).
503:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
491:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
479:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
464:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
428:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
304:Jacobsen & Kramer 1953
190:, a deity associated with
98:Name, character and origin
90:, who turns Bilulu into a
805:Sky and weather goddesses
708:Schwemer, Daniel (2001).
165:Bilulu is older, and the
26:
593:10.1515/fabula-2019-0008
196:Joan Goodnick Westenholz
74:known from a number of
800:Mesopotamian goddesses
622:10.1515/aofo-2020-0005
288:
278:
244:
64:Mesopotamian goddess
16:Mesopotamian goddess
493:, pp. 164–165.
466:, pp. 163–164.
104:Samuel Noah Kramer
40:possibly Ninbilulu
721:978-3-447-04456-1
692:978-0-9667495-0-2
548:978-3-7278-1738-0
210:Inanna and Bilulu
203:Inanna and Bilulu
177:Manfred Krebernik
108:Thorkild Jacobsen
80:Inanna and Bilulu
57:
56:
812:
775:Inana and Bilulu
762:
733:
704:
684:
672:
670:
669:
633:
604:
571:
570:
569:
552:
540:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
467:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
425:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
372:
363:
357:
351:
345:
328:
322:
307:
301:
252:tutelary deities
222:Inanna's Descent
185:
19:
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
811:
810:
809:
790:
789:
770:
765:
736:
722:
707:
693:
682:
675:
667:
665:
636:
607:
574:
567:
565:
555:
549:
538:
531:
527:
522:
521:
513:
509:
501:
497:
489:
485:
477:
470:
462:
458:
450:
446:
438:
434:
426:
417:
409:
405:
399:Ceccarelli 2019
397:
393:
389:, pp. 7–8.
385:
381:
373:
366:
360:Ceccarelli 2019
358:
354:
346:
331:
323:
310:
302:
298:
293:
287:
277:
266:and his mother
243:
206:
179:
133:
125:German folklore
111:referred to as
100:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
818:
816:
808:
807:
802:
792:
791:
788:
787:
769:
768:External links
766:
764:
763:
751:10.1086/696146
734:
720:
705:
691:
673:
634:
605:
572:
553:
547:
528:
526:
523:
520:
519:
507:
505:, p. 179.
495:
483:
481:, p. 164.
468:
456:
454:, p. 165.
444:
432:
430:, p. 163.
415:
403:
401:, p. 117.
391:
379:
377:, p. 336.
364:
362:, p. 118.
352:
329:
308:
306:, p. 168.
295:
294:
292:
289:
283:
273:
239:
214:scribal school
205:
200:
137:Early Dynastic
132:
129:
99:
96:
76:Early Dynastic
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
817:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
795:
786:
782:
780:
776:
772:
771:
767:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
717:
713:
712:
706:
702:
698:
694:
688:
681:
680:
674:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
563:
559:
554:
550:
544:
537:
536:
530:
529:
524:
517:, p. 88.
516:
511:
508:
504:
499:
496:
492:
487:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
460:
457:
453:
448:
445:
442:, p. 86.
441:
436:
433:
429:
424:
422:
420:
416:
413:, p. 78.
412:
407:
404:
400:
395:
392:
388:
383:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
353:
350:, p. 50.
349:
344:
342:
340:
338:
336:
334:
330:
327:, p. 90.
326:
325:Schwemer 2001
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
300:
297:
290:
286:
281:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
204:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
52:
48:
43:
39:
35:
31:
25:
20:
778:
774:
742:
738:
710:
678:
666:. Retrieved
646:
642:
613:
609:
584:
580:
566:, retrieved
561:
558:"Nin-Bilulu"
534:
525:Bibliography
510:
498:
486:
459:
447:
435:
406:
394:
382:
355:
299:
284:
279:
274:
245:
240:
229:
221:
209:
207:
202:
170:
148:
145:Abu Salabikh
134:
112:
101:
79:
71:
59:
58:
564:(in German)
515:Tinney 2018
440:Tinney 2018
411:Gabbay 2020
264:Geshtinanna
260:etiological
180: [
68:deification
37:Other names
794:Categories
668:2022-12-04
568:2022-12-04
452:Litke 1998
291:References
192:irrigation
150:Zame Hymns
117:Frau Holle
30:rain cloud
759:0022-2968
701:470337605
655:0022-2968
630:2196-6761
601:1613-0464
248:waterskin
230:An = Anum
167:cuneiform
159:Euphrates
92:waterskin
72:Ninbilulu
45:Genealogy
781:to Inana
730:48145544
256:libation
188:Enbilulu
102:In 1953
50:Children
28:Deified
783:in the
163:theonym
121:Perchta
53:Girgire
757:
728:
718:
699:
689:
663:542698
661:
653:
628:
599:
581:Fabula
545:
268:Duttur
226:Inanna
218:Dumuzi
155:Tigris
88:Inanna
84:Dumuzi
62:was a
60:Bilulu
22:Bilulu
779:ulila
777:: an
683:(PDF)
659:JSTOR
539:(PDF)
234:paean
224:, as
184:]
169:sign
123:from
113:um-ma
755:ISSN
726:OCLC
716:ISBN
697:OCLC
687:ISBN
651:ISSN
626:ISSN
597:ISSN
543:ISBN
157:and
143:and
141:Fara
106:and
747:doi
618:doi
589:doi
172:nin
127:.
119:or
796::
753:.
743:77
741:.
724:.
695:.
657:.
647:12
645:.
641:.
624:.
614:47
612:.
595:.
585:60
583:.
579:.
560:,
541:.
471:^
418:^
367:^
332:^
311:^
182:de
94:.
761:.
749::
732:.
703:.
671:.
632:.
620::
603:.
591::
551:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.