637:
189:. However, the vast majority of open-source projects make a distinction between binary-only device drivers (blobs) and binary-only firmware (not considered blobs), allowing for certain proprietary firmware to be freely distributed as part of their kernels, and, to the disagreement of some core contributors, also support the use of proprietary device drivers that are distributed externally, providing internal compatibility interfaces for such proprietary drivers and userspace components to work with their system. Projects following this policy include the
567:
245:
307:, a version of the Linux kernel that attempts to remove all binary blobs, including sourceless microcode, wrote in 2011: "Linux hasn't been Free Software since 1996, when Mr Torvalds accepted the first pieces of non-Free Software in the distributions of Linux he has published since 1991. Over these years, while this kernel grew by a factor of 14, the amount of non-Free firmware required by Linux drivers grew by an alarming factor of 83."
2278:
2268:
340:
240:
defends the policy of asking for distribution rights only for microcode firmware. "Once they are distributed... at least the device works." Implying that the alternative would be for the members of his small project to code free firmware themselves in the assembly language of many chipsets, he pleads
411:
Finally, binary blobs can be seen as drawing a line between the portion of the community that believes in free software ideals, rejecting proprietary software, and the portion that sees open source as desirable for purely technical reasons, often lacking a strong opposition to binary blobs "as long
395:
Firstly, their precise operation cannot be known and bugs cannot be detected by auditing source code; bugs are frequently only diagnosed by painstaking investigation when a system begins to behave unexpectedly. Such undetected bugs may also silently expose users and systems to security hazards. The
407:
Thirdly, using this software would force users to trust vendors or third parties not to put backdoors, spyware or malicious code into the blob. As well, the hardware vendor can decide not to support a given operating system, abandon driver maintenance at any time, or, in the event the company goes
216:
project has a notable policy of not only not accepting any binary device drivers into its source tree, but also officially not supporting any third-party proprietary device driver components on its platform, either; citing not only the potential for undetectable or irreparable security flaws, but
557:
tree (which precludes some encumbered wireless devices (e.g., Intel
Wireless) from being available during the initial install). On Microsoft Windows implementations, the microcode binary may be embedded in the SYS / DLL / VXD device driver directly, as opposed to separated microcode file.
287:
that stated "We, the undersigned Linux kernel developers, consider any closed-source Linux kernel module or driver to be harmful and undesirable... We have repeatedly found them to be detrimental to Linux users, businesses, and the greater Linux ecosystem." The Linux kernel maintainer
403:
is not available, the driver cannot be readily improved by its users, cannot be ported to architectures not originally supported, nor adapted to operate for slight variants of the hardware or updated it to be workable in new kernels having the changed API and architecture.
597:
computers. In the late 1990s work started on EFI (Extensible
Firmware Interface) with the objective to move legacy BIOS to a modern interface with a modular driver model. EFI is closed source and was eventually adopted by many industry leading hardware manufacturers as
412:
as they work". This fragmentation, and the acceptance of a growing number of proprietary components into Linux, is seen as weakening the ability of the community to resist the trend of manufacturers to increasingly refuse to provide documentation for their binaries.
221:(FSF) is actively campaigning against binary blobs. FSF also considers OpenBSD's policy confusingly worded, as "blobs" in the BSD community refer only to what it considers non-free drivers, and does not apply to proprietary firmware and sourceless microcode. The
543:
devices). Although the firmware is thus present in the operating system driver, it is merely copied to the device and not executed by the CPU, removing concerns about extra security flaws compared to what's already possible with a
108:
vendors provide complete technical documentation for their products, operating system developers are able to write hardware device drivers to be included in the operating system kernels. However, some vendors, such as
552:
images and will redistribute these images if the license permits; if free and unconditional redistribution is not permitted by the vendor, the machine instructions on fetching these images may be provided in the
282:
to even consider tying my hands over some binary-only module", and continuing: "I want people to know that when they use binary-only modules, it's THEIR problem." In 2008, 176 Linux kernel developers signed a
617:
architecture coreboot only incorporates the few proprietary binaries that are necessary to provide users with a base level hardware support. A completely open source alternative to BIOS and UEFI is
1771:
241:"don't load us up with more tasks." Despite this he favours chipsets that run without firmware and speaks warmly of Asian designs which he describes as slower to market but more mature.
1850:
478:
and independently procure Linux-specific binary blobs directly from the hardware manufacturer in order to monitor and service the hardware. Circa 2005, this state of affairs prompted
2069:
1691:
932:
Only a few recalcitrant vendors remain closed. / ethernet 95% documented 99% working / Open documentation largely due to the effort of one man: Bill Paul
1908:
1840:
2307:
1629:
1860:
1746:
1845:
1828:
318:
are shipped in binary and are linked against a specific version of the Linux kernel. This makes it very hard to upgrade a kernel version because it may require
2302:
1798:
1696:
1974:
1808:
1781:
1761:
1786:
424:
is software which allows one operating system to use a binary proprietary device driver written for another operating system. Examples of wrappers are
1736:
1706:
1883:
749:
1104:
See
Christos Zoulas's response to "Is sharing between Free/Open/NetBSD and the Linux kernel a common occurrence? And if so, does it go both ways?"
209:. Some of these projects do provide options for building the system without proprietary firmware, thus excluding sourceless microcode on demand.
1599:
1088:
453:
1855:
1813:
1756:
118:
113:, do not provide complete documentation for some of their products and instead provide binary-only drivers. This practice is most common for
2271:
2219:
2149:
1833:
642:
350:
462:
Another example is providing compatibility layers so that foreign utilities could be used to service the hardware. Examples include some
361:
1793:
1686:
609:
project was started to create an open source alternative to legacy BIOS from scratch. The coreboot developer community organises around
2174:
2026:
2089:
1999:
1994:
1557:
1532:
1507:
379:
602:(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The EDK (EFI Development Kit) was developed to assist EFI firmware development projects.
1818:
1726:
2084:
1916:
1823:
1663:
874:"Debian packages built from the source package 'firmware-nonfree' - Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux kernel"
613:
and is led by firmware developers with commit rights. Despite closed source binary firmware having been at the heart of the
2179:
2074:
1898:
1888:
1672:
38:
2245:
2099:
1893:
1324:
263:
126:
326:, or a combination of these steps, all of which implies that legacy devices will never get the latest Android version.
2207:
2114:
1949:
527:
that accompany some hardware, is generally not considered to be a binary blob. In many devices, firmware is stored in
84:
396:
fitness for purpose of the driver thus cannot be checked, and even if a bug is found there is no easy way to fix it.
548:
even if the firmware was already stored within the device at all times. The OpenBSD project accepts binary firmware/
2104:
1989:
1766:
661:
315:
293:
94:
1062:
If the kernel is compiled with the COMPAT_LINUX option, or the aacraid_linux.ko and linux.ko modules are loaded...
2239:
2154:
2139:
68:
1377:
2234:
2031:
1984:
1969:
1921:
1731:
1334:
1227:
954:
622:
255:
218:
154:
114:
1020:
If the kernel is compiled with the COMPAT_LINUX option, or the aac_linux.ko and linux.ko modules are loaded...
1623:
1617:
1430:
1165:
974:
2317:
2169:
2281:
2016:
1979:
1878:
927:
671:
651:
230:
158:
61:
2144:
1939:
1931:
1870:
1803:
463:
354:
that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
122:
1603:
1348:
2229:
2164:
2159:
1721:
1288:
686:
681:
610:
471:
42:
1092:
2109:
1711:
322:, reimplementing the proprietary device drivers as free software, creating and debugging wrappers,
319:
174:
89:
31:
2267:
799:
724:
539:
and require the host operating system to upload firmware each time they are connected (especially
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1302:
1280:
676:
289:
206:
64:
1367:
1114:
2312:
2189:
2036:
1716:
1553:
1528:
1503:
702:
566:
445:
299:
However, the Linux kernel contains closed-source firmware required by various device drivers.
105:
1371:
2322:
1954:
72:
1189:
2224:
1405:
1310:
873:
691:
524:
300:
244:
917:
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operating system and will remove all binary blobs when no documentation for hardware or
2021:
1944:
1306:
594:
421:
275:
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58:
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323:
271:
250:
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190:
165:
for device drivers and all applicable firmware is available; such projects include
75:, and is sometimes also applied to code running outside the kernel, such as system
1550:
Embedded
Firmware Solutions: Development Best Practices for the Internet of Things
1525:
Embedded
Firmware Solutions: Development Best Practices for the Internet of Things
1500:
Embedded
Firmware Solutions: Development Best Practices for the Internet of Things
1217:
444:. These wrappers allow these operating systems to use network drivers written for
895:
573:, an open-source implementation of BIOS, running as coreboot payload on a Lenovo
2184:
2011:
2006:
1641:
1329:
1222:
949:
944:
425:
400:
304:
166:
162:
98:
1620:
on Damien
Bergamini's wpi(4) driver, a blobless ipw3945 alternative for OpenBSD
1573:
1170:
632:
586:
545:
536:
278:
has made strong statements on the issue of binary-only modules, asserting: "I
46:
1262:
1241:
773:
2041:
1475:
666:
618:
590:
549:
515:
449:
292:
has stated that it is illegal to redistribute closed source modules for the
80:
17:
1455:
1049:
921:
750:"How Intel and PC makers prevent you from modifying your laptop's firmware"
217:
also the encroachment onto the openness and freedom of its software. The
125:. Most notably, closed-source drivers are very uncommon for non-wireless
2079:
1959:
803:
728:
696:
656:
606:
574:
520:
511:
186:
182:
130:
76:
1632:
by Brian Krebs on the
Washington Post's website, archived on May 5, 2012
1139:
848:
498:
monitoring, both of which concepts have subsequently found its way into
229:, clearly marking and separating the non-free packages according to the
1460:
1413:
1147:
1122:
1057:
1015:
1007:
1003:
856:
828:
570:
479:
475:
467:
437:
259:
213:
198:
142:
138:
266:, AMD had to constantly adapt the former binary blob used by Catalyst.
1349:"::[FSFLA]:: Take your freedom back, with Linux-2.6.33-libre"
535:, but to decrease costs and ease upgrades, some devices contain only
499:
487:
483:
441:
222:
194:
178:
129:, which can almost always be configured via standard utilities (like
110:
1635:
1284:
824:
392:
There are a number of reasons why binary blobs can be problematic.
2046:
1434:
1175:
978:
565:
429:
170:
1330:
GNU Project § Free System
Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)
861:
Blobs are vendor-compiled binary drivers without any source code.
225:
project included both free and non-free binary firmware from the
1548:
Vincent Zimmer; Jiming Sun; Marc Jones; Stefan Reinauer (2015).
1523:
Vincent Zimmer; Jiming Sun; Marc Jones; Stefan Reinauer (2015).
1498:
Vincent Zimmer; Jiming Sun; Marc Jones; Stefan Reinauer (2015).
896:"Почему так важно иметь документацию по программированию железа"
599:
582:
495:
1645:
1626:
with Jonathan Gray and Damien Bergamini regarding binary blobs
614:
540:
456:
333:
1069:
1389:
drivers designed for binary only Linux RAID management tools
1159:
1157:
351:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
408:
out of business, leave the driver completely unsupported.
1027:
357:
1190:"Protest against ATI nearly led to the arrest of RMS"
1692:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
825:"Chromium suddenly starts downloading a binary blob"
725:"Coreboot: Replacing Intel's Binary Video BIOS Blob"
2198:
2132:
2060:
1930:
1907:
1869:
1745:
1679:
975:"Interview with Jonathan Gray and Damien Bergamini"
930:. Courtyard Venice Airport, Venice/Tessera, Italy.
1630:The Black Hat Wireless Exploit Interview, Verbatim
1425:
1423:
968:
966:
964:
1380:. Courtyard Venice Airport, Venice/Tessera, Italy
1373:Driver Architecture and Implementation in OpenBSD
1026:"aac -- Adaptec AdvancedRAID Controller driver".
1008:"aac(4) — Adaptec AdvancedRAID Controller driver"
1600:"Researchers hack Wi-Fi driver to breach laptop"
1307:"Myths, Lies, and Truths about the Linux kernel"
1068:"aacraid -- Adaptec AACRAID Controller driver".
1050:"aacraid(4) — Adaptec AACRAID Controller driver"
1636:A creative example of the value of free drivers
1406:"RAID management support coming in OpenBSD 3.8"
1218:"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1433:. KernelTrap. November 2, 2004. Archived from
1285:"A position statement on Linux Kernel Modules"
800:"Raspberry Pi GPU Driver Turns Out To Be Crap"
1657:
593:applications, is a crucial component of many
233:. As of Debian 6.0 those blobs were removed.
141:attributes this to the work done by a single
8:
1697:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
1134:
1132:
1043:
1041:
2057:
1664:
1650:
1642:
1368:"Page 26: Only open for business: FreeBSD"
285:Position Statement on Linux Kernel Modules
1493:
1491:
1431:"OpenBSD Works To Open Wireless Chipsets"
1192:. Free Software Foundation. 27 April 2006
380:Learn how and when to remove this message
1115:"build/options/WITHOUT_SOURCELESS_UCODE"
997:
995:
523:is the software required by the onboard
494:concepts as an alternative solution for
243:
715:
157:-approved projects strive to provide a
2308:Pejorative terms related to technology
1576:. Free Software Foundation. 2006-11-29
945:"List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions"
248:The proprietary Linux graphic driver,
27:Software published only in binary code
894:Constantine A. Murenin (2006-12-10).
7:
2220:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
643:Free and open-source software portal
476:Linux compatibility layer in FreeBSD
2303:Free software culture and documents
1687:Alternative terms for free software
294:GNU General Public License-licensed
2027:Python Software Foundation License
1598:McMillan, Robert (June 21, 2006).
262:. As there is no stable in-kernel
25:
2090:Definition of Free Cultural Works
1707:Free software project directories
1140:"3.8: "Hackers of the Lost RAID""
918:"Page 11: The hardware: ethernet"
2277:
2276:
2266:
1727:Open-source software development
1242:"Debian firmware-linux packages"
1174:, Jeremy Andrews, archived from
977:. kerneltrap.org. Archived from
635:
338:
2085:Debian Free Software Guidelines
1917:Free Software Movement of India
1378:OpenCON 2006, 2–3 December 2006
928:OpenCON 2006, 2–3 December 2006
923:Open Documentation for Hardware
57:. The term usually refers to a
1164:Andrews, Jeremy (2006-05-02),
973:Andrews, Jeremy (2006-04-19).
798:Michael Larabel (2012-10-24).
723:Michael Larabel (2012-08-06).
1:
2075:Contributor License Agreement
1889:Open-source-software movement
1673:Free and open-source software
748:Chris Hoffmann (2015-02-13).
482:to create and popularise its
127:network interface controllers
39:free and open-source software
2246:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
2100:The Free Software Definition
1366:Jonathan Gray (2006-12-02).
1087:Matzan, Jem (15 June 2005).
621:, which was promoted by the
605:Also in the late 1990s, the
236:For OpenBSD, project leader
97:to describe a collection of
2150:Mozilla software rebranding
2115:Permissive software license
1602:. InfoWorld. Archived from
1091:. NewsForge. Archived from
119:wireless networking devices
101:stored as a single entity.
95:database management systems
2339:
2155:Proprietary device drivers
2105:The Open Source Definition
1166:"Interview: Theo de Raadt"
1089:"BSD cognoscenti on Linux"
662:Graphics hardware and FOSS
509:
32:Binary large object (BLOB)
29:
2262:
2240:Source-available software
2140:Digital rights management
2235:Shared Source Initiative
2032:Shared Source Initiative
1985:Free Software Foundation
1922:Free Software Foundation
1772:Configuration management
1574:"Campaign for Free BIOS"
1335:Free Software Foundation
1228:Free Software Foundation
955:Free Software Foundation
823:Jake Edge (2015-06-17).
699:NSA Binary blob backdoor
623:Free Software Foundation
316:Android operating system
310:Most of the drivers for
219:Free Software Foundation
30:Not to be confused with
2170:SCO/Linux controversies
1502:. Apress. p. 121.
585:, which functions as a
274:development community,
2070:Comparison of licenses
1879:Free software movement
1552:. Apress. p. 65.
1527:. Apress. p. 61.
1048:Achim Leubner (2013).
672:Loadable kernel module
652:Character large object
578:
360:by rewriting it in an
267:
254:, will share the same
231:Debian Social Contract
169:kernel packaging from
2145:License proliferation
1456:"/sys/dev/microcode/"
1144:OpenBSD Release Songs
853:OpenBSD Release Songs
774:"BIOS Freedom Status"
569:
474:would have to enable
247:
2230:Open-source hardware
2165:Proprietary software
2160:Proprietary firmware
1861:Formerly open-source
1856:Formerly proprietary
1722:Open-source software
1624:KernelTrap interview
1289:The Linux Foundation
1071:FreeBSD Manual Pages
1029:FreeBSD Manual Pages
687:Proprietary software
682:Proprietary firmware
589:and supports legacy
472:system administrator
303:, the maintainer of
258:infrastructure with
115:accelerated graphics
49:is referred to as a
45:only available as a
43:proprietary software
2110:Open-source license
1712:Gratis versus libre
1476:"sysutils/firmware"
1119:BSD Cross Reference
1054:BSD Cross Reference
1012:BSD Cross Reference
320:reverse engineering
207:Linux distributions
87:programs. The term
1618:KernelTrap article
1325:"Nonfree Firmware"
1303:Greg Kroah-Hartman
1281:Greg Kroah-Hartman
677:Opaque binary blob
579:
362:encyclopedic style
349:is written like a
290:Greg Kroah-Hartman
268:
133:) out of the box;
93:was first used in
71:of an open-source
37:In the context of
2290:
2289:
2190:Trusted Computing
2180:Software security
2128:
2127:
1809:Operating systems
1717:Long-term support
703:Wireless security
446:Microsoft Windows
399:Secondly, as the
390:
389:
382:
149:Policy by project
106:computer hardware
47:binary executable
16:(Redirected from
2330:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2175:Software patents
2058:
1970:Creative Commons
1829:Web applications
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1412:(Mailing list).
1398:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1299:
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1277:
1271:
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1200:
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1197:
1186:
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1179:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:on 23 March 2006
1084:
1078:
1075:
1064:
1045:
1036:
1033:
1022:
999:
990:
989:
987:
986:
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958:
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935:
934:
910:
904:
903:
891:
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882:
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820:
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813:
811:
810:
795:
789:
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786:
785:
770:
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763:
761:
760:
745:
739:
738:
736:
735:
720:
645:
640:
639:
638:
525:microcontrollers
448:by implementing
416:Use via wrappers
385:
378:
374:
371:
365:
342:
341:
334:
253:
123:RAID controllers
73:operating system
21:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2258:
2225:Open-core model
2200:
2194:
2124:
2062:
2056:
1926:
1903:
1865:
1748:
1741:
1675:
1670:
1609:
1607:
1606:on July 2, 2006
1597:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1547:
1546:
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1510:
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1429:
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1400:
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1395:
1383:
1381:
1365:
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1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1311:Linux Symposium
1301:
1300:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1239:
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1204:
1195:
1193:
1188:
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1130:
1113:
1112:
1108:
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1067:
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1025:
1001:
1000:
993:
984:
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943:
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912:
911:
907:
893:
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888:
879:
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871:
867:
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831:
822:
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817:
808:
806:
797:
796:
792:
783:
781:
772:
771:
767:
758:
756:
747:
746:
742:
733:
731:
722:
721:
717:
712:
707:
692:NSA ANT catalog
641:
636:
634:
631:
611:Stefan Reinauer
564:
518:
510:Main articles:
508:
506:Device firmware
464:RAID controller
418:
386:
375:
369:
366:
358:help improve it
355:
343:
339:
332:
324:binary patching
301:Alexandre Oliva
251:libGL-fglrx-glx
249:
151:
121:, and hardware
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2318:Device drivers
2315:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
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1762:Bioinformatics
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916:(2016-12-03).
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859:. 2006-05-01.
849:"3.9: "Blob!""
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346:
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312:mobile devices
296:Linux kernel.
276:Linus Torvalds
150:
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2214:GNU Manifesto
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2120:Public domain
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1909:Organisations
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1804:Office suites
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1703:
1702:Free software
1700:
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1559:9781484200704
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1534:9781484200704
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1509:9781484200704
1505:
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1483:
1482:
1481:OpenBSD ports
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1437:on 2006-06-20
1436:
1432:
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1403:
1402:Theo de Raadt
1397:
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1283:(June 2008).
1282:
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1263:"a/lt-binary"
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1185:
1182:
1178:on 2006-06-03
1177:
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1150:. 2005-11-01.
1149:
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1125:. 2012-02-04.
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981:on 2007-12-11
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914:Theo de Raadt
909:
906:
902:(in Russian).
901:
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562:BIOS and UEFI
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347:This section
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238:Theo de Raadt
234:
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203:DragonFly BSD
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135:Theo de Raadt
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60:
59:device driver
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2251:
2244:
2212:
2095:Free license
1841:Android apps
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1578:. Retrieved
1568:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1499:
1479:
1470:
1459:
1450:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1409:
1396:
1388:
1382:. Retrieved
1372:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1328:
1319:
1297:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1246:. Retrieved
1236:
1221:
1194:. Retrieved
1184:
1176:the original
1169:
1143:
1118:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:the original
1082:
1070:
1061:
1053:
1028:
1019:
1011:
1004:Adaptec, Inc
1002:Scott Long;
983:. Retrieved
979:the original
948:
939:
931:
922:
908:
900:Linux.org.ru
899:
889:
878:. Retrieved
868:
860:
852:
843:
832:. Retrieved
818:
807:. Retrieved
793:
782:. Retrieved
780:. 2014-11-12
777:
768:
757:. Retrieved
753:
743:
732:. Retrieved
718:
604:
580:
533:flash memory
529:non-volatile
519:
492:sensor drive
470:, where the
461:
434:Project Evil
419:
410:
406:
398:
394:
391:
376:
367:
348:
314:running the
309:
298:
284:
279:
272:Linux kernel
269:
235:
227:Linux kernel
211:
191:Linux kernel
152:
103:
88:
83:updates, or
54:
50:
36:
18:Binary blobs
2185:Tivoization
1824:Video games
1799:Mathematics
1223:GNU Project
950:GNU Project
754:pcworld.com
466:drivers in
426:NDISwrapper
401:source code
305:Linux-libre
205:, and most
167:Linux-libre
163:source code
145:developer.
99:binary data
55:binary blob
2297:Categories
2133:Challenges
1851:Commercial
1834:E-commerce
1819:Television
1610:2006-06-23
1580:2007-01-02
1441:2006-06-23
1384:2019-03-27
1248:2010-03-25
1196:2006-10-10
1171:KernelTrap
1099:2006-07-07
985:2008-01-06
880:2010-03-25
834:2015-06-23
809:2015-06-23
784:2015-06-23
759:2015-06-23
734:2015-06-23
710:References
587:bootloader
546:DMA attack
537:static RAM
370:March 2021
2063:standards
2061:Types and
2042:Unlicense
2037:Sleepycat
1871:Community
1638:, LWN.net
1353:fsfla.org
667:LinuxBoot
619:libreboot
591:real mode
550:microcode
516:Microcode
502:as well.
450:Microsoft
117:drivers,
81:microcode
67:into the
2313:Firmware
2282:Category
2199:Related
2080:Copyleft
2000:GNU LGPL
1995:GNU AGPL
1960:Beerware
1955:Artistic
1932:Licenses
1899:Advocacy
1846:iOS apps
1787:Wireless
1782:Graphics
1749:packages
1747:Software
1737:Timeline
1305:(2006).
1006:(2000).
804:Phoronix
729:Phoronix
697:ScreenOS
657:Firmware
629:See also
607:coreboot
575:ThinkPad
531:onboard
521:Firmware
512:Firmware
330:Problems
193:itself,
187:LibreCMC
183:Trisquel
175:Parabola
131:ifconfig
85:userland
79:images,
77:firmware
2323:Booting
2208:Forking
1990:GNU GPL
1884:History
1814:Routing
1777:Drivers
1732:Outline
1680:General
1461:OpenBSD
1414:OpenBSD
1267:lwn.net
1148:OpenBSD
1123:FreeBSD
1058:FreeBSD
1016:FreeBSD
857:OpenBSD
829:LWN.net
778:puri.sm
625:(FSF).
571:SeaBIOS
480:OpenBSD
468:FreeBSD
438:FreeBSD
422:wrapper
356:Please
270:In the
260:Mesa 3D
214:OpenBSD
199:FreeBSD
143:FreeBSD
139:OpenBSD
2272:Portal
2201:topics
2022:Python
1945:Apache
1894:Events
1794:Health
1767:Codecs
1556:
1531:
1506:
1244:. 2010
876:. 2010
500:NetBSD
488:bioctl
484:bio(4)
442:NetBSD
432:, and
280:refuse
223:Debian
195:NetBSD
185:, and
179:Devuan
111:Nvidia
69:kernel
65:loaded
62:module
2047:WTFPL
1757:Audio
1410:misc@
555:ports
430:Linux
171:FSFLA
153:Some
104:When
2052:zlib
1975:CDDL
1950:APSL
1554:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1504:ISBN
600:UEFI
583:BIOS
581:The
514:and
496:RAID
490:and
454:NDIS
440:and
436:for
428:for
212:The
159:free
90:blob
51:blob
2017:MPL
2012:MIT
2007:ISC
1980:EPL
1965:BSD
1940:AFL
615:x86
577:X60
541:USB
457:API
452:'s
264:ABI
256:DRM
155:FSF
137:of
53:or
2299::
1490:^
1478:.
1458:.
1422:^
1408:.
1387:.
1376:.
1370:.
1351:.
1333:.
1327:.
1309:.
1287:.
1265:.
1226:.
1220:.
1205:^
1168:,
1156:^
1146:.
1142:.
1131:^
1121:.
1117:.
1060:.
1056:.
1052:.
1040:^
1018:.
1014:.
1010:.
994:^
963:^
953:.
947:.
926:.
920:.
898:.
855:.
851:.
827:.
802:.
776:.
752:.
727:.
486:,
459:.
420:A
201:,
197:,
181:,
177:,
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1613:.
1583:.
1562:.
1537:.
1512:.
1484:.
1464:.
1444:.
1416:.
1355:.
1337:.
1313:.
1291:.
1269:.
1251:.
1230:.
1199:.
1102:.
1074:.
1032:.
988:.
957:.
883:.
837:.
812:.
787:.
762:.
737:.
383:)
377:(
372:)
368:(
364:.
34:.
20:)
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