1999:
1994:
123:
2022:
629:. The numerous small vascular canals around the skull roof, the lateral wall of the brain case and cranial vessels form a complex network around the brain which allowed the redistribution of the blood flow and physiological mechanisms for heat exchange in order to cool-down the brain and maintain optimal temperatures. In addition, the length of the
544:
XII) instead of two. It also has a more limited angle of 90ยฐ between the ventral surfaces of the basioccipital and the basisphenoid, and more caudally, to the rear, situated basipterygoid processes. In 2004, these were no longer considered unique traits but the triple exits were seen as rare.
526:, a unique derived character. On the top skull roof grooves are present, together forming a truncated "Y" and separating three polygonal areas of flat remodelled bone tissue. These grooves reflected the position of skull osteoderms. Averianov had in 2002 proposed three traits in which
686:
884:
Alifanov, V. R.; Saveliev, S. V. (2019). "The Brain
Morphology and Neurobiology in Armored Dinosaur Bissekipelta archibaldi (Ankylosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan".
822:
601:
had a well-developed olfaction, poor hearing and eyesight, good taste sensitivity, omnivorous diet and the unusual ability for filter-feeding. Also, the brain structure of
649:
and 3000 Hz. The elongated cochlear ducts in the more advanced ankylosaurines seem to indicate that these traits were adapted for enhanced hearing at lower frequencies.
2087:
2151:
2074:
605:
is rather primitive compared with other ankylosaur species. In 2020, Ivan Kuzmin and colleagues described and examined the braincase specimens of
1998:
953:
405:
honours James David
Archibald, leading the URBAC (Uzbekistan, Russia, Britain, America, & Canada) project that performed the excavation.
424:, of Dzharakuduk. It consists of a well-preserved, fully ossified braincase with a partial skull roof, along with isolated teeth and
2015:
658:
2156:
2166:
1993:
122:
2161:
577:
affirmed the position within the
Ankylosauridae. Based on numerous cranial traits, Kuzmin and colleagues have placed
510:, another braincase similar in size to the holotype that is slightly damaged and mixed up within the sediment layer.
841:
Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J. (2015). "Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs".
946:
687:"An ankylosaurid (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) braincase from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan"
1044:
402:
2146:
2141:
2042:
780:โ new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs"
2113:
1071:
939:
2025:
893:
850:
743:
594:
499:
432:
388:
262:
1431:
1328:
609:
in extensive detail. They performed a 3D reconstruction of the endocast of the brain cavity using
1167:
917:
866:
570:
536:
413:
354:
332:
293:
117:
2118:
2100:
2092:
1924:
1188:
909:
701:
311:
2105:
1389:
1336:
1174:
901:
858:
801:
791:
751:
574:
453:, a dubious name. This implied that no other species could be validly referred to the genus
774:
Kuzmin, I.; Petrov, I.; Averianov, A. O.; Boitsova, E.; Skutschas, P.; Sues, H.-D. (2020).
1854:
1818:
1758:
1724:
1717:
1610:
1551:
1423:
1320:
1236:
1196:
1029:
618:
506:, a smaller but well-preserved partial braincase with open sutures between some bones and
488:
366:
350:
897:
854:
747:
1917:
1903:
1889:
1797:
1770:
1666:
1647:
1562:
1508:
1373:
1343:
1313:
1276:
1252:
626:
582:
558:
477:
241:
228:
2135:
1880:
1790:
1735:
1679:
1626:
1592:
1493:
1439:
1414:
1396:
1299:
1245:
1218:
1210:
921:
870:
642:
630:
541:
336:
69:
1910:
1896:
1825:
1709:
1633:
1578:
1529:
1501:
1486:
1473:
1446:
1365:
1350:
1306:
1286:
1153:
1135:
1113:
1083:
1056:
1004:
962:
726:
Parish, J. C.; Barrett, P. M. (2004). "A reappraisal of the ornithischian dinosaur
566:
561:. Parish & Barrett thought such precision was unwarranted and placed the newly
523:
449:
436:
270:
215:
183:
862:
383:
In
September 1998, the joint Uzbek-Russian-British-American-Project excavated the
1945:
1862:
1811:
1751:
1702:
1544:
1522:
1454:
1403:
1203:
1181:
1013:
339:
199:
44:
469:
with the generic name combining a reference to the geological formation with a
1938:
1931:
1869:
1744:
1695:
1687:
1640:
1585:
1571:
1537:
1515:
1381:
1225:
1160:
905:
425:
393:
391:, Alexandr Averianov, based on this find, named a second species of the genus
358:
89:
54:
2065:
913:
796:
775:
705:
1952:
1832:
1619:
1599:
1461:
1358:
1260:
694:
Bulletin of the Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - Earth Sciences
634:
421:
384:
342:
134:
94:
38:
2059:
1959:
995:
986:
610:
417:
409:
167:
154:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
30:
2079:
1847:
1839:
806:
99:
74:
824:
Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs
498:
Two additional specimens were referred to by Kuzmin and colleagues in
980:
144:
2036:
755:
1804:
646:
470:
462:
1966:
346:
2040:
973:
935:
931:
597:, Alifanov and Saveliev redescribed the braincase noting that
585:
in a basal position and confirmed its valid taxonomic status.
518:
Parish & Barrett indicated some distinguishing traits of
730:
Kurzanov and
Tumanova 1978, with comments on the status of
613:
and they revealed that a considerable part of the brain of
435:, Jolyon Parish and Paul Barrett concluded that the
277:
2049:
1879:
1769:
1734:
1665:
1609:
1561:
1472:
1413:
1285:
1274:
1235:
1133:
1082:
1055:
1028:
483:(meaning shield). The type species is the original
476:(meaning small shield), which is derived from the
830:(PhD Thesis). University of Alberta. p. 265.
680:
678:
676:
674:
641:, and many other ankylosaurs, were adapted for
947:
412:specimen, ZIN PH 1/6, was collected from the
8:
769:
767:
765:
721:
719:
717:
715:
2037:
1775:
1671:
1478:
1291:
1282:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1061:
1034:
1025:
970:
954:
940:
932:
20:
805:
795:
553:When described in 2002, Averianov placed
16:Ankylosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous
534:. Its braincase has three exits for the
369:genus, containing only the type species
670:
7:
843:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
736:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
14:
2152:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
2021:
2020:
1997:
1992:
121:
659:Timeline of ankylosaur research
461:should be reassigned to a new
1:
863:10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985
317:Kurzanov & Tumanova, 1978
465:. They renamed the genus as
625:had an extremely developed
2183:
287:Parish & Barrett, 2004
2010:
1990:
1778:
1674:
1481:
1294:
1148:
1144:
1129:
1110:
1064:
1037:
1024:
969:
906:10.1134/S003103011903002X
784:Biological Communications
685:Averianov, A. O. (2002).
299:
292:
276:
269:
118:Scientific classification
116:
23:
797:10.21638/spbu03.2020.201
778:Bissektipelta archibaldi
493:Bissektipelta archibaldi
282:Bissektipelta archibaldi
886:Paleontological Journal
416:, dating from the late
335:shield") is a genus of
821:Arbour, V. M. (2014).
261:Parish & Barrett,
2157:Fossils of Uzbekistan
2114:Paleobiology Database
522:. One of these is an
399:Amtosaurus archibaldi
387:of an ankylosaur. In
303:Amtosaurus archibaldi
2167:Ornithischian genera
645:-hearing within 100
581:within the advanced
379:History of discovery
898:2019PalJ...53..315A
855:2016JSPal..14..385A
748:2004CaJES..41..299P
502:. These consist of
353:in what is now the
2162:Bissekty Formation
776:"The braincase of
621:, confirming that
571:Victoria M. Arbour
565:in a more general
537:Nervus hypoglossus
414:Bissekty Formation
355:Bissekty Formation
2129:
2128:
2101:Open Tree of Life
2043:Taxon identifiers
2034:
2033:
2006:
2005:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1925:Nodocephalosaurus
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1270:
1269:
1189:Serendipaceratops
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
734:Averianov 2002".
728:Amtosaurus magnus
445:Amtosaurus magnus
324:
323:
318:
312:Amtosaurus magnus
307:
265:
2174:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2001:
1996:
1776:
1672:
1479:
1390:Propanoplosaurus
1337:Glyptodontopelta
1292:
1283:
1175:Priodontognathus
1146:
1142:
1131:
1062:
1035:
1026:
1019:
1018:
971:
956:
949:
942:
933:
926:
925:
881:
875:
874:
838:
832:
831:
829:
818:
812:
811:
809:
799:
771:
760:
759:
723:
710:
709:
691:
682:
617:was occupied by
575:Philip J. Currie
316:
305:
279:
260:
253:
240:
227:
214:
198:
182:
126:
125:
111:
41:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2002:
1972:
1875:
1855:Tianzhenosaurus
1819:Minotaurasaurus
1765:
1759:Zhongyuansaurus
1730:
1725:Zhejiangosaurus
1718:Liaoningosaurus
1653:
1611:Struthiosaurini
1605:
1557:
1552:Tatankacephalus
1468:
1424:Gargoyleosaurus
1409:
1321:Gargoyleosaurus
1279:
1266:
1237:Parankylosauria
1231:
1197:Sinankylosaurus
1138:
1117:
1098:
1078:
1051:
1045:Avemetatarsalia
1030:Avemetatarsalia
1020:
976:
975:
965:
960:
930:
929:
883:
882:
878:
840:
839:
835:
827:
820:
819:
815:
773:
772:
763:
756:10.1139/e03-101
725:
724:
713:
689:
684:
683:
672:
667:
655:
619:olfactory bulbs
591:
551:
516:
489:new combination
381:
351:Late Cretaceous
306:Averianov, 2002
288:
285:
259:
251:
238:
225:
212:
196:
180:
120:
112:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1918:Euoplocephalus
1914:
1907:
1904:Anodontosaurus
1900:
1893:
1890:Akainacephalus
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1798:Crichtonsaurus
1794:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1771:Ankylosaurinae
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1667:Ankylosauridae
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1648:Struthiosaurus
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:Panoplosaurini
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1509:Niobrarasaurus
1505:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1374:Polacanthoides
1370:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1344:Horshamosaurus
1340:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1314:Dongyangopelta
1310:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1280:
1277:Euankylosauria
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1253:Kunbarrasaurus
1249:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
983:
974:
967:
966:
961:
959:
958:
951:
944:
936:
928:
927:
892:(3): 315โ321.
876:
849:(5): 385โ444.
833:
813:
761:
742:(3): 299โ306.
711:
669:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
654:
651:
637:suggests that
631:cochlear ducts
627:sense of smell
590:
587:
583:Ankylosaurinae
559:Ankylosauridae
550:
549:Classification
547:
530:differed from
515:
512:
508:ZIN PH 2329/16
380:
377:
345:that lived in
322:
321:
320:
319:
308:
297:
296:
290:
289:
286:
274:
273:
267:
266:
249:
245:
244:
242:Ankylosaurinae
236:
232:
231:
229:Ankylosauridae
223:
219:
218:
210:
203:
202:
194:
187:
186:
178:
171:
170:
165:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2179:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Turonian life
2145:
2143:
2142:Ankylosaurids
2140:
2139:
2137:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2051:Bissektipelta
2048:
2044:
2039:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2000:
1995:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1881:Ankylosaurini
1878:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1791:Crichtonpelta
1788:
1786:
1785:
1784:Bissektipelta
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1736:Shamosaurinae
1733:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:Ahshislepelta
1677:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1627:Hungarosaurus
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:Panoplosaurus
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:Ahshislepelta
1491:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:Hoplitosaurus
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:Polacanthinae
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1397:Rhadinosaurus
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1300:Acanthopholis
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1246:Antarctopelta
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:Tianchisaurus
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:Stegosaurides
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
977:
972:
968:
964:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
934:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
834:
826:
825:
817:
814:
808:
803:
798:
793:
790:(2): 85โ156.
789:
785:
781:
779:
770:
768:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:A. archibaldi
729:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
681:
679:
677:
675:
671:
664:
660:
657:
656:
652:
650:
648:
644:
643:low frequency
640:
639:Bissektipelta
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Bissektipelta
620:
616:
615:Bissektipelta
612:
608:
607:Bissektipelta
604:
603:Bissektipelta
600:
599:Bissektipelta
596:
588:
586:
584:
580:
579:Bissektipelta
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:Bissektipelta
560:
556:
555:A. archibaldi
548:
546:
543:
542:cranial nerve
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:A. archibaldi
525:
521:
520:Bissektipelta
513:
511:
509:
505:
504:ZIN PH 281/16
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:A. archibaldi
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
467:Bissektipelta
464:
460:
459:A. archibaldi
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
403:specific name
400:
396:
395:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
373:
372:B. archibaldi
368:
364:
363:Bissektipelta
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
338:
337:ankylosaurine
334:
330:
329:
328:Bissektipelta
314:
313:
309:
304:
301:
300:
298:
295:
291:
284:
283:
275:
272:
268:
264:
258:
257:
256:Bissektipelta
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
124:
119:
115:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
32:
26:
25:Bissektipelta
22:
19:
2050:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1911:Dyoplosaurus
1909:
1902:
1897:Ankylosaurus
1895:
1888:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1831:
1826:Pinacosaurus
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1723:
1716:
1710:Hylaeosaurus
1708:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1646:
1639:
1634:Pawpawsaurus
1632:
1625:
1618:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1579:Denversaurus
1577:
1570:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1530:Peloroplites
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1502:Borealopelta
1500:
1492:
1487:Acantholipan
1485:
1474:Nodosaurinae
1460:
1453:
1447:Peloroplites
1445:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1366:Mymoorapelta
1364:
1357:
1351:Hylaeosaurus
1349:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1307:Anoplosaurus
1305:
1298:
1287:Nodosauridae
1259:
1251:
1244:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1154:Cryptosaurus
1152:
1136:Ankylosauria
1114:Ankylosauria
1112:
1084:Ankylosauria
1072:Ornithischia
1057:Ornithischia
1009:
1005:Ornithischia
1000:
991:
963:Ankylosauria
889:
885:
879:
846:
842:
836:
823:
816:
787:
783:
777:
739:
735:
731:
727:
697:
693:
638:
622:
614:
606:
602:
598:
592:
589:Paleobiology
578:
567:Ankylosauria
562:
554:
552:
535:
531:
527:
524:autapomorphy
519:
517:
507:
503:
497:
492:
484:
480:
473:
466:
458:
454:
450:nomen dubium
448:
444:
440:
437:type species
430:
407:
398:
392:
382:
371:
370:
367:monospecific
362:
340:thyreophoran
327:
326:
325:
310:
302:
281:
280:
271:Type species
255:
254:
216:Ankylosauria
206:
190:
184:Ornithischia
174:
161:
24:
18:
1946:Scolosaurus
1863:Tsagantegia
1812:Jinyunpelta
1752:Shamosaurus
1703:Chuanqilong
1545:Silvisaurus
1523:Patagopelta
1455:Polacanthus
1404:Sauroplites
1204:Spicomellus
1182:Sarcolestes
1014:Thyreophora
807:11701/19215
569:. However,
514:Description
349:during the
235:Subfamily:
200:Thyreophora
37:92โ90
2136:Categories
2014:See also:
1939:Platypelta
1932:Oohkotokia
1870:Zaraapelta
1745:Gobisaurus
1696:Cedarpelta
1688:Aletopelta
1641:Stegopelta
1586:Edmontonia
1572:Animantarx
1538:Sauropelta
1516:Nodosaurus
1382:Priconodon
1226:Vectipelta
1161:Dracopelta
1093:see belowโ
996:Dinosauria
700:: 97โ110.
665:References
455:Amtosaurus
441:Amtosaurus
426:osteoderms
394:Amtosaurus
359:Uzbekistan
331:(meaning "
168:Dinosauria
1953:Talarurus
1833:Saichania
1620:Europelta
1600:Texasetes
1462:Taohelong
1359:Invictarx
1261:Stegouros
979:Kingdom:
922:195299630
914:0031-0301
871:214625754
706:0374-6291
635:inner ear
532:A. magnus
422:Coniacian
385:braincase
343:dinosaurs
141:Kingdom:
135:Eukaryota
2060:Wikidata
2026:Category
2016:Timeline
1960:Ziapelta
1432:Gastonia
1329:Gastonia
987:Chordata
985:Phylum:
981:Animalia
653:See also
611:CT scans
487:but the
447:, was a
418:Turonian
410:holotype
333:Bissekty
294:Synonyms
222:Family:
155:Chordata
151:Phylum:
145:Animalia
131:Domain:
31:Turonian
2106:4126895
2093:1168657
2080:4823059
2066:Q138923
1848:Tarchia
1840:Shanxia
894:Bibcode
851:Bibcode
744:Bibcode
633:in the
557:in the
248:Genus:
106:↓
920:
912:
869:
704:
401:. The
2119:57228
2088:IRMNG
1805:Datai
1168:Minmi
1010:Clade
1001:Clade
992:Clade
918:S2CID
867:S2CID
828:(PDF)
690:(PDF)
481:peltรจ
478:Greek
474:pelta
471:Latin
463:taxon
365:is a
207:Clade
191:Clade
175:Clade
162:Clade
2075:GBIF
1967:Zuul
1070:see
1043:see
910:ISSN
702:ISSN
595:2019
573:and
500:2020
433:2004
408:The
389:2002
347:Asia
263:2004
45:Pre๊
902:doi
859:doi
802:hdl
792:doi
752:doi
593:In
491:is
439:of
431:In
357:of
2138::
2116::
2103::
2090::
2077::
2062::
1012::
1003::
994::
916:.
908:.
900:.
890:53
888:.
865:.
857:.
847:14
845:.
800:.
788:65
786:.
782:.
764:^
750:.
740:41
738:.
714:^
698:72
696:.
692:.
673:^
647:Hz
495:.
457:.
443:,
428:.
397::
375:.
361:.
315:?
209::
193::
177::
164::
95:Pg
39:Ma
1858:?
1843:?
1762:?
1713:?
1691:?
1683:?
1533:?
1497:?
1465:?
1450:?
1435:?
1427:?
1385:?
1377:?
1369:?
1354:?
1332:?
1324:?
1256:?
1214:?
1192:?
955:e
948:t
941:v
924:.
904::
896::
873:.
861::
853::
810:.
804::
794::
758:.
754::
746::
708:.
540:(
420:-
278:โ
252:โ
239:โ
226:โ
213:โ
197:โ
181:โ
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:๊
34:~
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