495:, communications towers, and other human-related activities and structures; estimates vary from about 3.5 to 975 million birds a year in the North America alone. The largest source of human-related bird death is due to glass windows, which kill 100–900 million birds a year. The next largest sources of human-caused death are hunting (100+ million), house cats (100 million), cars and trucks (50 to 100 million), electric power lines (174 million), and pesticides (67 million). Birds are also killed in large quantities by flying into communication tower guidelines, usually after being attracted by tower lights. This phenomenon is called
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31:
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612:
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570:, a species that declined to less than thirty birds. In order to save the California condor the decision was made to take every individual left in the wild into captivity. From these 22 individuals a breeding programme began that brought the numbers up to 273 by 2005. An even more impressive recovery was that of the
671:
preventing landowners from undertaking damaging land use practices, or paying them not to undertake those activities. The goals of habitat protection for birds and other threatened animals and plants often conflicts with other stakeholders, such as landowners and businesses, who can face economically
565:
or breeding facilities, for later reintroduction back into the wild. As such a captive population can either serve as an insurance against the species going extinct in the wild or as a last-ditch effort in situations where conservation in the wild is impossible. Captive breeding has been used to save
629:
Translocations involve moving populations of threatened species into areas of suitable habitat currently unused by the species. There are several reasons for doing this; the creation of secondary populations that act as an insurance against disaster, or in many cases threats faced by the original
591:
was successfully reintroduced into the wild after its captive breeding programme. Reintroductions can be very difficult and often fail if insufficient preparations are made, as species born in captivity may lack the skills and knowledge needed for life in the wild after living in captivity.
658:
is the most serious threat facing many bird species, conservation organisations and government agencies tasked with protecting birds work to protect areas of natural habitat. This can be achieved through purchasing land of conservation importance, setting aside land or gazetting it as a
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Reintroductions of captive bred populations can occur to replenish wild populations of an endangered species, to create new populations or to restore a species after it has become extinct in the wild. Reintroductions helped bring the wild populations of
343:
for the pet trade has led to many species becoming endangered. Between 1986 and 1988 two million parrots were legally imported into the US alone. Parrots are also illegally smuggled between countries, and rarer species can command high prices.
530:
collectors which are mounted near the ground – is from extensive land clearing and increases in long-distance power transmission infrastructure. In 2015, biologists working for the state of
California estimated that 3,500 birds died at the
707:
1314:
In April, biologists working for the state estimated that 3,500 birds died at
Ivanpah in the span of a year, many of them burned alive while flying through a part of the solar installment where air temperatures can reach 1,000 degrees
171:
reduce potential habitat for many species. In addition the remaining patches of habitat are often too small or fragmented by the construction of roads or other such barriers that cause populations in these fragmented
607:
of uncertain origin have escaped into the wild or have been intentionally introduced. Green peafowl of similar mixed origins confiscated from local bird dealers have been released into areas with native wild birds.
522:; suggesting cumulative mortality is approaching the order of a million individuals annually. Migrating songbirds appeared to be the most strongly impacted in some studies. The primary impact of commercial
263:
is the most famous example of a species that was probably driven to extinction by introduced species (although human hunting also played a role), other species that were victims of introduced species were the
56:. Humans have had a profound effect on many bird species. Over one hundred species have gone extinct in historical times, although the most dramatic human-caused extinctions occurred in the
184:
is the most pressing problem, as these forests hold the highest number of species yet are being destroyed quickly. Habitat loss has been implicated in a number of extinctions, including the
324:
was once the most numerous species of bird alive (possibly ever), overhunting reduced a species that once numbered in the billions to extinction. Hunting pressure can be for food, sport,
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1193:
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Moore, R., Robinson, W., Lovette, I., & Robinson, T. (2008). Experimental evidence for extreme dispersal limitation in tropical forest birds. Ecology
Letters, 11(9):960–968.
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The recent growth in the renewable energy industry is also increasing the threat to birds farther away from dense human population centers. As of late 2019, the capacity of
646:, so were moved to smaller offshore islands that had been cleared of predators. From there a recovery programme has managed to maintain and eventually increase their numbers.
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demonstration plant in the span of a year; "many of them burned alive while flying near the tower collector where air temperatures reached up to 1,000 degrees
Fahrenheit."
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1925:
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235:. As humans traveled around the world they brought with them many foreign animals which disturbed these island species. Some of these were unfamiliar predators, like
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has probably caused the most extinctions of birds, particularly on islands. most prehistoric human caused extinctions were insular as well. Many island species
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Scientists and conservation professionals have developed a number of techniques to protect bird species. These techniques have had varying levels of success.
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conservation, has been used in a number of instances to save species from extinction. The principle is to create a viable population of a species in either
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Humans have exploited birds for a very long time, and sometimes this exploitation has resulted in extinction. Overhunting occurred in some instances with a
3564:
4434:
3782:
4312:
4307:
1103:
Le Correa, M., Ollivier, A., Ribesc S., Jouventin, P., (2002). "Light-induced mortality of petrels: a 4-year study from Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)."
76:, many bird populations are currently declining worldwide, with 1,200 species facing extinction in the next century. The biggest cited reason surrounds
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terminal in Saint John, New
Brunswick, Canada on September 13, 2013. Similar incidents have occurred at flares on offshore oil and gas installations.
176:
to become vulnerable to localised extinction. In addition many forest species show limited abilities to disperse and occupy new forest fragments (see
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1920:
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The introduction of captives of unknown pedigree can pose a threat to native populations. Domestic fowl have threatened endemic species such as
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884:
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796:
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can attract and kill large numbers of birds. Approximately 7,500 migrating songbirds were attracted to and killed by the flare at the
518:). Studies conducted at a variety of farms found fewer than 14, and typically fewer than 4, direct bird deaths per year per installed
388:
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are being transported by wind and ocean currents throughout the planet, and mistaken ingestion by many species is eventually fatal.
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of habitat. The loss of forests, plains and other natural systems into agriculture, mines, and urban developments, the draining of
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4115:
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3073:
1271:
961:
Atkinson, C., Dusek, R., Woods, K., Iko, W. (2000). "Pathogenicity of avian malaria in experimentally-infected Hawaii
Amakihi."
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4583:
3872:
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Reintroductions can also fail if the causes of a birds decline have not been adequately addressed. Attempts to reintroduce the
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are particularly common and many breeders produce hybrids that may be accidentally or intentionally introduced into the wild.
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for birds which disappeared in prehistoric and early historic times, usually due to human activity (i.e., starting with the
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4808:
4370:
4273:
4265:
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3654:
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Brothers NP. 1991. "Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the
Japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean."
977:
Holdaway, R., Jacomb, C. (2000). "Rapid
Extinction of the Moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): Model, Test, and Implications."
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4365:
3877:
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3288:
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Jones, C.G.; Heck, W.; Lewis, R.E.; Mungroo, Y.; Slade, G.; Cade, T. (1995). " The restoration of the
Mauritius kestrel
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131:
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4745:
4697:
3934:
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3802:
3787:
3586:
3400:
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1910:
1286:"Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and their Habitats:A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions"
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1742:
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Blumstein, D., Daniel, J. (2005). "The loss of anti-predator behaviour following isolation on islands."
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1900:
1792:
1732:
1677:
1457:
888:
757:
356:
181:
177:
152:
3036:
1144:"Analysis of trends and agricultural drivers of farmland bird declines in North America: A review"
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4912:
4283:
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4014:
3957:
3625:
3499:
3430:
3222:
2683:
1747:
1707:
1672:
1394:
Simberloff, D. (1987). "The
Spotted Owl Fracas: Mixing Academic, Applied, and Political Ecology"
1143:
639:
277:
224:
50:
1111:
3029:
1087:
Dunnet, G., Crisp, D., Conan, G., Bourne, W. (1982). "Oil Pollution and Seabird Populations ."
4739:
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85:
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that are high on the food chain. The use of pesticides continues to harm birds, especially
4853:
4600:
4592:
4165:
3340:
2907:
2735:
2205:
1727:
1712:
1650:
1549:
1477:
1421:
574:, which by 1974 had dropped to only four individuals, yet by 2006 the population was 800.
470:
424:
305:
232:
631:
265:
1349:
Putra, M. & Prins, H. (2000). "Status and distribution of the endemic Bali starling
1122:
Grier, W., (1982). "Ban of DDT and subsequent recovery of Reproduction in bald eagles."
1032:
480:, where birds in the water become tangled in fishing nets or hooked on lines set out by
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4649:
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3370:
3017:
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2402:
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2013:
1767:
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1757:
1737:
1722:
1617:
1612:
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1450:
1051:
1016:
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336:
104:
30:
17:
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4714:
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3509:
3504:
2955:
2939:
2862:
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2486:
2336:
2223:
2181:
1981:
1973:
1895:
1859:
1777:
1701:
934:
677:
660:
593:
462:
293:
57:
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damaging restrictions on their activities. Plans to protect crucial habitat for the
611:
442:
was responsible for thinning egg shells in nesting birds, particularly seabirds and
72:, during which an estimated 750–1,800 species of birds became extinct. According to
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4797:
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4708:
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4605:
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4335:
3544:
3127:
3041:
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1834:
1822:
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1802:
1499:
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689:
655:
527:
443:
289:
216:
77:
1015:
Chris Wilcox, Erik Van Sebille, and Britta Denise Hardesty (September 22, 2015).
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4974:
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4526:
4511:
2846:
2693:
2499:
2478:
2467:
2432:
2299:
2289:
2247:
2138:
2005:
1807:
1632:
1627:
1559:
1544:
1512:
1189:
673:
668:
635:
500:
455:
447:
420:
352:
313:
285:
269:
81:
1159:
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that degraded breeding habitat. Disease can also play a role; introduced avian
4929:
4881:
4790:
4546:
4461:
4059:
3999:
2963:
2825:
2764:
2743:
2575:
2559:
2494:
2439:
2411:
2343:
2308:
2186:
2034:
1869:
1844:
1602:
1017:"Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing"
708:
Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
466:
208:
204:
69:
488:
are hooked and drown each year on tuna lines set out by long-line fisheries.
4764:
4661:
4488:
4471:
3684:
3516:
2923:
2878:
2667:
2460:
2377:
2361:
2350:
2260:
2196:
2155:
1854:
1655:
1642:
1622:
1522:
1041:
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436:
412:
400:
387:
378:
329:
248:
240:
228:
100:
96:
65:
61:
1060:
403:
has led to serious declines in some species. Increasingly large volumes of
3065:
499:
and is responsible for 5–50 million birds deaths a year. Similarly,
473:
in the tissue of birds and is associated with impairment of reproduction.
328:, or even come from scientists collecting museum specimens. Collection of
4828:
4501:
4476:
3440:
3167:
2891:
2621:
2596:
2542:
2453:
2425:
2315:
2279:
2271:
2253:
2148:
2133:
2117:
1864:
1827:
1660:
1258:
Seabirds at Risk around Offshore Oil Platforms in the North-west Atlantic
519:
515:
630:
population in its current location. One famous translocation was of the
27:
Field in the science of conservation biology related to threatened birds
4681:
4625:
4615:
2801:
2654:
2533:
2418:
2384:
2322:
2143:
1997:
1989:
1682:
1554:
1539:
1529:
1414:
947:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences
702:
477:
451:
416:
408:
360:
325:
317:
252:
168:
164:
88:
1442:
813:
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into the wild failed due to continued poaching of reintroduced birds.
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3926:
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2931:
2870:
2646:
2638:
2567:
2507:
2391:
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1879:
1874:
1752:
432:
340:
281:
256:
1260:, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 1,285–1,290, 2001.
458:
in agriculture. A particularly dangerous class of pesticides is the
566:
several species from extinction, the most famous example being the
355:
may also endanger birds, damaging the gene stock. For example, the
134:). For birds having gone extinct in modern times (since 1500), see
4686:
4620:
4345:
4253:
2817:
2604:
2167:
610:
386:
280:
with extinction are vulnerable to introduced species, such as the
203:
160:
29:
995:
The Silent Sky: The Incredible Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon
80:. Other threats include overhunting, accidental mortality due to
4447:
2793:
2160:
2123:
2093:
1507:
1473:
1194:"Collisions between birds and windows: mortality and prevention"
810:"Worldwatch Paper #165: Winged Messengers: The Decline of Birds"
260:
111:, work to protect birds in various ways, including legislation,
53:
4416:
3930:
3069:
1957:
1446:
1372:
Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 1995–1999: Pheasants
2915:
1772:
1534:
1432:
562:
439:
427:
can also have a damaging effect on some species, particularly
309:
244:
236:
92:
603:
while pheasants such as the ring-necked pheasant and captive
1089:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
885:"Protect Backyard Birds and Wildlife: Keep Pet Cats Indoors"
1429:– a Kruger National Park (KNP) Birding Conservation Project
332:
for museums pushed the already rare species to extinction.
1291:. National Wind Coordinating Collaborative. 31 March 2010.
1246:
7,500 songbirds killed at Canaport gas plant in Saint John
1142:
Stanton, R.L.; Morrissey, C.A.; Clark, R.G. (2018-02-15).
638:. These large flightless parrots were unable to cope with
247:; others were competitors, such as other bird species, or
1437:
255:
is thought to be a primary cause of many extinctions in
151:
The most critical threat facing threatened birds is the
1225:
419:'s waterproofing, causing the birds to drown or die of
789:
Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds
5020:
4902:
4864:
4634:
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4321:
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4217:
4159:
4108:
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4013:
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3845:
3700:
3537:
3480:
3449:
3369:
3236:
3116:
2890:
2845:
2784:
2755:
2726:
2705:
2666:
2629:
2620:
2587:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2477:
2401:
2360:
2298:
2270:
2246:
2222:
2195:
2116:
2103:
2064:
2033:
1972:
1888:
1791:
1691:
1641:
1568:
1498:
1272:"US Cracks 100GW of Wind as Post-Subsidy Era Looms"
743:
International Convention on the Protection of Birds
684:in the western United States; this was opposed by
3336:Other effective area-based conservation measures
107:. Governments, along with numerous conservation
4401:Pre-2001 categories and subcategories shown in
3331:Integrated Conservation and Development Project
1021:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
835:"Help Migratory Birds Reach Their Destinations"
316:, in other cases it was an industrial level of
1374:. Pheasant Specialist Group, IUCN. p. 7.
1370:Philip J. K. McGowan, Peter J. Garson (1995).
4428:
3942:
3081:
1458:
454:that have lost a food source from the use of
359:has been often reported hybridising with the
231:in the absence of predators and consequently
8:
1073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
476:Seabirds face another threat in the form of
308:species unfamiliar with humans, such as the
3967:Template: Threatened species by region
4435:
4421:
4413:
4105:
3989:
3982:
3949:
3935:
3927:
3088:
3074:
3066:
2626:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2267:
2113:
2100:
2061:
2057:
2030:
1969:
1965:
1954:
1950:
1465:
1451:
1443:
1304:"High-Tech Solar Projects Fail to Deliver"
680:required the protection of large areas of
91:, pollution, competition and predation by
5005:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
1148:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
1050:
1040:
1325:
1323:
4313:The world's 100 most threatened species
4308:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
780:
763:Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union
215:devastated populations of auks; here a
1270:Karl-Erik Stromsta (31 October 2013).
1248:(online CBC News, September 17, 2013).
1066:
812:. Worldwatch Institute. Archived from
399:Birds face a number of other threats.
1137:
1135:
912:. W.H Freeman and Company, New York.
188:(disputed because of "rediscovery"),
7:
3024:
3048:
60:as humans colonised the islands of
753:The Institute for Bird Populations
738:Hawaiian honeycreeper conservation
233:lost many anti-predator behaviours
25:
3208:Conservation biology of parasites
1926:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
1302:Sweet, Cassandra (12 June 2015).
578:Reintroduction and translocations
514:in the U.S. reached 100 GW (
493:threatened by high rise buildings
223:Historically the threat posed by
128:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4582:
4391:Vulnerability and susceptibility
4279:Decline in amphibian populations
4161:
4160:
3911:
3910:
3324:Tropical rainforest conservation
3228:Vulnerability and susceptibility
3047:
3035:
3023:
3012:
3011:
2902:(New World vultures and condors)
935:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01196.x
3873:NatureServe conservation status
3158:Conservation-induced extinction
1438:Pakistan Avicultural Foundation
1228:. Fatal Light Awareness Program
861:The Kingfisher Story Collection
791:, University of Chicago Press.
656:loss and destruction of habitat
587:from 30 birds to over 500. The
395:has been hooked on a long-line.
4734:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck
4067:Conservation Dependent (LR/cd)
3264:Conservation management system
3148:Conservation-dependent species
3108:Index of conservation articles
642:in their remaining habitat on
1:
5010:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
4371:Ecoregion conservation status
4274:Decline in insect populations
3490:Assisted natural regeneration
3294:Ecoregion conservation status
997:. Lincoln NE: IUniverse.com.
45:is a field in the science of
4366:Conservation-reliant species
3878:Special Area of Conservation
3416:Landscape-scale conservation
3411:High conservation value area
3289:Community-based conservation
1207:(l): 120–128. Archived from
1201:Journal of Field Ornithology
963:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
320:that led to extinction. The
132:Upper Paleolithic Revolution
4746:Jonathan Livingston Seagull
4698:The Conference of the Birds
3896:List of conservation issues
3304:Evidence-based conservation
3198:Mutualisms and conservation
2966:(woodpeckers and relatives)
688:who claimed it would cause
465:. Neonicotinoids include a
363:, starting a slow decline.
38:was caused by habitat loss.
5075:
5028:Human–dinosaur coexistence
4727:A History of British Birds
4533:In mythology and religion
4023:Critically Endangered (CR)
3346:Roadless area conservation
3138:Compassionate conservation
2828:(cormorants and relatives)
1921:Extinct species since 1500
1160:10.1016/j.agee.2017.11.028
859:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2022).
723:Bird-skyscraper collisions
376:
5033:Category:Birds and humans
4960:Henry Constantine Richter
4580:
4399:
3964:
3891:
3103:
3007:
2958:(kingfishers and rollers)
2812:(albatrosses and petrels)
2696:(swifts and hummingbirds)
2678:(nightjars and relatives)
2528:
2502:(pheasants and relatives)
2060:
2029:
1968:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1485:
993:Eckert, Allan W. (1965).
526:– the majority utilizing
276:. Many species currently
4645:Bird-and-flower painting
4331:Biodiversity action plan
4005:Extinct in the Wild (EW)
3733:Central African Republic
3381:Conservation designation
3299:Environmental protection
3284:Conspicuous conservation
3274:Conservation photography
3249:Conservation development
3244:Conservation agriculture
2857:(seriemas and relatives)
2836:(pelicans and relatives)
728:Climate change and birds
536:concentrated solar power
383:Climate change and birds
300:Hunting and exploitation
3472:Human–wildlife conflict
3356:Site-based conservation
3279:Conservation psychology
3097:Conservation of species
2950:(hornbills and hoopoes)
2865:(falcons and relatives)
1433:Maharashtra Pakshimitra
1415:The Worlds Rarest Birds
1309:The Wall Street Journal
1174:Biological Conservation
1105:Biological Conservation
1042:10.1073/pnas.1502108112
542:Conservation techniques
411:are also vulnerable to
186:ivory-billed woodpecker
5000:BirdLife International
4940:John Gerrard Keulemans
4892:of the Tower of London
4753:In theatre and ballet
4562:Driven grouse shooting
4381:Latent extinction risk
3529:Species reintroduction
3188:Latent extinction risk
2934:(trogons and quetzals)
2746:(cranes and relatives)
2016:(emus and cassowaries)
1906:Glossary of bird terms
1718:Confuciusornithiformes
718:BirdLife International
713:Bird Protection Quebec
626:
620:Green Lakes State Park
616:Bird conservation area
396:
393:black-browed albatross
220:
117:restoring bird habitat
39:
34:The extinction of the
18:Bird conservation area
4266:Endangered arthropods
4262:Threatened arthropods
4184:Critically Endangered
4126:Critically Endangered
3901:List of organisations
3555:Hawaiian honeycreeper
3495:Ecosystem restoration
3467:Habitat fragmentation
3462:Fortress conservation
3421:Marine protected area
3391:Conservation easement
3386:Conservation district
3351:Roadside conservation
3269:Conservation movement
3213:Species translocation
3153:Conservation genetics
3143:Conservation behavior
2775:(kagu and sunbittern)
2738:(gulls and relatives)
1743:Songlingornithiformes
1708:Omnivoropterygiformes
1351:Leucopsar rothschildi
768:SOS/BirdLife Slovakia
748:Migratory Bird Treaty
692:and reduced profits.
614:
585:Hawaiian geese (nene)
505:liquefied natural gas
484:. As many as 100,000
390:
377:Further information:
207:
194:dusky seaside sparrow
136:List of extinct birds
123:for reintroductions.
82:structural collisions
36:dusky seaside sparrow
33:
4918:The Birds of America
4704:Ode to a Nightingale
4341:Conservation biology
4336:Biodiversity threats
4049:Near Threatened (NT)
3863:Planetary boundaries
3853:Conservation officer
3457:Conservation refugee
3406:Habitat conservation
3396:Conservation reserve
3361:Wetland conservation
3259:Conservation grazing
3254:Conservation finance
3218:Conservation welfare
3183:In-situ conservation
3178:Extinction threshold
3173:Ex-situ conservation
2597:Phoenicopteriformes
984:(5461): 2250 – 2254.
787:Steadman D, (2006).
640:introduced predators
415:, which destroy the
74:Worldwatch Institute
47:conservation biology
4955:Roger Tory Peterson
4376:Habitat destruction
4361:Conservation status
4179:Extinct in the Wild
4121:Extinct in the Wild
4084:Data Deficient (DD)
3203:Nature conservation
3193:Marine conservation
3163:Conservation status
2568:Mesitornithiformes
2562:(doves and pigeons)
1896:Families and orders
1758:Ichthyornithiformes
1733:Patagopterygiformes
1340:(Suppl.1): 173–180.
1274:. Green Tech Media.
1033:2015PNAS..11211899W
758:Raptor conservation
501:natural gas flaring
482:long-line fisheries
357:American black duck
182:tropical rainforest
178:Island biogeography
121:captive populations
119:, and establishing
4970:Archibald Thorburn
4913:John James Audubon
4089:Not Evaluated (NE)
4077:Not fully assessed
4054:Least Concern (LC)
3958:Threatened species
3500:Island restoration
3431:Open space reserve
3223:Threatened species
2910:(eagles and hawks)
2810:Procellariiformes
2715:Opisthocomiformes
2684:Steatornithiformes
1911:List by population
1748:Hongshanornithidae
1673:Evolution of birds
1420:2021-08-22 at the
1129:(4578): 1232–1235.
650:Habitat protection
627:
397:
225:introduced species
221:
211:introduced to the
200:Introduced species
40:
5059:Bird conservation
5046:
5045:
4981:Conservationists
4950:Richard Lewington
4740:The Ugly Duckling
4557:Cormorant fishing
4484:Bird conservation
4410:
4409:
4356:Bird conservation
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4097:
4096:
3924:
3923:
3883:Soil conservation
3436:Wildlife corridor
3319:Forest protection
3314:Forest management
3063:
3062:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2796:(loons or divers)
2765:Phaethontiformes
2757:Phaethontimorphae
2707:Opisthocomiformes
2676:Caprimulgiformes
2616:
2615:
2605:Podicipediformes
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2242:
2241:
2025:
2024:
1982:Struthioniformes
1850:Waterfowl hunting
1783:Gastornithiformes
1778:Aepyornithiformes
1768:Lithornithiformes
1027:(38): 11899–904.
908:Gill, F. (1995).
797:978-0-226-77142-7
733:Fundación ProAves
686:logging companies
682:old growth forest
624:Manlius, New York
601:Gallus g. bankiva
589:Mauritius kestrel
572:Mauritius kestrel
568:California condor
431:seabirds such as
274:Laysan millerbird
190:Bachman's warbler
86:long-line fishing
43:Bird conservation
16:(Redirected from
5066:
4586:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4414:
4164:
4163:
4106:
3990:
3983:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3914:
3913:
3798:Papua New Guinea
3690:Cryopreservation
3655:Gray nurse shark
3309:Flagship species
3133:Captive breeding
3090:
3083:
3076:
3067:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3014:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2940:Leptosomiformes
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2908:Accipitriformes
2903:
2882:
2881:(perching birds)
2874:
2866:
2858:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2802:Sphenisciformes
2797:
2776:
2768:
2747:
2739:
2736:Charadriiformes
2718:
2697:
2679:
2658:
2650:
2647:Musophagiformes
2642:
2627:
2608:
2600:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2503:
2490:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2170:
2163:
2127:
2114:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2062:
2058:
2031:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1951:
1818:Bird collections
1773:Dinornithiformes
1678:Darwin's finches
1668:Origin of flight
1608:Seabird breeding
1598:Sexual selection
1467:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1427:Birding Weekends
1402:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1367:
1361:
1347:
1341:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1226:"Top 13 Killers"
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1190:Klem Jr., Daniel
1186:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1114:
1101:
1095:
1094:(1087): 413–427.
1085:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1012:
1006:
991:
985:
975:
969:
959:
953:
943:
937:
927:
921:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
887:. Archived from
881:
875:
874:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
837:. Archived from
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
806:
800:
785:
555:Captive breeding
550:Captive breeding
367:Gamebird hybrids
322:passenger pigeon
213:Aleutian Islands
142:Threats to birds
21:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5016:
4898:
4860:
4630:
4587:
4578:
4450:
4441:
4411:
4406:
4395:
4317:
4239:
4213:
4199:Near Threatened
4155:
4141:Near Threatened
4093:
4072:
4060:Lower Risk (LR)
4037:
4033:Vulnerable (VU)
4028:Endangered (EN)
4009:
3969:
3960:
3955:
3925:
3920:
3887:
3841:
3696:
3614:Indian elephant
3533:
3476:
3445:
3441:30 by 30 target
3372:
3365:
3341:Riparian buffer
3232:
3119:
3112:
3099:
3094:
3064:
3059:
2971:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2948:Bucerotiformes
2942:(cuckoo-roller)
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2900:Cathartiformes
2886:
2880:
2872:
2871:Psittaciformes
2864:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:Pelecaniformes
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2773:Eurypygiformes
2766:
2751:
2745:
2737:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2695:
2677:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2612:
2606:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2576:Pterocliformes
2569:
2561:
2512:
2501:
2488:
2473:
2397:
2356:
2294:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2218:
2191:
2168:
2161:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2014:Casuariiformes
2007:
2006:Apterygiformes
1999:
1991:
1983:
1960:
1945:
1916:Lists by region
1884:
1794:
1787:
1728:Chaoyangiformes
1713:Jeholornithidae
1687:
1651:Origin of birds
1637:
1618:Brood parasites
1564:
1494:
1481:
1471:
1422:Wayback Machine
1411:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1331:Falco punctatus
1328:
1321:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1167:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1065:
1014:
1013:
1009:
992:
988:
976:
972:
960:
956:
944:
940:
928:
924:
907:
903:
894:
892:
883:
882:
878:
871:
858:
857:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
786:
782:
777:
772:
698:
652:
605:cheer pheasants
580:
552:
544:
491:Birds are also
425:Light pollution
385:
375:
350:
302:
219:has been taken.
202:
180:). The loss of
149:
144:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5072:
5070:
5062:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:Organisations
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Animated films
4801:
4794:
4787:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4737:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Gallic rooster
4674:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4650:Feather tights
4647:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4522:Model organism
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4451:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4281:
4276:
4258:
4256:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4209:Data Deficient
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4151:Data Deficient
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3908:
3906:List of people
3903:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3818:United Kingdom
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:Painted turtle
3662:
3657:
3652:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3584:
3582:American bison
3576:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3033:
3021:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2956:Coraciiformes
2953:
2945:
2937:
2932:Trogoniformes
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:Passeriformes
2876:
2868:
2863:Falconiformes
2860:
2855:Cariamiformes
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2818:Ciconiiformes
2815:
2807:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2732:
2730:
2728:Cursorimorphae
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2589:Mirandornithes
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2560:Columbiformes
2556:
2554:
2552:Columbimorphae
2545:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2487:Meleagridinae
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2403:Odontophoridae
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:Stictonettinae
2179:
2177:Dendrocygninae
2174:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2130:
2128:
2111:
2098:
2055:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1930:Notable birds
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1880:Egg collecting
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:Hesperornithes
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1738:Ambiortiformes
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:Enantiornithes
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1410:
1409:External links
1407:
1404:
1403:
1387:
1380:
1362:
1342:
1319:
1294:
1277:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1217:
1214:on 2014-07-14.
1181:
1165:
1131:
1115:
1096:
1080:
1007:
986:
970:
954:
938:
922:
901:
876:
870:979-8353946595
869:
851:
826:
801:
779:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
699:
697:
694:
667:, and passing
665:protected area
651:
648:
644:Stewart Island
579:
576:
551:
548:
543:
540:
471:bioaccumulates
463:neonicotinoids
374:
371:
349:
346:
301:
298:
201:
198:
148:
145:
143:
140:
105:climate change
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5071:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5039:
5038:Zoomusicology
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:Thomas Bewick
4923:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:Illustrators
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4854:Chicken dance
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:Feather cloak
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4809:Chicken films
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4567:Plume hunting
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Pigeon racing
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272: /
4271:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Least Concern
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4166:WP categories
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:Least Concern
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3917:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:IUCN Red List
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:De-extinction
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:United States
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3510:afforestation
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:Reforestation
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:Strigiformes
2914:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2767:(tropicbirds)
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2689:Podargiformes
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:Cuculiformes
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:Macrocephalon
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2224:Anseranatidae
2221:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:Tinamiformes
1996:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1974:Palaeognathae
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Pigeon racing
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:Archaeopteryx
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1401:(4): 766–772.
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1381:2-8317-0299-2
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1360:(3): 188–197.
1359:
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1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:population."
1332:
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1003:0-595-08963-1
1000:
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974:
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951:
948:
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939:
936:
932:
926:
923:
919:
918:0-7167-2415-4
915:
911:
905:
902:
891:on 2006-10-04
890:
886:
880:
877:
872:
866:
862:
855:
852:
841:on 2006-06-30
840:
836:
830:
827:
816:on 2006-07-17
815:
811:
805:
802:
798:
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790:
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719:
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709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:North America
675:
670:
666:
662:
661:national park
657:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:
602:
597:
595:
594:Bali starling
590:
586:
577:
575:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
549:
547:
541:
539:
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534:
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444:birds of prey
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:plastic waste
402:
394:
389:
384:
380:
373:Other threats
372:
370:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
353:Hybridisation
348:Hybridisation
347:
345:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
294:Hawaiian duck
291:
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158:
157:fragmentation
154:
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110:
106:
102:
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83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:Pacific Ocean
55:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
4985:Niels Krabbe
4935:Lars Jonsson
4916:
4872:Golden eagle
4814:Horror films
4798:The Big Year
4796:
4789:
4782:
4772:The Firebird
4770:
4763:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4725:
4713:
4709:To a Skylark
4696:
4497:Cockfighting
4483:
4467:Birdwatching
4402:
4386:Rare species
4355:
4323:Conservation
4301: /
4297: /
4293: /
4289: /
4285:
4268: /
4264: /
4235:Appendix III
4065:
4058:
4000:Extinct (EX)
3631:Bengal Tiger
3587:Arabian oryx
3578:Land mammal
3565:Golden eagle
3549:
3401:Gap analysis
3128:Biodiversity
3118:Conservation
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
2926:(mousebirds)
2924:Coliiformes
2794:Gaviiformes
2786:Aequornithes
2694:Apodiformes
2655:Otidiformes
2631:Otidimorphae
2578:(sandgrouse)
2500:Phasianinae
2466:
2459:
2452:
2447:Odontophorus
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2285:Oreophasinae
2231:
2211:
2204:
2109:(waterfowls)
2105:Anseriformes
1855:Cockfighting
1840:Conservation
1839:
1835:Bird feeding
1823:Birdwatching
1813:Ornithomancy
1753:Gansuiformes
1700:
1693:Fossil birds
1583:Intelligence
1398:
1395:
1390:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1280:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1230:. Retrieved
1220:
1209:the original
1204:
1200:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1151:
1147:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1069:cite journal
1024:
1020:
1010:
994:
989:
981:
978:
973:
968:(2):197–204.
965:
962:
957:
952:: 1663–1668.
949:
946:
941:
925:
909:
904:
893:. Retrieved
889:the original
879:
860:
854:
843:. Retrieved
839:the original
829:
818:. Retrieved
814:the original
804:
788:
783:
653:
628:
600:
598:
581:
558:
553:
545:
528:photovoltaic
509:
490:
475:
460:seed-coating
456:insecticides
448:insectivores
398:
365:
351:
334:
303:
290:Mariana crow
266:Lyall's wren
222:
217:least auklet
209:Arctic foxes
173:
150:
147:Habitat loss
125:
78:habitat loss
42:
41:
4990:Peter Scott
4975:Joseph Wolf
4965:Joseph Smit
4945:Edward Lear
4882:Pigeon/Dove
4849:Cendrawasih
4834:Feather boa
4825:In fashion
4657:In heraldry
4635:In the arts
4572:Wildfowling
4553:In hunting
4542:Sacred ibis
4527:Ornithology
4518:In science
4512:Vinkensport
4284:Threatened
4230:Appendix II
3803:South Sudan
3788:New Zealand
3482:Restoration
3054:WikiProject
2964:Piciformes
2847:Australaves
2826:Suliformes
2744:Gruiformes
2599:(flamingos)
2508:Tetraoninae
2479:Phasianidae
2468:Rhynchortyx
2433:Dactylortyx
2300:Megapodidae
2290:Penelopinae
2248:Galliformes
1990:Rheiformes
1984:(ostriches)
1934:individuals
1808:Ornithology
1795:interaction
1550:Preen gland
1315:Fahrenheit.
1154:: 244–254.
910:Ornithology
674:spotted owl
669:legislation
636:New Zealand
524:solar farms
486:albatrosses
421:hypothermia
314:New Zealand
286:black robin
153:destruction
49:related to
4930:John Gould
4693:In poetry
4667:Crow/Raven
4547:Sky burial
4462:Aviculture
4455:Activities
4225:Appendix I
4194:Vulnerable
4189:Endangered
4136:Vulnerable
4131:Endangered
4042:Lower risk
4015:Threatened
3986:Categories
3738:Costa Rica
3701:By country
3621:Slow loris
3597:Polar bear
3450:Key issues
3237:Approaches
2804:(penguins)
2657:(bustards)
2495:Perdicinae
2440:Dendrortyx
2412:Callipepla
2344:Megapodius
2309:Aepypodius
2187:Tadorninae
2169:true geese
2000:(tinamous)
1959:Neornithes
1870:Pheasantry
1845:Aviculture
1613:Incubation
1603:Lek mating
1232:2009-05-06
1179:: 255–268.
895:2006-07-21
845:2006-07-21
820:2006-07-21
775:References
690:job losses
512:wind power
467:neurotoxin
413:oil spills
337:harvesting
330:great auks
292:, and the
278:threatened
249:herbivores
241:feral cats
163:and other
113:preserving
97:oil spills
70:Micronesia
51:threatened
4845:In dance
4784:The Birds
4765:Swan Lake
4758:The Birds
4722:In prose
4662:Avalerion
4493:In sport
4489:Fletching
4472:Bird hide
4444:Human use
4303:Chromista
3778:Mauritius
3758:Indonesia
3743:Hong Kong
3713:Australia
3685:Seed bank
3675:Sea otter
3545:Arthropod
3517:Rewilding
3371:Protected
2873:(parrots)
2717:(hoatzin)
2668:Strisores
2649:(turacos)
2641:(cuckoos)
2570:(mesites)
2489:(turkeys)
2461:Philortyx
2378:Agelastes
2371:Acryllium
2362:Numididae
2351:Talegalla
2261:gamebirds
2254:landfowls
2233:Anseranas
2197:Anhimidae
2156:Anserinae
1939:fictional
1661:dinosaurs
1656:Theropoda
1643:Evolution
1588:Migration
1570:Behaviour
1110:: 93–102
863:. AISDL.
663:or other
497:towerkill
437:pesticide
429:nocturnal
401:Pollution
379:Bird kill
109:charities
101:pesticide
66:Polynesia
62:Melanesia
5053:Category
4829:Aigrette
4821:In music
4779:In film
4593:Products
4502:Falconry
4477:Big year
3978:Red List
3916:Category
3823:Scotland
3793:Pakistan
3773:Malaysia
3609:Elephant
3538:By taxon
3168:Endemism
3018:Category
2892:Afroaves
2820:(storks)
2622:Passerea
2607:(grebes)
2543:Columbea
2454:Oreortyx
2426:Cyrtonyx
2316:Alectura
2280:Cracinae
2272:Cracidae
2149:Oxyurini
2139:Aythyini
2134:Anatinae
2118:Anatidae
1865:Falconry
1828:big year
1683:Seabirds
1593:Foraging
1540:Feathers
1418:Archived
1192:(1990).
1061:26324886
696:See also
520:megawatt
516:gigawatt
452:swallows
409:Seabirds
326:feathers
272:and the
270:poʻo-uli
192:and the
165:wetlands
103:use and
93:pet cats
5021:Related
4877:Penguin
4865:Species
4682:Martlet
4641:In art
4626:Poultry
4616:Feather
4601:Chicken
4403:italics
4286:Banksia
4270:spiders
4174:Extinct
4116:Extinct
4102:Species
3993:Extinct
3846:Related
3835:forests
3783:Namibia
3763:Ireland
3748:Iceland
3660:Manatee
3650:Dolphin
3604:Cheetah
3120:biology
3030:Commons
2534:Neoaves
2419:Colinus
2385:Guttera
2323:Eulipoa
2144:Mergini
2008:(kiwis)
1992:(rheas)
1803:Ringing
1628:Hybrids
1623:Nesting
1578:Singing
1555:Plumage
1530:Dactyly
1500:Anatomy
1490:Outline
1480:: Aves)
1396:Ecology
1124:Science
1052:4586823
1029:Bibcode
979:Science
703:Avicide
654:As the
559:ex-situ
533:Ivanpah
478:bycatch
435:. The
433:petrels
417:plumage
361:mallard
341:parrots
318:hunting
253:malaria
229:evolved
174:islands
169:logging
89:bycatch
4903:People
4537:Augury
4351:ARKive
4295:sharks
3813:Uganda
3808:Sweden
3728:Canada
3723:Brazil
3718:Belize
3708:Angola
3681:Plant
3670:Salmon
3645:Marine
3560:Raptor
3522:marine
3426:Marxan
3042:Portal
2918:(owls)
2392:Numida
2330:Leipoa
2213:Chauna
2206:Anhima
1901:Genera
1875:Imping
1793:Human
1633:Colony
1560:Vision
1545:Flight
1378:
1059:
1049:
1001:
916:
867:
795:
632:kākāpō
282:kokako
259:. The
257:Hawaii
243:, and
167:, and
161:swamps
4887:Raven
4687:Turul
4672:Eagle
4621:Guano
4448:birds
4346:CITES
4299:Fungi
4218:CITES
4109:Lists
3768:Italy
3753:India
3626:Tiger
3574:Fungi
3373:areas
2162:swans
2124:ducks
2094:fowls
1889:Lists
1513:Brain
1478:class
1474:Birds
1289:(PDF)
1212:(PDF)
1197:(PDF)
557:, or
469:that
450:like
391:This
306:naive
54:birds
4715:Crow
4606:Down
4291:rays
4254:taxa
3975:IUCN
3638:Wolf
3592:Bear
3550:Bird
1535:Eggs
1523:milk
1518:Crop
1508:Beak
1376:ISBN
1355:Oryx
1335:Ibis
1075:link
1057:PMID
999:ISBN
914:ISBN
865:ISBN
793:ISBN
563:zoos
381:and
335:The
261:dodo
245:pigs
237:rats
155:and
126:See
115:and
99:and
68:and
4791:Kes
4611:Egg
4446:of
4252:By
1353:."
1338:137
1156:doi
1152:254
1127:218
1108:105
1092:297
1047:PMC
1037:doi
1025:112
982:287
950:272
931:doi
676:of
634:of
440:DDT
339:of
312:of
310:moa
5055::
1399:68
1358:34
1322:^
1312:.
1306:.
1205:61
1203:.
1199:.
1177:55
1150:.
1146:.
1134:^
1071:}}
1067:{{
1055:.
1045:.
1035:.
1023:.
1019:.
966:36
622:,
618:,
423:.
296:.
288:,
284:,
268:,
239:,
196:.
138:.
95:,
84:,
64:,
4921:)
4915:(
4436:e
4429:t
4422:v
4405:.
3950:e
3943:t
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3089:e
3082:t
3075:v
2263:)
2256:-
2252:(
2126:)
2122:(
2096:)
2092:(
2088:e
2086:a
2084:r
2082:e
2080:s
2078:n
2076:a
2074:o
2072:l
2070:l
2068:a
2066:G
2053:e
2051:a
2049:h
2047:t
2045:a
2043:n
2041:g
2039:o
2037:e
2035:N
1476:(
1466:e
1459:t
1452:v
1384:.
1235:.
1162:.
1158::
1113:.
1077:)
1063:.
1039::
1031::
1005:.
933::
920:.
898:.
873:.
848:.
823:.
799:.
20:)
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