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granaries were replaced by two successive large timber halls, reminiscent of others found in many parts of
Britain dating to the fifth and sixth centuries. Tony Wilmott (co-director of the excavations) has suggested that, after the end of Roman rule in Britain, the fort served as the power-base for a local warband descended from the late Roman garrison, possibly deriving legitimacy from their ancestors for several generations.
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406:. The westward movement of the river course over the centuries has left the east abutment of the bridge high and dry, while the west abutment has probably been destroyed by erosion. Nevertheless, the much-modified visible remains are highly impressive. Until 1996, these remains were not directly accessible from the fort, but they can now be reached by a metal footbridge over the Irthing.
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was replaced, probably in the 130s, by a stone wall approximately 50 metres further north, to line up with the fort's north wall, instead of at its east and west gates. The reasons for this change are unclear, although it has been plausibly suggested that it was the result of changing signalling
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As of 2005, it is the only site on
Hadrian's Wall at which significant occupation in the post-Roman period has been proven. Excavations between 1987 and 1992 showed an unbroken sequence of occupation on the site of the fort granaries, running from the late Roman period until possibly 500AD. The
441:
Extensive geophysical surveys, both magnetometry and earth resistance survey, were conducted by TimeScape
Surveys (Alan Biggins & David Taylor, 1999 & 2004) between 1997 -2001. These surveys established that the sub-surface remains in the fort were well preserved.
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Geophysical surveys detected vici (civilian settlements) of different characters on the eastern, western and northern sides of the fort. A bathhouse was also located in the valley of the River
Irthing.
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1816:
488:, the site's history through the ages, and archaeological discoveries in the 19th and 20th centuries. Visitors can walk outside along the excavated remains of the fort.
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The two-mile sector of
Hadrian's Wall either side of Birdoswald is also of major interest. It is currently the only known sector of Hadrian's Wall in which the original
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Approximately 600 metres east of
Birdoswald, at the foot of an escarpment, lie the remains of Willowford bridge which carried Hadrian's Wall across the River
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suggested it was a response to a cliff collapse into the river. At any rate, this remains the only area in which both walls can be directly compared.
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The fort has been extensively excavated for over a century, with twentieth century excavations starting in 1911 by F.G. Simpson and continuing with
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227:) in Roman times, reflecting the geography of the site on a triangular spur of land bounded by cliffs to the south and east commanding a broad
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and is one of the best preserved of the 16 forts along the wall. It is also attached to the longest surviving stretch of
Hadrian's Wall.
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In 2021 Newcastle
University, Historic England, and English Heritage launched a major new archaeological excavation at the site.
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as
Birdoswald Roman Fort. The visitor centre features displays and reconstructions of the fort, exhibits about life in
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Biggins, J. A, and Taylor, D. J. A., 2004, Geophysical Survey of the Vicus at
Birdoswald Roman Fort, Cumbria,
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Biggins, J. A. and Taylor, D. J. A., 1999, A Survey of the Roman Fort and Settlement at Birdoswald, Cumbria.
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The archaeological remnants of the east gate (left) and south gate (right) of the Roman Fort enclosure.
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were responsible for the management of Birdoswald fort from 1984 until the end of 2004, when
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Website showing Birdoswald objects at Tullie House Museum and the forts position on the wall
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from 1927 to 1933 . The gateways and walls were then re-excavated under the supervision of
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starting from 122 AD. The stone fort was built some time after the wall, in the usual
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Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society
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Inside were built the usual stone buildings, a central headquarters building (
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Hogan, C.Michael (2007) Hadrian's Wall, ed. A. Burnham, The Megalithic Portal
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in January 2000. The excavation detected signs of an extramural settlement (
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Woolliscroft D.J., "Hadrian's Wall from the air", Tempus, ISBN 0-7524-1946-3
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349:. Unusually for an auxiliary fort, it also included an exercise building (
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shape, with gates to the east, west and south. It was 7.5 miles east from
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The fort at Birdoswald was linked by a Roman road to the outpost fort of
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Woolliscroft D.J.(2001), "Hadrian's Wall from the air", Tempus,
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This western part of Hadrian's Wall was originally built using
643:"Last chance to see Birdoswald Hadrian's Wall Roman bathhouse"
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An area between the fort and the escarpment was excavated by
2148:
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716:"Partnership aims to transform research on Hadrian's Wall"
669:"Research on Birdoswald Roman Fort | English Heritage"
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BANNA (Birdoswald) Hadrian's Wall as it exists today
618:"BBC Two - Digging for Britain, Series 9, Episode 6"
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537:. London: B. T. Batsford. pp. 261–262.
824:Visitor information : English Heritage
27:Roman archelogical site in Cumbria, England
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753:Wilmott, Tony; English Heritage (2005),
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2498:110s establishments in the Roman Empire
842:Visit Cumbria information on Birdoswald
779:, ed. A. Burnham, The Megalithic Portal
566:"Birdoswald Roman Trail Hadrian's Wall"
497:
449:'s archaeological television programme
290:(Castlesteads) fort and 6.5 miles from
531:Rivet, A. L. F.; Smith, Colin (1979).
1916:, Willowford Wall Turrets and Bridge)
1144:Cumbrian Coast Forts (North to South)
480:Today the fort's site is operated by
305:from approximately AD 126 to AD 400.
7:
2004:Dating from the 17th century onwards
1725:Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)
242:It lies towards the western end of
2528:Former populated places in Cumbria
1713:Other structures on Hadrian's Wall
856:Review of English Heritage booklet
695:"Recent excavations at Birdoswald"
438:and J P Gillam from 1949 to 1950.
25:
2513:English Heritage sites in Cumbria
2359:Caerleon Roman Fortress and Baths
476:A granary wall at Birdoswald Fort
398:Hadrian's Wall west of Birdoswald
1902:Harrows Scar Milecastle and Wall
534:The Place-Names of Roman Britain
373:
364:
60:
53:
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2543:Tourist attractions in Cumbria
1906:King's Stables (Milecastle 48)
1888:(including Banks East Turret,
1:
2057:Roman visitor sites in the UK
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92:
2379:National Roman Legion Museum
1926:Ravenglass Roman Bath House
1762:Regular and linear features
598:Spaul, John COHORS 2 (2000)
468:Birdoswald Roman Fort today
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2430:Chester Roman Amphitheatre
2394:Trimontium Trust (Melrose)
2354:Carvoran Roman Army Museum
2242:Carvoran Roman Army Museum
869:at www.Roman-Britain.co.uk
271:
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1995:Wetheral Priory Gatehouse
1856:King Arthur's Round Table
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915:Wall Forts (East to West)
297:The fort was occupied by
48:
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2364:Colchester Castle Museum
775:Hogan, C.Michael (2007)
256:assumed responsibility.
115:Place in the Roman world
2523:Forts of Hadrian's Wall
2349:Canterbury Roman Museum
2247:Over Burrow (Lancaster)
1912:and Piper Sike Turret,
1851:Castlerigg Stone Circle
263:Plan of Birdoswald Fort
2518:Roman sites in Cumbria
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2016:Stott Park Bobbin Mill
1914:Pike Hill Signal Tower
1753:Pike Hill Signal Tower
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784:Wilmott, Tony (2001),
693:Gillam, J. P. (1950).
477:
426:History of excavations
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351:basilica exercitatoria
299:Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
274:Cohors I Aelia Dacorum
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250:Cumbria County Council
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2503:History of Cumberland
2435:Jewry Wall, Leicester
2389:Senhouse Roman Museum
2298:Aldborough Roman Site
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1890:Birdoswald Roman Fort
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755:Birdoswald Roman fort
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313:requirements, whilst
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197:Birdoswald Roman Fort
84:Birdoswald Roman Fort
18:Birdoswald Roman Fort
2425:Caerleon Roman Baths
2420:Benwell Roman temple
2222:Hardknott Roman Fort
2167:Ambleside Roman Fort
2160:Forts & military
1921:Hardknott Roman Fort
1880:Ambleside Roman Fort
209:Banna on 1964 OS map
2470: /
2090:Dover Painted House
1894:Brougham Roman fort
1779:Hadrian's Wall Path
1099:Brampton Old Church
1095:Castle Hill Boothby
1042:Castra Exploratorum
301:and by other Roman
156: /
2533:Museums in Cumbria
2508:History of Cumbria
2474:54.9894°N 2.6023°W
2440:Welwyn Roman Baths
2257:Portchester Castle
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906:and structures of
510:Birdoswald Project
506:"Research History"
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294:(Great Chesters).
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160:54.9894°N 2.6023°W
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2399:Verulamium Museum
2374:Jewry Wall Museum
2177:Banks East Turret
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1792:
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1749:Willowford Bridge
1740:Knag Burn Gateway
846:aerial photograph
795:978-0-7524-1913-8
768:978-1-85074-956-1
315:Stewart Ainsworth
223:("peak, horn" in
214:Birdoswald Roman
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16:(Redirected from
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1935:Dating from the
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1955:Brougham Castle
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1025:Outpost Forts
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807:0-7524-1946-3
804:
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764:
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742:. 30. 91–110.
741:
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512:. 3 June 2021
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486:Roman Britain
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390:Other remains
389:
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234:
233:River Irthing
230:
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219:was known as
218:
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186:
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141:
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135:
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127:
124:
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118:
113:
109: 500 AD
104:
100:
96: 112 AD
91:
87:
83:
81:Known also as
79:
72:
56:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2455:
2212:Dover Castle
2192:Burgh Castle
2186:
2110:Lullingstone
1965:Clifton Hall
1898:Castle Folds
1889:
1870:Dating from
1837:Dating from
1774:Military Way
1592:Milefortlets
1158:Burrow Walls
1113:Supply Forts
1047:Blatobulgium
1037:Fanum Cocidi
971:
851:Youth Hostel
844:, including
829:
785:
776:
754:
749:35, 159–178.
746:
739:
723:. Retrieved
720:Press Office
719:
710:
701:
688:
678:14 September
676:. Retrieved
672:
663:
651:. Retrieved
646:
637:
625:. Retrieved
621:
612:
603:
594:
585:
573:. Retrieved
569:
560:
548:. Retrieved
533:
526:
514:. Retrieved
509:
500:
479:
463:
456:
450:
444:
440:
432:Ian Richmond
429:
417:
410:
408:
401:
355:
350:
342:
334:
332:
323:
318:
307:
296:
284:playing card
277:
248:
241:
220:
213:
212:
69:Location in
29:
2477: /
2408:Other sites
2267:Richborough
2227:Housesteads
2120:North Leigh
1985:Piel Castle
1937:Middle Ages
1170:Milecastles
1161:Gabrosentum
1063:Corstopitum
977:Camboglanna
957:Vercovicium
927:Pons Aelius
725:16 February
653:16 February
627:16 February
575:16 February
516:16 February
303:auxiliaries
288:Camboglanna
163: /
138:Coordinates
2492:Categories
2462:54°59′22″N
2384:Ribchester
2318:Silchester
2308:Colchester
2303:Chichester
2282:Vindolanda
2262:Ribchester
2187:Birdoswald
2182:Binchester
2130:Rockbourne
2125:Piddington
2105:Littlecote
2095:Fishbourne
1990:Shap Abbey
1945:Bow Bridge
1843:Bronze Age
1104:Luguvalium
1073:Vindolanda
1032:Habitancum
982:Uxelodunum
867:Birdoswald
788:, Tempus,
544:0713420774
492:References
272:See also:
148:54°59′22″N
2465:2°36′08″W
2328:St Albans
2313:Corbridge
2272:Segedunum
2232:Lancaster
2207:Derventio
2135:Sparsholt
2080:Chedworth
1839:Neolithic
1828:sites in
1135:Vindomora
1068:Newbrough
992:Coggabata
952:Procolita
937:Vindobala
932:Condercum
922:Segedunum
830:Time Team
747:Britannia
740:Britannia
704:: 63, 64.
550:4 January
452:Time Team
447:Channel 4
420:Bewcastle
339:granaries
335:principia
319:Time Team
310:turf wall
151:2°36′08″W
126:Britannia
102:Abandoned
2333:Wroxeter
2217:Eboracum
2202:Chesters
2197:Caerleon
2140:Wroxeter
1720:Portgate
987:Aballava
947:Cilurnum
647:BBC News
347:barracks
132:Location
121:Province
2342:Museums
2115:Newport
2085:Crofton
2075:Brading
1830:Cumbria
1784:Turrets
861:iRomans
404:Irthing
345:), and
268:History
239:below.
237:Cumbria
231:of the
229:meander
192:Website
187:England
184:Country
179:Cumbria
89:Founded
71:Cumbria
2172:Arbeia
2070:Bignor
2063:Villas
1769:Vallum
1154:Alauna
1125:Arbeia
1120:Alauna
1083:Magnis
967:Magnis
962:Aesica
805:
792:
765:
541:
343:horrea
329:Layout
292:Aesica
225:Celtic
176:County
2291:Towns
1704:MF 25
1699:MF 24
1694:MF 23
1689:MF 22
1684:MF 21
1679:MF 20
1674:MF 19
1669:MF 18
1664:MF 17
1659:MF 16
1654:MF 15
1649:MF 14
1644:MF 13
1639:MF 12
1634:MF 11
1629:MF 10
1150:Bibra
1130:Coria
1087:Throp
972:Banna
942:Onnum
904:Forts
698:(PDF)
458:vicus
412:Vicus
221:Banna
35:Banna
2237:Lunt
1624:MF 9
1619:MF 5
1614:MF 4
1609:MF 3
1604:MF 2
1599:MF 1
1433:50TW
997:Maia
803:ISBN
790:ISBN
763:ISBN
727:2024
680:2018
655:2024
629:2024
577:2024
552:2024
539:ISBN
518:2024
409:The
280:turf
216:Fort
622:BBC
337:),
317:of
235:in
2494::
1908:,
1904:,
1896:,
1892:,
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761:,
757:,
718:.
700:.
671:.
645:.
620:.
568:.
508:.
106:c.
93:c.
2050:e
2043:t
2036:v
1841:/
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1811:t
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1183:1
1178:0
896:e
889:t
882:v
729:.
682:.
657:.
631:.
579:.
554:.
520:.
341:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
