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all waste lands in villages, the ownership of which was vested in the
Government, were constituted into protected forests under the Indian Forest Act VII of 1882. In West Singhbhum as in Lohardaga, the forest settlement operations were launched and measures were taken to determine the rights of the forest-dwelling communities. Villages in forests were marked off in blocks of convenient size consisting of village sites and cultivable wastelands sufficient for the needs of villages. In 1894, Birsa had grown up into a strong young man, shrewd and intelligent, and undertook the work of repairing the Dombari tank at Gerbera damaged by rains.
440:, he found a suitable companion, presented her parents with jewels, and explained his idea of marriage. Later, on his return from jail, he did not find her faithful to him and left her. Another woman who served him at Chalkad was the sister of Mathias Munda. On his release from prison, the daughter of Mathura Munda of Koensar who was kept by Kali Munda, and the wife of Jaga Munda of Jiuri insisted on becoming wives of Birsa. He rebuked them and referred the wife of Jaga Munda to her husband. Another rather well-known woman who stayed with Birsa was Sali of Burundi.
563:
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27:
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on 3 February 1900. According to Deputy commissioner Ranchi, vide letter, 460 tribals were made accused in 15 different criminal cases, out of which 63 were convicted. One was sentenced to death, 39 to transportation for life and 23 to imprisoned for terms up to fourteen years. There were six deaths,
530:
stood at about 600, and they held from a village to 150 villages. But by 1874, the authority of the old Munda or Oraon chiefs had been almost entirely annulled by that of the farmers, introduced by the landlords. In some villages, they had completely lost their proprietary rights and had been reduced
469:
flocked to
Chalkad to see him and to be cured of their ailments. Both the Oraon and Munda population up to Barwari and Chechari became convinced Birsaities. Contemporary and later folk songs commemorate the tremendous impact of Birsa on his people, their joy, and expectations at his advent. The name
432:
He left
Gerbera in the wake of the mounting Sardar agitation. He participated in the agitation stemming from popular disaffection at the restrictions imposed upon the traditional rights of the Mundas in the protected forest, under the leadership of Gideon of Piring in the Porhat area. During 1893–94
405:
Birsa's long stay at
Chaibasa from 1886 to 1890 constituted a formative period of his life. This period was marked by the German and Roman Catholic Christian agitation. In light of the independence struggle, Sugana Munda withdrew his son from school. Soon after leaving Chaibasa in 1890 Birsa and his
365:
custom. The folk songs reflect popular confusion and refer to
Ulihatu or Chalkad as his birthplace. Ulihatu was the birthplace of Sugana Munda, father of Birsa. The claim of Ulihatu rests on Birsa's elder brother Komta Munda living in the village, where his house still exists albeit in a dilapidated
319:
Birsa received his education in Salga under the guidance of his teacher Jaipal Nag. Later, Birsa converted into a
Christian to join the German Mission School but soon dropped out after finding out that Britishers were aiming to convert tribals to Christianity through education. After dropping out of
605:
constables at
Etkedih. On 7 January, they attacked the Khunti police station, killing a constable and razing the houses of local shopkeepers. The local commissioner, A. Fobes, and deputy commissioner, H.C. Streattfield, rushed to Khunti with a force of 150 men to suppress the growing rebellion. The
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Due to a rumor that those who didn't follow Birsa would be massacred, Birsa was arrested on 24 August 1895 and sentenced to two-year imprisonment. On 28 January 1898, after being released from jail he went with his followers to Chutia to collect the record and to re-establish racial links with the
384:
Driven by poverty Birsa was taken to
Ayubhatu, his maternal uncle's village. Komta Munda, his eldest brother, who was ten years of age, went to Kundi Bartoli, entered the service of a Munda, married and lived there for eight years, and then joined his father and younger brother at Chalkad. Birsa
376:
Birsa's early years were spent with his parents at
Chalkad. His early life could not have been very different from that of an average Munda child. Folklore refers to his rolling and playing in sand and dust with his friends, and his growing up strong and handsome in looks; he grazed sheep in the
460:
culture which was mostly negatively affected by
British Christian missionary works. Many tribals under his sect had already converted to Christianity. He opposed and criticised the Church and its practices such as levying of taxes and religious conversions. In 1895, Birsa is said to have seen a
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at a later stage in his life. Birsa rose from the lowest ranks of the peasants, the ryots, who unlike their namesakes elsewhere enjoyed far fewer rights in the Mundari khuntkatti system; while all privileges were monopolized by the members of the founding lineage, the ryots were no better than
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forest of Bohonda. When he grew up, he shared an interest in playing the flute, in which he became an expert. He went around with the tuila, the one-stringed instrument made from the pumpkin, in his hand and the flute strung to his waist. Exciting moments of his childhood were spent on the
618:
including that of Birsa Munda in the prison during trials. Birsa Munda died in jail on 9 June 1900. After his death, the movement faded out. In 1908, the colonial government introduced the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (CNT), which prohibits the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals.
448:
crop-sharers. Birsa's experience as a young boy, driven from place to place in search of employment, gave him insight into the agrarian question and forest matters; he was no passive spectator but an active participant in the movement going on in the neighbourhood.
324:. Members of the Munda community soon started joining the faith which in turn became a challenge for the British activities.The Birsaits openly declared that the real enemies were the British and not Christian Mundas. The cause of the Munda revolt was the 'unfair
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As Birsa was sharp in his studies, Jaipal Nag recommended him to join the German Mission School and Birsa converted to Christianity and was renamed as Birsa David, which later became Birsa Daud. After studying for a few years, he left the German Mission School.
393:. Birsa Munda understood very soon that Christian missionaries were converting tribals to Christianity. Birsa soon started to challenge the Christian missionaries and revolted against the conversion activities along with the Munda and Oraon communities.
328:
practices by colonial and local authorities that demolished the tribal conventional land system'. Birsa Munda is known for challenging the British Christian missionaries and revolting against the conversion activities along with the Munda and
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lived at Ayubhatu for two years. He went to school at Salga, run by one Jaipal Nag. He accompanied his mother's younger sister, Joni, who was fond of him, when she was married, to Khatanga, her new home. He came in contact with a Christian
594:. The Anglican Mission at Murhu and the Roman Catholic Mission at Sarwada were the main targets. The Birsaits openly declared that the real enemies were the British and not Christian Mundas and called for a decisive war against the
1790:
598:. He allegedly urged the killing of Thikadars and Jagirdars and Rajas and Hakims and Christians and promised that the guns and bullets would turn to water. For two years, they attacked places loyal to the British.
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intensified the transformation of the tribal agrarian system into a feudal state. As the tribals with their primitive technology could not generate a surplus, the non-tribal peasantry was invited by the chiefs in
477:
Birsa Munda started to advise tribal people to pursue their original traditional tribal religious system. Impressed by his teachings, he became a saintly figure to the tribal people and they sought his blessings.
1506:
461:
vision of a supreme God. He himself became a preacher and a representative of their traditional tribal religion, and soon, he built up a reputation of a healer, a miracle-worker, and a preacher. The Mundas,
575:. The Christian missionaries wanted to arrest Birsa and his followers, who were threatening their ability to make converts. Birsa went underground for two years but attending a series of secret meetings.
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to settle on and cultivate the land. This led to the alienation of the lands held by the tribals. The new class of Thikadars was of a more rapacious kind and eager to make the most of their possessions.
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To the twin challenges of agrarian breakdown and culture change, Birsa along with the Munda responded through a series of revolts and uprisings under his leadership. In 1895, in Chalkad village of
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He declared himself a prophet who had come to recover the lost kingdom of his people. He said that the reign of Queen Victoria was over and the Munda Raj had begun. He gave orders to the
373:) or crop-sharers (ryots). At Kurumbda, Birsa's elder brother, Komta, and his sister, Daskir, were born. From there the family moved to Bamba where Birsa's elder sister Champa was born.
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500 for Birsa. The troops under the command of Fobes and Streattfield attacked and defeated Munda's guerillas at Dumbari Hill, though Munda himself escaped to the Singhbum hills.
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Birsa's father, mother Karmi Hatu, and younger brother, Pasna Munda, left Ulihatu and proceeded to Kurumbda, near Birbanki, in search of employment as labourers (
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1972:
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1992:
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On Christmas Eve of 1899, Birsa's followers tried to burn down churches in Ranchi and Singhabhum. On 5 January 1900, Birsa's followers killed two
361:– on a Thursday (Some sources claim he was born on 18 July 1872, and not in 1875) and hence named after that day, according to the then prevalent
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family gave up their membership in the German mission, ceased being Christian, and reverted to his original traditional tribal religious system.
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381:(the village wrestling ground). However, one of his ideal contemporaries and who went out with him heard him speak of strange things.
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Birsa Munda birth anniversary: All about the Indian tribal freedom fighter: Article published in india today dated 15-11-2021 |url=|
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490:("Let the kingdom of the queen be ended and our kingdom be established") – is still remembered in areas of
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733:, is set to direct a movie, in Tamil, on the life of Birsa Munda. Well known Tamil director and anti-caste activist
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in the late 19th century; she later wrote an abridged version, Birsa Munda, specifically for young readers.
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645:, at a meeting held on 10 November 2021, voted to observe 15 November, Birsa Munda's birth anniversary, as
2016:
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2021:
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1989:
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The Dust-storm and the Hanging Mist: A Study of Birsa Munda and His Movement in Chhotanagpur, 1874–1901
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He was lodged in Ranchi jail, for trial along with his 482 followers where he died on 9 June 1900.
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independence activist. His birth anniversary is still celebrated by tribal people as far away as
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It is said that around 7000 men and women assembled around Christmas of 1899, to herald the
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Birsa Munda and His Movement (1872–1901): a Study of a Millenarian Movement in Chotanagpur
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Birsa Munda and His Movement, 1874–1901: A Study of a Millenarian Movement in Chotanagpur
84:
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Birsa Munda and His Movement 1874–1901: A Study of a Millenarian Movement in Chotanagpur
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Today, there are several organizations, bodies, and structures named after him, notably
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926:
858:
701:
507:
278:
1783:[Shooting of biopic film based on Bhagwan Birsa Munda has started in Khunti].
2005:
1657:"'The doors close the minute we know the person was Dalit': The Pa Ranjith Interview"
614:
466:
325:
1624:"பழங்குடி இன சுதந்திர போராளி பிர்ஸா முண்டா கதையை திரைப்படமாக்குகிறார் கோபி நயினார்!"
889:
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Rourkela,(World's largest Hockey Stadium), Birsa Munda Vanvasi Chattravas, Kanpur,
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414:
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274:
1626:[Life of indigenous freedom fighter Bursa Munda being made into a movie].
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He is commemorated in the names of the following institutions and organizations:
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572:
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1061:"Birsa Munda birth anniversary: All about the Indian tribal freedom fighter"
716:
670:
491:
426:
358:
286:
208:
181:
1897:
1438:"Jharkhand: In the land of Birsa Munda, tribals to boycott polls on May 6"
911:), was directed by Iqbal Durran, based on his own novel of the same name.
551:
1628:
444:
1781:"खूंटी में शुरू हुई भगवान बिरसा मुंडा पर आधारित बायोपिक फिल्म की शूटिंग"
1960:
This book chronicles the story of the subaltern tribal hero Birsa Munda
1004:
346:
270:
165:
726:, in Ranchi, is inspired by the independence struggle of Birsa Munda.
389:
who visited a few families in the village which had been converted to
1981:
666:
654:
602:
591:
583:
495:
462:
378:
302:
200:
1860:"Capturing Birsa Munda: The Virtuality of a Colonial-era Photograph"
1416:. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
962:"Capturing Birsa Munda: The Virtuality Of A Colonial-Era Photograph"
538:, Birsa Munda renounced Christianity, asked his fellow tribesmen to
1091:[Birsa Munda: represents strength and courage] (in Hindi).
1720:
939:
in 1979, is based on his life and the Munda Rebellion against the
730:
650:
625:
607:
561:
527:
499:
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Birsa Munda's slogan threatening the British Raj –
457:
408:
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is a proposed 150-foot-tall statue of Birsa Munda to be built in
1499:"Centre to observe Birsa Munda birth anniversary on November 15"
737:
will direct a Hindi movie which is based on Birsa Munda's life.
1553:
Homage to Bhawan Birsa Munda on his Birth Anniversary at Ranchi
293:, thereby making him an important figure in the history of the
744:
436:
While on a sojourn in the neighbourhood of village Sankara in
20:
16:
Indian tribal freedom fighter and religious leader (1875–1900)
345:
Birsa Munda was born on 15 November 1875, at the village of
935:(Right to the Forest, 1977), a novel for which she won the
661:
in Karnataka. The official celebration takes place at his
273:
independence activist, and folk hero who belonged to the
555:(tenant farmers) to pay no rents. The Mundas called him
1283:"Villages in Erki (Tamar Ii) Tehsil, Ranchi, Jharkhand"
896:(followers of Birsa) appeared as extras. Another film,
1595:[Birsa Munda will get 150-foot-tall statue].
1260:
Birsa Mumda commemorative postage stamp and biography
1173:"Remembering Birsa Munda On 'Janjatiya Gaurav Divas'"
719:
with stones collected from households in the region.
1207:
Parliament of India: Rajya Sabha – Council of States
566:
Birsa Munda captured and conducted to Ranchi(1890).
1943:Sinha, Tuhin A.; Verma, Ankita (18 February 2022).
234:
224:
216:
189:
151:
125:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
903:In 2008, a Hindi film based on the life of Birsa,
1391:. Vol. 9, no. 6. June 1911. p. 546
1327:. New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt Ltd. pp. 3–10.
1148:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
724:National University of Study and Research in Law
571:temple. He said that the temple belonged to the
1528:Tribals celebrate Birsa Munda birth anniversary
900:, by Rajesh Mittal was released the same year.
456:Birsa is credited for reviving the traditional
269:(15 November 1875 – 9 June 1900) was an Indian
333:communities. His portrait hangs in the Indian
1089:"बिरसा मुंडा : शक्ति और साहस के परिचायक"
606:colonial administration also set a reward of
8:
2052:Indian independence activists from Jharkhand
722:Ulgulan, the annual college festival of the
1130:. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023
779:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
320:school, Birsa Munda created a faith called
1593:"बिरसा मुंडा 150 फीट ऊंची प्रतिमा लगाएंगे"
488:Abua raj ete jana, maharani raj tundu jana
133:
122:
1721:"Birsa Munda – The black Iron Man (2004)"
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1059:India Today Web Desk (15 November 2021).
799:Learn how and when to remove this message
277:tribe. He spearheaded a tribal religious
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2072:Indian people who died in prison custody
2027:Indian independence activists from Bihar
1847:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
1383:"The Curious History of a Munda Fanatic"
1255:
1253:
892:played Birsa Munda in the film, and 500
870:Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
686:Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium
297:. The revolt mainly concentrated in the
2077:Prisoners who died in British detention
991:
989:
952:
915:, an Indian biographical short film by
289:) in the late 19th century, during the
1892:. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
1655:Rajendran, Sowmya (13 November 2018).
1141:
861:, a controversial defunct organization
613:He was arrested at Jamkopai forest in
1669:from the original on 16 November 2018
1636:from the original on 16 November 2018
1603:from the original on 12 November 2017
1509:from the original on 11 November 2021
1183:from the original on 15 November 2021
999:[The Revolt of Birsa Munda].
960:Rycroft, Daniel J. (4 January 2002).
7:
1858:Rycroft, Daniel J. (December 2004).
1622:Prasath, Rajendra (9 October 2018).
1468:"Chotanagpur Tenancy Act: What next"
831:Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri
777:adding citations to reliable sources
682:Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri
582:(Great Tumult) which soon spread to
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1566:Official website. 15 November 2008.
1497:Pandit, Ambika (11 November 2021).
531:to the position of farm labourers.
1793:from the original on 22 April 2022
1731:from the original on 22 April 2022
1478:from the original on 6 August 2021
1293:from the original on 4 August 2016
836:Sido Kanhu Murmu University, Dumka
649:, to remember the contribution of
14:
1701:(Motion picture) (in Hindi). 2004
1095:from the original on 11 June 2021
997:"The "Ulgulaan" of "Dharati Aba""
937:Sahitya Akademi Award for Bengali
1867:Indian Folklore Research Journal
1213:from the original on 9 June 2021
898:Birsa Munda – The Black Iron Man
749:
25:
1448:from the original on 5 May 2019
36:needs additional citations for
1599:(in Hindi). 16 November 2016.
665:in the Kokar neighbourhood of
1:
1975:The Great Hero of the Tribals
1232:Singh, Kumar Suresh (2002) .
865:Birsa Munda Tribal University
846:Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium
841:Sidho Kanho Birsha University
821:Birsa Institute of Technology
816:Birsa Agricultural University
729:Gopi Nainar, the director of
694:Birsa Agricultural University
690:Sidho Kanho Birsha University
1912:Singh, Kumar Suresh (1983).
1812:Biography for Mahasweta Devi
1087:Awaaz, Aapki (9 June 2015).
401:Formative period (1886–1894)
295:Indian independence movement
229:Indian independence movement
145:The Mundas and their Country
2012:People from Ranchi district
1945:"The Legend of Birsa Munda"
1916:. Oxford University Press.
1789:(in Hindi). 2 August 2019.
1120:. Oxford University Press.
1036:. 1999–2015. Archived from
888:) was made by Ashok Saran.
542:and give up the worship of
281:movement that arose in the
2093:
1358:Who's who on Indian Stamps
708:(Victory to Birsa Munda).
2062:Scheduled Tribes of India
474:was on everybody's lips.
132:
1533:15 December 2015 at the
925:winner, writer-activist
919:, was released in 2020.
855:Birsa Munda Central Jail
1355:Suresh, Sushma (1999).
929:'s historical fiction,
880:In 2004, a Hindi film,
559:, the father of earth.
515:British colonial system
438:West Singhbhum district
2047:Indian revolutionaries
1886:Singh, Suresh (1966).
1757:. 2011. Archived from
1753:Gandhi Se Pehle Gandhi
1564:Raj Bhavan (Jharkhand)
1361:. Mohan B. Daryanani.
1003:. 2009. Archived from
905:Gandhi Se Pehle Gandhi
647:Janjatiya Gaurav Divas
638:
630:Birsa Munda on a 1988
567:
429:
413:Birsa Munda statue by
349:in Ranchi district of
341:Early life (1875–1886)
1823:Ramon Magsaysay Award
1817:26 March 2010 at the
1558:10 April 2009 at the
1114:Singh, K. S. (1983).
923:Ramon Magsaysay Award
826:Birsa College, Khunti
629:
565:
412:
241:Sugana Munda (father)
2032:History of Jharkhand
1995:25 July 2020 at the
1853:on 14 February 2009.
1699:Cultureunplugged.com
1179:. 15 November 2021.
967:University of Sussex
909:Gandhi Before Gandhi
773:improve this section
540:worship only one God
45:improve this article
1272:, 15 November 1988.
1265:6 June 2014 at the
913:Bhagwan Birsa Munda
851:Birsa Munda Airport
678:Birsa Munda Airport
244:Karmi Hatu (mother)
1990:Birsa Munda Revolt
1825:Official website."
1755:is on Birsa Munda"
1580:bharat-rakshak.com
1541:, 18 November 2001
1503:The Times of India
876:In popular culture
706:Birsa Munda Ki Jai
639:
568:
452:New Vaishnava sect
430:
1930:The Dust-storm...
1928:(A reissuance of
1761:on 7 January 2016
1690:Ulgulan-Ek Kranti
1442:indianexpress.com
1423:978-81-230-2544-5
1410:A.K.Dhan (2017).
1368:978-84-931101-0-9
1236:. Seagull Books.
1127:978-0-19-561424-4
974:on 27 August 2005
882:Ulgulan-Ek Kranti
809:
808:
801:
713:Statue of Ulgulan
669:, the capital of
423:Bokaro Steel City
351:Bengal Presidency
335:Parliament Museum
283:Bengal Presidency
251:
250:
205:Bengal Presidency
174:Bengal Presidency
121:
120:
113:
95:
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1962:
1957:
1955:
1927:
1908:
1906:
1904:
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1849:. Archived from
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1007:on 21 April 2014
993:
984:
983:
981:
979:
970:. Archived from
957:
804:
797:
793:
790:
784:
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659:Kodagu districts
268:
267:
266:
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263:
196:
162:15 November 1875
161:
159:
139:Photograph from
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482:Tribal movement
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1980:Government of
1973:Birsa Munda –
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1967:External links
1965:
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1938:
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1933:
1923:978-0195614244
1922:
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1786:Dainik Bhaskar
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1695:The Revolution
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1577:Bihar Regiment
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2017:Tribal chiefs
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1203:"Birsa Munda"
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758:This section
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741:Commemoration
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643:Union cabinet
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615:Chakradharpur
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590:, Basia, and
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262:pronunciation
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62: –
61:
60:"Birsa Munda"
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2022:Munda people
1979:
1974:
1959:
1952:. Retrieved
1949:The Dispatch
1948:
1929:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1888:
1875:. Retrieved
1870:
1866:
1851:the original
1841:
1839:Khan, A. H.
1833:Bibliography
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1752:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1698:
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1689:
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1671:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1632:(in Tamil).
1627:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1596:
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1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1502:
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1480:. Retrieved
1471:
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1450:. Retrieved
1441:
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1412:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1386:
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1338:. Retrieved
1323:
1295:. Retrieved
1286:
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1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1158:
1132:. Retrieved
1116:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1064:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:the original
1033:
1030:"birsamunda"
1024:
1016:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1000:
976:. Retrieved
972:the original
965:
955:
930:
921:
912:
908:
904:
902:
897:
893:
890:Deepraj Rana
885:
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795:
789:January 2023
786:
771:Please help
759:
728:
721:
710:
705:
675:
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612:
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579:
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557:Dharati Baba
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520:Chhotanagpur
512:
487:
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418:
415:Nabhendu Sen
404:
395:
391:Christianity
383:
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318:
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253:
252:
195:(1900-06-09)
144:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2042:1900 deaths
2037:1875 births
1842:Birsa Munda
1797:21 February
1735:10 February
1673:16 November
1640:16 November
1607:11 November
1513:12 November
1413:BIRSA MUNDA
1395:17 February
1340:17 February
1324:Birsa Munda
1217:16 November
1177:Pragativadi
1066:India Today
941:British Raj
917:Rajan Khosa
735:Pa. Ranjith
504:West Bengal
472:Dharti Aaba
366:condition.
291:British Raj
279:millenarian
254:Birsa Munda
217:Nationality
193:9 June 1900
127:Birsa Munda
2006:Categories
1954:5 December
1903:4 February
1877:4 February
1270:India Post
1187:3 February
1099:5 February
947:References
636:India post
634:ticket of
387:missionary
299:Munda belt
158:1875-11-15
71:newspapers
1629:Filmibeat
1597:Inextlive
1482:31 August
1144:cite book
978:18 August
760:does not
717:Jharkhand
671:Jharkhand
492:Jharkhand
427:Jharkhand
419:Naya More
371:sajhedari
359:Jharkhand
353:– now in
315:Bandgaon.
287:Jharkhand
209:Jharkhand
182:Jharkhand
141:S. C. Roy
1993:Archived
1815:Archived
1791:Archived
1729:Archived
1667:Archived
1634:Archived
1601:Archived
1556:Archived
1531:Archived
1507:Archived
1476:Archived
1446:Archived
1291:Archived
1263:Archived
1211:Archived
1181:Archived
1093:Archived
1072:11 March
1001:cipra.in
894:Birsaits
680:Ranchi,
580:Ulgulaan
526:In 1856
445:monogamy
225:Movement
207:(now in
176:(now in
2057:Adivasi
1984:website
1765:10 June
1705:10 June
1697:].
1044:10 June
1011:10 June
781:removed
766:sources
698:war cry
596:British
552:raiyats
467:Kharias
347:Ulihatu
322:Birsait
311:Sarwada
235:Parents
166:Ulihatu
85:scholar
1982:Odisha
1920:
1898:192213
1896:
1751:"Film
1420:
1365:
1331:
1297:26 May
1240:
1134:27 May
1124:
696:. The
667:Ranchi
655:Mysore
651:tribal
622:Legacy
603:police
592:Ranchi
584:Khunti
544:bongas
528:Jagirs
496:Odisha
465:, and
463:Oraons
458:tribal
379:akhara
303:Khunti
271:tribal
220:Indian
201:Ranchi
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1863:(PDF)
1693:[
1452:5 May
731:Aramm
588:Tamar
536:Tamar
500:Bihar
363:Munda
331:Oraon
307:Tamar
285:(now
275:Munda
92:JSTOR
78:books
1956:2022
1918:ISBN
1905:2015
1894:OCLC
1879:2015
1799:2021
1767:2019
1737:2021
1707:2019
1675:2018
1642:2018
1609:2017
1515:2021
1484:2019
1454:2019
1418:ISBN
1397:2022
1363:ISBN
1342:2022
1329:ISBN
1299:2016
1238:ISBN
1219:2018
1189:2022
1150:link
1136:2023
1122:ISBN
1101:2015
1074:2022
1046:2015
1013:2015
980:2015
764:any
762:cite
711:The
657:and
641:The
632:daak
573:Kols
513:The
506:and
313:and
190:Died
152:Born
64:news
1978:at
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704:is
700:of
470:of
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357:of
301:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
