74:. Other sources of funding include the Institute for Behavioural Sciences at the University of South Africa. Since 1998, the Wellcome Trust has been a major contributor, with additional support coming from the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa, the Medical Research Council, the University of the Witwatersrand, the Mellon Foundation, the South-African Netherlands Programme on Alternative Development and the Anglo American Chairman's Fund.
49:, especially due to the absence of other data. Information on children's recognition of cigarette brands, for example, was used by the Minister of Health from 1997 to 1999 to push forward progressive tobacco legislation, preventing public advertising and the sale of cigarettes to minors. The early age of school entry revealed by longitudinal data was used by the Ministry of Education in 2004 to legislate a minimum age for school enrolment.
42:
the yearly surveys cover a broad range of topics, touching on both the physical health and development of the child, his or her environment, education, nutrition, socioeconomic class, and cognitive development. Later surveys also monitor each subject's opinion on politics, Africa, and other social opinions.
52:
As a longitudinal study, one of the major criteria by which one may judge the Birth to Twenty study is by the number of subjects for whom data is obtained in each round, or the attrition rate. One of the difficulties encountered by the Birth to Twenty is that many subjects move out of the area, and
41:
The first round of the study began in 1989/1990, and questioned the still-pregnant mothers about general demographic characteristics, and the conditions of the pregnancy. After further rounds of assessments and surveys at birth and six months, data was obtained on an annual basis. The question in
61:
The data for the Birth to 20 study is not publicly available. According to the "Memorandum of
Understanding," interested researches should contact the projects Executive Committee if they wish to obtain the study's data or publish a paper based on it.
53:
can no longer participate. Nevertheless, the study has quite consistently obtained data from between 50% - 65% of the original cohort of 3,273. In 2005-2006, for example, data was collected from 2,100 subjects, or 64%.
38:
release from prison. As the name suggests, the study plans will continue to monitor its subjects until they are twenty years old (2010). As of 2008, the study was still active.
136:
197:
A March, 2007 article describing the background and some of the findings of the Birth to Twenty Study. In the
International Journal of Epidemiology
71:
176:
110:
196:
30:, and in 1990 began to track the development of 3,273 newborn infants. According to supporter, University of Witwatersrand,
140:
211:
191:
93:
192:
The official homepage of the Birth to Twenty Study, hosted by the
University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
26:
largest and longest running study of child and adolescent health and development. The study is a birth
177:
http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/3F721035-3D4E-4431-9384-99B51CA5AFB6/0/MEMORANDUMOFUNDERSTANDING.doc
134:
Birth to Twenty
Research Theme Inventory (Questionnaire Content), available at the BT20 website,
114:
164:
97:
35:
205:
34:, BT20 is colloquially nicknamed "Mandela's Children" as the program began following
108:
The official Birth to 20 Website at the
University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
46:
31:
27:
161:
Cohort
Profile: Mandela's children: The 1990 birth to twenty study in South Africa
45:
The study is unique source of information for major policy decisions in the
23:
90:
137:"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Questionnaire"
70:
Since its inception, Birth to Twenty has been funded by the
163:, International Journal of Epidemiology, March 12, 2007,
165:
http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/dym016v1
91:
Home: Birth To 20 Research
University of Witwatersrand
111:"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Home"
16:
Study of child and adolescent health and development
8:
83:
72:South African Medical Research Council
7:
14:
175:"Memorandum of Understanding,
1:
96:September 28, 2012, at the
228:
57:Availability of Data
219:
179:
173:
167:
158:
152:
151:
149:
148:
139:. Archived from
132:
126:
125:
123:
122:
113:. Archived from
106:
100:
88:
36:Nelson Mandela's
227:
226:
222:
221:
220:
218:
217:
216:
212:Youth in Africa
202:
201:
188:
183:
182:
174:
170:
159:
155:
146:
144:
135:
133:
129:
120:
118:
109:
107:
103:
98:Wayback Machine
89:
85:
80:
68:
59:
20:Birth to Twenty
17:
12:
11:
5:
225:
223:
215:
214:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:External links
184:
181:
180:
168:
153:
127:
101:
82:
81:
79:
76:
67:
64:
58:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
224:
213:
210:
209:
207:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
185:
178:
172:
169:
166:
162:
157:
154:
143:on 2008-03-04
142:
138:
131:
128:
117:on 2008-02-11
116:
112:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
77:
75:
73:
65:
63:
56:
54:
50:
48:
43:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
171:
160:
156:
145:. Retrieved
141:the original
130:
119:. Retrieved
115:the original
104:
86:
69:
60:
51:
47:South Africa
44:
40:
32:Johannesburg
28:cohort study
19:
18:
147:2008-02-12
121:2008-02-12
78:References
22:(BT20) is
206:Category
94:Archived
24:Africa's
66:Funding
208::
150:.
124:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.