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292:, which allow some humidity to pass through the fabric while blocking most external water. A traditional bivouac bag typically cinches all the way down to the user's face, leaving only a small hole to breathe or look through. Other bivouac sack have a mesh screen at the face area to allow for outside visibility and airflow, while still protecting from insects. Fully zipping up a bivouac sack is poor practice, both from the obvious risk of
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125:. Modern bivouacs often involve the use of one- or two-person tents but may also be without tents or full cover. In modern mountaineering the nature of the bivouac shelter will depend on the level of preparedness, in particular whether existing camping and outdoor gear may be incorporated into the shelter.
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A bivouac sack is a smaller type of bivouac shelter. Generally it is a portable, lightweight, waterproof shelter, and an alternative to larger bivouac shelters. The main benefit of a bivouac sack shelter is speed of setup and ability to use in a tiny space as compared to tent-like shelters. A bivouac
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which are a suitable distance apart. The four corners of the flysheet are then either pegged out or tied down to other trees. Care must be taken to leave a gap between the ground and the sheet to ensure that there is enough air flow to stop
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Modern bivouacs have evolved to offer heightened levels of comfort for climbers and explorers. Modern portaledges (the vertical camping version of a tent) are a more comfortable, safer, and sturdier option to hanging hammocks.
243:. The basha is an extremely versatile shelter that can be erected in many different ways to suit the particular conditions of the location. (The word also sometimes refers to a special type of bivouac sack described below).
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on the inner side, leaving the occupant or the sleeping bag moist. Moisture severely decreases the insulating effect of sleeping bags. This problem has been alleviated somewhat in recent years with the advent of more
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sack is therefore a common choice for hikers, cyclists or climbers who have to camp in tight areas, or in unknown areas. A bivouac sack will usually have a thin waterproof fabric shell that is designed to slip over a
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watch or patrol). It referred to an additional watch that would be maintained by a military or civilian force to increase vigilance at an encampment. Following use by the troops of the
357:", is broadly accredited with the invention of the bivouac in extreme, inhospitable places. He would bivouac in the open, creating a blanket of rocks and earth or using a simple bag.
553:
Blowing Hot and Cold: Protecting
Against Climatic Extremes, Papers Presented at the RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium Held in Dresden, Germany, 8-10 October 2001
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is only permitted at designated sites and only in connection with climbing, although in this case lighting fires is absolutely forbidden. The colloquial
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in 1953 and was forced to bivouac alone on a rock ledge at 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) altitude, in order to survive until the following morning.
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318:(pronounced "bo-fen"). The spot selected for overnight stays usually comprises an overhang in the sandstone rock or a cave, the so-called
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196:. Although these have the advantage of being speedy to erect and resource-efficient, they have relatively poor insulation properties.
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Camenzind, M; Weder, M; Den Hartog, E (2002). "Influence of Body
Moisture on the Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags".
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with eyelets and loops or tabs located along all four sides of the sheet and sometimes across the two central lines of
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There are many different ways to put up a bivouac shelter. The most common method is to use one bivouac sheet as the
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101:. It may often refer to sleeping in the open with a bivouac sack, but it may also refer to a shelter constructed of
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81:) is any of a variety of improvised camp site or shelter that is usually of a temporary nature, used especially by
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Artificial bivouacs can be constructed using a variety of available materials from corrugated iron sheeting or
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and the dramatically increased levels of condensation that will form inside the bag.
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An example of a bivouac being made in a time of urgency was shown when the climber
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322:("bo-fe"). This has often been adapted with a sleeping area and fireplace. In the
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is French and ultimately derives from an 18th-century Swiss German usage of
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like a structure of branches to form a frame, which is then covered with
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A bivouac sack (in red) covering a man within a sleeping bag in
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592:"Where to find free, legal bivouac & camp sites in Europe"
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is suspended along its ridge line by a cord tied between two
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of the shelter and a second as the groundsheet. The 'roof'
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A drawback of a simple bivouac sack is the humidity that
667:"Big Wall Vertical Camping: How Does It Really Work?"
314:, climbers refer to overnighting in the open air as
952:
916:
823:
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617:"Become an FT subscriber to read | Financial Times"
526:. Vol. 23, no. 139. pp. 143–169.
175:Climbers using a 'hanging bivouac' at Camp 5 on
481:Alpine Climbing: Techniques to Take You Higher
466:International Encyclopedia of Military History
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8:
227:, made from one or two sheets of waterproof
434:. Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from
45:bivouacking during the first ascent of the
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518:Howe, Steve; Getchell, Dave (March 1995).
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235:. Generally a basha is made of reinforced
342:(= sleep soundly and for a long time).
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7:
643:. Adventure Journal. Archived from
286:waterproof, but breathable fabrics
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153:the term became also known as
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351:Count Henry Russell-Killough
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29:
1049:Mountaineering techniques
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483:. The Mountaineers Books.
113:and similar material for
1044:Mountaineering equipment
464:Bradford, James (2004).
312:Elbe Sandstone Mountains
306:In the German region of
883:Shelter-half (pup tent)
721:and overnight shelters
495:"How to build a basha"
479:Houston, Mark (2004).
412:Ultralight backpacking
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181:
58:
641:"9 Legendary Bivoacs"
438:on September 25, 2016
353:, the "hermit of the
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85:or people engaged in
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903:Tent (ridge or dome)
499:timeoff2outdoors.com
30:For other uses, see
364:made his ascent of
647:on 21 January 2021
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192:or a purpose-made
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57:in September 1961.
27:Improvised shelter
1054:Camping equipment
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731:Emergency shelter
671:The Dyrt Magazine
562:978-92-837-1082-0
338:was derived from
308:Saxon Switzerland
103:natural materials
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16:(Redirected from
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41:Rock climber
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868:Pole marquee
863:Mummery tent
853:Hammock tent
824:Modern types
754:
675:. Retrieved
673:. 2019-05-15
670:
661:
649:. Retrieved
645:the original
635:
624:. Retrieved
620:
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600:. Retrieved
598:. 2020-09-26
596:Caravanistan
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535:. Retrieved
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502:. Retrieved
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489:
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468:. Routledge.
465:
440:. Retrieved
436:the original
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397:Mountain hut
387:Shelter half
370:
366:Nanga Parbat
362:Hermann Buhl
359:
349:
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266:sleeping bag
262:
247:Bivouac sack
223:is a simple
218:
214:condensation
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190:groundsheets
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161:Construction
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78:
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47:Salathé Wall
893:Spiegeltent
888:Sibley tent
750:Bender tent
741:Traditional
651:13 December
442:13 December
157:for short.
119:leaf litter
91:bikepacking
87:backpacking
43:Chuck Pratt
1028:Categories
908:Truck tent
815:Yurt wagon
677:2021-09-07
626:2021-09-07
621:www.ft.com
602:2020-10-05
537:2013-06-21
524:Backpacker
504:2020-10-05
418:References
407:Portaledge
288:, such as
270:wind chill
165:See also:
123:insulation
117:and duff (
51:El Capitan
990:Thatching
985:Tent city
944:Tent pole
917:Equipment
878:Roof tent
846:tarp tent
836:Bell tent
578:ADA403853
532:0277-867X
432:"Bivouac"
281:condenses
259:, Germany
133:The word
129:Etymology
1013:Category
960:Campsite
939:Tent peg
929:Guy-wire
571:26357620
376:See also
355:Pyrenees
346:Examples
326:itself,
290:Gore-Tex
241:symmetry
205:flysheet
178:The Nose
139:Beiwacht
95:scouting
83:soldiers
18:Bivy bag
970:Lean-to
805:Yaranga
310:in the
294:hypoxia
186:plywood
167:Lean-to
135:bivouac
32:Bivouac
934:Mallet
924:Canvas
873:Poncho
800:Wigwam
785:Qarmaq
765:Goahti
569:
559:
530:
336:boofen
328:Boofen
316:Boofen
301:Boofen
229:fabric
121:) for
107:leaves
858:Kohte
831:Basha
795:Tupiq
775:Lavvu
770:Humpy
743:types
719:Tents
567:S2CID
382:Bothy
340:pofen
334:word
332:Saxon
320:Boofe
237:nylon
221:basha
209:trees
194:basha
188:, to
155:bivvy
147:Wacht
111:ferns
79:bivvi
67:bivvy
898:Swag
810:Yurt
790:Tipi
780:Loue
760:Chum
653:2016
575:DTIC
557:ISBN
528:ISSN
444:2016
274:rain
272:and
233:cord
225:tent
201:roof
145:by,
75:bivi
71:bivy
965:Hut
841:Fly
143:bei
97:or
65:or
53:in
49:on
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452:^
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219:A
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697:v
680:.
655:.
629:.
605:.
580:.
540:.
507:.
446:.
141:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
