1748:, together offering employment that is estimated to be between 50,000 and 55,000 jobs and absorbing 62% of the labour force. The formal sector employment consists of primary, secondary and tertiary industry sub-sectors, and the informal sector is principally small-scale business operations. The tertiary or services industry sub-sector is leading in terms of employment creation and importance to the economy of the city; it employs 26,074 people accounting for 56.5% of total formal employment. The secondary industry sub-sector employs 18,824 people principally in manufacturing and accounts for about 41% of the total employment. Information on informal sector activities is scanty or non-existent. But a recent study by Africon and field investigation under the Blantyre City Environmental City Profile, leads to the conclusion that it is a substantial and vibrant economy, offering employment to about 4,500 people who would otherwise be unemployed.
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pollution in the city such as run-offs from domestic and agricultural activities and vehicle emissions have been identified. Previous studies have indicated substantial heavy metal pollution in the city's water bodies including streams. Major changes in industrial activities have occurred in the city including a decrease in volumes of wastewater generated by the David
Whitehead company, which used to be a major contributor of wastewater effluent in Makata industrial area; change of ownership and wastewater management of Cold Storage Company; closure of the Shire Bus Line; doubling of wastewater generation from both Carlsberg and Chibuku Products due to increase in production and installation of some industrial pre-treatment plants such as at Chibuku, Plascon and Dulux.
1987:
Company of Malawi. Following the liberalisation policy, the city has witnessed the establishment of many private clinics and hospitals (including
Blantyre Adventist Hospital and Mwaiwathu PVT Hospital) that complement the few limited old facilities. The majority of these offer outpatient services while the few well-established ones offer both. Besides the city-based health services, many city residents make regular use of mission hospitals that are outside the city to the extent that these form part of the city's health delivery system (Mlambe Hospital and Nguludi). In addition, traditional healers (herbalists) and traditional birth attendants play an important role in providing health care to the city residents.
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1983:(QECH), the biggest referral hospital in the country, which has a total of 1,000 hospital beds, and the three private hospitals that have a total of 122 hospital beds. The 18 public clinics are run by the District Health Office in partnership with the Blantyre City Assembly and service Bangwe, Chigumula, Chilomoni, Chirimba, Limbe, Ndirande, Manyowe, Masala, Mapanga, Misesa, Mzedi, Nancholi, Nkolokoti, Ntenje, Ntonda, South Lunzu, Zingwangwa and Civic Centre.
424:
Limbe development started in 1906 following the establishment of the Shire
Highlands Railways Company headquarters and repair and servicing facilities and Imperial Tobacco Group (ITG) packaging and tobacco grading factory nearby. As a result of the establishment of these large operations, easy accessibility and flat topography, Limbe experienced a development boom of Indian wholesale and retail shops. By 1910 Limbe town surpassed Blantyre town. Low- and
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1802:, which holds an estimated 40,000, is in Chichiri, Blantyre. Due to the age of the structure, however, it has been downsized to seat an estimated 25,000. International football games are played here as well as major Malawian events such as presidential inaugurations and Independence Day celebrations. Other sports centres are College of medicine sports complex, Blantyre Youth centre and the Chiwembe Sports complex.
1947:
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385:. The site was chosen by Henry Henderson, who was joined there on 23 October 1876 by Dr T. T. Macklin and others. Dr Macklin took over the leadership of the mission and began the work of building; but it was not until 1878 that the first ordained minister, Rev. Duff MacDonald, joined the mission. The original missionaries, for various reasons, faced local opposition and three of them were recalled.
174:
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Maselema are classic examples of light industrial areas. All the industrial areas are located along the banks of the main rivers or streams of
Blantyre city. Makata industrial area lies between Mudi and Nasolo streams whilst Ginnery Corner industrial area is along Mudi River. Maselema industrial area exists along the Naperi river and Chirimba stream hosts Chirimba industrial area.
1710:
1842:. Chileka airport also houses important weather stations. In 2007, the Government of Malawi proposed expansion plans that are yet to be realised. In 2009 it was announced that the Government of Malawi was seeking partners for a $ 1 billion rehabilitation of the airport, which will include the construction of a new terminal building and the widening of the current runway.
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There are several clinics run by religious organisations where people receive paying health care services, and there are also clinics owned by statutory corporations/companies (serving their staff) such as ADMARC, Malawi
Railways, Portland Cement, Lever Brothers, Tobacco Processors, and National Seed
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The city is generally cool with mean monthly temperatures ranging from 19 °C (66 °F) during the cool season (May to July) to 26 °C (79 °F) during the hot season (September to
November). There are two particularly uncomfortable spells of weather; the hottest season associated with
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The most conspicuous and dominant physical features are the numerous hills found in all parts of the city. The main hills are the headwaters of several rivers and streams that originate and radiate from the city, forming a natural drainage system with nine distinct catchment areas: Likhubula, Lunzu,
911:
Blantyre City, the largest commercial and industrial capital of Malawi, is in the Shire
Highlands and geographical centre of the Southern Region of the country and lies 35° east of Greenwich Meridian and 15° 42' south of the Equator. It is a transport communications node with road, rail and air
423:
From 1876 to 1905, urban development in
Blantyre was confined to three distinct areas within 2 km of each other: Blantyre Mission, Mandala (European commercial venture), and the government zone and commercial centre triangle marked by Haile Selassie Road, Glyn Jones Road and Hannover Street. In
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Manufacturing contributes approximately 14% to GDP. In the period 1996–1999 the sector showed 0% growth, partly due to the rapid liberalisation of markets exposing Malawi's manufacturers to competition from South Africa and
Zimbabwe. The sector is still hampered by monopolistic behaviour (cotton),
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There are several rules for treatment of wastes in the industries, but disposal of untreated wastewater into drains and, subsequently, into the city's major streams is very common, thus posing a potential health and environmental risk to the people in
Blantyre and downstream. Other sources of water
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While Chirimba industrial area is designated a heavy industrial area, it is the least developed in terms of number of industries. Apart from Makata, Ginnery corner industrial site is another active site followed by Limbe and Maselema. The least are Chirimba and Maone industrial sites. Chitawira and
428:
for the European and Asian staff was in Mpingwe, ITG and Mudi in Limbe and in Mount Pleasant, Sunnyside, Namiwawa, Kabula and Mandala in Blantyre. The Indian shops included accommodation at the rear or on the top floor. High-density housing for the African workforce was far away except the Chiwembe
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As Malawi's main economic and financial hub, the city plays host to an annual international trade fair each May. The event seeks to showcase the best of Malawian commerce, industry, agriculture and information technology and opened under a theme of "Building Productivity Capacity to Achieve Export
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Blantyre is home to the Malawi Stock Exchange located on Victoria Avenue, the heart of the city. It opened its doors in November 1996 and operates under the Capital Market Development Act 1990 and the Companies Act 1984. Before the listing of the first company, the major activities that were being
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Blantyre City is the commercial and industrial capital. It is by far the major employment generator in the country and has the greatest multiplier effect on the urban economy. The city is Malawi's industrial centre with many manufacturing plants, having eight designated industrial areas: Makata,
443:
Blantyre City has a total of eight National Monuments, mostly buildings of historic importance. The City Assembly has nominated two sites for designation as National Monuments and another 23 sites for investigation with regard to their eligibility for designation as national and local monuments.
997:(Aw) and is greatly influenced by its location in the tropical zone and altitude. The city experiences the tropical continental climate with two distinct seasons in the year (three proper seasons). The rainy season is from November to April, with continuing light cold showers locally known as
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that covers more than 50% of the city area, from the northwest to the east and extends in two small bands southward in the western part of the city. Syenitic gneiss accounts for about 40% covering the southern, western and north-eastern corner of the city and also in form of scattered small
420:. Thus, Blantyre quickly established itself as a crossroads for trade in Southern Africa. Today the city is Malawi's main manufacturing centre for activities including shoe manufacturing, corn (maize) milling, brewing, soft drink production, baking, printing, and tobacco manufacturing.
947:, and thus some prominent faults occur within and in the vicinity of the city rendering it prone to earthquakes. The main faults and associated zones of deeply fractured bedrock run from the north of the city in a southwesterly direction and are potential aquifers for groundwater.
439:
Urban development in Blantyre was further stimulated by the construction of the railway. In 1956 it was merged with its sister city, Limbe (11 km or 7 mi east, founded in 1909), to form one city. Here, it became the "headquarter of Malawi (then Nyasaland) Railways."
412:
Blantyre became a British consular station in 1883 and attained municipality status by 1895, making it Malawi's oldest municipality. By the time of World War I, Blantyre had a diverse population with Africans from neighbouring districts as well as South Asian traders.
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intrusions into the pyroxene granulite gneiss. In their unweathered state, both rock types are impervious hence poor aquifers, but they provide a valuable resource for road and building construction. Blantyre City is on the eastern edge of the southern branch of the
1978:
The health care delivery system in the city has both curative and preventative health care services, and this is provided through a network of hospitals and health centres/clinics that are distributed throughout different parts of the city. The government runs
1838:, located approximately 14 km (9 mi) from Blantyre city centre, has two runways and serves Blantyre with flights to South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya, and domestic points. The airport is the second base for the country's flagship airline,
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in 1878, was founded in Glasgow in 1877. In 1881, it moved to Mandala, not far away on the other side of the River Mudi. The company's original base in Blantyre, Mandala House, still exists and is a National Monument and the oldest building in Malawi.
1954:
Blantyre City has a wide range of educational facilities comprising primary school, secondary school and tertiary education as well as pre-school. These are provided by the government, City Assembly, missionary institutions and the private sector.
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The geology of the city consists of two principal types of rocks of an ancient Basement Complex, a result of a process that took place during the late Pre-Cambrian period about 500 million years ago. The most extensive rock formation consists of
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The plateau and ridge comprises all the land that is suitable for urban development including extensive relatively flat land, the mountain piedmonts and plains, and long narrow watersheds and strips of land that separate the rivers and streams.
928:. It covers an area of 228 km. The city is classified as a 'National Urban Centre' within the designated six hierarchical levels system of urban centres of the country and is the regional administrative headquarters of the Southern Region.
1963:, Kamuzu College of Nursing, Blantyre School of Health Sciences and Malawi College of Accountancy, Telecommunications National and SADCC Multi-Country Training Schools, Technical School, Police Training School and Blantyre Teachers' College.
1870:
is located in the city. Carlsberg Brewery is a location where visitors can try the country's favourite drink, the "Green". This drink was created by a Danish foreign minister who visited Malawi during the independence celebration in 1966.
1865:
The Mandala House is a historic building in Blantyre that was built in 1882 as a place of relaxation for the managers of the Mandala Trading Company. Inside there is a cafe, as well as the Society of Malawi Library and Archive. The
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Ginnery Corner, Maselema, Limbe, Chirimba, South Lunzu, Maone and Chitawira. Of these Makata, Ginnery Corner, Maselema, Limbe, Chirimba and Maone are actively hosting industries whilst South Lunzu is yet to be developed.
334:'s centre of finance and commerce, and its second largest city, with a population of 800,264 as of 2018. It is sometimes referred to as the commercial and industrial capital of Malawi as opposed to the political capital,
400:
language. It was subsequently edited by Scott's successor in Blantyre, Alexander Hetherwick. The church was famously built by a team of local workmen with no knowledge of European architecture or building techniques.
1970:, Central High School, Nyasa Junior Academy, St Patrick's Primary School, St Patrick's Academy, South End Secondary School, Phoenix Primary School, Hillview International Primary School in Limbe and Kalibu Academy.
1993:
Mwaiwathu Private Hospital and Blantyre Adventist Hospital provide the best medical services in the city, with many residents of Lilongwe travelling to Blantyre to receive treatment from them. There is also the
1958:
Tertiary education includes technical and higher learning institutions mostly in the Chichiri-Ginnery Corner area, the then Malawi Polytechnic now Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS),
1019:
high humidity soon before the onset of the first rains (end October to November), and the frost along rivers, mist and chilly showers and winds characteristic of the cold season in June and July.
1721:
The existing industrial sites are further categorised into heavy and light sites. Makata and Limbe, for example, are the sole heavy industrial sites hosting more than 30 companies.
954:. There are three main types of topographical features, which have major implications for the development of the city: the hills, plateau and ridge, and the natural drainage system.
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1832:; Mchinji, near the border with Zambia; Salima and Lilongwe; and between Nkaya and Nayuchi on the eastern border with Mozambique, covering a total of 797 kilometres (495 miles).
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The development history of Blantyre was principally dictated by piecemeal uncoordinated development as a result of individual and interest group decisions relating to
1990:
The health delivery system of the city is grossly inadequate. The public hospital wards are very congested and long queues are characteristic of outpatient services.
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and Mwampanzi draining the middle and southern parts. Because of the hilly topography, these natural drainage channels are narrow and have steep sides and gradients.
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trade barriers, lack of access to capital, illegal imports, and unpredictable implementation or lack of implementation of existing bilateral trade agreements.
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from the end of May to July. The dry season is from May to October. The mean annual rainfall is 1,122 mm (44.17 in), of which about 80% falls within
2410:
2994:
The Proceedings of the First Chancellor College Research Dissemination Conference: Held at the Great Hall, Chancellor College, Zomba 28th to 30th March 2001
1824:, which connects it by operating a connection between Blantyre to Nsanje, near the southern border with Mozambique, and connects Malawi with the Mozambican
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undertaken were the provision of a facility for secondary market trading in Government of Malawi bonds, namely Treasury Bills and Local Registered Stocks.
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2997:. Sustainable Environmental Management and Conservation. Chancellor College research and publications committee. pp. 317–322.
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Lakudzala, D. D.; Tembo, K. C.; Manda, I. K. (1999–2000). "An investigation of chemical pollutants in Lower Shire River, Malawi".
1980:
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Alongside the mission a commercial trading company was established. The Livingstonia Central Africa Trading Company, renamed the
298:
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Masamba, W. R. L.; Chimbalanga, R. M. (2001). "Heavy Metal Pollution in the City of Blantyre, Malawi: Lead, Zinc and Cadmium".
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According to the Mercer 2017 and Preciousgift Kulumbasi, Cost of Living Rankings, Blantyre is the city with the fifth-lowest
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2833:(in German). Offizielles Portal der Landeshauptstadt und der Region Hannover in Zusammenarbeit mit hier.de. Archived from
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Chitete, Suzgo. Mozambique has launched reconstruction work for the Sena Railway line. Nation Online Malawi. 29 May 2021.
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The city's status as Malawi's centre of commerce and industry began through its role as a centre for colonial trade in
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Blantyre City lies in a hilly area; it has varied topography ranging from an elevation of about 780 to 1,612 metres
880:
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2711:"Curating the nation: Collections, ethnographic representations and heritage production at Museum of Malawi"
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are the largest ethnic group in the city with 39.59% of the population. The largest ethnic minority are the
339:
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2935:
Visions for Racial Equality: David Clement Scott and the Struggle for Justice in Nineteenth-Century Malawi
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Visions for Racial Equality: David Clement Scott and the Struggle for Justice in Nineteenth-Century Malawi
1998:, one of the very few hospitals where hip and knee replacement surgery can be done in Sub-Saharan Africa.
1919:
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3045:"Modelling soil organic carbon turnover in improved fallows in eastern Zambia using the RothC-26.3 model"
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1783:. Construction finished in 2016 and it is estimated to hold 70,000 people. The stadium is home to the
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From 1881–1898 the mission was run by David Clement Scott, who was famous not only for building the
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Mombezi and Khombwi, which drain the northern part of the city, and Mudi, Chisombezi, Limbe,
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2591:(Report). Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD). July 2002. Archived from
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3004:"Water quality assessment in streams and wastewater treatment plants of Blantyre, Malawi"
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with only 0.08%, other religions with 2.41%, and no religion with 0.63% of the city.
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Schools include Bedir International School, Saint Andrews International Primary and
1946:
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The city has coach services that run from the city centre and Wenela bus station to
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Kuyeli, S.M.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Fabiano, E.; Sajidu, S.M.; Henry, E.M.T. (2009).
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2517:"Temporal And Spatial Physicochemical Water Quality in Blantyre Urban Streams"
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with only 0.02%, and other ethnic groups with 0.93% of the city's population.
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Its rather unconventional location has meant that Blantyre is surrounded by
936:
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2496:
Lakudzala et al., 1999; Masamba and Chimbalanga, 2001, Sajidu et al, 2007
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events as well as the majority of the important functions of the nation.
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2016:
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Sajidu, S.M.I.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Henry, E.M.T.; Kuyeli, S.M. (2007).
2029:
1854:
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with 19.12% of the population. Other minor ethnic groups include the
331:
179:
2688:"Malawi seek partners for $ 1bn upgrade of region's oldest airfield"
2808:
2505:
Lakudzala et al., 1999; Sajidu et al., 2007; Kaonga et al., (2008)
2066:, professional boxer and former IBO and WBC-International champion
1945:
1935:
1878:
1809:
1735:
1708:
896:
417:
361:
353:
912:
links to all parts of the country and neighbouring countries of
396:, the foremost dictionary for Mang'anja and the closely related
373:
Blantyre was founded in 1876 through the missionary work of the
27:
This article is about the city in Malawi. For other uses, see
466:
977:, which constitute the Michiru Mountain Conservation Area.
867:
with 17.94% of the city. The largest religious minority is
2757:"Successes and Challenges of Malawi's Only Medical School"
2606:
2487:
Local Government Act, 1982; Blantyre City Assembly, 1999
1779:(Bingu International Stadium) is in the capital city of
863:
The largest religious denomination in Blantyre City is
314:
2865:. Blantyre: Nations Publication Limited. 1 August 2012
815: Seventh-day Adventist/Baptist/Apostolic (15.44%)
1740:
The modern Multi-purpose hall at the Blantyre Mission
809: Church of Central African Presbyterian (17.61%)
2139:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
2090:, pastor, founder of Raised For a Purpose Ministries
309:
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238:
230:
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217:
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2078:, Malawian author, writer, activist and politician
436:, commerce, farming, industry and administration.
394:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Mang'anja Language
2892:Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History
2890:; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Blantyre, Malawi".
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
1820:The city has an important railway station on the
2386:"2018 Population and Housing Census Main Report"
2308:
2306:
2304:
3008:Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
2437:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1697:Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)
2745:, britannica.com, USA, accessed on 7 July 2019
871:with 17.61%. Other minority religions include
2857:"Malawian-born swimmer wins gold at Olympics"
2589:Study on Private Sector Development in Malawi
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
1744:The employment structure includes formal and
973:, Ndirande mountain, Chiradzulu mountain and
8:
3043:Kaonga, M.L.; Coleman, K. (20 August 2008).
2367:Malawi: Cities, Towns & Urban Localities
549:Ethnic Groups in Blantyre City (2018 Census)
457:
3117:Populated places in Southern Region, Malawi
2573:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (
2099:, Chief Justice of Malawi from 1970 to 1985
2084:, international professional netball player
1849:, Mzuzu and other African cities including
987:Köppen-Geiger climate classification system
2957:Dictionary of African Christian Biography.
2060:, Olympic field hockey player for Zimbabwe
1022:
456:
392:, between 1888 and 1891, but also for his
390:St Michael and All Angels Church, Blantyre
38:
2805:"Beit Cure International Hospital Malawi"
2780:
2726:
2346:"Malaŵi – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
985:The climate of Blantyre is classified by
2964:Malawi Journal of Science and Technology
2521:Malawi Journal of Science and Technology
1961:University of Malawi College of Medicine
796:Religions in Blantyre City (2018 Census)
2116:National Statistical Office of Malawi.
2108:
1968:Saint Andrews International High School
381:, Scotland, birthplace of the explorer
308:
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258:
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237:
224:
208:
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59:
47:
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2236:,Vol. 10, No. 2 (July 1957), pp. 6–17.
1928:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Blantyre
1908:Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
1885:Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
869:Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
338:. It is the capital of the country's
296:
263:
242:
229:
216:
196:
184:
7:
3127:Populated places established in 1876
2563:– via African Journals Online.
2555:from the original on 9 November 2022
2391:. Malawi National Statistical Office
2161:
2159:
2118:"2018 Population and Housing Census"
1912:World Communion of Reformed Churches
358:Blantyre government offices in 1904.
3079:– via Elsevier ScienceDirect.
3038:– via Elsevier ScienceDirect.
2639:Mercer 2017 Cost of Living Rankings
2433:"Chileka Climate Normals 1961–1990"
1030:) 1961–1990, extremes 1939–present
1015:months between November and March.
1883:St Michael and All Angels Church,
736:According to the 2018 census, the
25:
2072:, Malawian artist and illustrator
1900:Lutheran Church of Central Africa
1798:Malawi's second-largest stadium,
3090:
2709:Lusaka, Mwayi (4 January 2023).
2656:"Reuters AlertNet – Malawi"
2411:"Michiru Mountain – Malawi"
2348:. Britannica.com. 11 August 2008
2054:, Olympic swimmers for Australia
2028:
2015:
1996:Beit CURE International Hospital
1981:Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital
247:240 km (90 sq mi)
172:
107:
106:
99:
74:
73:
66:
49:
36:Place in Southern Region, Malawi
2915:Encyclopedia of African History
2937:. Cambridge University Press.
2250:. Cambridge University Press.
833: Other Christian (24.33%)
1:
3122:1876 establishments in Africa
3049:Forest Ecology and Management
2728:10.1080/23311983.2022.2160577
2478:Blantyre City Assembly, 1999.
1836:Chileka International Airport
1815:Chileka International Airport
1028:Chileka International Airport
803: Roman Catholic (17.94%)
3132:Categories by city in Malawi
3098:travel guide from Wikivoyage
3069:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017
2970:(10). University of Malawi.
2715:Cogent Arts & Humanities
2042:Notable people from Blantyre
1916:Baptist Convention of Malawi
369:, Blantyre's oldest building
255:1,039 m (3,409 ft)
2831:"Hanover – Twin Towns"
1503:Average precipitation days
1289:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1149:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1026:Climate data for Blantyre (
379:Blantyre, South Lanarkshire
3153:
2912:, ed. (2005). "Blantyre".
2168:"Blantyre - Lonely Planet"
2002:Twin towns – sister cities
1791:team. It is also used for
1756:Competitiveness" in 2007.
1696:
1691:
1025:
55:Busy road in Blantyre City
26:
3028:10.1016/j.pce.2007.07.045
2460:(in French). Météo Climat
2271:Bsac Travel Club – Malawi
2210:. Encyclopædia Britannica
1904:Lutheran World Federation
1894:, they are predominantly
1787:, the country's national
1644:
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1218:
1148:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
857: No Religion (0.63%)
845: Traditional (0.08%)
821: Pentecostal (9.75%)
727:
719:
714:
706:
701:
693:
688:
680:
675:
667:
662:
654:
649:
641:
636:
628:
623:
615:
610:
602:
597:
589:
584:
576:
571:
563:
558:
553:
548:
532:
484:—
406:African Lakes Corporation
132:
60:
48:
29:Blantyre (disambiguation)
2761:Croatian Medical Journal
995:tropical savanna climate
2933:Englund, Harri (2022).
2773:10.3325/cmj.2009.50.189
2690:. Engineeringnews.co.za
2607:"Malawi Stock Exchange"
2535:(inactive 1 May 2024).
2276:17 October 2007 at the
2246:Englund, Harri (2022).
2228:Green, Stephen (1957).
2953:"Scott, David Clement"
2951:Statham, Todd (2014).
2294:12 August 2021 at the
1951:
1920:Baptist World Alliance
1898:churches and temples:
1887:
1817:
1741:
1714:
993:, more specifically a
883:with 15.44% combined,
426:medium-density housing
370:
359:
2755:Muula, A. S. (2009).
2234:The Nyasaland Journal
2143:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1949:
1882:
1813:
1739:
1712:
873:Seventh-day Adventist
839: Muslim (10.11%)
827: Anglican (1.7%)
458:Historical population
377:. It was named after
365:
357:
152:15.78611°S 35.00583°E
3014:(15–18): 1391–1398.
2918:. Fitzroy Dearborn.
1079:Record high °C (°F)
945:Eastern African Rift
3061:2008ForEM.256.1160K
3020:2007PCE....32.1391S
2888:Paul Tiyambe Zeleza
1359:Record low °C (°F)
1219:Daily mean °C (°F)
851: Other (2.41%)
459:
429:compound in Limbe.
157:-15.78611; 35.00583
148: /
18:Blantyre, Nyasaland
2811:on 12 January 2012
2230:"Blantyre Mission"
2094:James John Skinner
1952:
1950:Malawi Polytechnic
1934:). There are also
1888:
1818:
1742:
1715:
1713:Blantyre City View
375:Church of Scotland
371:
360:
265: • Total
244: • Total
231: • Mayor
123:Show map of Africa
90:Show map of Malawi
87:Location in Malawi
2925:978-1-57958-245-6
2910:Kevin Shillington
2595:on 28 April 2004.
2533:10.4314/MJST.V9I1
2458:"Station Chileka"
2326:on 7 January 2005
1924:Assemblies of God
1892:places of worship
1875:Places of worship
1840:Malawian Airlines
1775:Malawi's largest
1701:
1700:
1552:relative humidity
891:with 1.7%, other
732:
731:
537:
536:
453:Population growth
383:David Livingstone
344:Blantyre District
325:
324:
204:Blantyre District
120:Blantyre (Africa)
16:(Redirected from
3144:
3137:Cities in Malawi
3094:
3080:
3055:(5): 1160–1166.
3039:
2998:
2987:
2948:
2929:
2905:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2807:. Archived from
2801:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2752:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2652:
2646:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2413:. Indexmundi.com
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2319:. Archived from
2318:
2310:
2299:
2286:
2280:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2243:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2204:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2166:Planet, Lonely.
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2113:
2033:
2032:
2020:
2019:
1771:Sport facilities
1746:informal sectors
1506:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
991:Tropical climate
975:Michiru Mountain
920:, South Africa,
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
546:
545:
473:
468:
460:
321:
318:
316:
293:
178:
176:
175:
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
124:
110:
109:
103:
91:
77:
76:
70:
53:
39:
21:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3102:
3101:
3087:
3042:
3001:
2990:
2961:
2945:
2932:
2926:
2908:
2902:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2837:on 24 July 2011
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2736:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2302:
2296:Wayback Machine
2287:
2283:
2278:Wayback Machine
2269:
2265:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2088:Aubrey Mwasinga
2052:Bronte Campbell
2044:
2027:
2014:
2004:
1976:
1944:
1932:Catholic Church
1877:
1868:Chichiri Museum
1863:
1808:
1793:track and field
1773:
1707:
1702:
1692:Source 1: NOAA
1504:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
983:
952:above sea level
909:
861:
860:
859:
858:
854:
852:
848:
846:
842:
840:
836:
834:
830:
828:
824:
822:
818:
816:
812:
810:
806:
804:
800:
790:
734:
733:
725:
712:
699:
686:
673:
660:
647:
634:
621:
608:
595:
582:
569:
542:
455:
450:
352:
342:as well as the
340:Southern Region
313:
291:
290:
192:Southern Region
173:
171:
156:
154:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
128:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
111:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
78:
56:
44:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3150:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3086:
3085:External links
3083:
3082:
3081:
3040:
2999:
2988:
2982:Record Number
2959:
2949:
2943:
2930:
2924:
2906:
2900:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2848:
2822:
2796:
2767:(2): 189–191.
2747:
2734:
2701:
2678:
2669:
2658:. Alertnet.org
2647:
2630:
2620:
2598:
2580:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2449:
2424:
2402:
2370:
2359:
2337:
2300:
2281:
2263:
2256:
2238:
2221:
2184:
2155:
2130:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2076:Vera Kamtukule
2073:
2067:
2064:Isaac Chilemba
2061:
2058:Anthea Stewart
2055:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2025:
2003:
2000:
1975:
1972:
1943:
1940:
1876:
1873:
1862:
1859:
1826:ports of Beira
1807:
1804:
1800:Kamuzu Stadium
1772:
1769:
1767:in the world.
1761:cost of living
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:sunshine hours
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:sunshine hours
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1021:
982:
979:
908:
905:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
792:
791:
789:
786:
730:
729:
726:
723:
721:
717:
716:
713:
710:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
695:
691:
690:
687:
684:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
643:
639:
638:
635:
632:
630:
626:
625:
622:
619:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
604:
600:
599:
596:
593:
591:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
574:
573:
570:
567:
565:
561:
560:
557:
555:
551:
550:
544:
543:
541:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
526:
523:
519:
518:
515:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
497:
496:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
469:
464:
454:
451:
449:
446:
351:
348:
323:
322:
311:
307:
306:
301:
295:
294:
287:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
245:
241:
240:
236:
235:
232:
228:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
201:
195:
194:
189:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
130:
129:
119:
113:
112:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
86:
80:
79:
72:
71:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3149:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2944:9781316514009
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:. Routledge.
2893:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:Mandala House
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2257:9781316514009
2253:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2173:
2172:Lonely Planet
2169:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:Mwai Kumwenda
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Malawi Flames
1782:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:Mean monthly
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1431:precipitation
1427:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
980:
978:
976:
972:
967:
963:
961:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
938:
935:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
904:
902:
899:with 10.11%,
898:
895:with 24.33%,
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
798:
797:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
748:with 14.32%,
747:
743:
739:
722:
718:
709:
705:
696:
692:
683:
679:
670:
666:
657:
653:
644:
640:
631:
627:
618:
614:
605:
601:
592:
588:
579:
575:
566:
562:
556:
554:Ethnic Groups
552:
547:
540:Ethnic groups
539:
531:
527:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
499:
498:
494:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
476:
470:
465:
462:
461:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
435:
430:
427:
421:
419:
414:
410:
407:
402:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
368:
367:Mandala House
364:
356:
349:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
320:
312:
305:
302:
300:
288:
285:
277:
275:
267:
254:
246:
233:
220:
212:
205:
202:
200:
193:
190:
188:
181:
170:
161:
133:Coordinates:
102:
69:
52:
40:
34:
30:
19:
3052:
3048:
3011:
3007:
2993:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2934:
2914:
2891:
2881:Bibliography
2867:. Retrieved
2860:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:the original
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:the original
2799:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2741:Britannica,
2737:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2681:
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2650:
2642:
2633:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2601:
2593:the original
2583:
2569:cite journal
2557:. Retrieved
2524:
2520:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2314:"Tp/Hq/Conf"
2284:
2266:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2175:. Retrieved
2171:
2148:13 September
2146:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2111:
2006:Blantyre is
2005:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1889:
1864:
1851:Johannesburg
1844:
1834:
1822:Sena railway
1819:
1797:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1433:mm (inches)
1017:
984:
968:
964:
956:
949:
930:
910:
887:with 9.75%,
862:
795:
794:
776:with 0.34%,
772:with 0.87%,
768:with 1.24%,
764:with 4.01%,
760:with 4.26%,
756:with 5.74%,
752:with 9.34%,
735:
448:Demographics
442:
438:
431:
422:
415:
411:
403:
393:
387:
372:
327:
326:
218:Municipality
33:
2984:20093104709
2686:Anonymous.
2609:. Mse.co.mw
2527:(1): 5–10.
2395:25 December
2214:11 November
2177:11 November
2123:4 September
2070:Kay Chiromo
1765:expatriates
1645:Mean daily
971:Mount Soche
901:Traditional
885:Pentecostal
865:Catholicism
780:with 0.2%,
155: /
3106:Categories
2901:0415234794
2862:The Nation
2694:30 October
2662:30 October
2613:30 October
2464:14 October
2417:30 October
2352:30 October
2330:30 October
2208:"Blantyre"
2104:References
2024:in Germany
1890:Among the
1505:(≥ 0.3 mm)
914:Mozambique
434:evangelism
260:Population
234:Wild Ndipo
226:Government
140:15°47′10″S
3077:0378-1127
3036:1474-7065
2976:1019-7079
2549:129413431
2541:1019-7079
2037:in Taiwan
2035:Kaohsiung
1942:Education
1938:mosques.
1896:Christian
1806:Transport
999:chiperoni
937:granulite
907:Geography
893:Christian
881:Apostolic
758:Mang'anja
629:Mang'anja
274:Time zone
252:Elevation
143:35°0′21″E
3112:Blantyre
3096:Blantyre
2869:24 April
2815:20 April
2791:19399953
2559:29 April
2553:Archived
2292:Archived
2274:Archived
1847:Lilongwe
1789:football
1781:Lilongwe
1550:Average
1498:(35.30)
1429:Average
1144:(103.1)
1134:(103.1)
1129:(103.1)
1124:(101.5)
1114:(100.4)
1094:(100.9)
960:Luchenza
934:pyroxene
926:Tanzania
918:Zimbabwe
889:Anglican
788:Religion
398:Chichewa
336:Lilongwe
328:Blantyre
199:District
114:Blantyre
81:Blantyre
43:Blantyre
3057:Bibcode
3016:Bibcode
2841:17 July
2782:2681051
2645:. 2017.
2442:8 March
2022:Hanover
2008:twinned
1861:Culture
1777:stadium
1705:Economy
1493:(7.01)
1488:(3.66)
1483:(1.15)
1478:(0.14)
1473:(0.05)
1468:(0.09)
1463:(0.08)
1458:(0.39)
1453:(1.81)
1448:(5.98)
1443:(7.14)
1438:(7.80)
1424:(42.8)
1419:(57.2)
1414:(52.9)
1409:(49.1)
1404:(45.7)
1399:(50.0)
1394:(48.2)
1389:(42.8)
1384:(48.4)
1379:(49.3)
1374:(60.4)
1369:(57.2)
1364:(50.4)
1354:(63.7)
1349:(68.4)
1344:(68.5)
1339:(67.1)
1334:(62.8)
1329:(58.1)
1324:(55.9)
1319:(56.5)
1314:(60.1)
1309:(64.2)
1304:(66.7)
1299:(67.8)
1294:(68.2)
1284:(72.0)
1279:(75.2)
1274:(77.0)
1269:(77.0)
1264:(73.6)
1259:(68.0)
1254:(65.1)
1249:(65.3)
1244:(68.5)
1239:(72.0)
1234:(73.8)
1229:(74.1)
1224:(74.3)
1214:(81.9)
1209:(84.6)
1204:(87.3)
1199:(88.3)
1194:(84.6)
1189:(79.0)
1184:(75.0)
1179:(75.4)
1174:(78.6)
1169:(81.0)
1164:(82.0)
1159:(82.9)
1154:(83.1)
1139:(97.7)
1119:(91.9)
1109:(89.1)
1104:(92.7)
1099:(92.8)
1089:(99.3)
1084:(98.1)
1010:⁄
981:Climate
877:Baptist
774:Nkhonde
762:Tumbuka
724:
711:
698:
685:
681:Nkhonde
672:
659:
646:
642:Tumbuka
633:
620:
607:
594:
581:
568:
559:percent
533:source:
525:800,264
514:661,256
503:502,053
492:333,120
481:222,153
472:±% p.a.
350:History
310:Website
299:Climate
268:800,264
210:Founded
168:Country
3075:
3034:
2974:
2941:
2922:
2898:
2789:
2779:
2743:Malawi
2643:Mercer
2547:
2539:
2254:
2010:with:
1974:Health
1936:Muslim
1855:Harare
1830:Nacala
1640:2,797
1637:198.4
1634:228.0
1631:275.9
1628:270.0
1625:260.4
1622:232.3
1619:237.0
1616:260.4
1613:237.0
1610:217.0
1607:182.0
1604:198.4
1035:Month
940:gneiss
922:Zambia
879:, and
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
778:Lambya
770:Nyanja
694:Lambya
668:Nyanja
598:14.32%
585:19.12%
572:39.59%
528:+1.93%
517:+2.79%
506:+3.80%
495:+4.13%
332:Malawi
317:.bccmw
292:medium
286:(2017)
187:Region
180:Malawi
177:
2545:S2CID
2537:eISSN
2389:(PDF)
2324:(PDF)
2317:(PDF)
1496:896.6
1491:178.0
1446:152.0
1441:181.4
1436:198.0
1074:Year
989:as a
897:Islam
782:Sukwa
766:Tonga
750:Chewa
742:Ngoni
738:Lomwe
728:0.93%
720:Other
715:0.02%
707:Sukwa
689:0.34%
676:0.87%
663:1.24%
655:Tonga
650:4.01%
637:4.26%
624:5.74%
611:9.34%
603:Chewa
577:Ngoni
564:Lomwe
418:ivory
289:0.541
3073:ISSN
3032:ISSN
2972:ISSN
2939:ISBN
2920:ISBN
2896:ISBN
2871:2016
2843:2009
2817:2011
2787:PMID
2696:2009
2664:2009
2615:2009
2575:link
2561:2024
2466:2016
2444:2015
2419:2009
2397:2019
2354:2009
2332:2009
2252:ISBN
2216:2016
2179:2016
2150:2018
2125:2020
2050:and
2048:Cate
1853:and
1828:and
1763:for
1687:7.7
1684:6.4
1681:7.6
1678:8.9
1675:9.0
1672:8.4
1669:7.5
1666:7.9
1663:8.4
1660:7.9
1657:7.0
1654:6.5
1651:6.4
1554:(%)
1486:93.0
1481:29.2
1451:45.9
1417:14.0
1412:11.6
1397:10.0
1372:15.8
1367:14.0
1362:10.2
1352:17.6
1347:20.2
1342:20.3
1337:19.5
1332:17.1
1327:14.5
1322:13.3
1317:13.6
1312:15.6
1307:17.9
1302:19.3
1297:19.9
1292:20.1
1282:22.2
1277:24.0
1272:25.0
1267:25.0
1262:23.1
1257:20.0
1252:18.4
1247:18.5
1242:20.3
1237:22.2
1232:23.2
1227:23.4
1222:23.5
1212:27.7
1207:29.2
1202:30.7
1197:31.3
1192:29.2
1187:26.1
1182:23.9
1177:24.1
1172:25.9
1167:27.2
1162:27.8
1157:28.3
1152:28.4
1142:39.5
1137:36.5
1132:39.5
1127:39.5
1122:38.6
1117:33.3
1112:38.0
1107:31.7
1102:33.7
1097:33.8
1092:38.3
1087:37.4
1082:36.7
1071:Dec
1068:Nov
1065:Oct
1062:Sep
1059:Aug
1056:Jul
1053:Jun
1050:May
1047:Apr
1044:Mar
1041:Feb
1038:Jan
924:and
754:Sena
702:0.2%
616:Sena
522:2018
511:2008
500:1998
489:1987
478:1977
467:Pop.
463:Year
319:.com
239:Area
221:1895
213:1876
3065:doi
3053:256
3024:doi
2980:CAB
2777:PMC
2769:doi
2723:doi
2641:".
2529:doi
1922:),
1914:),
1906:),
1593:67
1590:75
1587:61
1584:53
1581:52
1578:50
1575:64
1572:66
1569:69
1566:75
1563:78
1560:80
1557:79
1545:83
1542:14
1515:12
1512:14
1509:16
1476:3.5
1471:1.2
1466:2.4
1461:2.1
1456:9.9
1422:6.0
1407:9.5
1402:7.6
1392:9.0
1387:6.0
1382:9.1
1377:9.6
746:Yao
590:Yao
330:is
315:www
284:HDI
3108::
3071:.
3063:.
3051:.
3047:.
3030:.
3022:.
3012:32
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3006:.
2978:.
2966:.
2955:.
2859:.
2785:.
2775:.
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2759:.
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2719:10
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2571:}}
2567:{{
2551:.
2543:.
2523:.
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2158:^
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2097:QC
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1536:4
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304:Aw
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