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from 1890 to 1893. A Philadelphia newspaper reported his appointment in 1890, but persistent claims that his salary was $ 30,000 a year are not substantiated by any primary records. He also served on the
District of Columbia Board of Trustees of Public Schools from 1892 to 1895. He was a participant
532:
In early 1889, politically-connected blacks lobbied for Bruce to receive a
Cabinet appointment in the Harrison Administration. Said one newspaper: "Bruce is a man of respectable ability, and has, perhaps, more than any other man of his race who has sat in Congress, the respect of those with whom he
503:, a Confederate Army veteran and member of the Democratic Party, was elected to succeed Bruce. After his Senate term expired, Bruce remained in Washington, D.C., secured a succession of Republican patronage jobs and stumped for Republican candidates across the country. He acquired a large
1257:"The Black 'Consummate Strategist': Blanche Kelso Bruce and the Skillful Use of Power in the Reconstruction and Post-Reconstruction Eras," pp. 23–46, in Matthew Lynch, ed., Before Obama: A Reappraisal of the Black Reconstruction Era Politicians
417:. Bruce was treated comparatively well by his father, who educated him together with a legitimate half-brother. When Bruce was young, he played with his half-brother. One source claims that his father legally freed Blanche and arranged for an
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1135:"Blanche K. Bruce House - Blanche K. Bruce, the only formerly enslaved man to serve in the Senate and the first Black man to serve a full term, lived in this house while a Senator"
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1276:"A Black Vice President in the Gilded Age? Blanche Kelso Bruce and the National Republican Convention of 1880," in Journal of Mississippi History (Summer 2009), pp. 105–138
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Senator Bruce was also the first
African-American to preside over the Senate and the first African-American whose signature appeared on all the nation's paper currency (as
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in
Bolivar County. He later was elected to other county positions, including tax collector and supervisor of education, while he also edited a local
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One newspaper wrote that Bruce did not approve of the designation "colored men." He often said, "I am a Negro and proud of it."
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Seraile, William. Bruce Grit: The Black
Nationalist Writings of John Edward Bruce. Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2003. pp. 110–111.
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to Polly Bruce, an
African-American woman who served as a domestic slave. His father was his master, Pettis Perkinson, a
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so he could learn a trade. In an 1886 newspaper interview, however, Bruce says that he gained his freedom by moving to
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The
Executive Documents of the House of Representatives for the third session of the fifty-third Congress 1894–1895
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In
October of 1999, the U.S. Senate commissioned a portrait of Bruce. African-American Washington D.C. artist
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A historical highway marker marking Bruce's birthplace at the intersection of highway 360 and 623 near
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1186:"Dedication Ceremony honoring ex-slave Blanche Kelso Bruce, 1st Black senator to serve a full term"
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355:, was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate but did not complete a full term).
1120:
Annual Report of the
Commissioners of the District of Columbia for the year ended June 30, 1899
931:
Heroes of the
American Reconstruction: Profiles of Sixteen Educators, Politicians and Activists
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public school trustees ordered that a then-new public school building on Marshall Street in
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499:, becoming the first African American (and the only former slave) to have done so. In 1880,
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327:(March 1, 1841 – March 17, 1898) was an American politician who represented
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was selected in 2000 to paint the portrait, which was unveiled in the Capitol in 2001.
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
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The Senator and the Socialite: The True Story of America's First Black Dynasty
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The True Story of America's First Black Dynasty: The Senator and the Socialite
418:
1184:
African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. (February 13, 2006).
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plantation. He became a wealthy landowner of several thousand acres in the
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1082:
Bruce, Josephine Beall Willson : African American National Biography
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Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
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to serve in the upper house of Congress. On February 14, 1879, Bruce
422:
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African-American candidates for Vice President of the United States
476:
registrar of voters and tax assessor before he won an election for
2927:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
2926:
1204:"The Senator and the Socialite - Lawrence Otis Graham - Paperback"
626:
In 1975, the Washington, D.C. residence of Bruce, was declared a
606:
373:
876:
Discovering African American St. Louis: A Guide to Historic Sites
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and served until his death from diabetes complications in 1898.
358:
He was appointed as Recorder of Deeds in Washington D.C. during
1841:
1515:
856:"Reminiscences of the Kansas Life of Ex-Senator B. K. Bruce"
665:
In June 2006, a historical book about Bruce was authored by
491:
In February 1874, Bruce was elected to the U.S. Senate, the
1161:
100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia
3907:
African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
1334:
The story of his life is retold in the 1949 radio drama "
3992:
African-American candidates for the United States Senate
3977:
Republican Party United States senators from Mississippi
688:
List of African-American United States Senate candidates
544:
in the March 5, 1897 meeting to celebrate the memory of
507:
and summer home, and presided over black high society.
934:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 6.
836:"Freed slave presides over Senate: February 14, 1879"
692:
580:, Ohio, amid great publicity; the couple traveled to
464:
in northwestern Mississippi, at which he purchased a
1304:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
449:, where he established a school for black children.
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425:as soon as hostilities broke out in the Civil War.
306:
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588:, was born in 1879. He was named for U.S. Senator
660:African American Heritage Preservation Foundation
2962:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1371:United States Senator (Class 1) from Mississippi
1284:Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era
896:1887. pp. 699–703. Geo. M. Rewell& Co., 1887
3927:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
3007:Black players in professional American football
2957:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1123:. Government Printing Office. 1899. p. 36.
1021:. Government Printing Office. 1895. p. 819
878:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri History Museum.
683:List of African-American United States senators
965:. Big Sandy News (Louisa, KY). January 3, 1889
894:Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive, and Rising,
584:for a four-month honeymoon. Their only child,
441:. He next worked as a steamboat porter on the
1853:
1527:
27:American senator and former slave (1841–1898)
8:
3972:People of Missouri in the American Civil War
2720:Historically black colleges and universities
817:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
3987:People from Prince Edward County, Virginia
2989:
1860:
1846:
1838:
1534:
1520:
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1350:
829:
827:
68:December 3, 1897 – March 17, 1898
42:
31:
2937:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
1407:Senate Mississippi River Levees Committee
1259:. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishing.
656:Green Bay, Prince Edward County, Virginia
623:be named the Bruce School in his honor.
576:(1853–1923), a fair-skinned socialite of
343:, he went on to become the first elected
472:. He was appointed to the positions of
339:from 1875 to 1881. Born into slavery in
3932:District of Columbia Recorders of Deeds
3917:African-American United States senators
1543:United States senators from Mississippi
1163:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.
793:
699:
3836:Topics related to the African diaspora
2942:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
178:March 4, 1875 – March 4, 1881
3816:Landmark African-American legislation
911:"Rise and Fall of the House of Bruce"
522:, who narrowly won election over the
484:. He became sergeant-at-arms for the
7:
2947:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
869:
867:
865:
647:listed Blanche Bruce on his list of
113:May 21, 1881 – June 5, 1885
3301:African-American Vernacular English
1336:The Saga of Senator Blanche K Bruce
834:Glass, Andrew (February 14, 2011).
560:a second time in 1897 by President
536:Bruce served by appointment as the
512:1880 Republican National Convention
366:, is a National Historic Landmark.
3219:U.S. cities with large populations
2922:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
25:
2092:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
2088:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
1895:African American founding fathers
3967:People of the Reconstruction Era
3854:
2972:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
2117:Nadir of American race relations
1685:
774:
762:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
596:, Bruce's mentor in the Senate.
572:On June 24, 1878, Bruce married
310:
3962:People from Farmville, Virginia
1978:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
1968:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
985:"Blanche K. Bruce's New Office"
3957:People from Hannibal, Missouri
2967:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
1973:Civil right movement 1896–1954
1322:Biography and Joe Kelso.Tripod
1232:Graham, Lawrence Otis (2006).
1079:Gardner, Eric (January 2006).
649:100 Greatest African Americans
347:senator to serve a full term (
341:Prince Edward County, Virginia
1:
3982:Washington, D.C., Republicans
3897:19th-century American farmers
3147:Cherokee freedmen controversy
2123:The Negro Motorist Green Book
1329:The Senator and the Socialite
1299:"Blanche Bruce (id: B000968)"
993:. January 30, 1890. p. 1
497:presided over the U.S. Senate
362:'s presidency. His home, the
3902:19th-century American slaves
1240:. New York: Harper Collins.
1159:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002).
811:"Bruce, Blanche Kelso"
3997:People enslaved in Virginia
3017:Black players in ice hockey
2952:National Urban League (NUL)
2778:American Society of Muslims
2016:Selma to Montgomery marches
1936:Brown v. Board of Education
1282:Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed.
1085:. Oxford University Press.
874:Wright, John Aaron (2002).
632:The Blanche K. Bruce House.
4013:
3174:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
2932:Nashville Student Movement
1943:Children of the plantation
628:National Historic Landmark
611:Blanche Kelso Bruce (2001)
387:National Historic Landmark
3912:African-American sheriffs
3844:
3811:Index of related articles
2992:
2812:Doctrine of Father Divine
2196:Women's suffrage movement
2149:Reconstruction Amendments
1956:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1683:
1500:
1495:Register of the Treasury
1493:
1485:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1453:
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1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1255:Patler, Nicholas (2012).
990:The Philadelphia Inquirer
950:starting on May 18, 1881)
318:
206:
171:
106:
61:
50:
41:
3937:Farmers from Mississippi
3892:African-American farmers
3861:United States portal
3296:African-American English
2725:Inventors and scientists
2417:George Washington Carver
2021:Chicago Freedom Movement
1469:Register of the Treasury
1297:United States Congress.
948:Register of the Treasury
928:Turkel, Stanley (2005).
820:. New York: D. Appleton.
558:Register of the Treasury
486:Mississippi State Senate
370:Early life and education
56:Register of the Treasury
3942:Mississippi Republicans
3784:African-American firsts
2833:Back-to-Africa movement
2802:Black Hebrew Israelites
2582:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2130:Partus sequitur ventrem
1338:", a presentation from
1309:Retrieved on 2009-03-26
574:Josephine Beall Willson
493:second African American
445:. In 1864, he moved to
3952:Oberlin College alumni
3752:Spingarn Medal winners
3241:States and territories
3012:Black NFL quarterbacks
2512:Martin Luther King Jr.
2044:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1983:Montgomery bus boycott
1430:Stephen Wallace Dorsey
963:"Color in the Cabinet"
658:, was unveiled by the
612:
556:. He was appointed as
550:American Negro Academy
527:Winfield Scott Hancock
390:
381:at 909 M Street NW in
364:Blanche K. Bruce House
3062:Athletic associations
2997:Negro league baseball
2768:African-American Jews
2487:Ketanji Brown Jackson
2452:Henry Highland Garnet
2311:Negro National Anthem
2061:George Floyd protests
2026:Post–civil rights era
610:
586:Roscoe Conkling Bruce
456:, Bruce relocated to
377:
161:United States Senator
3947:Mississippi sheriffs
3269:Afro-Seminole Creole
2795:Azusa Street Revival
2667:Booker T. Washington
2191:Underground Railroad
2056:Free people of color
1910:Atlantic slave trade
1208:HarperCollins Canada
1190:History News Network
1099:on February 25, 2019
667:Lawrence Otis Graham
617:District of Columbia
538:District of Columbia
399:Prince Edward County
393:Bruce was born into
337:United States Senate
3664:Trinidad and Tobago
3279:Black American Sign
3106:By African descent
3100:Ethnic subdivisions
3087:Southwestern (SWAC)
3002:Baseball color line
2917:Black Panther Party
2821:Political movements
2738:in computer science
2397:Carol Moseley Braun
2186:Tulsa race massacre
2179:Treatment of slaves
2011:March on Washington
2006:Birmingham movement
1592:T. Hickman Williams
1341:Destination Freedom
1060:on October 13, 2018
915:The Washington Post
630:and formally named
474:Tallahatchie County
325:Blanche Kelso Bruce
233:Farmville, Virginia
220:Blanche Kelso Bruce
3762:US representatives
3757:US cabinet members
3649:Dominican Republic
3236:Metropolitan areas
3077:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
2902:Civic and economic
2880:Self-determination
2701:Education, science
2622:Fred Shuttlesworth
2602:A. Philip Randolph
2507:Coretta Scott King
2432:Frederick Douglass
2259:Harlem Renaissance
2164:Separate but equal
2154:Reconstruction era
2142:Plessy v. Ferguson
2033:Cornerstone Speech
1947:Civil Rights Acts
1930:Black Lives Matter
1905:American Civil War
1454:Political offices
1437:Baby of the Senate
1377:Served alongside:
1274:Patler, Nicholas.
1050:"Blanche K. Bruce"
917:. Washington, D.C.
890:William J. Simmons
757:American Civil War
662:on March 1, 2006.
645:Molefi Kete Asante
615:In July 1898, the
613:
554:Alexander Crummell
546:Frederick Douglass
447:Hannibal, Missouri
391:
3869:
3868:
3697:African Americans
3569:Dallas–Fort Worth
3164:Black Southerners
3095:
3094:
2547:Thurgood Marshall
2517:Bernard Lafayette
2112:Million Man March
1869:African Americans
1835:
1834:
1510:
1509:
1501:Succeeded by
1479:William Rosecrans
1476:Succeeded by
1447:Arthur Pue Gorman
1444:Succeeded by
1414:Succeeded by
1389:Succeeded by
1375:1875–1881
1286:(1982), pp. 1–38.
1139:DC Historic Sites
643:In 2002, scholar
603:Honors and legacy
541:recorder of deeds
520:James A. Garfield
470:Mississippi Delta
466:Mississippi Delta
443:Mississippi River
437:for two years in
360:Benjamin Harrison
322:
321:
281:Josephine Willson
261:Woodlawn Cemetery
154:William Rosecrans
126:Chester A. Arthur
122:James A. Garfield
16:(Redirected from
4004:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3821:Lynching victims
3320:Louisiana Creole
3291:American English
3179:Louisiana Creole
3152:Choctaw freedmen
2990:
2527:Huddie Ledbetter
2467:Fannie Lou Hamer
2437:W. E. B. Du Bois
2427:Claudette Colvin
2422:Shirley Chisholm
2239:Family structure
2107:Military history
1989:Browder v. Gayle
1862:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1702:T. Hill Williams
1689:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1486:Preceded by
1459:Preceded by
1427:Preceded by
1422:Honorary titles
1361:Preceded by
1351:
1308:
1279:
1270:
1251:
1239:
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1214:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:. Archived from
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1056:. Archived from
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
959:
953:
952:
925:
919:
918:
909:(July 2, 2006).
903:
897:
886:
880:
879:
871:
860:
859:
852:
846:
845:
831:
822:
821:
813:
798:
779:
778:
767:
766:
765:
755:
754:
753:
743:
742:
741:
731:
730:
729:
719:
718:
717:
707:
706:
705:
698:
562:William McKinley
452:In 1868, during
383:Washington, D.C.
345:African-American
314:
250:Washington, D.C.
246:
229:
227:
211:Personal details
197:
185:
176:
150:
138:
130:Grover Cleveland
111:
97:
85:
77:William McKinley
66:
46:
32:
21:
18:Blanche K. Bruce
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3840:
3806:Historic places
3799:US state firsts
3685:
3600:
3324:
3257:
3229:2010 majorities
3224:2000 majorities
3195:
3142:Black Seminoles
3091:
3082:Southern (SIAC)
3065:
3064:and conferences
3063:
3056:
3052:Serena Williams
3047:Jackie Robinson
2981:
2905:
2903:
2896:
2816:
2783:Nation of Islam
2754:
2702:
2696:
2637:Sojourner Truth
2627:Clarence Thomas
2592:Gabriel Prosser
2492:Michael Jackson
2367:Crispus Attucks
2357:Ralph Abernathy
2345:
2301:Musical theater
2200:
2066:Great Migration
2038:COVID-19 impact
1996:Sit-in movement
1871:
1866:
1836:
1831:
1690:
1681:
1545:
1540:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1464:
1462:Glenni Scofield
1449:
1440:
1432:
1417:
1410:
1394:
1392:James Z. George
1380:James L. Alcorn
1376:
1374:
1366:
1296:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1254:
1248:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1010:
996:
994:
983:
982:
978:
968:
966:
961:
960:
956:
942:
927:
926:
922:
905:
904:
900:
887:
883:
873:
872:
863:
854:
853:
849:
833:
832:
825:
808:, eds. (1900).
800:
799:
795:
790:
785:
773:
763:
761:
751:
749:
739:
737:
727:
725:
715:
713:
703:
701:
693:
679:
605:
590:Roscoe Conkling
570:
501:James Z. George
435:Oberlin College
433:Bruce attended
431:
385:was declared a
372:
349:Hiram R. Revels
301:Oberlin College
267:Political party
248:
244:
231:
225:
223:
222:
221:
201:James Z. George
195:
183:
177:
172:
163:
148:
142:Glenni Scofield
136:
128:
124:
112:
107:
95:
83:
67:
62:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3772:Visual artists
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Mathematicians
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3556:
3551:
3549:South Carolina
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:North Carolina
3516:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3464:Massachusetts
3462:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3306:social context
3303:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3157:Creek Freedmen
3154:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3132:Alabama Creole
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Central (CIAA)
3068:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Pan-Africanism
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2807:Black theology
2804:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2748:in STEM fields
2745:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2703:and technology
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Harriet Tubman
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:Michelle Obama
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Barbara Jordan
2499:
2497:Harriet Jacobs
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:Amelia Boynton
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2350:Notable people
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:LGBT community
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2001:Freedom Riders
1998:
1993:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1925:Black genocide
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1367:
1364:Henry R. Pease
1362:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1346:Richard Durham
1332:
1324:
1319:
1310:
1292:
1291:External links
1289:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1266:978-0313397929
1265:
1252:
1247:978-0060985134
1246:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1195:
1176:
1169:
1151:
1126:
1110:
1092:978-0195301731
1091:
1071:
1041:
1032:
1008:
1003:Newspapers.com
976:
954:
940:
920:
898:
881:
861:
847:
823:
792:
791:
789:
786:
784:
783:
771:
759:
747:
735:
723:
711:
691:
690:
685:
678:
675:
604:
601:
569:
566:
454:Reconstruction
430:
427:
419:apprenticeship
371:
368:
320:
319:
316:
315:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
247:(aged 57)
243:March 17, 1898
241:
237:
236:
219:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
189:Henry R. Pease
186:
180:
179:
169:
168:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
119:
115:
114:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
59:
58:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4009:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Neighborhoods
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Sports firsts
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3596:West Virginia
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:Pennsylvania
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3512:New York City
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3356:San Francisco
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:By state/city
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3274:American Sign
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:Neighborhoods
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:Black Indians
3135:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:Black schools
2713:
2711:
2710:Black studies
2708:
2707:
2705:
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2692:Whitney Young
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1313:Blanche Bruce
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802:Wilson, J. G.
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745:United States
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568:Personal life
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439:Oberlin, Ohio
436:
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379:Bruce's house
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257:Resting place
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89:Fount Tillman
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36:Blanche Bruce
33:
30:
19:
3747:Sportspeople
3717:Billionaires
3634:Sierra Leone
3537:Philadelphia
3373:Jacksonville
3200:Demographics
3032:Jack Johnson
3022:Muhammad Ali
2855:Conservatism
2790:Black church
2687:Andrew Young
2672:Ida B. Wells
2662:David Walker
2657:C. T. Vivian
2612:Paul Robeson
2607:Hiram Revels
2587:Colin Powell
2567:Barack Obama
2522:James Lawson
2477:Jimi Hendrix
2447:James Farmer
2442:Medgar Evers
2412:Ralph Bunche
2406:
2362:Maya Angelou
2336:Middle class
2214:Afrofuturism
2140:
2128:
2121:
2042:
1987:
1934:
1900:Afrocentrism
1890:Abolitionism
1636:
1504:Judson Lyons
1494:
1467:
1435:
1404:
1399:
1384:Lucius Lamar
1378:
1369:
1339:
1328:
1317:Find a Grave
1302:
1283:
1275:
1256:
1235:
1226:Bibliography
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1198:
1189:
1179:
1160:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1119:
1113:
1103:February 25,
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1081:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1053:
1044:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1017:
1011:
1001:– via
995:. Retrieved
988:
979:
967:. Retrieved
957:
945:
930:
923:
914:
901:
893:
884:
875:
850:
841:The Politico
839:
815:
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614:
598:
571:
535:
531:
509:
490:
451:
432:
392:
357:
324:
323:
245:(1898-03-17)
196:Succeeded by
173:
149:Succeeded by
108:
101:Judson Lyons
96:Succeeded by
63:
29:
3887:1898 deaths
3882:1841 births
3767:US senators
3737:Republicans
3722:Journalists
3579:San Antonio
3544:Puerto Rico
3485:Mississippi
3378:Tallahassee
3351:Los Angeles
3042:Jesse Owens
3027:Arthur Ashe
2885:Nationalism
2875:Raised fist
2838:Black power
2743:in medicine
2677:Roy Wilkins
2632:Emmett Till
2617:Al Sharpton
2382:Julian Bond
2377:James Bevel
2341:Upper class
2331:Stereotypes
2224:Black mecca
2136:Plantations
1915:Black Codes
1652:J. Williams
1355:U.S. Senate
1064:October 12,
969:December 2,
769:Mississippi
638:Simmie Knox
397:in 1841 in
353:Mississippi
329:Mississippi
184:Preceded by
166:Mississippi
137:Preceded by
84:Preceded by
3876:Categories
3712:Astronauts
3502:New Jersey
3346:California
2850:Capitalism
2647:Nat Turner
2577:Rosa Parks
2562:Diane Nash
2532:John Lewis
2321:Newspapers
2291:Literature
2276:Juneteenth
2229:Businesses
2083:Exodusters
2051:Free Negro
1827:Hyde-Smith
1717:Poindexter
1498:1897–1898
1473:1881–1885
1441:1879–1881
1411:1877–1879
1400:New office
1327:Review of
1213:August 27,
1170:1573929638
1144:August 27,
941:0786419431
907:Eric Foner
788:References
351:, also of
333:Republican
271:Republican
226:1841-03-01
3826:Monuments
3702:Activists
3554:Tennessee
3474:Michigan
3458:Baltimore
3448:Louisiana
3441:Lexington
3424:Davenport
3363:Cleveland
3262:Languages
3191:Melungeon
3169:Blaxicans
3037:Joe Louis
2892:Socialism
2828:Anarchism
2557:Bob Moses
2542:Malcolm X
2462:Fred Gray
2326:Soul food
2264:New Negro
2249:Folktales
2159:Redlining
1597:Henderson
1054:Biography
806:Fiske, J.
709:Biography
669:, titled
621:Park View
578:Cleveland
505:townhouse
488:in 1870.
482:newspaper
462:Cleveland
413:Virginia
407:Farmville
307:Signature
297:Education
174:In office
118:President
109:In office
73:President
64:In office
3849:Category
3640:America
3606:Diaspora
3591:Virginia
3524:Oklahoma
3507:New York
3490:Nebraska
3453:Maryland
3436:Kentucky
3402:Illinois
3341:Arkansas
3246:Illinois
3184:of color
2870:Populism
2843:Movement
2760:Religion
2102:Lynching
1885:Timeline
1817:Eastland
1807:Eastland
1802:Harrison
1797:Vardaman
1782:McLaurin
1777:Sullivan
1772:Walthall
1767:McLaurin
1762:Walthall
1727:Chalmers
1712:R. Adams
1657:Stephens
1617:S. Adams
781:Politics
721:Virginia
677:See also
594:New York
548:and the
533:served.
524:Democrat
403:Virginia
287:Children
3777:Writers
3742:Singers
3727:Jurists
3675:Europe
3629:Liberia
3574:Houston
3478:Detroit
3414:Indiana
3407:Chicago
3390:Atlanta
3385:Georgia
3368:Florida
3336:Alabama
3286:English
2860:Leftism
2730:Museums
2281:Kwanzaa
2206:Culture
2174:Slavery
1877:History
1822:Cochran
1695:Class 2
1667:Stennis
1602:Speight
1587:Trotter
1550:Class 1
997:May 23,
695:Portals
552:led by
516:Chicago
510:At the
478:sheriff
458:Bolivar
415:planter
405:, near
395:slavery
389:in 1975
335:in the
3789:Mayors
3707:Actors
3679:France
3671:Israel
3659:Mexico
3644:Canada
3619:Gambia
3614:Africa
3564:Austin
3529:Oregon
3468:Boston
3431:Kansas
3397:Hawaii
3315:Gullah
3125:Yoruba
3115:Gullah
2986:Sports
2904:groups
2734:Women
2271:Hoodoo
2145:(1896)
2071:Second
2047:(1857)
1992:(1956)
1939:(1954)
1787:Gordon
1752:Alcorn
1747:Revels
1737:Brooke
1722:Walker
1677:Wicker
1642:George
1562:Holmes
1263:
1244:
1167:
1089:
938:
582:Europe
429:Career
423:Kansas
291:Roscoe
277:Spouse
252:, U.S.
235:, U.S.
3690:Lists
3654:Haiti
3624:Ghana
3559:Texas
3495:Omaha
2773:Islam
2306:Names
2296:Music
2234:Dance
1812:Doxey
1792:Percy
1757:Lamar
1742:Brown
1732:Foote
1662:Bilbo
1647:Money
1637:Bruce
1632:Pease
1622:Davis
1612:McRae
1607:Davis
1582:Black
1577:Ellis
1567:Ellis
1557:Leake
888:Rev.
460:near
411:white
331:as a
164:from
3586:Utah
3419:Iowa
3251:Ohio
3212:list
3120:Igbo
3110:Fula
2254:Hair
2244:Film
1961:1968
1951:1964
1707:Reed
1672:Lott
1627:Ames
1572:Reed
1261:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1215:2023
1165:ISBN
1146:2023
1105:2019
1087:ISBN
1066:2018
1027:2016
999:2023
971:2023
936:ISBN
733:Ohio
240:Died
216:Born
2219:Art
2076:New
1416:???
1315:at
592:of
514:in
3878::
2090:/
1382:,
1301:.
1206:.
1188:.
1137:.
1052:.
987:.
944:.
913:.
892:,
864:^
838:.
826:^
814:.
804:;
673:.
651:.
529:.
401:,
1861:e
1854:t
1847:v
1535:e
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1521:v
1307:.
1278:.
1269:.
1250:.
1217:.
1192:.
1173:.
1148:.
1107:.
1068:.
1029:.
1005:.
973:.
858:.
844:.
697::
228:)
224:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
