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remove the number of breeding pairs. The
Australian population has been suggested to have about 20,000 birds, but the lack of systematic estimates has meant a wide variation in the guesses ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 birds. They are threatened by habitat destruction, the draining of shallow wetlands, disturbance at nests, overfishing, pollution, collision with electricity wires and hunting. However, healthy breeding populations are found in unprotected and intensively cultivated agricultural landscapes (especially in south Asia) and cattle raising areas (as in north-east Australia). Suggestions abound in literature regarding Black-necked Storks requiring undisturbed wetlands, but these appear valid only in areas where hunting of wildlife is common (like in some countries in south-east Asia). Few breeding populations with high breeding success are known primarily due to lack of field work. It is evaluated as
608:
platform. On agricultural landscapes, human disturbance can cause nesting adults to abandon nests in some locations, but storks in other locations nest successfully. The nest is large, as much as 3 to 6 feet across and made up of sticks, branches and lined with rushes, water-plants and sometimes with a mud plaster on the edges. Nests may be reused year after year. The usual clutch is four eggs which are dull white in colour and broad oval in shape, but varies from one to five eggs. The exact incubation period is not known but is suspected to be about 30 days. The chicks hatch with white down which is replaced by a darker grey down on the neck within a week. The scapular feathers emerge first followed by the primaries.
673:
insects (grasshoppers and beetles), amphibians, reptiles and birds. The storks had also consumed a small piece of plastic, pebbles, cattle dung, and plant material. In well-protected wetlands, both in
Australia and India, black-necked storks feed almost exclusively on fish but in the agriculture-dominated landscape of Uttar Pradesh in India they feed on a wider range of prey including fish, frogs and molluscs; storks obtained fish in wetlands, frogs from roadside ditches, and molluscs from irrigation canals. Although predominantly diurnal, they may forage at night, and have been known to forage on moonlit nights on sea turtle hatchlings on Australian beaches.
493:
smaller and straighter beak; a fluffy appearance; brown head, neck, upper back, wings and tail; a white belly; and dark legs. Juveniles older than six months have a mottled appearance especially on the head and neck where the iridescence is partly developed; dark-brown outer primaries; white inner primaries that forms a shoulder patch when the wings are closed; a heavy beak identical in size to adults but still straighter; and dark to pale-pink legs. Like most storks, the black-necked stork flies with the neck outstretched, not retracted like a
325:
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31:
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and begin to show aggression towards the chicks after they are about 3 or 4 months old. The young birds may stay on nearby for about a year but disperse soon. Typically one to three chicks fledge from successful nests, but up to five chicks fledge in years with high rainfall. The number of stork pairs that succeed in raising chicks, and the average size of fledged broods, are strongly related to monsoonal and post-monsoon rainfall, improving in years with more rainfall.
234:
112:
737:
87:
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583:, swamps, rivers and water meadows. Freshwater, artificial wetland habitats used by these storks include flooded fallow and paddy fields, wet wheat fields, irrigation storage ponds and canals, sewage ponds, and dry floodplains. Small numbers are also seen in Indian coastal wetland habitats, including in mangrove creeks and marshes. In cultivated areas, they prefer natural
680:. When disturbed, they may stretch out their necks. Their drinking behaviour involves bending down with open bill and scooping up water with a forward motion followed by raising the bill to swallow water. They sometimes carry water in their bill to chicks at the nest or even during nest building or egg stages.
517:
central lowland Nepal. It extends into
Southeast Asia, through New Guinea and into the northern half of Australia. Compared to other large waterbirds like cranes, spoonbills and other species of storks, black-necked storks are least abundant in locations that have a high diversity of large waterbird species.
784:
who corresponded with
Bartlett was well aware of this and used it as one of the examples of sexual dimorphism among birds. John Gould in his handbook to the birds of Australia noted that the meat of the bird "... has a fishy flavour, too over-powerful to admit of its being eaten by any one but a
516:
In India, the species is widespread in the west, central highlands, and northern
Gangetic plains extending east into the Assam valley, but rare in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. This distinctive stork is an occasional straggler in southern and eastern Pakistan, and is a confirmed breeding species in
672:
buried under sand (presumably by moistness of the freshly covered nest) and prey on the eggs of the turtle. In
Australia, they sometimes forage at night feeding on emerging nestlings of marine turtles. Stomach content analyses of nine storks in Australia showed their diet to contain crabs, molluscs,
626:
Adult birds take turns at the nest and when one returns to relieve the other, they perform a greeting display with open wings and an up and down movement of the head. Food is brought for the young chicks by the adults and regurgitated onto the nest platform. Adults stop feeding the young at the nest
441:
region. This recommendation was based on the disjunct distributions and differences in the iridescent colouration of the neck which the authors suggested might reflect different behavioural displays. This recommendation has not been followed and a subsequent study did not find consistent differences
714:
The black-necked stork is widely scattered and nowhere found in high densities, making it difficult for populations to be reliably estimated. The Sri Lankan population has been estimated to be about 50 birds while the species has become very rare in
Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. They may be
603:
This large stork has a dance-like display. A pair stalk up to each other face to face, extending their wings and fluttering the wing tips rapidly and advancing their heads until they meet. They then clatter their bills and walk away. The display lasts for a minute and may be repeated several times.
556:
The largest known breeding population occurs in the largely agricultural landscape of south-western Uttar
Pradesh in India. Densities of about 0.099 birds per square kilometre have been estimated in this region made up of a mosaic of cultivated fields and wetlands. About six pairs were found to use
719:
region. The combined South and South-east Asian population is placed at less than 1000 birds. A 2011 study found the population in south-western Uttar
Pradesh to be stable, although population growth rates may decline with an increase in the number of dry years or land use changes that permanently
683:
Like other storks, they are quite mute except at nest where they make bill-clattering sounds. The sounds produced are of a low-pitch and resonant and ends with a short sigh. Juveniles fledged from the nests can occasionally call using a mildly-warbling, high-pitched series of whistles, accompanied
634:
sometimes failing to nest due to the vultures. While many wetland birds are flushed by birds of prey, these storks are not usually intimidated and can be quite aggressive to other large water-birds such as herons and cranes. Adults aggressively defend small depressions of deep water against egrets
492:
and tail; a coppery-brown crown; a bright white back and belly; bill black with a slightly concave upper edge; and bright red legs. The sexes are identical but the adult female has a yellow iris while the adult male has it brown. Juveniles younger than six months have a brownish iris; a distinctly
479:
The black-necked stork is a large bird, 129–150 cm (51–59 in) tall having a 230-centimetre (91 in) wingspan. The only published weight for this species was a single specimen at 4,100 g (9.0 lb), but this is nearly 35% less than the mean body mass of the closely related and
607:
Nest building in India commences during the peak of the monsoon with most of the nests initiated during
September – November, with few new nests built afterwards until January. They nest on large trees, sometimes isolated in large marshes, or in agricultural landscapes, on which they build a
768:
describes the origin of the bill of the "jabiru" from a spear that went through the head of a bird. The Binbinga people often consider the meat of the bird as taboo and eating its meat would cause an unborn child to cause the death of its mother. The jabiru is known as "karinji" and is the
687:
Black-necked storks are largely non-social and are usually seen as single birds, pairs and family groups. Flocks of up to 15 storks have been observed in Australia and India, and these possibly form due to local habitat conditions such as drying out of wetlands.
552:
region of the Northern Territory, with overall numbers during surveys being low in all seasons. A combination of aerial surveys and ground counts in the middle Fly River floodplain, Papua New Guinea estimated 317 (December 1994) and 249 (April 1995) storks.
1871:
Gadhavi, Mayurdan; Kukadi, Devanshi; Gokulakannan, N.; Dar, Shahid; Talukdar, Gautam; Sivakumar, K.; G.V., Gopi (2017). "Records of Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus from the coastal areas of the Kutch district of Gujarat, India".
1550:
Ghimire, Prashant; Khanal, Chiranjeevi; Bist, Bhuwan Singh; Panthee, Shristee; Sharma, Basanta; Ghimire, Manshanta; Poudyal, Laxman Prasad (2017). "Recent records of Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in Nepal".
756:, India had a ritual practice that required a young man to capture a black-necked stork "Loha Sarang" alive before he could marry. A procession would locate a bird and the bridegroom-to-be would try to catch the bird with a
684:
with open, quivering wings. These calls and behaviour are directed at adult birds and are a display to solicit food, particularly in drought years when younger birds are apparently unable to find food on their own easily.
454:
was 2.1%, much greater than the genetic distances between individual storks of the same species. The conservative treatment as two subspecies has been followed in the Australian faunal list by Christidis and Boles.
301:
with a disjunct population in Australia. It lives in wetland habitats and near fields of certain crops such as rice and wheat where it forages for a wide range of animal prey. Adult birds of both sexes have a heavy
780:, the superintendent in charge of the collection at the Zoological Society of London. The similarity in this aspect with the African saddle-billed stork was noted by Bartlett and commented on by J. H. Gurney.
760:
stick. The cornered bird was a ferocious adversary. The ritual was stopped in the 1920s after a young man was killed in the process. Young birds have been known to be taken from the nest for meat in Assam.
2754:
Farah Ishtiaq, Sálim Javed, Malcolm C. Coulter, Asad R. Rahmani 2010 Resource Partitioning in Three Sympatric Species of Storks in Keoladeo National Park, India. Waterbirds 33(1):41–49
662:, and a range of aquatic vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates such as crabs and molluscs. They also prey on the eggs and hatchlings of turtles. In the
2050:
Sundar, K.S.G. (2011). "Agricultural intensification, rainfall patterns, and large waterbird breeding success in the extensively cultivated landscape of Uttar Pradesh, India".
1714:
Halse, S.A.; Pearson, G.B.; Jaensch, R.P.; Kulmoi, P.; Gregory, P.; Kay, W.R.; Storey, A.W. (1996). "Waterbird surveys of the middle Fly river floodplain, Papua New Guinea".
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1601:
Morton, S.R.; Brennan, K.G.; Armstrong, M.D. (1993). "Distribution and abundance of Brolgas and Black-necked Storks in the Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory".
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2009:
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area and the New South Wales border, with some records as far south as the north-west plains of New South Wales, along the coast of Sydney and formerly bred near the
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were both erected at the same time, and as first revisor, Kahl selected the latter as the valid genus for the two species. This and the saddle-billed stork
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316:
although that name refers to a stork species found in the Americas. It is one of the few storks that are strongly territorial when feeding and breeding.
2542:
3363:
3402:
1579:
Jaiswal, Kailash; Kittur, Swati; Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2019). "Confirmed nesting of Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in lowland Nepal".
880:
2814:
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Latham, 1790) in Dudwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh. PhD thesis, Centre of Wildlife and Ornithology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
1318:
Sundar, K.S.G.; Clancy, G.P.; Shah, N. (2006). "Factors affecting formation of flocks of unusual size and composition in Black-necked Storks (
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in his 1931 work treated them as subspecies. In 1989, McAllan and Bruce again suggested the elevation of the two subspecies into two species:
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2797:
484:. Therefore, this specimen of black-necked stork could have been at the low end of sizes attainable or perhaps somewhat malnourished. The
521:
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patterns are conspicuous with younger birds differing from adults. Adults have a glossy bluish-black iridescent head, neck, secondary
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in the colour of the iris with females sporting yellow irises and males having dark-coloured irises. In Australia, it is known as a
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to forage in, though flooded rice paddies are preferentially used during the monsoon, likely due to excessive flooding of
548:. It is rare along the south-east extremity of its range, but common throughout the north. An estimated 1800 occur in the
529:
3254:
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1655:
1090:
Wood, D.S. (1984). "Concordance between classifications of the Ciconiidae based on behavioral and morphological data".
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are usually on trees located in secluded parts of large marshes or in cultivated fields as in India and lowland Nepal.
497:. In flight it appears spindly and a black bar running through the white wings (the somewhat similar looking migratory
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3249:
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mitochondrial sequences however showed significant genetic divergence. The genetic distance of a stork presumed to be
337:
223:
3267:
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At the nest trees, which are typically tall with large boles and a wide-canopy, the birds in Bharatpur competed with
1459:
1971:
Breeden, S.; Breeden, B. (1982). "The drought of 1979-1980 at the Keoladeo Ghana Sanctuary, Bharatpur, Rajasthan".
329:
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whistle of 10-12 notes with a ventriloquistic quality. Juveniles at nest also peep continuously to solicit food.
368:
3539:
2997:
888:
525:
363:. This placement of both the black-necked stork and saddle-billed stork in the same genus was later supported by
1852:
Round, P.D.; Amget, B.; Jintanugol, J.; Treesucon, U. (1988). "A summary of the larger waterbirds in Thailand".
943:
406:
2558:
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639:, Australia), and drying wetland patches against waterbirds such as spoonbills and woolly-necked storks (at
68:
2740:
Maheswaran, G. and Rahmani, A. R. (2002) Foraging behaviour and feeding success of the black-necked stork (
2172:"Effects of water level changes and wading bird abundance on the foraging behaviour of Black-necked storks
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3189:
2722:
1400:
1363:
1191:
659:
558:
2128:
Dorfman, E.J.; Lamont, A.; Dickman, C.R. (2001). "Foraging behaviour and success of Black-necked Storks (
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1038:"Comparative ethology of the Ciconiidae. Part 6. The Black-necked, Saddlebill and Jabiru Storks (genera,
3493:
3480:
1810:
Santiapillai, C.; Dissanayake, S.R.B.; Alagoda, T.S.B. (1997). "Observations on the Black-necked Stork (
206:
1174:
528:, Western Australia, across northern Australia to north-east New South Wales. It extends inland in the
324:
55:
30:
2705:
1208:
830:
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865:
Elliott, A. (1992). "Family Ciconiidae (Storks)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
777:
640:
636:
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Maheshwaran G, Rahmani AR (2008). "Foraging technique and prey-handling time in black-necked stork (
3241:
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2907:
2441:
Comway, M. (1991). "Notes on the behaviour and food-begging calls of a juvenile Black-necked Stork
481:
360:
294:
76:
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2404:"Nocturnal Foraging by the Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus on Sea Turtle Hatchlings"
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based on morphology. Based on behavioural similarities, Kahl suggested the placement of the
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2366:. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
2078:
1005:
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2403:
1786:"First ever breeding record of Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus from Bihar"
807:
3037:
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2943:
2877:
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1945:
781:
677:
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The largest population of this species occurs in Australia, where it is found from the
468:
298:
1633:"Effectiveness of road transects and wetland visits for surveying Black-necked Storks
568:. It is exceedingly rare, and possibly no longer breeding in Bangladesh and Thailand.
3528:
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3160:
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2775:
2248:
1284:
816:
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663:
96:
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1111:
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1674:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 1. Ratites to Ducks
651:
463:
443:
372:
3316:
2329:
Whiting, S.D.; Guinea, M.L. (1999). "Nocturnal foraging by the Black-necked Stork
564:
In Sri Lanka, the species is a rare breeding resident, with 4–8 breeding pairs in
504:
2274:
Kannan, R. 1986. Black-necked storks feeding on a darter, Blackbuck, 2(3): 33-34.
2063:
575:. They frequently use freshwater, natural wetland habitats such as lakes, ponds,
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3221:
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3057:
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2225:
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1949:
1899:
1749:
1509:
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The black-necked stork is a carnivore and its diet includes water-birds such as
498:
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989:
968:
745:
692:
580:
438:
394:
390:
are the only stork species that show marked sexual dimorphism in iris colour.
3212:
2427:
1687:
Bell, H.L. (1963). "Distribution of the Jabiru in south-eastern Australia".
700:
592:
561:. One breeding pair has been observed in Bhagalpur district, western Bihar.
434:
364:
123:
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2519:
2202:
1150:
1129:
1176:
Comptes Rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris
1159:
571:
Black-necked storks forage in a variety of natural and artificial wetland
3446:
3206:
2888:
757:
143:
1997:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 104–105.
1900:"An instance of mortality and notes on behaviour of Black-necked Storks
1833:
Khan, M.A.R. (1984). "Conservation of storks and ibises in Bangladesh".
3368:
3275:
2978:
2194:
1402:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume 6
1130:"Phylogeny of the avian family Ciconiidae (Storks) based on cytochrome
1103:
1076:
716:
691:
The black-necked stork is the type-host for a species of ectoparasitic
584:
572:
485:
349:
2744:) in Dudwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India. J. Zool. 258: 189–195.
2677:
Gurney, J.H. (1865). "A seventh additional list of birds from Natal".
1727:
1614:
1193:
Hand-list of Genera and Species of Birds in the British Museum. Part 3
3262:
3115:
2419:
2346:
1700:
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has an all black wing) with black neck and tail make it distinctive.
312:
133:
3381:
3342:
3183:
2145:
1335:
1068:
2747:
Maheswaran, G. (1998) Ecology and behaviour of Black-necked Stork (
2008:
Sundar, K.S.G.; Deomurari, A.; Bhatia, Y.; Narayanan, S.P. (2007).
1934:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). R H Porter, London. pp. 265–268.
1537:
Birds of Pakistan. Volume 1. Regional studies and non-passeriformes
776:
The difference in iris colour among the sexes was noted in 1865 by
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770:
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735:
576:
503:
494:
462:
353:
323:
286:
173:
163:
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2494:
Wahid, S. (1962). "On a new trematode from a black-necked stork,
647:
588:
303:
282:
153:
3187:
2833:
1784:
Choudhary, D.N.; Mandal, J.N.; Mishra, A.; Ghosh, T.K. (2010).
1010:. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. pp.
1388:. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. pp. 63–64.
973:
in an agriculture-dominated landscape in Uttar Pradesh, India"
801:
799:
797:
1405:(2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 326–327.
1368:(4th ed.). Gurney and Jackson, London. pp. 502–503.
1748:
Ishtiaq F.; Rahmani, A.R.; Coulter, M.C.; Javed, S. (2004).
676:
They sometimes soar in the heat of the day or rest on their
2362:
Ecology, conservation and management of Black-necked Stork
2104:"Aggressive behaviour of Blacknecked Storks towards Cranes"
1179:. Vol. 40. Paris : Gauthier-Villars. p. 721.
306:
and are patterned in white and irridescent blacks, but the
2379:
Sundar, K.S.G (2011). "Farmland foods: Black-necked Stork
2829:
1510:"Distribution and nesting sites of the Blacknecked Stork
925:"Notes on the breeding biology of the Black-necked Stork
1416:
Rahmani, A.R. (1989). "Status of the Black-necked Stork
748:, probably based on a bird in the menagerie at Calcutta
2470:(Phthiraptera-Ischnocera) parasitic on the Ciconiidae"
429:
or the green-necked stork of the Oriental region, and
1539:. Oxford University Press, Karachi. pp. 104–105.
869:. Vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. p. 463.
2727:. Vol. 2. Published by the author. p. 293.
2294:
depredating eggs of the three-striped roofed turtle
2102:
Banerjee,D.P.; Bavdekar,S.P.; Paralkar,V.K. (1990).
1439:
Maheswaran G.; Rahmani, A.R.; Coulter, M.C. (2004).
3196:
3129:
3106:
3071:
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2941:
2886:
2707:
The descent of man and selection in relation to sex
969:"Group size and habitat use by Black-necked Storks
1750:"Nest-site characteristics of Black-necked Stork (
421:. This treatment was carried on into later works.
2165:
2163:
1478:"On the occurrence of the Blacknecked Stork [
831:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697702A93631316.en
2710:. Vol. 2. John Murray, London. p. 129.
1134:sequences and DNA – DNA hybridisation distances"
536:; in the Northern Territory to Hooker Creek and
2543:"Causes of mortality in the Black-necked Stork
1626:
1624:
1386:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
1267:Hancock, J.; Kushlan, J.A.; Kahl, M.P. (1992).
2132:) in Australia: implications for management".
2123:
2121:
1758:) in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India"
1503:
1501:
1499:
1227:Check-list of the birds of the World. Volume 1
1210:A hand-list of the genera and species of birds
3255:Ephippiorhynchus_(Ephippiorhynchus)_asiaticus
2845:
2257:in Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur, India)"
2045:
2043:
2041:
1973:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
752:The Mir Shikars, traditional bird hunters of
666:valley they were observed to locate nests of
344:, this species was later placed in the genus
8:
1286:Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds
1243:The birds of New South Wales. A working list
1123:
1121:
359:, which then included a single species, the
1995:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1814:) in the Ruhuna National Park, Sri Lanka".
1357:
1355:
1353:
3184:
2852:
2838:
2830:
2383:prey items in an agricultural landscape".
1269:Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World
1262:
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1254:
1252:
962:
960:
958:
956:
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619:call. Another call is a low high-pitched
232:
85:
54:
29:
20:
3570:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)
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1313:
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988:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
829:
2659:The northern tribes of central Australia
1384:Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005).
1290:. CSIRO Publishing, Australia. pp.
929:in Etawah and Mainpuri districts, India"
773:of a group known as the Karinji people.
2170:Maheshwaran, G.; Rahmani, A.R. (2001).
1923:
1921:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
793:
2249:"Feeding association of Marsh Harrier
1988:
1986:
1441:"Recent records of Black-necked Stork
1379:
1377:
1375:
1230:. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
413:in 1855 and placed two species in it,
3535:IUCN Red List near threatened species
2662:. Macmillan and co, London. pp.
1779:
1777:
1775:
1676:. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
1672:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J. (eds.).
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1241:McAllan, I.A.W.; Bruce, M.D. (1989).
1138:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2545:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus australis
2402:Whiting, S.D.; Guinea, M.L. (1999).
2014:breeding pairs fledging four chicks"
1282:Christidis, L.; Boles, W.E. (2008).
448:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus
3176:Twenty extant species in six genera
2633:. Australian Museum. Archived from
2601:Barman, R.; Talukdar, B.K. (1996).
2477:Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol
1482:(Latham)] in the Bombay Konkan"
817:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
405:of south New Guinea and Australia.
2724:Handbook to the birds of Australia
2691:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1865.tb05772.x
2656:Spencer, B.; Gillen, F.J. (1904).
2572:Grubh, B.R.; Shekar, P.B. (1968).
1931:The nests and eggs of Indian birds
867:Handbook of the Birds of the World
635:and herons (at Malabanjbanjdju in
540:; and in Queensland inland to the
14:
2578:) and the marriage of Mirshikars"
2284:Chauhan, R.; Andrews, H. (2006).
1508:Sundar, K.S.G.; Kaur, J. (2001).
433:or the black-necked stork of the
2776:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00101.x
1365:Popular handbook of Indian birds
1245:. Biocon Research Group, Sydney.
1007:Check-list of birds of the world
557:the 29 square kilometres of the
442:in the colours. Analysis of the
110:
2798:Birds in my backyard, Australia
2464:Kumar P.; Tandan, B.K. (1971).
2079:"Black-necked Stork endangered"
2010:"Records of Black-necked Stork
977:Bird Conservation International
806:BirdLife International (2016).
699:and a species of endoparasitic
450:from a confirmed individual of
281:) is a tall long-necked wading
2603:"Nesting of Blacknecked Stork
2226:"Storks preying on live birds"
2176:in Dudwa National Park, India"
1993:Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1978).
1213:. British Museum. p. 191.
467:Adult female in flight at the
1:
1420:in the Indian subcontinent".
1196:. British Museum. p. 35.
881:"Black-necked stork (jabiru)"
740:A painting of a sub-adult by
615:sound followed by a repeated
388:Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
2551:Australian Field Ornithology
2064:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.012
1190:Gray, George Robert (1871).
764:In Australia, an aboriginal
632:Indian white-backed vultures
3008:African woolly-necked stork
2612:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2583:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2333:on sea turtle hatchlings".
2084:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1754:) and Woolly-necked Stork (
1322:) in Australia and India".
611:Fledged young birds make a
401:of the Oriental region and
3586:
3512:Ephippiorhynchus-asiaticus
3268:ephippiorhynchus-asiaticus
3242:Ephippiorhynchus_asiaticus
3228:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
3198:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2825:BirdLife Species Factsheet
2803:New South Wales, Australia
2760:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2749:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2605:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2381:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2364:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2331:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2288:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2255:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2174:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2130:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
2012:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1902:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1812:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1752:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1635:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1512:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1443:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1418:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
1320:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
971:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
927:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
810:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
621:peeeeeu-peeeeu-peeeeu-peeu
367:and behavioural data, and
278:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
216:Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus
3174:
2998:Asian woolly-necked stork
2867:
2742:Ephippiorhychus asiaticus
2512:10.1017/S0022149X00022495
2408:Emu - Austral Ornithology
2311:(174–175). Archived from
2027:: 161–163. Archived from
1458:: 112–116. Archived from
990:10.1017/S0959270904000358
643:, Uttar Pradesh, India).
247:
240:
231:
212:
205:
107:Scientific classification
105:
83:
74:
62:
53:
37:
28:
23:
2253:and Black-necked Storks
2230:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2108:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1954:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1950:"Nidification of storks"
1908:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1762:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1518:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1486:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1173:Bonaparte, C.L. (1855).
824:: e.T22697702A93631316.
512:Distribution and habitat
407:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
320:Taxonomy and systematics
3565:Birds described in 1790
3560:Birds of Southeast Asia
2557:: 65–75. Archived from
2447:Australian Bird Watcher
2052:Biological Conservation
1898:Sundar, K.S.G. (2005).
1654:: 27–32. Archived from
1631:Sundar, K.S.G. (2004).
1362:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
967:Sundar, K.S.G. (2004).
942:: 15–20. Archived from
923:Sundar, K.S.G. (2003).
710:Status and conservation
69:Kaziranga National Park
2808:26 August 2010 at the
2576:Xenorhynchus asiaticus
2496:Xenorhynchus asiaticus
2443:Xenorhynchus asiaticus
1535:Roberts, T.J. (1991).
1480:Xenorhynchus asiaticus
1399:Baker, E.C.S. (1929).
1151:10.1006/mpev.1997.0431
1092:Journal of Ornithology
749:
660:pheasant-tailed jacana
579:, flooded grasslands,
559:Keoladeo National Park
508:
476:
333:
259:Xenorhynchus asiaticus
3494:Paleobiology Database
3481:Paleobiology Database
2607:in Panidihing, Assam"
2541:Clancy, G.P. (2010).
2360:Clancy, G.P. (2009).
2224:Panday, J.D. (1974).
1476:Abdulali, H. (1967).
1224:Peters, J.L. (1931).
1004:Peters, J.L. (1931).
885:parksaustralia.gov.au
739:
599:Behaviour and ecology
507:
466:
369:DNA-DNA hybridisation
327:
2631:"Emu and the Jabiru"
2574:"Blacknecked Stork (
2286:"Black-necked Stork
1207:Sharpe, R B (1899).
704:Dissurus xenorhynchi
641:Dudhwa National Park
637:Kakadu National Park
566:Ruhuna National Park
3550:Birds of New Guinea
3093:Saddle-billed stork
2908:Yellow-billed stork
2764:Integrative Zoology
2704:Darwin, C. (1871).
2547:in New South Wales"
1928:Hume, A.O. (1890).
1661:on 11 October 2008.
1128:Slikas, B. (1997).
744:(c. 1780) made for
697:Ardeicola asiaticus
482:saddle-billed stork
361:saddle-billed stork
336:First described by
295:Indian Subcontinent
77:Conservation status
24:Black-necked stork
3545:Birds of Australia
3307:black-necked-stork
3302:BirdLife-Australia
3083:Black-necked stork
2721:Gould, J. (1865).
2251:Circus aeruginosus
2247:Verma, A. (2003).
2195:10.1007/BF02703747
1104:10.1007/BF01652936
1036:Kahl,M.P. (1973).
785:hungry explorer."
750:
742:Shaikh Zayn-al-Din
656:northern shoveller
509:
477:
473:Northern Territory
409:erected the genus
334:
273:black-necked stork
48:Northern Territory
3522:
3521:
3468:Open Tree of Life
3190:Taxon identifiers
3181:
3180:
2815:Images and videos
2318:on 11 March 2012.
2263:. 109–110: 47–50.
2077:Baral,HS (1995).
2058:(12): 3055–3063.
1756:Ciconia episcopus
1728:10.1071/wr9960557
1716:Wildlife Research
1637:and Sarus Cranes
1615:10.1071/MU9930088
1465:on 11 March 2012.
1271:. Academic Press.
891:on 9 January 2024
532:area to south of
378:data. The genera
342:Mycteria asiatica
269:
268:
263:
255:
251:Mycteria asiatica
198:E. asiaticus
100:
3577:
3540:Ephippiorhynchus
3515:
3514:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3488:
3476:
3475:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3384:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3358:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3284:
3283:
3281:27A758E6CD5417DE
3271:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3185:
3151:Greater adjutant
3074:Ephippiorhynchus
2963:African openbill
2854:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2787:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2637:on 14 April 2010
2627:
2621:
2620:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2561:on 1 March 2011.
2538:
2532:
2531:
2506:(1–2): 211–214.
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2466:"The species of
2461:
2455:
2454:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2420:10.1071/MU99017B
2399:
2393:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2347:10.1071/MU99017B
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2302:
2296:Kachuga dhongoka
2290:and Sarus Crane
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2180:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2034:on 10 June 2011.
2033:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1882:
1881:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1701:10.1071/MU963201
1684:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1561:
1560:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1494:
1493:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1289:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1054:
1044:Ephippiorhynchus
1033:
1016:
1015:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
964:
951:
950:
949:on 10 June 2011.
948:
933:
920:
901:
900:
898:
896:
887:. Archived from
877:
871:
870:
862:
843:
842:
840:
838:
833:
803:
669:Kachuga dhongoka
550:Alligator Rivers
546:Shoalhaven River
423:James Lee Peters
384:Ephippiorhynchus
357:Ephippiorhynchus
291:resident species
289:family. It is a
261:
253:
236:
218:
185:Ephippiorhynchus
115:
114:
94:
89:
88:
58:
33:
21:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3492:
3484:
3479:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3445:
3442:Observation.org
3440:
3432:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3388:
3380:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3354:
3349:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3305:
3300:
3292:
3287:
3279:
3274:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3240:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3141:Lesser adjutant
3125:
3102:
3097:E. senegalensis
3067:
2972:
2967:A. lamelligerus
2937:
2922:M. leucocephala
2882:
2878:List of species
2863:
2858:
2810:Wayback Machine
2794:
2757:
2737:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2703:
2702:
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2676:
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2269:
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2223:
2222:
2218:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2146:10.1071/MU00008
2127:
2126:
2119:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2031:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1944:
1943:
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1534:
1533:
1529:
1507:
1506:
1497:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1336:10.1071/MU05014
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
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1240:
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1235:
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1218:
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1188:
1184:
1172:
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1089:
1088:
1084:
1069:10.2307/1366532
1052:
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1019:
1003:
1002:
998:
966:
965:
954:
946:
931:
922:
921:
904:
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892:
879:
878:
874:
864:
863:
846:
836:
834:
805:
804:
795:
791:
734:
722:near threatened
715:extinct in the
712:
601:
522:Ashburton River
514:
490:flight feathers
461:
452:E. a. australis
403:E. a. australis
399:E. a. asiaticus
397:are recognized
322:
227:
220:
214:
201:
109:
101:
92:Near Threatened
90:
86:
79:
65:E. a. asiaticus
40:E. a. australis
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Birds of India
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3490:
3477:
3464:
3451:
3438:
3425:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3321:
3311:
3298:
3285:
3272:
3259:
3246:
3233:
3218:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3137:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3045:
3038:Oriental stork
3035:
3025:
3015:
3012:C. microscelis
3005:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2953:Asian openbill
2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2881:
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2868:
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2864:
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2857:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2800:
2793:
2792:External links
2790:
2789:
2788:
2770:(4): 274–279.
2755:
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2745:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2713:
2696:
2685:(3): 263–276.
2669:
2648:
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2456:
2433:
2414:(2): 145–147.
2394:
2371:
2352:
2341:(2): 145–147.
2321:
2276:
2267:
2239:
2216:
2189:(3): 373–382.
2159:
2140:(2): 145–149.
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1771:
1733:
1722:(5): 557–569.
1706:
1695:(3): 201–206.
1679:
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1559:(2017): 59–60.
1542:
1527:
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1431:
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1371:
1349:
1330:(3): 253–258.
1307:
1301:978-0643065116
1300:
1274:
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1182:
1165:
1144:(3): 275–300.
1117:
1082:
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996:
983:(4): 323–334.
952:
902:
872:
844:
792:
790:
787:
782:Charles Darwin
733:
730:
711:
708:
600:
597:
513:
510:
480:similar sized
469:McArthur River
460:
457:
321:
318:
299:Southeast Asia
267:
266:
265:
264:
262:(Latham, 1790)
256:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3582:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3173:
3166:
3165:L. crumenifer
3162:
3161:Marabou stork
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3028:Maguari stork
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:Storm's stork
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2988:Abdim's stork
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:Painted stork
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:Ciconiiformes
2870:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2735:Other sources
2734:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2500:J. Helminthol
2497:
2490:
2487:
2483:(2): 119–158.
2482:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:Grus antigone
2289:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1960:(2): 579–581.
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1639:Grus antigone
1636:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1524:(2): 276–278.
1523:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1000:
997:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
972:
963:
961:
959:
957:
953:
945:
941:
937:
930:
928:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
903:
890:
886:
882:
876:
873:
868:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
845:
832:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
811:
802:
800:
798:
794:
788:
786:
783:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:creation myth
762:
759:
755:
747:
743:
738:
731:
729:
727:
726:IUCN Red List
723:
718:
709:
707:
705:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
679:
674:
671:
670:
665:
664:Chambal River
661:
657:
653:
652:little grebes
649:
644:
642:
638:
633:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
511:
506:
502:
500:
496:
491:
487:
483:
475:of Australia
474:
470:
465:
458:
456:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
326:
319:
317:
315:
314:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
260:
257:
252:
249:
248:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
225:
219:
217:
211:
208:
207:Binomial name
204:
200:
199:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:Ciconiiformes
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
104:
98:
93:
82:
78:
73:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3197:
3164:
3154:
3145:L. javanicus
3144:
3130:
3119:
3107:
3096:
3087:E. asiaticus
3086:
3082:
3072:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3011:
3002:C. episcopus
3001:
2991:
2977:
2966:
2956:
2942:
2932:M. americana
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2887:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2748:
2741:
2723:
2716:
2706:
2699:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2658:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2635:the original
2625:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2567:
2559:the original
2554:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2313:the original
2308:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2270:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2072:
2055:
2051:
2029:the original
2024:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1994:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1940:
1930:
1914:(1): 99–101.
1911:
1907:
1901:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1793:Indian Birds
1792:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1656:the original
1651:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1609:(2): 88–92.
1606:
1602:
1584:
1580:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1460:the original
1455:
1451:
1442:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1364:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1285:
1277:
1268:
1242:
1236:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1202:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1168:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1098:(1): 25–37.
1095:
1091:
1085:
1063:(1): 17–27.
1060:
1056:
1047:
1043:
1040:Xenorhynchus
1039:
1006:
999:
980:
976:
970:
944:the original
939:
935:
926:
893:. Retrieved
889:the original
884:
875:
866:
835:. Retrieved
821:
815:
809:
778:A D Bartlett
775:
763:
751:
713:
703:
696:
695:bird louse,
690:
686:
682:
675:
667:
645:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
570:
563:
555:
519:
515:
478:
451:
447:
444:cytochrome b
431:E. australis
430:
427:E. asiaticus
426:
419:X. australis
418:
414:
411:Xenorhynchus
410:
402:
398:
392:
387:
383:
380:Xenorhynchus
379:
374:
365:osteological
356:
346:Xenorhynchus
345:
341:
335:
311:
308:sexes differ
277:
276:
272:
270:
258:
254:Latham, 1790
250:
215:
213:
197:
196:
184:
64:
39:
18:
3377:iNaturalist
3222:Wikispecies
3132:Leptoptilos
3120:J. mycteria
3058:Black stork
3048:White stork
3042:C. boyciana
2957:A. oscitans
2898:Milky stork
2820:3D specimen
2091:(4): 74–75.
1799:(3): 80–82.
1768:(1): 90–95.
1581:BirdingASIA
1553:BirdingASIA
837:19 November
693:Ischnoceran
650:, darters,
617:wee-wee-wee
591:and ponds.
581:oxbow lakes
538:Daly Waters
534:Halls Creek
499:black stork
459:Description
439:New Guinean
373:cytochrome–
338:John Latham
293:across the
3529:Categories
3507:Xeno-canto
3052:C. ciconia
3032:C. maguari
2992:C. abdimii
2928:Wood stork
2902:M. cinerea
1946:McCann, C.
1880:: 135–137.
1854:Tigerpaper
1835:Tigerpaper
1816:Tigerpaper
789:References
746:Lady Impey
732:In culture
435:Australian
395:subspecies
174:Ciconiidae
44:Nightcliff
3155:L. dubius
3022:C. stormi
2944:Anastomus
2590:(3): 1–2.
2468:Ardeicola
2428:0158-4197
2391:: 98–100.
2236:(1): 141.
2183:J. Biosci
2114:(1): 140.
1641:in India"
1492:(2): 367.
1445:in India"
1428:: 99–110.
895:9 January
701:trematode
530:Kimberley
415:X. indica
332:Australia
192:Species:
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
3421:22697702
3395:10916082
3356:45517753
3294:22697702
3289:BirdLife
3207:Wikidata
3062:C. nigra
2889:Mycteria
2806:Archived
2784:21396077
2679:The Ibis
2619:(5): 95.
2528:36845003
2520:14004399
2453:(1): 29.
2385:Forktail
2305:Forktail
2211:23647616
2203:11568483
2154:82498317
2021:Forktail
1948:(1930).
1874:Forktail
1648:Forktail
1587:: 88–90.
1452:Forktail
1422:Forktail
1344:85338179
1112:32520110
936:Forktail
585:wetlands
573:habitats
328:Male in
242:Synonyms
170:Family:
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
97:IUCN 3.1
3460:1480298
3369:2481905
3343:blnsto1
3317:blnsto1
3276:Avibase
3213:Q998703
2979:Ciconia
2912:M. ibis
2871:Order:
2641:11 June
1979:: 1–37.
1822:: 7–11.
1160:9417889
1077:1366532
724:on the
717:Sundaic
577:marshes
524:, near
486:plumage
471:in the
352:in the
350:species
285:in the
226:, 1790)
180:Genus:
160:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
63:Female
3499:114651
3486:368312
3473:848607
3408:559928
3263:ARKive
3116:Jabiru
3108:Jabiru
2861:Storks
2782:
2666:, 614.
2526:
2518:
2426:
2261:Aquila
2209:
2201:
2152:
1860:: 1–9.
1841:: 2–4.
1342:
1298:
1294:–106.
1158:
1110:
1075:
1057:Condor
1048:Jabiru
542:Boulia
526:Onslow
330:Darwin
313:jabiru
224:Latham
3447:73550
3434:52783
3390:IRMNG
3338:eBird
3330:6FPMD
3314:BOW:
2524:S2CID
2473:(PDF)
2316:(PDF)
2301:(PDF)
2207:S2CID
2179:(PDF)
2150:S2CID
2032:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1789:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1644:(PDF)
1463:(PDF)
1448:(PDF)
1340:S2CID
1108:S2CID
1073:JSTOR
1053:(PDF)
1014:–345.
947:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
771:totem
758:limed
754:Bihar
678:hocks
648:coots
613:chack
593:Nests
589:lakes
495:heron
354:genus
287:stork
38:Male
3455:OBIS
3429:NCBI
3416:IUCN
3403:ITIS
3382:4753
3364:GBIF
2780:PMID
2762:)".
2643:2010
2516:PMID
2424:ISSN
2199:PMID
1296:ISBN
1156:PMID
1046:and
897:2024
839:2021
822:2016
437:and
417:and
393:Two
382:and
371:and
304:bill
297:and
283:bird
271:The
154:Aves
3351:EoL
3325:CoL
3250:AFD
3237:ADW
2772:doi
2687:doi
2664:197
2508:doi
2498:".
2445:".
2416:doi
2343:doi
2335:Emu
2191:doi
2142:doi
2138:101
2134:Emu
2060:doi
2056:144
1912:102
1766:101
1724:doi
1697:doi
1689:Emu
1611:doi
1603:Emu
1332:doi
1328:106
1324:Emu
1292:105
1146:doi
1100:doi
1096:125
1065:doi
985:doi
826:doi
340:as
67:at
42:at
3531::
3509::
3496::
3483::
3470::
3457::
3444::
3431::
3418::
3405::
3392::
3379::
3366::
3353::
3340::
3327::
3304::
3291::
3278::
3265::
3252::
3239::
3224::
3209::
2778:.
2766:.
2681:.
2617:36
2615:.
2609:.
2586:.
2580:.
2555:27
2553:.
2549:.
2522:.
2514:.
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