286:
During the breeding season, bare patches under the wing turn blood-red. The head of some breeding adults gain a blueish tinge, or very rarely have a pink or bright red patch behind the neck. Some breeding adults also develop tufts of white feathers behind the neck, and rarely also get a yellowish colouration on the breast and back. Sexes are identical but juveniles are identifiable from adults in having greyish feathering on the neck and speckled brown-grey feathering on the wings and back. Like storks and spoonbills, it lacks a true voice-producing mechanism and is silent except for ventriloquistic grunts uttered by pairs at the nest.
31:
87:
62:
273:. It is the only native ibis species in its range that has an overall white plumage with a black neck and head. The down-curved beak and legs are also black. Though often referred to as a wetland species, the black-headed ibis forages in a range of natural and man-made habitats. This species of ibis nests only during the rainy season.
383:
and there is little difference in habitats used in different seasons. In more urban landscapes, black-headed Ibis abundance was positively associated with crop fields, wetlands and open areas. Open sewage lines are used more during the dry summers, and ibis increase the use of grazing lands during the monsoon.
377:
The black-headed ibis is very versatile being able to use a large variety of natural and man-made habitats. These include freshwater and salt-water marshes, lakes and ponds, as also rice fields, freshly ploughed crop fields, irrigation canals, riversides, reservoirs, urban lakes, open sewage gutters,
285:
species in south and south-east Asia, with adults measuring 65–76 cm in length. The white plumage is starkly contrasted against a conspicuous naked black neck and head, and black down-curved beak. Tails of adults bear light grey ornamental feathers that turn jet black during the breeding season.
382:
in India. In summer, they largely use and prefer natural marshes and fallow fields, but in the monsoon, spread out more evenly to also use a variety of agricultural fields. In landscapes that have more forests and rocky hills as in southern
Rajasthan, wetlands are the preferred habitats year-round
370:. The species is a widespread breeding bird in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar, and has declined considerably to few locations or breeding colonies in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The most rapid decline in recent times is suspected to be the population in
790:"Behavioural aspects and Activity budgeting of Black Headed Ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus and Red Naped Ibis, Pseudibis papillosa in Dighal (Potential IBA site), Jhajjar, Haryana, India"
493:
Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2006). "Flock size, density and habitat selection of four large waterbird species in an agricultural landscape in Uttar
Pradesh, India: implications for management".
386:
It nests in heronry colonies near wetlands. It builds a platform nest of sticks, lined with grass and threads. Old trees in cities are used for night roosting and for nesting.
582:
Moses, S.; Zöckler, C. (2015) Bird survey Report
Ayeyarwaddy Delta November – December 2015. Unpubl. Report for Fauna and Flora International. Fauna and Flora International.
1822:
1982:
1861:
664:"Population status, habitat preference, and nesting characteristics of black-headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus Latham, 1790 in southern Rajasthan, India"
564:
Kannan, V.; Manakadan, R.; Sykes, B. R. (2010). "Red patch on the hindneck of Black-headed Ibis
Threskiornis melanocephalus in breeding colonies in India".
378:
grazing lots, and garbage dumping sites. Ibis alter use of varied preferred foraging habitats by season in agricultural landscapes such as in south-western
850:
389:
The daily activity budget of Black-headed Ibis in a protected wetland showed ibises to spend the maximum time feeding (48%), followed by resting (23%).
1954:
1796:
1835:
767:"Can you nest where you roost? Waterbirds use different sites but similar cues to locate roosting and breeding sites in a small Indian city"
705:"How the Habitat Features Influence Black-Headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) in a Suburban Area? A Study from Mid-West Bengal, India"
1700:
363:
823:
2012:
2007:
1783:
843:
1673:
1840:
828:
744:"Roosting ecology of Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephala) in urban and rural areas of southern Rajasthan, India"
30:
86:
2002:
198:
1426:
1866:
836:
2017:
506:
1997:
1595:
1721:
1635:
1987:
1900:
1565:
1040:
987:
181:
663:
458:
435:
1770:
1713:
1682:
1437:
956:
1687:
1322:
995:
946:
51:
1143:
1555:
1153:
1085:
1075:
510:
339:
207:
81:
1905:
1827:
1887:
1853:
1744:
1605:
1575:
1251:
1005:
872:
819:
724:
685:
148:
1918:
1892:
1367:
1218:
1208:
868:
716:
675:
642:
502:
470:
430:
1726:
1992:
1874:
1585:
1400:
1297:
66:
967:
627:"Population status, habitat preference, and nesting characteristics of Black-headed Ibis
412:
1198:
1030:
262:
138:
1976:
1848:
1461:
421:
379:
71:
1945:
1749:
1332:
1173:
1108:
937:
158:
1736:
595:
Koli, V.K.; Yaseen, M.; Bhatnagar, C. (2013). "Population status of
Painted Stork
1788:
1809:
1667:
1357:
1228:
1189:
1163:
335:
39:
720:
680:
647:
626:
1913:
1274:
1133:
1124:
1066:
1050:
295:
282:
258:
1658:
766:
728:
704:
689:
1544:
1491:
1416:
1377:
1313:
1021:
864:
343:
315:
307:
98:
474:
765:
Mehta, Kanishka; Koli, Vijay K; Kittur, Swati; Sundar, K. S. Gopi (2024).
1939:
1879:
1652:
1348:
367:
347:
331:
319:
299:
118:
1959:
1801:
1708:
1530:
923:
918:
743:
514:
371:
351:
323:
789:
1695:
108:
1814:
1762:
1629:
459:"Records of the Oriental Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus in Japan"
1757:
1519:
907:
359:
355:
327:
311:
303:
270:
266:
43:
1775:
888:
860:
254:
250:
128:
1633:
1487:
884:
832:
703:
Barik, Souvik; Saha, Goutam Kumar; Mazumdar, Subhendu (2022).
533:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks
406:
404:
402:
742:
Koli, Vijay K; Chaudhary, Sunil; Sundar, K. S. Gopi (2019).
507:
10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[365:FSDAHS]2.0.CO;2
294:
Black-headed ibis are native to the following countries:
1929:
1642:
1542:
1518:
1451:
1414:
1391:
1346:
1311:
1288:
1265:
1242:
1187:
1122:
1099:
1064:
1019:
935:
906:
549:Hancock, J.A.; Kushlan, J.A.; Kahl, M.P. (1992).
436:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697516A93618317.en
531:del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (1992).
281:The black-headed ibis is one of several large
844:
535:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 472–506.
257:family Threskiornithidae which breeds in the
8:
662:Chaudhury, Sunil; Koli, Vijay Kumar (2018).
620:
618:
1630:
1524:
1515:
1484:
912:
903:
881:
851:
837:
829:
631:Latham, 1790 in southern Rajasthan, India"
551:Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World
60:
29:
20:
679:
646:
553:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
434:
398:
1983:IUCN Red List near threatened species
794:Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
709:Proceedings of the Zoological Society
7:
668:Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
635:Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
590:
588:
544:
542:
526:
524:
488:
486:
484:
788:Soni, Anjali; Rana, Sarita (2023).
422:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
354:. They are migratory or vagrant in
625:Chaudhury, S.; Koli, V.K. (2018).
14:
364:Lao People's Democratic Republic
85:
38:Wild individual photographed at
814:Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp;
603:in southern Rajasthan, India".
463:Japanese Journal of Ornithology
411:BirdLife International (2016).
269:to the west and as far east as
1:
893:subfamily: Threskiornithinae
1919:Threskiornis-melanocephalus
1701:threskiornis-melanocephalus
1688:Threskiornis_melanocephalus
1674:Threskiornis melanocephalus
1644:Threskiornis melanocephalus
629:Threskiornis melanocephalus
601:Threskiornis melanocephalus
415:Threskiornis melanocephalus
234:Threskiornis melanocephalus
191:Threskiornis melanocephalus
2034:
721:10.1007/s12595-021-00385-3
681:10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.013
648:10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.013
1527:
1514:
1483:
915:
902:
880:
249:, is a species of wading
213:
206:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
1427:Moloka'i flightless ibis
429:: e.T22697516A93618317.
290:Distribution and habitat
2013:Birds described in 1790
2008:Birds of Southeast Asia
1931:Tantalus melanocephalus
1596:Yellow-billed spoonbill
859:Traditional listing of
216:Tantalus melanocephalus
994:) and supporting page
599:and Black-headed Ibis
475:10.3838/jjo1915.34.127
173:T. melanocephalus
1901:Paleobiology Database
1566:Black-faced spoonbill
1041:White-shouldered ibis
988:Australian white ibis
597:Mycteria leucocephala
457:Itoh, Shingi (1986).
237:), also known as the
1438:Maui flightless ibis
1000:T. moluccus pygmaeus
957:Malagasy sacred ibis
922:(prefix † indicates
1323:American white ibis
996:Solomons white ibis
947:African sacred ibis
239:Oriental white ibis
52:Conservation status
2003:Birds of Sri Lanka
1556:Eurasian spoonbill
1154:Spot-breasted ibis
1086:Southern bald ibis
1076:Northern bald ibis
340:Russian Federation
24:Black-headed ibis
1970:
1969:
1888:Open Tree of Life
1636:Taxon identifiers
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1606:Roseate spoonbill
1576:African spoonbill
1538:
1537:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1252:Sharp-tailed ibis
1006:Straw-necked ibis
982:T. melanocephalus
978:Black-headed ibis
931:
930:
873:Threskiornithidae
247:black-necked ibis
243:Indian white ibis
229:black-headed ibis
225:
224:
220:
149:Threskiornithidae
75:
2025:
2018:Birds of Myanmar
1963:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1818:
1817:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1714:423DDA5A79107C43
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1631:
1525:
1516:
1485:
1368:White-faced ibis
1219:Black-faced ibis
1209:Buff-necked ibis
913:
904:
882:
853:
846:
839:
830:
802:
801:
785:
779:
778:
771:Urban Ecosystems
762:
756:
755:
739:
733:
732:
700:
694:
693:
683:
659:
653:
652:
650:
622:
613:
612:
592:
583:
580:
574:
573:
561:
555:
554:
546:
537:
536:
528:
519:
518:
490:
479:
478:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
438:
408:
218:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
33:
21:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2022:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1875:Observation.org
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1638:
1628:
1615:
1586:Royal spoonbill
1548:
1534:
1510:
1471:
1447:
1410:
1401:Madagascar ibis
1387:
1342:
1307:
1298:Bare-faced ibis
1284:
1261:
1238:
1203:T. caerulescens
1183:
1118:
1095:
1060:
1015:
927:
898:
876:
857:
811:
809:Further reading
806:
805:
787:
786:
782:
764:
763:
759:
741:
740:
736:
702:
701:
697:
661:
660:
656:
624:
623:
616:
594:
593:
586:
581:
577:
563:
562:
558:
548:
547:
540:
530:
529:
522:
492:
491:
482:
456:
455:
451:
441:
439:
410:
409:
400:
395:
292:
279:
202:
195:
189:
176:
84:
76:
67:Near Threatened
65:
61:
54:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Birds of India
1995:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1951:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1754:
1741:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1664:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1466:X. xympithecus
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1362:P. falcinellus
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1279:M. cayennensis
1271:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1199:Plumbeous ibis
1195:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1178:B. carunculata
1171:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1031:Red-naped ibis
1027:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1010:T. spinicollis
1003:
985:
975:
964:
954:
951:T. aethiopicus
943:
941:
933:
932:
929:
928:
916:
910:
900:
899:
897:
896:
895:
894:
885:
878:
877:
858:
856:
855:
848:
841:
833:
827:
826:
816:Birds of India
810:
807:
804:
803:
780:
757:
734:
695:
674:(2): 223–228.
654:
641:(2): 223–228.
614:
584:
575:
556:
538:
520:
501:(3): 365–374.
480:
469:(4): 127–143.
449:
397:
396:
394:
391:
358:, Republic of
291:
288:
278:
275:
263:Southeast Asia
223:
222:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
139:Pelecaniformes
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:P. leucorodia
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1462:Jamaican ibis
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1302:P. infuscatus
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1267:Mesembrinibis
1264:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:São Tomé ibis
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:
983:
979:
976:
973:
972:T. solitarius
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
945:
944:
942:
940:
939:
934:
925:
921:
920:
914:
911:
909:
905:
901:
892:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
879:
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
831:
825:
824:0-691-04910-6
821:
817:
813:
812:
808:
800:(1): 143–150.
799:
795:
791:
784:
781:
776:
772:
768:
761:
758:
753:
749:
745:
738:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
699:
696:
691:
687:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
658:
655:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
630:
621:
619:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
589:
585:
579:
576:
571:
567:
560:
557:
552:
545:
543:
539:
534:
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516:
512:
508:
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489:
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481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
450:
437:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
416:
407:
405:
403:
399:
392:
390:
387:
384:
381:
380:Uttar Pradesh
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
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309:
305:
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297:
289:
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284:
276:
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268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:
230:
221:
217:
212:
209:
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200:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
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127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
73:
68:
57:
53:
48:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1988:Threskiornis
1930:
1643:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1549:(spoonbills)
1543:
1529:
1503:
1497:
1465:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1415:
1404:
1392:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1347:
1336:
1333:Scarlet ibis
1326:
1312:
1301:
1289:
1278:
1266:
1255:
1243:
1233:T. branickii
1232:
1223:T. melanopis
1222:
1212:
1202:
1188:
1177:
1174:Wattled ibis
1167:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1123:
1112:
1109:Crested ibis
1100:
1089:
1079:
1065:
1054:
1044:
1035:P. papillosa
1034:
1020:
1009:
999:
991:
981:
977:
971:
968:Réunion ibis
960:
950:
938:Threskiornis
936:
917:
815:
797:
793:
783:
774:
770:
760:
751:
747:
737:
715:(1): 39–47.
712:
708:
698:
671:
667:
657:
638:
634:
628:
608:
605:Indian Birds
604:
600:
596:
578:
569:
565:
559:
550:
532:
498:
494:
466:
462:
452:
440:. Retrieved
426:
420:
414:
388:
385:
376:
293:
280:
246:
242:
238:
233:
232:
228:
226:
219:Latham, 1790
215:
214:
190:
188:
172:
171:
160:Threskiornis
159:
18:
1810:iNaturalist
1668:Wikispecies
1600:P. flavipes
1498:Plataleinae
1496:subfamily:
1405:L. cristata
1382:P. ridgwayi
1358:Glossy ibis
1256:C. oxycerca
1229:Andean ibis
1213:T. caudatus
1190:Theristicus
1168:B. hagedash
1164:Hadada ibis
1138:B. olivacea
1055:P. gigantea
1045:P. davisoni
992:T. moluccus
961:T. bernieri
566:BirdingASIA
442:19 November
336:Philippines
277:Description
40:Tirunelveli
1977:Categories
1946:Q109563527
1914:Xeno-canto
1492:Spoonbills
1393:Lophotibis
1275:Green ibis
1148:B. bocagei
1134:Olive ibis
1125:Bostrychia
1080:G. eremita
1067:Geronticus
1051:Giant ibis
865:spoonbills
748:Waterbirds
495:Waterbirds
393:References
296:Bangladesh
1453:Xenicibis
1442:A. brevis
1431:A. glenos
1417:Apteribis
1378:Puna ibis
1314:Eudocimus
1113:N. nippon
1090:G. calvus
1022:Pseudibis
729:0974-6919
690:2287-884X
572:: 99–100.
344:Sri Lanka
316:Indonesia
308:Hong Kong
283:waterbird
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
1960:10981391
1940:Wikidata
1854:22697516
1828:11181552
1776:45516056
1727:22697516
1722:BirdLife
1653:Wikidata
1610:P. ajaja
1590:P. regia
1570:P. minor
1545:Platalea
1504:Platalea
1372:P. chihi
1349:Plegadis
1337:E. ruber
1327:E. albus
1290:Phimosus
1244:Cercibis
1101:Nipponia
926:species)
754:: 51–60.
611:: 39–41.
368:Mongolia
348:Thailand
332:Pakistan
320:Malaysia
300:Cambodia
208:Synonyms
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
1802:2480767
1763:blhibi1
1737:blhibi1
1709:Avibase
1659:Q373114
1580:P. alba
1531:Species
1502:genus:
1158:B. rara
924:extinct
919:Species
515:4132592
372:Sumatra
352:Vietnam
324:Myanmar
253:of the
201:, 1790)
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
1993:Ibises
1906:401743
1893:192642
1867:425371
1841:174944
1784:EURING
1696:ARKive
889:Ibises
869:family
861:ibises
822:
727:
688:
513:
245:, and
199:Latham
1880:73519
1823:IRMNG
1758:eBird
1750:56LQD
1734:BOW:
1520:Genus
908:Genus
511:JSTOR
360:Korea
356:Japan
328:Nepal
312:India
304:China
271:Japan
267:India
265:from
259:South
44:India
1955:GBIF
1862:NCBI
1849:IUCN
1836:ITIS
1815:3738
1797:GBIF
1789:1430
863:and
820:ISBN
725:ISSN
686:ISSN
444:2021
427:2016
366:and
350:and
261:and
255:ibis
251:bird
227:The
129:Aves
1771:EoL
1745:CoL
1683:ADW
717:doi
676:doi
643:doi
503:doi
471:doi
431:doi
1979::
1957::
1942::
1916::
1903::
1890::
1877::
1864::
1851::
1838::
1825::
1812::
1799::
1786::
1773::
1760::
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1724::
1711::
1698::
1685::
1670::
1655::
871::
818:.
798:12
796:.
792:.
775:27
773:.
769:.
752:42
750:.
746:.
723:.
713:75
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707:.
684:.
672:11
670:.
666:.
639:11
637:.
633:.
617:^
607:.
587:^
570:14
568:.
541:^
523:^
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499:29
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483:^
467:34
465:.
461:.
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419:.
401:^
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362:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
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241:,
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1608:(
1602:)
1598:(
1592:)
1588:(
1582:)
1578:(
1572:)
1568:(
1562:)
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1460:†
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1436:†
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1425:†
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1403:(
1384:)
1380:(
1374:)
1370:(
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1360:(
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1335:(
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1325:(
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719::
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678::
651:.
645::
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505::
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473::
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433::
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231:(
197:(
74:)
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