411:
calls are alert signals that warn of predators or danger. Aggressive calls accompany attacks on predators. Contact calls are signals used for intra-specific communication. The most commonly heard cat-like sound ("mew call") is a part of the contact call, and is frequently used, such as when returning to the nest after taking food, alternating the role of the mating and nesting, taking care of the young, collective flight, etc. The sound of a young gull begging for food and the sound of a female during mating are also included in the contact call.
450:
423:
86:
435:
42:
465:
61:
301:
232:
The black-tailed gull is medium-sized (46 cm) (19 Inches), with a wingspan of 126โ128 cm (49.6 - 50.3 Inches). It has yellow legs and a red and black spot at the end of the bill. Males and females have identical plumage and features, although males are larger in size than females. This gull
410:
Black-tailed gulls use a variety of voice signals and are known to use more than 10 different sounds for communication. Young can recognize their parents from their voice and visual stimulation between 10 and 15 days after hatching, and can also distinguish between siblings and non-siblings. Alarm
323:
was raised by fishermen in 1269 (though it has been rebuilt several times since) at which the black-tailed gull, is seen as a messenger of the goddess of the fishery. For over 700 years, the species has enjoyed reverence, feeding and protection from the local population. As a result, every summer,
406:
The species often follows ships and commercial fishing fleets. It also steals food from other seabirds. It is a colonial nester, with colonies forming in mid-April. 2โ3 eggs are laid by early June. Incubation lasts approximately 24 days.
403:
scraps and carrion. A study analyzing the identifiable parts of gull excreta in Korea found that 19.1% consisted of the remains of fish, 3.3% of crustaceans, and 3.3% of land insects.
1654:
1693:
1839:
1799:
359:, and numbers are increasing due to the absence of predators. In 2008, the bird was officially chosen as one of the mascots of Liancourt Rocks. Nando and
780:
756:
324:
over 40,000 black-tailed gulls nest and raise their young in the grounds of the shrine and the surrounding island, which has been designated a
National
233:
takes four years to reach full adult plumage. As the name suggests, it has a black tail. The bird has a cat-like call, giving it its
Japanese name โ
1618:
1667:
682:
1719:
663:
449:
597:
422:
720:
464:
1834:
1758:
1605:
961:
1672:
1506:
823:
434:
1829:
1809:
1543:
355:
The species is common on the shoreline of Korea and on various islands. There are over 20,000 black-tailed gulls on
1698:
701:
1136:
246:
805:"Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris, Charlotte Town Beach, Charlotte, Chittenden Co., VT, 23 October 2005"
1497:
293:
The bird is common in Japan, nesting from
Hokkaido to Western Kyushu. It has caused flights to be delayed at
85:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1173:
1059:
590:
1530:
1459:
1442:
1365:
649:
540:"Sexual differences in the external measurements of Black-tailed Gulls breeding on Rishiri Island, Japan"
1548:
1106:
1101:
196:
180:
516:
837:
819:
1763:
1522:
1370:
1069:
1424:
1304:
1299:
954:
376:
50:
881:"Communication of young black tailed gulls, larus crassirostris, in response to parent's behavior"
1750:
1183:
1111:
1079:
336:
80:
1309:
1264:
1218:
1034:
644:
328:
by the government of Japan. The gulls are very tame and are a popular local tourist attraction.
1659:
1732:
1685:
1566:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1269:
1178:
1141:
1131:
1044:
1019:
572:
456:
316:
1633:
610:
1737:
1406:
1274:
1094:
1049:
974:
892:
551:
511:
471:
364:
325:
320:
1535:
1706:
1253:
1239:
1163:
1054:
724:
705:
686:
667:
356:
137:
1024:
493:
1804:
1345:
947:
294:
258:
41:
804:
1793:
1776:
1680:
1213:
1126:
1084:
502:
278:
270:
70:
65:
626:
1571:
1258:
1208:
1116:
1089:
1074:
1014:
344:
340:
897:
880:
1610:
1558:
17:
1745:
1641:
1491:
1327:
1279:
1248:
1199:
1188:
1154:
1039:
864:
Boles, Walter (2009). Josep del Hoyo; Andrew
Elliott; David A. Christie (eds.).
400:
282:
738:
1771:
1388:
1168:
934:
929:
332:
1482:
923:
1592:
1356:
1228:
1223:
1121:
1064:
441:
312:
305:
266:
242:
221:
97:
939:
915:
375:
A rare visitor to the United States, a black-tailed gull was spotted from
1711:
1476:
1437:
396:
380:
117:
1623:
1517:
992:
300:
147:
556:
539:
664:
Shooing away pesky birds never-ending job at Haneda
November 22, 2003
360:
274:
107:
1646:
1453:
1597:
1584:
1579:
1005:
983:
299:
262:
157:
1724:
970:
392:
217:
127:
1457:
943:
311:
An enormous gathering of black-tailed gulls can be found at
683:"Power spots and prehistory in beautiful Aomori Prefecture"
538:
Chochi, Michiyo; Niizuma, Yasuaki; Takagi, Masaoki (2002).
1122:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
926:
Black-tailed Gull information and Photos in
California
820:"Rare โ Black-tailed Gull โ Illinois January 11, 2016"
379:, in October 2005. The species has been spotted in
1466:
1415:
1397:
1379:
1354:
1336:
1318:
1237:
1197:
1152:
1003:
982:
517:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694289A132538717.en
645:"Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris Factsheet"
996:(โ indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
916:Black-tailed Gulls at Kabushima โ official site
955:
367:as of 1982, are also known breeding grounds.
257:The species is resident to coastlines of the
8:
391:The black-tailed gull feeds mainly on small
721:"Migrants and vagrants under Teuri's crags"
1454:
1174:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
962:
948:
940:
59:
40:
31:
896:
555:
515:
866:Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 3
785:Korean Cultural Heritage Administration
761:Korean Cultural Heritage Administration
484:
418:
1275:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
315:, a peninsula (formerly an island) in
885:Korean Journal of Biological Sciences
7:
935:Video showing the gulls of Kabushima
930:Video showing the gulls of Kabushima
1840:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
1800:IUCN Red List least concern species
503:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
428:Black-tailed Gull, immature plumage
237:(ๆตท็ซ, "sea cat"), and Korean name โ
868:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
573:"Black-tailed Gull: a photo essay"
470:Black-tailed Gulls at entrance to
25:
824:American Birding Association blog
700:Bamforth, Chris (28 April 2006).
343:, and there is a large colony at
241:gull, which means "cat" gull. In
463:
448:
433:
421:
331:Around 5,000 birds also nest at
84:
924:Black-tailed Gull in California
818:Swick, Nate (12 January 2016).
492:BirdLife International (2018).
702:"Here be the land of the gods"
681:Otaka, Tomoko (22 July 2012).
1:
898:10.1080/12265071.2004.9647763
719:Brazil, Mark (5 July 2000).
839:ํด์์์ฐ๋ถ ๊ณต์ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ : ๋ค์ด๋ฒ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ
598:Ministry of the Environment
245:their calls are one of the
1856:
281:and has been found in the
1433:
510:: e.T22694289A132538717.
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1137:Lesser black-backed gull
1065:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
838:
253:Distribution and habitat
247:100 Soundscapes of Japan
220:native to shorelines of
1835:Birds described in 1818
1060:Great black-backed gull
671:Retrieved April 5, 2016
616:Retrieved April 5, 2016
1443:Hybridisation in gulls
1366:Black-legged kittiwake
781:"Natural Monument 335"
757:"Natural Monument 334"
650:BirdLife International
544:Ornithological Science
308:
1107:American herring gull
1102:European herring gull
739:"Characters of Dokdo"
455:Black-tailed Gull in
440:Black-tailed Gull in
363:islands, both Korean
303:
273:. It is a vagrant to
172:L. crassirostris
1371:Red-legged kittiwake
1070:Glaucous-winged gull
879:Chung, Hoon (2004).
1777:Larus-crassirostris
1498:Larus crassirostris
1468:Larus crassirostris
1425:Swallow-tailed gull
1300:Slender-billed gull
627:"Black-tailed Gull"
614:Audubon Field Guide
496:Larus crassirostris
377:Burlington, Vermont
213:Larus crassirostris
190:Larus crassirostris
51:Conservation status
1830:Birds of Manchuria
1810:Birds of East Asia
1184:Mediterranean gull
1112:Yellow-legged gull
1080:Yellow-footed gull
337:Shimane Prefecture
309:
35:Black-tailed gull
1787:
1786:
1733:Open Tree of Life
1634:black-tailed-gull
1460:Taxon identifiers
1451:
1450:
1438:Gull eggs as food
1295:Black-headed gull
1290:Brown-headed gull
1285:Black-billed gull
1270:Brown-hooded gull
1132:Slaty-backed gull
1045:Short-billed gull
1030:Black-tailed gull
611:Black-tailed Gull
557:10.2326/osj.1.163
457:Hachinohe, Aomori
365:natural monuments
317:Hachinohe, Aomori
208:black-tailed gull
204:
203:
74:
18:Black-tailed Gull
16:(Redirected from
1847:
1780:
1779:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1740:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1701:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1523:8C4CE60F3DA7955C
1513:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1455:
1305:Bonaparte's gull
1050:Ring-billed gull
964:
957:
950:
941:
920:
903:
902:
900:
876:
870:
869:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
834:
828:
827:
815:
809:
808:
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
777:
771:
770:
768:
767:
753:
747:
746:
735:
729:
728:
716:
710:
709:
697:
691:
690:
678:
672:
661:
655:
654:
641:
635:
634:
623:
617:
608:
602:
601:
595:
591:"ๆฎใใใๆฅๆฌใฎ้ณ้ขจๆฏ100้ธ"
587:
581:
580:
568:
562:
561:
559:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
519:
489:
472:Kabushima Shrine
467:
452:
437:
425:
371:In North America
326:Natural Monument
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1707:Observation.org
1705:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1596:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1429:
1411:
1393:
1375:
1350:
1332:
1314:
1310:Saunders's gull
1265:Hartlaub's gull
1254:Red-billed gull
1240:Chroicocephalus
1233:
1219:Franklin's gull
1193:
1164:White-eyed gull
1148:
1055:California gull
1035:Heermann's gull
999:
978:
968:
918:
912:
907:
906:
878:
877:
873:
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
840:
836:
835:
831:
817:
816:
812:
803:
802:
798:
789:
787:
779:
778:
774:
765:
763:
755:
754:
750:
737:
736:
732:
725:The Japan Times
718:
717:
713:
706:The Japan Times
699:
698:
694:
687:The Japan Times
680:
679:
675:
668:The Japan Times
662:
658:
643:
642:
638:
625:
624:
620:
609:
605:
593:
589:
588:
584:
571:Doherty, Paul.
570:
569:
565:
537:
536:
532:
522:
520:
491:
490:
486:
481:
474:
468:
459:
453:
444:
438:
429:
426:
417:
389:
383:several times.
373:
357:Liancourt Rocks
353:
291:
255:
230:
200:
194:
188:
175:
138:Charadriiformes
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1825:Birds of Korea
1822:
1820:Birds of Japan
1817:
1815:Birds of China
1812:
1807:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1503:
1488:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Audouin's gull
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1142:Heuglin's gull
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:Belcher's gull
1017:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
988:
986:
980:
979:
969:
967:
966:
959:
952:
944:
938:
937:
932:
927:
921:
911:
910:External links
908:
905:
904:
891:(4): 295โ300.
871:
856:
844:blog.naver.com
829:
810:
796:
772:
748:
730:
711:
692:
673:
656:
636:
618:
603:
582:
563:
550:(2): 163โ166.
530:
483:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
469:
462:
460:
454:
447:
445:
439:
432:
430:
427:
420:
416:
413:
388:
385:
372:
369:
352:
349:
295:Haneda Airport
290:
287:
259:East China Sea
254:
251:
229:
226:
202:
201:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1852:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1407:Sabine's gull
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Laughing gull
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Armenian gull
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:Thayer's gull
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:Glaucous gull
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
995:
994:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
976:
972:
965:
960:
958:
953:
951:
946:
945:
942:
936:
933:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:(in Japanese)
917:
914:
913:
909:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
860:
857:
845:
841:
833:
830:
825:
821:
814:
811:
806:
800:
797:
786:
782:
776:
773:
762:
758:
752:
749:
744:
740:
734:
731:
726:
722:
715:
712:
707:
703:
696:
693:
688:
684:
677:
674:
670:
669:
665:
660:
657:
652:
651:
646:
640:
637:
632:
628:
622:
619:
615:
612:
607:
604:
599:
592:
586:
583:
578:
577:Surfbirds.com
574:
567:
564:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
534:
531:
518:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
497:
488:
485:
478:
473:
466:
461:
458:
451:
446:
443:
436:
431:
424:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
350:
348:
347:in Hokkaido.
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
322:
321:Shinto shrine
318:
314:
307:
304:The gulls at
302:
298:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
279:North America
276:
272:
271:Kuril Islands
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
214:
209:
198:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1467:
1416:
1398:
1380:
1355:
1338:Rhodostethia
1337:
1320:Hydrocoloeus
1319:
1259:Huahine gull
1238:
1209:Dolphin gull
1198:
1153:
1117:Caspian gull
1090:Iceland gull
1075:Western gull
1029:
1025:Olrog's gull
1015:Pacific gull
1004:
991:
888:
884:
874:
865:
859:
848:. Retrieved
843:
832:
813:
799:
788:. Retrieved
784:
775:
764:. Retrieved
760:
751:
742:
733:
714:
695:
676:
666:
659:
648:
639:
630:
621:
613:
606:
585:
576:
566:
547:
543:
533:
521:. Retrieved
507:
501:
495:
487:
409:
405:
390:
374:
354:
345:Teuri Island
341:Izumo Shrine
330:
310:
292:
256:
238:
234:
231:
212:
211:
207:
205:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
1746:SeaLifeBase
1642:iNaturalist
1492:Wikispecies
1346:Ross's gull
1328:Little gull
1280:Andean gull
1249:Silver gull
1200:Leucophaeus
1189:Relict gull
1155:Ichthyaetus
1040:Common gull
846:(in Korean)
631:Birdweb.org
523:11 November
401:crustaceans
319:, Japan. A
283:Philippines
228:Description
1794:Categories
1772:Xeno-canto
1389:Ivory gull
1169:Sooty gull
977:: Laridae)
850:2018-06-10
790:2018-06-10
766:2018-06-10
479:References
333:Fumi-shima
297:in Tokyo.
1381:Pagophila
1229:Grey gull
1224:Lava gull
442:Tokyo Bay
313:Kabushima
306:Kabushima
267:Manchuria
243:Hachinohe
239:gwaeng-yi
222:East Asia
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1686:22694289
1660:10190230
1536:22694289
1531:BirdLife
1477:Wikidata
1417:Creagrus
397:molluscs
381:Illinois
351:In Korea
289:In Japan
269:and the
197:Vieillot
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1624:2481197
1518:Avibase
1483:Q623194
993:Species
743:K-Dokdo
387:Ecology
235:umineko
216:) is a
154:Genus:
148:Laridae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1764:343908
1738:766942
1725:343908
1699:179808
1673:176831
1631:GNAB:
1606:EURING
1598:LARUCR
1585:bktgul
1559:bktgul
1511:bltagu
975:family
415:Images
361:Hongdo
275:Alaska
199:, 1818
1805:Larus
1759:WoRMS
1751:75066
1712:73046
1655:IRMNG
1580:eBird
1572:3SBQ3
1556:BOW:
1549:52543
1357:Rissa
1006:Larus
984:Genus
971:Gulls
594:(PDF)
339:near
263:Japan
159:Larus
1720:OBIS
1694:NCBI
1681:IUCN
1668:ITIS
1647:4370
1619:GBIF
1611:5870
1593:EPPO
1544:BOLD
1399:Xema
525:2021
508:2018
393:fish
277:and
218:gull
206:The
128:Aves
1567:CoL
1507:ABA
893:doi
552:doi
512:doi
335:in
1796::
1774::
1761::
1748::
1735::
1722::
1709::
1696::
1683::
1670::
1657::
1644::
1621::
1608::
1595::
1582::
1569::
1546::
1533::
1520::
1509::
1494::
1479::
887:.
883:.
842:.
822:.
783:.
759:.
741:.
723:.
704:.
685:.
647:.
629:.
596:.
575:.
546:.
542:.
506:.
500:.
399:,
395:,
285:.
265:,
261:,
249:.
224:.
1261:โ
973:(
963:e
956:t
949:v
901:.
895::
889:8
853:.
826:.
807:.
793:.
769:.
745:.
727:.
708:.
689:.
653:.
633:.
600:.
579:.
560:.
554::
548:1
527:.
514::
498:"
494:"
210:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
