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237:, allegedly operated from New England to as far south as New York City. Police were hopeful that Mirabito's arrest would assist in ending the practice of Black Hand, but it continued in the area for about another decade. More successful immigrants were usually targeted, although as many as 90% of Italian immigrants and workmen in New York and other communities were threatened with extortion.
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received a Black Hand letter on which were drawn a black hand and dagger, demanding $ 2,000. He decided to pay, "and, when this fact became public knowledge, was rewarded for his capitulation with 'a stack of threatening letters a foot high,' including another from the same gang for $ 15,000." He
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Typical Black Hand tactics involved sending a letter to a victim threatening bodily harm, kidnapping, arson, or murder. The letter demanded a specified amount of money to be delivered to a specific place. It was decorated with threatening symbols such as a smoking gun, hangman's noose, skull, or
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or neighbourhoods. American newspapers in the first half of the twentieth century sometimes made reference to an organized "Black Hand
Society", a criminal enterprise composed of Italians, mainly Sicilian immigrants. However, many Sicilians disputed its existence and objected to the associated
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as early as the 1750s. The
English language term typically refers to the organization established by Italian immigrants in the United States during the 1850s and 60s. Some of the immigrants formed criminal syndicates, living alongside each other and largely victimizing fellow immigrants.
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By 1900, Black Hand operations were firmly established in the
Italian communities of major US cities, including Philadelphia, Chicago, New Orleans, Scranton, San Francisco, New York, Boston, and Detroit. In 1907, a Black Hand headquarters was discovered in
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200:'s assassination, which read in part, "The assassination of Petrosino is an evil day for the Italians of America, and none of us can any longer deny that there is a Black Hand Society in the United States."
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On occasion, criminals used violence against law enforcement officials who battled Black Hand schemes. Victims of assassinations linked to Black Hand operations include New
Orleans Police Department chief
258:." The term "Black Hand" was readily adopted by the American press and generalized to the idea of an organized criminal conspiracy, which came to be known as "The Black Hand Society."
585:(An excellent social historical study of the Black Hand during the early years of the twentieth century—when the influx of Italians was the greatest—using a variety of print sources.)
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knife dripping with blood or piercing a human heart, and was frequently signed with a hand, "held up in the universal gesture of warning", imprinted or drawn in thick black ink.
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reported the incident to the police who arranged for him to drop off the money at a prearranged spot, then arrested two
Italian businessmen who retrieved the money.
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racket. Originally developed in the eighteenth century, Black Hand extortion was exported to the United States in the later nineteenth century with
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to refer to the communications as 'Black Hand' letters – a name that stuck, and indeed, soon became synonymous with crime in
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negative ethnic stereotype, but this was not the only viewpoint among
Italian-Americans.
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Black Hand was a method of extortion practised by
Italian immigrant gangsters of the
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417:. North Adams, MA. North Adams Transcript. 24 February 1908. p. 1.
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states "it was this last feature that inspired a journalist writing for
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A New York Police
Department wanted poster for Black Hand activity, 1910
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The First Family: Terror, Extortion and the Birth of the
American Mafia
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Lombardo, Robert M. (2004). "The Black Hand: A Study in Moral Panic".
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Collaborations between the United States government and
Italian Mafia
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400:, Vol. 4, No. 6, New York: Frank A. Munsey (December 1907), p. 1098
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447:. Fitchburg, MA. Fitchburg Sentinel. 24 February 1908. p. 9.
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The Origin of Organized Crime: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931
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315:. Vol. 187. University of Northern Iowa. pp. 543–549.
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26:
229:. Another Black Hand headquarters was later discovered in
477:. Boston, MA. Boston Globe. 24 February 1908. p. 2.
369:. Boston, MA. Boston Globe. 1 April 1908. p. 5.
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White, Frank Marshall (November 1917 – April 1918).
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134:"La Mano Nera" redirects here. For other uses, see
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1956:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization
398:The Big Stunts of Great Detectives: The Scrapbook
208:The roots of the Black Hand can be traced to the
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498:
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1411:Sicilian brigandage and rebels (20th century)
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583:. Totowa, N.J.: Littlefield, Adams, & Co.
411:"Alleged Blackmailers Taken by Boston Police"
8:
2563:Secret societies related to organized crime
666:, organized Crime in Queensland, Australia.
591:"In Little Italy, Mum's the Word About Mob"
131:Extortion racket and the gangs that used it
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274:and New York Police Department lieutenant
581:The Black Hand: A Chapter in Ethnic Crime
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:, a village located a few miles west of
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1146:Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting
299:
1130:List of Sicilian Mafia members by city
1305:List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia
392:
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187:, especially in the United States in
7:
481:from the original on 7 December 2021
451:from the original on 7 December 2021
421:from the original on 7 December 2021
373:from the original on 7 December 2021
55:adding citations to reliable sources
194:Il Telegrafo: The Evening Telegraph
25:
1951:List of Italian-American mobsters
1406:Italian brigandage (19th century)
1285:Direzione Investigativa Antimafia
2524:
2523:
1187:Portella della Ginestra massacre
551:. London: Simon & Schuster.
471:"Blackhand Plot Against Piscopo"
335:"Petrosino Slain Assassins Gone"
233:. This headquarters, managed by
31:
2333:Italian-American National Union
616:"The Passing of the Black Hand"
307:D'Amato, Gaetano (April 1908).
42:needs additional citations for
2473:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
1217:Via Federico Pipitone massacre
1125:List of Sicilian Mafia members
1:
2558:History of the Sicilian Mafia
589:Wallin, Geoff (3 July 2007).
1517:List of Mafia crime families
1359:Article 41-bis prison regime
1275:Italian Antimafia Commission
1270:Sangiorgi report (1898-1900)
575:Pitkin, Thomas Monroe &
2202:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
1784:(Northeastern Pennsylvania)
1321:1960s Sicilian Mafia trials
627:Black, Jon (October 2020).
489:– via Newspapers.com.
459:– via Newspapers.com.
429:– via Newspapers.com.
381:– via Newspapers.com.
363:"Sentenced to State Prison"
136:Black Hand (disambiguation)
66:"Black Hand" extortion
2584:
1247:Via dei Georgofili bombing
721:Interprovincial Commission
657:, article by Jon Black at
415:The North Adams Transcript
133:
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1823:(Little Italy, Manhattan)
1512:
1449:
1205:Circonvallazione massacre
535:Critchley, David (2008).
313:The North American Review
2568:Italian-American history
2422:Operation Family Secrets
2353:National Crime Syndicate
2063:Atlantic City Conference
1459:Organized crime in Italy
223:New Castle, Pennsylvania
219:Hillsville, Pennsylvania
189:Italian-American ghettos
168:) was a type of Italian
2318:East Harlem Purple Gang
2187:Colacurcio Organization
309:"The "Black Hand" Myth"
2267:Velentzas Organization
2237:Philadelphia Greek Mob
2150:Mafia Commission Trial
2144:Pizza Connection Trial
1734:10th & Oregon Crew
1649:Greenwich Village Crew
1506:Italian-American Mafia
1332:Pizza Connection Trial
951:Caltanissetta Province
539:. New York: Routledge.
441:"Alleged Blackmailers"
165:
154:
146:
18:Black Hand (blackmail)
2222:Musitano crime family
1994:Black Hand in Chicago
1724:Angiulo's Boston crew
1716:(Northern New Jersey)
1253:Via Palestro massacre
1050:San Mauro Castelverde
231:Boston, Massachusetts
152:
144:
2437:Operation Underworld
2427:Operation Old Bridge
2358:New Springville Boys
2242:Rizzuto crime family
2232:Papalia crime family
2217:Luppino crime family
2207:Inzerillo Mafia clan
2197:Cotroni crime family
2081:Palermo Mafia summit
1573:New Springville Boys
1454:American Cosa Nostra
1369:Banda della Magliana
1364:Banda della Comasina
1349:American Cosa Nostra
1241:Via D'Amelio bombing
1199:Viale Lazio massacre
964:Vallelunga Pratameno
941:Campobello di Licata
936:Palma di Montechiaro
620:The Century Magazine
521:(Chapter 3, page 27)
508:(Chapter 3, page 26)
288:Black Hand (Chicago)
51:improve this article
2499:Buster from Chicago
2463:Hired Truck Program
2442:Operation Wasteland
2368:South Brooklyn Boys
2343:Marat Balagula gang
2127:Castellammarese War
1659:Springfield faction
1211:Via Carini massacre
595:Chi-Town Daily News
577:Cordasco, Francesco
251:The New York Herald
2478:Rochester bombings
2363:Rudaj Organization
2338:Maceo Organization
2293:Bumpy Johnson gang
2288:Bugs and Meyer Mob
2247:Sacra Corona Unita
2098:Kefauver Committee
1744:Midwestern/Western
1684:New Jersey faction
1654:New Jersey faction
1568:Motion Lounge crew
1522:Mafia bibliography
1464:Mafia bibliography
1426:Sacra Corona Unita
1229:Pizzolungo bombing
926:Sambuca di Sicilia
888:Agrigento Province
445:Fitchburg Sentinel
340:The New York Times
174:Italian immigrants
155:
147:
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2534:
2517:
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2458:French Connection
2396:
2395:
2313:Dutch Schultz Mob
2159:
2158:
2121:Mafia–Camorra War
2075:Apalachin meeting
2069:Havana Conference
2044:
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1974:Initiation ritual
1876:
1875:
1697:
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1639:116th Street Crew
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1471:
1223:Train 904 bombing
1113:
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1045:Belmonte Mezzagno
570:. No. 6:3–4.
558:978-1-84737-173-7
210:Kingdom of Naples
145:Black Hand symbol
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16:(Redirected from
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2487:Related articles
2432:Operation Solare
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2388:Winter Hill Gang
2323:Five Points Gang
2298:New York Camorra
2192:Commisso 'ndrina
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2104:Valachi hearings
2053:
2010:(boss of bosses)
1888:Chain of command
1885:
1817:(Italian Harlem)
1679:Brooklyn faction
1549:
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1290:State-Mafia Pact
1193:Ciaculli bombing
1168:Second Mafia War
1078:Mazara del Vallo
1060:Trapani Province
1012:Palermo Province
901:Santa Elisabetta
884:
864:Cuntrera-Caruana
708:Chain of command
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630:Secret Societies
623:
622:. Vol. XCV.
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601:on 23 April 2008
597:. Archived from
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519:The First Family
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506:The First Family
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475:The Boston Globe
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276:Joseph Petrosino
235:Antonio Mirabito
198:Joseph Petrosino
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2303:The Corporation
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1722:(New England) (
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343:. 14 March 1909
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655:The Black Hand
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649:External links
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2014:Mustache Pete
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2007:Capo dei capi
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263:Enrico Caruso
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2504:Cement shoes
2401:Other topics
2378:Unione Corse
2348:Murder, Inc.
2283:Broadway Mob
2212:Jewish Mafia
2031:Sixth Family
2026:One-way ride
2018:
2005:
1988:
1939:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1730:Philadelphia
1714:DeCavalcante
1668:
1644:Broadway Mob
1628:
1603:
1587:
1552:
1394:Unione Corse
1180:and bombings
659:GangRule.com
658:
629:
619:
603:. Retrieved
599:the original
594:
580:
568:Global Crime
567:
548:
536:
518:
513:
505:
483:. Retrieved
474:
465:
453:. Retrieved
444:
435:
423:. Retrieved
414:
405:
397:
375:. Retrieved
366:
357:
345:. Retrieved
338:
329:
312:
302:
268:
260:
256:Little Italy
249:
243:
239:
215:
207:
193:
178:
157:
156:
128:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2509:Shotgun Man
2308:The Council
2227:'Ndrangheta
2152:(1985–1986)
2146:(1985–1987)
2129:(1929–1931)
2123:(1914–1917)
2100:(1950–1951)
1911:Consigliere
1867:Trafficante
1827:New Orleans
1766:Los Angeles
1761:Kansas City
1441:Vendicatori
1421:'Ndrangheta
1379:Beati Paoli
1334:(1985–1986)
1328:(1986–1992)
1170:(1981–1984)
1164:(1962–1963)
1002:Pagliarelli
992:Porta Nuova
757:Consigliere
753:(Sottocapo)
605:19 December
2542:Categories
2410:operations
2408:Government
1989:Black Hand
1918:Caporegime
1837:Pittsburgh
1702:East Coast
1374:Basilischi
1326:Maxi Trial
1295:Addiopizzo
1020:Camporeale
997:Brancaccio
879:Mandamenti
834:Corleonesi
796:Mandamento
766:Caporegime
762:Capodecina
715:Commission
545:Dash, Mike
485:7 December
455:7 December
425:7 December
377:7 December
294:References
158:Black Hand
77:newspapers
1938:Members (
1930:Associate
1905:Underboss
1881:Structure
1862:St. Louis
1842:Rochester
1832:Milwaukee
1805:(Chicago)
1788:Cleveland
1720:Patriarca
1263:Antimafia
1178:Massacres
1099:Mistretta
974:Mussomeli
916:Cianciana
911:Canicattì
896:Agrigento
859:Inzerillo
774:(Soldier)
751:Underboss
246:Mike Dash
185:the Mafia
170:extortion
166:Mano Nera
2529:Category
2091:Hearings
2056:Meetings
2001:Vendetta
1979:Made man
1941:made men
1857:San Jose
1847:Rockford
1821:D'Aquila
1809:Lanzetta
1793:Colorado
1782:Bufalino
1670:Lucchese
1630:Genovese
1532:Families
1139:Meetings
1105:Siracusa
1035:Bagheria
1025:Corleone
869:Graviano
839:Galatolo
791:Made man
717:(Cupola)
579:(1977).
547:(2009).
479:Archived
449:Archived
419:Archived
371:Archived
321:25106116
282:See also
227:stiletto
2553:Camorra
2383:Westies
2276:Defunct
2182:Camorra
1925:Soldato
1869:(Tampa)
1815:Morello
1756:Detroit
1751:Chicago
1709:Buffalo
1605:Gambino
1596:Colombo
1589:Colombo
1554:Bonanno
1401:Garduña
1384:Camorra
1342:Related
1300:Pentito
1279:members
1118:Members
1073:Trapani
984:Palermo
816:Pizzino
772:Soldato
347:17 July
244:Author
181:Camorra
162:Italian
91:scholar
2451:Crimes
2262:Stidda
2175:Active
2137:Trials
2106:(1963)
2083:(1957)
2077:(1957)
2071:(1946)
2065:(1929)
2049:Events
2020:OmertĂ
1984:Bagman
1798:Dallas
1431:Stidda
1314:Trials
1255:(1993)
1249:(1993)
1243:(1992)
1237:(1992)
1231:(1985)
1225:(1984)
1219:(1983)
1213:(1982)
1207:(1982)
1201:(1969)
1195:(1963)
1189:(1947)
1083:Alcamo
1040:Trabia
1030:Cinisi
921:Ribera
854:Motisi
849:Minore
801:OmertĂ
731:Family
637:
555:
517:Dash,
504:Dash,
319:
261:Tenor
204:Origin
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1966:Terms
1803:Genna
1092:Other
969:Riesi
844:Greco
826:Clans
811:Pizzo
806:Faida
735:Cosca
317:JSTOR
98:JSTOR
84:books
2114:Wars
2036:Zips
1900:Boss
1155:Wars
1103:Sud
959:Gela
741:Boss
635:ISBN
607:2007
553:ISBN
487:2021
457:2021
427:2021
379:2021
349:2020
183:and
70:news
53:by
2544::
1543:of
633:.
618:.
593:.
495:^
473:.
443:.
413:.
387:^
365:.
337:.
311:.
278:.
176:.
164::
1944:)
1736:)
1732:(
1726:)
1498:e
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1484:v
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1277:(
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764:(
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733:(
693:e
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609:.
561:.
351:.
323:.
160:(
138:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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