3986:
3827:
3007:
4076:
3911:
3788:
3414:
3780:
1556:
2140:
4112:
4241:, always in combination with halogenated flame retardants except in halogen-containing polymers. The flame retarding effect of antimony trioxide is produced by the formation of halogenated antimony compounds, which react with hydrogen atoms, and probably also with oxygen atoms and OH radicals, thus inhibiting fire. Markets for these flame-retardants include children's clothing, toys, aircraft, and automobile seat covers. They are also added to
4130:
3320:
2249:, and is formed when molten antimony is cooled slowly. Amorphous black antimony is formed upon rapid cooling of antimony vapor, and is only stable as a thin film (thickness in nanometres); thicker samples spontaneously transform into the metallic form. It oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously. At 100 °C, it gradually transforms into the stable form. The supposed yellow allotrope of antimony, generated only by oxidation of
2128:
1612:
1961:
4148:
4040:
3869:
4551:. The toxicity of antimony is far lower than that of arsenic; this might be caused by the significant differences of uptake, metabolism and excretion between arsenic and antimony. The uptake of antimony(III) or antimony(V) in the gastrointestinal tract is at most 20%. Antimony(V) is not quantitatively reduced to antimony(III) in the cell (in fact antimony(III) is oxidised to antimony(V) instead).
4058:
4022:
3890:
4094:
4318:
4004:
3848:
4269:, this addition improves plate strength and charging characteristics. For sailboats, lead keels are used to provide righting moment, ranging from 600 lbs to over 200 tons for the largest sailing superyachts; to improve hardness and tensile strength of the lead keel, antimony is mixed with lead between 2% and 5% by volume. Antimony is used in antifriction alloys (such as
2152:
64:
2342:
3954:
Chinese production of antimony is expected to decline in the future as mines and smelters are closed down by the government as part of pollution control. Especially due to an environmental protection law having gone into effect in
January 2015 and revised "Emission Standards of Pollutants for Stanum,
4681:
Adverse health effects have been observed in humans and animals following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to antimony and antimony compounds. Antimony toxicity typically occurs either due to occupational exposure, during therapy or from accidental ingestion. It is unclear if antimony can enter
3389:
was unconvinced the artifact was indeed a vase, mentioning that
Selimkhanov, after his analysis of the Tello object (published in 1975), "attempted to relate the metal to Transcaucasian natural antimony" (i.e. native metal) and that "the antimony objects from Transcaucasia are all small personal
2280:
m No. 166) whose layers consist of fused, ruffled, six-membered rings. The nearest and next-nearest neighbors form an irregular octahedral complex, with the three atoms in each double layer slightly closer than the three atoms in the next. This relatively close packing leads to a high density of
3727:
The sulfide is converted to an oxide by roasting. The product is further purified by vaporizing the volatile antimony(III) oxide, which is recovered. This sublimate is often used directly for the main applications, impurities being arsenic and sulfide. Antimony is isolated from the oxide by a
3381:
in 1892, commented that "we only know of antimony at the present day as a highly brittle and crystalline metal, which could hardly be fashioned into a useful vase, and therefore this remarkable 'find' (artifact mentioned above) must represent the lost art of rendering antimony malleable."
3958:
Reported production of antimony in China has fallen and is unlikely to increase in the coming years, according to the
Roskill report. No significant antimony deposits in China have been developed for about ten years, and the remaining economic reserves are being rapidly depleted.
3403:, around 77 AD. Pliny the Elder also made a distinction between "male" and "female" forms of antimony; the male form is probably the sulfide, while the female form, which is superior, heavier, and less friable, has been suspected to be native metallic antimony.
4264:
with lead, increasing its hardness and mechanical strength. When casting it increases fluidity of the melt and reduces shrinkage during cooling. For most applications involving lead, varying amounts of antimony are used as alloying metal. In
2363:
at 0.5 ppm and silver at 0.07 ppm. It is the 63rd most abundant element in the crust. Even though this element is not abundant, it is found in more than 100 mineral species. Antimony is sometimes found natively (e.g. on
4531:) has been used for millennia as an eye cosmetic. Historically it was applied to the eyes with a metal rod and with one's spittle, and was thought by the ancients to aid in curing eye infections. The practice is still seen in
4333:. Another is as a fining agent to remove microscopic bubbles in glass, mostly for TV screens – antimony ions interact with oxygen, suppressing the tendency of the latter to form bubbles. The third application is pigments.
4816:
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022).
4777:
was written after the middle of the 16th century and Thölde was likely its author. Harold Jantz was perhaps the only modern scholar to deny Thölde's authorship, but he too agrees the work dates from after
4188:: Antimony is considered a critical raw material for defense, automotive, construction and textiles. The E.U. sources are 100% imported, coming mainly from Turkey (62%), Bolivia (20%) and Guatemala (7%).
4181:
for industrial manufacturing that is at risk of supply chain disruption. With global production coming mainly from China (74%), Tajikistan (8%), and Russia (4%), these sources are critical to supply.
7921:
Hansen, Claus; Tsirigotaki, Alexandra; Bak, Søren Alex; Pergantis, Spiros A.; Stürup, Stefan; Gammelgaard, Bente; Hansen, Helle Rüsz (2010). "Elevated antimony concentrations in commercial juices".
4581:, and depression. Larger doses such as prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis, or damage the kidneys and the liver, causing violent and frequent vomiting, leading to death in a few days.
8007:
4574:
dissolved from enamel has been reported to show only short term effects. An intoxication with 6 g of antimony potassium tartrate was reported to result in death after three days.
10112:
5127:
Shen, Xueyang; Zhou, Yuxing; Zhang, Hanyi; Derlinger, Volker L.; Mazzarello, Riccardo; Zhang, Wei (2023). "Surface effects on the crystallization kinetics of amorphous antimony".
8032:
7642:
Foster, S.; Maher, W.; Krikowa, F.; Telford, K.; Ellwood, M. (2005). "Observations on the measurement of total antimony and antimony species in algae, plant and animal tissues".
4802:
4252:
for such items as light aircraft engine covers. The resin will burn in the presence of an externally generated flame, but will extinguish when the external flame is removed.
1835:
1793:
4490:. Antimony sulfides help to stabilize the friction coefficient in automotive brake pad materials. Antimony is used in bullets, bullet tracers, paint, glass art, and as an
6159:
Jöns Jacob
Berzelius, "Essay on the cause of chemical proportions, and on some circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy method of expressing them,"
8330:
4558:
of antimony does not occur, the excretion of antimony(V) in urine is the main way of elimination. Like arsenic, the most serious effect of acute antimony poisoning is
3691:
The extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lower-grade ores are concentrated by
2257:) at −90 °C, is also impure and not a true allotrope; above this temperature and in ambient light, it transforms into the more stable black allotrope. A rare
7832:
Westerhoff, P; Prapaipong, P; Shock, E; Hillaireau, A (2008). "Antimony leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for bottled drinking water".
4644:
3279:. A large variety of compounds are known with both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers, including mixed chloro-organic derivatives, anions, and cations. Examples include
1995:
4627:
concentrates (for which no guidelines are established) produced in the UK were found to contain up to 44.7 μg/L of antimony, well above the EU limits for
7443:
Randich, Erik; Duerfeldt, Wayne; McLendon, Wade; Tobin, William (2002). "A metallurgical review of the interpretation of bullet lead compositional analysis".
10107:
9633:
5522:
Lees, R.; Powell, A.; Chippindale, A. (2007). "The synthesis and characterisation of four new antimony sulphides incorporating transition-metal complexes".
3457:(The Triumphal Chariot of Antimony), describing the preparation of metallic antimony, was published in Germany in 1604. It was purported to be written by a
6453:
2299:: Sb with a natural abundance of 57.36% and Sb with a natural abundance of 42.64%. It also has 35 radioisotopes, of which the longest-lived is Sb with a
1986:
4765:, after careful inquiry, concluded the work was spurious, there was no monk named Basilius Valentinus, and the book's author was its ostensible editor,
4678:, antimony spots on the skin, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, antimony trioxide is potentially carcinogenic to humans.
4917:
3378:
1509:
6627:
5262:
Antimony: Its
History, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy, Uses, Preparation, Analysis, Production and Valuation with Complete Bibliographies
5092:
Ashcheulov, A. A.; Manyk, O. N.; Manyk, T. O.; Marenkin, S. F.; Bilynskiy-Slotylo, V. R. (2013). "Some
Aspects of the Chemical Bonding in Antimony".
7618:"Sunan an-Nasa'i 5113 – The Book of Adornment – كتاب الزينة من السنن – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
6652:
1788:
7978:
6382:
Wilson, N. J.; Craw, D.; Hunter, K. (2004). "Antimony distribution and environmental mobility at an historic antimony smelter site, New
Zealand".
4659:
4329:
Three other applications consume nearly all the rest of the world's supply. One application is as a stabilizer and catalyst for the production of
3046:
1669:
5198:
Krebs, H.; Schultze-Gebhardt, F.; Thees, R. (1955). "Über die
Struktur und die Eigenschaften der Halbmetalle. IX: Die Allotropie des Antimons".
2222:
in 1931; durability was poor, and minting was soon discontinued because of its softness and toxicity. Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.
2048:). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name
9778:
8323:
8242:
8015:
7972:
7540:
7388:
7344:
7319:
7295:
7176:
7149:
7122:
7095:
7068:
7000:
6967:
6907:
6880:
6853:
6787:
6725:
5740:
5641:
5467:
5427:
5397:
5238:
4866:
2765:
2269:
reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony forms; when rubbed with a pestle in a mortar, a strong detonation occurs.
6923:
Ipser, H.; Flandorfer, H.; Luef, Ch.; Schmetterer, C.; Saeed, U. (2007). "Thermodynamics and phase diagrams of lead-free solder materials".
4670:
Certain compounds of antimony appear to be toxic, particularly antimony trioxide and antimony potassium tartrate. Effects may be similar to
10102:
6687:
6347:
5265:
3575:, which would mean "floret", and cites several examples of related Greek words (but not that one) which describe chemical or biological
7312:
Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert
Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March 2010
7878:
Shotyk, W.; Krachler, M.; Chen, B. (2006). "Contamination of
Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers".
1828:
4208:
Antimony is a mineral commodity considered critical to the economic and national security. In 2022, no antimony was mined in the U.S.
3410:
mentioned that antimony sulfide could be roasted by heating by a current of air. It is thought that this produced metallic antimony.
8223:
6002:
5812:
5673:
5182:
4955:
4930:
2349:
1273:
183:
127:
3804:, China accounted for 54.5% of total antimony production, followed in second place by Russia with 18.2% and Tajikistan with 15.5%.
10082:
9626:
8316:
6815:
2265:, but it always contains appreciable chlorine and is not really an antimony allotrope. When scratched with a sharp implement, an
1642:
6656:
8258:
5856:
4178:
1979:
1753:
5361:
8058:
7337:
Antimony in medical history: an account of the medical uses of antimony and its compounds since early times to the present
5495:
Long, G.; Stevens, J. G.; Bowen, L. H.; Ruby, S. L. (1969). "The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide".
8291:
4420:
3695:, while higher-grade ores are heated to 500–600 °C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the
2336:
2332:
5697:
Shortland, A. J. (2006). "Application of Lead Isotope Analysis to a Wide Range of Late Bronze Age Egyptian Materials".
3433:, written around the 14th century. A description of a procedure for isolating antimony is later given in the 1540 book
9619:
6272:
4608:
4571:
2645:
2389:
6741:
Hastie, John W. (1973). "Mass spectrometric studies of flame inhibition: Analysis of antimony trihalides in flames".
4577:
Inhalation of antimony dust is harmful and in certain cases may be fatal; in small doses, antimony causes headaches,
6485:
5066:
10097:
10087:
10072:
8273:
4612:
4330:
3483:, it was recognized that antimony is an element forming sulfides, oxides, and other compounds, as do other metals.
3413:
2258:
5575:
Grund, Sabina C.; Hanusch, Kunibert; Breunig, Hans J.; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2006) "Antimony and Antimony Compounds" in
4567:
3534:. The origin of that is uncertain, and all suggestions have some difficulty either of form or interpretation. The
2319:, with some exceptions. Antimony is the lightest element to have an isotope with an alpha decay branch, excluding
6068:
6034:
4883:
4635:
4367:
4195:
3568:
3507:
3453:. In this context Agricola has been often incorrectly credited with the discovery of metallic antimony. The book
3003:
Arsenic sulfides are not readily attacked by the hydrochloric acid, so this method offers a route to As-free Sb.
1972:
39:
2281:
6.697 g/cm, but the weak bonding between the layers leads to the low hardness and brittleness of antimony.
10011:
9892:
9708:
6460:
5458:
Godfrey, S. M.; McAuliffe, C. A.; Mackie, A. G. & Pritchard, R. G. (1998). Norman, Nicholas C. (ed.).
4246:
3272:
1352:
4266:
3006:
9713:
9703:
6039:
5783:
4459:
3610:
3587:
3499:
3398:
3262:
1692:
1592:
1213:
7819:
7111:
Committee on New Sensor Technologies: Materials And Applications, National Research Council (U.S.) (1995).
6616:
3373:), and a copper object plated with antimony dating between 2500 BC and 2200 BC has been found in
9974:
9966:
5788:
4655:
4519:
4463:
4455:
3082:
3068:
3050:
3032:
3018:
2164:
1927:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1201:
249:
211:
7959:
4222:
2091:
9994:
9847:
9742:
9675:
7591:
4682:
the body through the skin. The presence of low levels of antimony in saliva may also be associated with
4483:
4447:
3773:
3440:
3418:
3331:
2641:
2320:
2068:
2064:
2053:
1763:
3511:
6071:(1919) Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, teil 1. Berlin: Julius Springer (in German). pp. 642–5
4518:
of beryllium. The emitted neutrons have an average energy of 24 keV. Natural antimony is used in
3787:
2394:
Antimony compounds are often classified according to their oxidation state: Sb(III) and Sb(V). The +5
9863:
9770:
9762:
9690:
9658:
8359:
8165:
7995:
7841:
7686:
7565:
7528:
7495:
6750:
6558:
6391:
5896:
5531:
5321:
4345:
3801:
3407:
3121:
3099:
2911:
2907:
2893:
2772:
2723:
2709:
2290:
2262:
2111:
1821:
1659:
1544:
5828:
4818:
3495:
10092:
10077:
10031:
10019:
9835:
9734:
5028:
4515:
4416:
4397:
4351:
3472:
in 1615 who obtained it by adding iron to a molten mixture of antimony sulfide, salt and potassium
3462:
3361:
An artifact, said to be part of a vase, made of antimony dating to about 3000 BC was found at
3296:
2737:
1773:
1362:
8281:
3779:
2059:
China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the
9982:
9943:
9875:
9810:
9685:
9680:
9663:
9642:
7903:
7468:
7266:
7241:
Harder, A. (2002). "Chemotherapeutic approaches to schistosomes: Current knowledge and outlook".
7213:
6940:
6678:
6432:
6245:
6206:
6198:
6142:
5764:
5152:
5109:
4898:
4249:
4199:
3699:
minerals. Antimony can be isolated from the crude antimony sulfide by reduction with scrap iron:
3254:
2751:
2460:
2431:
1579:
1344:
1338:
6521:"Critical Raw Materials Resilience: Charting a Path towards greater Security and Sustainability"
2218:
hardness of 3, which is too soft to mark hard objects. Coins of antimony were issued in China's
1709:
5254:
10067:
9823:
9698:
9210:
8238:
8219:
8193:
8134:
8011:
7968:
7938:
7895:
7857:
7802:
7751:
7702:
7659:
7599:
7536:
7460:
7384:
7378:
7340:
7315:
7291:
7285:
7258:
7172:
7145:
7118:
7091:
7085:
7064:
7058:
7039:
6996:
6963:
6903:
6897:
6876:
6849:
6783:
6721:
6584:
6407:
5998:
5937:
5884:
5852:
5808:
5736:
5730:
5669:
5637:
5463:
5423:
5417:
5393:
5387:
5234:
5178:
5144:
4951:
4926:
4862:
4834:
4671:
4570:, which arsenic does not. Reported cases of intoxication by antimony equivalent to 90 mg
4548:
4375:
4371:
4234:
3535:
3480:
3435:
3351:
3343:
3324:
3258:
3158:
3117:
2948:
2809:
2786:
2575:. When a solution containing this anion is dehydrated, the precipitate contains mixed oxides.
2406:
2200:
2176:
2095:
1965:
1888:
1868:
1859:
1586:
1491:
1481:
1272:
860:
7522:
7486:
Lalovic, M.; Werle, H. (1970). "The energy distribution of antimonyberyllium photoneutrons".
7361:
7166:
7139:
7112:
6870:
6841:
6777:
6713:
6047:
4435:
preparations, such as anthiomaline and lithium antimony thiomalate, as a skin conditioner in
3559:, "against aloneness", explained as "not found as metal", or "not found unalloyed". However,
9912:
9900:
9818:
9274:
8979:
8808:
8637:
8556:
8475:
8448:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8183:
8173:
8124:
8114:
7930:
7887:
7849:
7792:
7782:
7741:
7733:
7694:
7651:
7573:
7503:
7452:
7425:
7250:
7221:
7205:
7029:
6988:
6932:
6758:
6574:
6566:
6399:
6237:
6190:
6163:, vol. 2, pages 443–454 (1813) and vol. 3, pages 51–62, 93–106, 244–255, 353–364 (1814). On
6132:
5949:
5904:
5706:
5580:
5539:
5504:
5329:
5207:
5136:
5101:
4987:
4916:
Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".
4890:
4826:
4766:
4527:
4286:
4278:
3955:
Antimony, and Mercury" having gone into effect, hurdles for economic production are higher.
3621:
3503:
3487:
3469:
3355:
3347:
3280:
3276:
2356:
2060:
2049:
2007:
1938:
1604:
1218:
146:
140:
90:
6602:
5305:
4480:
was once used as a medicine. It could be reused by others after ingestion and elimination.
4177:
For antimony-importing regions such as Europe and the U.S., antimony is considered to be a
3186:, are more reactive. Treating these antimonides with acid produces the highly unstable gas
2409:
is formed when antimony is burnt in air. In the gas phase, the molecule of the compound is
1555:
9718:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8277:
6983:
De Jong, Bernard H. W. S.; Beerkens, Ruud G. C.; Van Nijnatten, Peter A. (2000). "Glass".
6010:
5301:
4593:
4585:
4495:
4424:
4407:
Biology and medicine have few uses for antimony. Treatments containing antimony, known as
4401:
4242:
4238:
4218:
3692:
3523:
3465:
in the 15th century; if it were authentic, which it is not, it would predate Biringuccio.
3449:
3397:
described several ways of preparing antimony sulfide for medical purposes in his treatise
3394:
2649:
2395:
2103:
2034:
2011:
1534:
1455:
84:
7677:
Gebel, T (1997). "Arsenic and antimony: Comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology".
2551:. Transition metal antimonites are also known. Antimonic acid exists only as the hydrate
8269:
8169:
8083:
7845:
7690:
7569:
7532:
7499:
6754:
6562:
6395:
5900:
5535:
5325:
4476:
and neighboring regions have developed resistance to antimony. Elemental antimony as an
3390:
ornaments." This weakens the evidence for a lost art "of rendering antimony malleable".
8339:
8188:
8153:
8129:
8102:
7797:
7770:
7746:
7721:
7226:
7193:
6579:
6546:
6053:
4972:
4675:
4620:
4559:
4507:
3491:
3444:
3257:. Stibine decomposes spontaneously at room temperature. Because stibine has a positive
2304:
2168:
2018:
1906:
1739:
1596:
1372:
1267:
265:
7698:
7594:(1995). "Rabbeinu Hananel's Commentary on Tractate Shabbat". In Metzger, David (ed.).
7556:
Schmitt, H (1960). "Determination of the energy of antimony-beryllium photoneutrons".
7456:
7429:
6804:
2052:. The earliest known description of this metalloid in the West was written in 1540 by
10061:
9433:
7577:
7507:
7380:
Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety: Chemical, industries and occupations
6762:
6210:
5710:
5508:
5156:
4902:
4616:
4477:
4451:
4337:
4270:
4135:
3769:
3576:
3560:
3153:
Compounds in this class generally are described as derivatives of Sb. Antimony forms
2365:
2087:
2026:
1944:
1893:
1719:
1562:
1520:
1326:
1301:
1287:
1183:
1030:
7472:
7270:
7018:"Voltammetric Studies of Antimony Ions in Soda-lime-silica Glass Melts up to 1873 K"
6944:
6028:
5333:
5113:
9487:
9316:
9021:
8421:
8354:
7907:
5871:
4683:
4499:
4487:
4428:
3430:
3386:
2637:
2527:
1729:
1072:
939:
713:
5584:
8051:
7853:
6403:
6370:
6168:
6164:
5802:
5285:
2311:
of 5.76 days. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable Sb tend to decay by
9541:
9505:
9496:
9406:
9388:
9379:
8416:
6520:
5004:
4624:
4589:
4563:
4555:
4440:
4363:
3458:
2604:
2456:
2273:
1808:
1684:
1473:
1114:
1086:
1079:
1009:
995:
988:
8286:
8178:
7737:
6547:"Evaluating the mineral commodity supply risk of the U.S. manufacturing sector"
5887:(1932). "The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists".
5543:
4991:
4894:
4317:
2195:. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature but, if heated, it reacts with
2139:
9650:
9550:
9478:
9451:
9424:
9084:
9066:
9039:
8870:
8861:
8600:
8298:
8028:
7254:
6936:
5967:
5953:
5105:
4884:"Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements"
4703:
4468:
4432:
4408:
4306:
4282:
4153:
4045:
3874:
3319:
3154:
2865:
2633:
2493:
2485:
2316:
2312:
2266:
2238:
2215:
1121:
1065:
1044:
1023:
762:
748:
727:
599:
592:
393:
17:
8154:"Low levels of salivary metals, oral microbiome composition and dental decay"
7603:
6992:
5211:
4838:
4658:(TDI) proposed by WHO is 6 μg antimony per kilogram of body weight. The
3638:
The Arabic word for the substance, as opposed to the cosmetic, can appear as
2179:
of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than
9559:
9532:
9523:
9370:
9352:
9343:
9334:
9120:
9030:
9003:
8951:
8897:
8879:
8843:
8823:
8762:
8699:
8643:
8582:
8571:
8490:
8441:
8431:
8426:
8303:
6267:
4628:
4578:
4511:
4503:
4491:
4274:
4081:
3916:
3671:
3549:
3113:
3096:
2629:
2308:
2300:
2226:
2188:
2172:
2156:
2132:
2030:
1873:
1679:
1526:
1206:
1167:
1128:
1107:
1100:
981:
967:
960:
953:
790:
720:
699:
662:
620:
606:
578:
560:
516:
467:
423:
379:
370:
310:
8197:
8138:
7942:
7899:
7861:
7806:
7663:
7464:
7262:
7209:
7043:
6588:
6570:
6411:
5148:
3652:
3548:, would mean "monk-killer", which is explained by the fact that many early
3425:
Antimony was frequently described in alchemical manuscripts, including the
8119:
7787:
7706:
7034:
7017:
6167:, Berzelius lists the symbol for antimony as "St"; however, starting from
5732:
Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: the Archaeological Evidence
4950:. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.
4830:
3476:. This procedure produced antimony with a crystalline or starred surface.
2348:, China CM29287 Carnegie Museum of Natural History specimen on display in
2151:
1611:
9514:
9415:
9298:
9280:
9255:
9246:
9219:
9192:
9156:
9147:
9129:
9057:
9048:
8814:
8780:
8690:
8681:
8672:
8663:
8618:
8537:
8519:
8454:
7755:
7598:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekhon 'Lev Sameaḥ'. p. 215 (Shabbat 109a).
6492:
5070:
4601:
4597:
4436:
4359:
3473:
3266:
2925:
2579:
2369:
2360:
2345:
2234:
2063:
in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are
2037:
1813:
1093:
1016:
925:
911:
895:
888:
867:
846:
818:
811:
797:
741:
734:
553:
530:
460:
453:
446:
439:
407:
347:
333:
285:
32:
28:
1306:
1908 K (1635 °C, 2975 °F)
9802:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9469:
9460:
9442:
9397:
9325:
9307:
9237:
9183:
9165:
9138:
9111:
9093:
9075:
8985:
8915:
8888:
8852:
8834:
8798:
8789:
8771:
8753:
8652:
8591:
8481:
8436:
6146:
5140:
4819:"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"
4762:
4348:
4322:
4063:
4027:
3895:
3667:
3366:
3187:
3064:
2497:
2489:
2296:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2230:
2219:
2192:
2184:
2099:
1311:
1246:
1152:
1140:
1058:
1051:
1037:
1002:
946:
932:
881:
839:
825:
804:
783:
769:
755:
685:
634:
613:
585:
571:
544:
537:
523:
509:
430:
386:
303:
63:
7217:
6249:
6202:
5264:. London, United Kingdom: Charles Geiffin and Co. Ltd. pp. 6–33.
4770:
3594:
is a scribal corruption of some Arabic form; Meyerhof derives it from
3120:
dissolves in concentrated acid to form oxoantimonyl compounds such as
2307:
states have been characterized. The most stable of these is Sb with a
1554:
9611:
9361:
9289:
9174:
9102:
9012:
8994:
8960:
8924:
8906:
8735:
8726:
8717:
8609:
8562:
8528:
8510:
8465:
7934:
7891:
7655:
7404:
Jang, H & Kim, S. (2000). "The effects of antimony trisulfide (Sb
5922:
5908:
4798:
4412:
4382:
4341:
4298:
4290:
4117:
4099:
4009:
3853:
3696:
3664:
2681:
2196:
2107:
2083:
1293:
974:
918:
832:
776:
706:
692:
669:
641:
627:
495:
488:
481:
400:
363:
340:
326:
294:
8233:
Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils & Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001).
6092:
became corrupted in the medieval "traductions barbaro-latines". The
4647:, Health Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Environment: 6 μg/L
3620:
The ancient words for antimony mostly have, as their chief meaning,
2341:
6241:
6194:
6137:
6120:
5833:(Venice (Italy): Curtio Navo e fratelli, 1540), Book 2, chapter 3:
4971:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
3555:
Another popular etymology is the hypothetical Greek word ἀντίμόνος
2355:
The abundance of antimony in the Earth's crust is estimated at 0.2
2127:
9264:
8969:
8627:
8501:
6779:
Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications
6718:
Flame retardants for plastics and textiles: Practical applications
5837:(On antimony and its ore, third chapter), pp. 27–28. (in Italian)
4544:
4532:
4473:
4462:
invented an much safer antimony(V) drug, and since then so-called
4355:
4316:
4261:
3991:
3832:
3786:
3778:
3522:
The medieval Latin form, from which the modern languages and late
3412:
3374:
3362:
3318:
3005:
2340:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2126:
2075:
1296: (630.63 °C, 1167.13 °F)
1280:
902:
676:
414:
319:
8308:
8107:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
7775:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
7057:
O'Mara, William C.; Herring, Robert B.; Hunt, Lee Philip (1990).
7016:
Yamashita, H.; Yamaguchi, S.; Nishimura, R.; Maekawa, T. (2001).
6680:
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2022
6181:
Albright, W. F. (1918). "Notes on Egypto-Semitic Etymology. II".
5872:
Harold Jantz Collection of German Baroque Literature Reel Listing
5668:
Elschenbroich, C. (2006) "Organometallics". Wiley-VCH: Weinheim.
9228:
9201:
8744:
8708:
8546:
7617:
6454:"Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China"
4294:
3486:
The first discovery of naturally occurring pure antimony in the
3370:
874:
853:
502:
474:
354:
9615:
8312:
7998:, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan); Table 2, p. 84
5769:
A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry
5386:
Reger, Daniel L.; Goode, Scott R. & Ball, David W. (2009).
8933:
7967:(4th ed.). World Health Organization. 2011. p. 314.
6899:
Inorganic Chemistry – A Textbook for Colleges and Schools
6289:
4859:
Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements
4302:
3609:
The standard chemical symbol for antimony (Sb) is credited to
3275:
are typically prepared by alkylation of antimony halides with
3116:
are more common for antimony than for arsenic and phosphorus.
2180:
2079:
1159:
648:
3655:
suggests the first form, which is the earliest, derives from
2868:
and readily accepts fluoride ions to form the complex anions
5634:
Outlines of Chemistry – A Textbook for College Students
5007:'s Commentary on Isaiah 4:30 and I Chronicles 29:2; Hebrew:
4706:: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α
4366:
devices. In the 1950s, the emitters and collectors of n-p-n
8263:
7314:. World Health Organization. 2010. p. 1–2, 55, 67–68.
5791:
translator, supplies a note suggesting the identifications.
4450:, are also considered the drugs of choice for treatment of
2484:), which features both Sb(III) and Sb(V). Unlike oxides of
2323:
and other light nuclides with beta-delayed alpha emission.
173:
167:
117:
111:
7416:) in the automotive brake friction material on friction".
6653:"Interior Releases 2018's Final List of Critical Minerals"
6486:"Study of the antimony market by Roskill Consulting Group"
6009:
Fernando connects the proposed etymology to the story of "
4674:. Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation,
4650:
EU and German Federal Ministry of Environment: 5 μg/L
3552:
were monks, and some antimony compounds were poisonous.
2652:
and S–S bonds. Several thioantimonides are known, such as
2074:
The most common applications for metallic antimony are in
8348:
6183:
The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
5177:(82nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4-4.
3590:
of Arabic medical treatises. Several authorities believe
161:
152:
105:
96:
8299:
CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Antimony
4773:
1565 – c. 1624). Professional historians now agree the
4547:, and the effects of antimony poisoning are similar to
4198:'s 2015 risk list ranks antimony second highest (after
3602:, the Arabic name of the metalloid, and a hypothetical
38:
This article is about the element. For other uses, see
6925:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
6171:, Berzelius consistently uses the symbol "Sb" instead.
4615:(PET) bottles into liquids. While levels observed for
4466:
have been the standard first-line treatment. However,
4439:. Antimony has a nourishing or conditioning effect on
2515:
is unknown, but the conjugate base sodium antimonite (
2214:
Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a
8033:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
6540:
6538:
4370:
were doped with tiny beads of a lead-antimony alloy.
4336:
In the 1990s antimony was increasingly being used in
184:
170:
155:
128:
114:
99:
8152:
Davis, E.; Bakulski, K. M.; Goodrich, J. M. (2020).
7284:
Kassirsky, I. A.; Plotnikov, N. N. (1 August 2003).
5938:"XL. Extracts from the third volume of the analyses"
3174:). The alkali metal and zinc antimonides, such as Na
2455:) can be formed only by oxidation with concentrated
158:
102:
10010:
9959:
9936:
9891:
9727:
9649:
8008:
Screening assessment antimony-containing substances
6776:Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009).
6712:Weil, Edward D.; Levchik, Sergei V. (4 June 2009).
4427:drug from 1919 on. It was subsequently replaced by
3149:
Antimonides, hydrides, and organoantimony compounds
2229:of antimony under standard conditions is metallic,
2090:. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in
1820:
1802:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1752:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1691:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1641:
1603:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1543:
1533:
1519:
1490:
1480:
1454:
1449:
1361:
1351:
1337:
1323:
1310:
1300:
1286:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1239:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1181:
263:
226:
210:
198:
164:
149:
108:
93:
75:
70:
8052:"Toxicological Profile for Antimony and Compounds"
7383:. International Labour Organization. p. 109.
7165:Willardson, Robert K & Beer, Albert C (1970).
6545:Nassar, Nedal T.; et al. (21 February 2020).
6315:
6121:"On Some Interesting Derivations of Mineral Names"
6094:
6027:
5300:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
5200:Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
4525:The powder derived from crushed antimony sulfide (
3563:would more naturally express the pure negative as
2368:), but more frequently it is found in the sulfide
8046:
8044:
8042:
7722:"President's address. Observations upon antimony"
5849:Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft
4973:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
4431:. Antimony and its compounds are used in several
3571:conjectured a hypothetical Greek word ανθήμόνιον
1637: = 1.12736 nm (at 20 °C)
8057:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
7198:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
6226:Al-morchid fi'l-kohhl, ou Le guide d'oculistique
4852:
4850:
4848:
2233:, silver-white, and shiny. It crystallises in a
8218:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
7996:"Revision of Drinking Water Standards in Japan"
6098:asserts some Arabic form is the origin, and if
6017:is found two centuries before Valentine's time.
5835:Del antimonio & sua miniera, Capitolo terzo
5392:(3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 883.
5231:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
4454:. Early treatments used antimony(III) species (
3670:poets of the 5th century BC, and is possibly a
3468:The metal antimony was known to German chemist
2500:, and react with acids to form antimony salts.
2272:Elemental antimony adopts a layered structure (
7596:Perushe Rabenu Ḥananʼel Bar Ḥushiʼel la-Talmud
7524:Physics and engineering of radiation detection
6985:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
6515:
6513:
5577:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2315:, and those that are heavier tend to decay by
10113:Chemical elements with rhombohedral structure
9627:
8324:
6296:, vocalisation, spelling, and declension vary
5847:Priesner, Claus; Figala, Karin, eds. (1998).
5168:
5166:
4925:(86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.
4761:Already in 1710 Wilhelm Gottlob Freiherr von
4645:United States Environmental Protection Agency
4423:, or tartar emetic, was once used as an anti-
4217:Approximately 48% of antimony is consumed in
2459:. Antimony also forms a mixed-valence oxide,
2071:, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.
1980:
1748:3420 m/s (at 20 °C)
1674:417 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
1230:
8:
7726:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
7060:Handbook of semiconductor silicon technology
3663:. The Greek word στίμμι (stimmi) is used by
3639:
3543:
50:
8264:International Antimony Association vzw (i2a
7141:Fundamentals of infrared detector materials
7087:Selected Works of Professor Herbert Kroemer
6803:Butterman, W.C.; Carlin, Jr., J.F. (2004).
6064:
6062:
5460:Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
5310:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
4861:. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International.
4662:(IDLH) value for antimony is 50 mg/m.
3772:while the higher-grade ores are reduced in
3586:include the translations, in 1050–1100, by
3528:
3494:scientist and local mine district engineer
3049:in the gas phase, but in the liquid phase,
47:Chemical element with atomic number 51 (Sb)
10007:
9888:
9634:
9620:
9612:
8331:
8317:
8309:
7873:
7871:
6617:"British Geological Survey Risk list 2015"
5735:. New York: Clarendon Press. p. 241.
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5524:Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
3421:described a procedure to isolate antimony.
3095:is a powerful Lewis acid used to make the
1987:
1973:
1836:
1829:
1610:
276:
62:
8304:Antimony Mineral data and specimen images
8187:
8177:
8128:
8118:
7796:
7786:
7745:
7287:Diseases of Warm Lands: A Clinical Manual
7225:
7033:
6714:"Antimony trioxide and Related Compounds"
6578:
6136:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5453:
5451:
5295:
5293:
3606:, derived from or parallel to the Greek.
3443:, predating the more famous 1556 book by
3242:Stibine can also be produced by treating
8027:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
7117:. National Academies Press. p. 68.
7114:Expanding the vision of sensor materials
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
5411:
5409:
3966:
3806:
2563:, forming salts as the antimonate anion
2380:) which is the predominant ore mineral.
1852:
1378:
272:
9431:
8214:Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997).
7954:
7952:
7290:. The Minerva Group. pp. 262–265.
7090:. World Scientific, 2008. p. 101.
6805:"Mineral Commodity Profiles - Antimony"
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6362:
6360:
6261:
6259:
5497:Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters
5345:
5343:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5049:
5047:
5045:
4790:
4695:
4660:immediately dangerous to life or health
4543:Antimony and many of its compounds are
4321:InSb infrared detector manufactured by
3047:trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry
2261:can be formed from the electrolysis of
9485:
9314:
9019:
6366:
6114:
6112:
6081:
5281:
5248:
5246:
4948:CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3265:and thus antimony does not react with
2430:, but it polymerizes upon condensing.
2033:, it is found in nature mainly as the
49:
9539:
9503:
9494:
9404:
9386:
9377:
7961:Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
6433:"Antimony Statistics and Information"
5175:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
4919:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
4584:Antimony is incompatible with strong
4514:emitted by antimony-124 initiate the
4374:(InSb) is used as a material for mid-
3506:in the Bergslagen mining district of
2766:trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
2082:, which have improved properties for
1931:
1926:
1918:
1915:
1905:
1902:
7:
9548:
9476:
9449:
9422:
9082:
9064:
9037:
8868:
8859:
8259:Public Health Statement for Antimony
7984:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7769:Sundar, S.; Chakravarty, J. (2010).
6440:National Minerals Information Center
6052:, which considers the derivation a "
6048:participating institution membership
5271:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4631:of 5 μg/L. The guidelines are:
4604:. It should be kept away from heat.
4202:) on the relative supply risk index.
3796:Top producers and production volumes
3768:The lower-grade ores are reduced in
3613:, who derived the abbreviation from
3253:salts with hydride reagents such as
2648:, which features antimony in the +3
2303:of 2.75 years. In addition, 29
10108:Materials that expand upon freezing
9557:
9530:
9521:
9368:
9350:
9341:
9332:
9118:
9028:
9001:
8949:
8895:
8877:
8841:
8821:
8760:
8697:
8598:
8580:
8569:
8488:
8064:from the original on 9 October 2022
7923:Journal of Environmental Monitoring
7880:Journal of Environmental Monitoring
7644:Journal of Environmental Monitoring
7363:Trends in usage of antimony: report
6962:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 1–5.
6693:from the original on 9 October 2022
6633:from the original on 9 October 2022
4799:"Standard Atomic Weights: Antimony"
4566:; however, it can also manifest as
4301:, and in hardening alloys with low
3640:
2764:are all molecular compounds having
2578:The most important antimony ore is
1414:
9575:
9512:
9413:
9296:
9278:
9253:
9244:
9217:
9190:
9145:
9127:
9055:
9046:
8940:
8812:
8778:
8688:
8670:
8661:
8641:
8616:
8101:Sundar, S; Chakravarty, J (2010).
7360:National Research Council (1970).
6821:from the original on 24 March 2024
6353:. United States Geological Survey.
6348:"2017 Minerals Yearbook: Antimony"
6224:Sarton, George (1935). "Review of
5389:Chemistry: Principles and Practice
5069:. ukcoinpics.co.uk. Archived from
3791:World production trend of antimony
3526:take their names for antimony, is
2603:). Other sulfide minerals include
1502:2nd: 1594.9 kJ/mol
25:
9467:
9458:
9440:
9395:
9305:
9235:
9208:
9181:
9163:
9154:
9136:
9109:
9091:
9073:
8983:
8913:
8886:
8850:
8796:
8787:
8769:
8751:
8679:
8650:
8589:
8535:
8517:
8479:
8452:
7366:. National Academies. p. 50.
5851:(in German). München: C.H. Beck.
5067:"Metals Used in Coins and Medals"
4415:. Antimony compounds are used as
3479:With the advent of challenges to
2350:Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems
9359:
9323:
9287:
9172:
9100:
9010:
8992:
8922:
8904:
8832:
8733:
8724:
8715:
8560:
8463:
8270:Chemistry in its element podcast
6902:. Read Books. pp. 399–400.
6104:athimodium, atimodium, atimonium
5801:Montserrat Filella, ed. (2021).
5711:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2006.00279.x
5636:. READ BOOKS. pp. 324–325.
4305:content in the manufacturing of
4146:
4128:
4110:
4092:
4074:
4056:
4038:
4020:
4002:
3984:
3968:World antimony reserves in 2022
3909:
3888:
3867:
3846:
3825:
2187:, and less electronegative than
2155:Crystal structure common to Sb,
1960:
1959:
1505:3rd: 2440 kJ/mol
1382:
145:
89:
9262:
8967:
8958:
8625:
8607:
8526:
8508:
7679:Chemico-Biological Interactions
7412:) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO
7377:Stellman, Jeanne Mager (1998).
7063:. William Andrew. p. 473.
6657:United States Geological Survey
6459:. 24 April 2014. Archived from
6228:(Translated by Max Meyerhof)".
5763:Mellor, Joseph William (1964).
5422:. Academic Press. p. 502.
5334:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
4535:and in other Muslim countries.
4260:Antimony forms a highly useful
4233:Antimony is mainly used as the
2785:is prepared by the reaction of
2131:A vial containing the metallic
1499:1st: 834 kJ/mol
9226:
9199:
8742:
8706:
8544:
8499:
7527:. Academic Press. p. 51.
7445:Forensic Science International
7171:. Academic Press. p. 15.
6875:. Read books. pp. 46–47.
5995:Alchemy: an illustrated A to Z
5684:
5656:
5373:
5349:
5027:, and which can also refer to
4446:Antimony-based drugs, such as
3627:The Egyptians called antimony
3598:; other possibilities include
3161:(InSb) and silver antimonide (
1486:Pauling scale: 2.05
1:
9893:Organoantimony(III) compounds
8931:
7699:10.1016/S0009-2797(97)00087-2
7457:10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00118-4
7430:10.1016/s0043-1648(00)00314-8
6848:. CRC Press. pp. 60–61.
6840:Kiehne, Heinz Albert (2003).
5889:Journal of Chemical Education
5585:10.1002/14356007.a03_055.pub2
4882:Anastas Sidiropoulos (2019).
4486:is used in the heads of some
4297:" solders contain 5% Sb), in
3783:World antimony output in 2010
3674:from Arabic or from Egyptian
3461:monk, writing under the name
2680:Antimony forms two series of
2171:, one of the elements called
2029:51. A lustrous grey metal or
1693:Molar magnetic susceptibility
8292:The Periodic Table of Videos
8010:. Health Canada. July 2020.
7854:10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.048
7578:10.1016/0029-5582(60)90171-1
7508:10.1016/0022-3107(70)90058-4
7194:"Antimony's Curious History"
6869:Williams, Robert S. (2007).
6763:10.1016/0010-2180(73)90006-0
6404:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.014
5509:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80231-X
4421:Potassium antimonyl tartrate
3455:Currus Triumphalis Antimonii
2337:Category:Antimonate minerals
2333:Category:Antimonide minerals
2098:is a prominent additive for
1629: = 0.43084 nm
1619: = 0.45066 nm
10103:Minerals in space group 166
10012:Organoantimony(V) compounds
6872:Principles of Metallography
6846:Battery Technology Handbook
6603:"MineralsUK Risk List 2015"
6523:. European Commission. 2020
6273:Online Etymology Dictionary
6069:von Lippmann, Edmund Oscar
5787:, 33.33; W.H.S. Jones, the
5771:. Vol. 9. p. 339.
5619:
5607:
5595:
5556:
5482:
5442:
5255:"The Chemistry of Antimony"
5053:
5039:), Jerusalem 1983 (Hebrew).
4857:Arblaster, John W. (2018).
4775:Currus Triumphalis ...
4572:antimony potassium tartrate
3624:, the sulfide of antimony.
2496:, do not form well-defined
2390:Category:Antimony compounds
10129:
8830:
8659:
8578:
8497:
8461:
8363:
8295:(University of Nottingham)
8274:Royal Society of Chemistry
8179:10.1038/s41598-020-71495-9
7738:10.1177/003591577707001103
7521:Ahmed, Syed Naeem (2007).
7192:Russell, Colin A. (2000).
7144:. SPIE Press. p. 35.
6782:. Hanser. pp. 15–16.
6346:Klochko, Kateryna (2021).
5632:Kahlenberg, Louis (2008).
5544:10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.12.010
4823:Pure and Applied Chemistry
4613:polyethylene terephthalate
4368:alloy junction transistors
4331:polyethylene terephthalate
3800:In 2022, according to the
3385:The British archaeologist
3377:. Austen, at a lecture by
3263:thermodynamically unstable
2924:is prepared by dissolving
2387:
2330:
2288:
2259:explosive form of antimony
2245:and the gray allotrope of
1367:25.23 J/(mol·K)
1325:when liquid (at
1207:group 15 (pnictogens)
568:
436:
376:
316:
291:
37:
26:
9573:
9273:
8978:
8807:
8636:
8555:
8474:
8447:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8358:
8353:
8346:
8216:Chemistry of the Elements
7994:Wakayama, Hiroshi (2003)
7488:Journal of Nuclear Energy
7255:10.1007/s00436-001-0588-x
7138:Kinch, Michael A (2007).
6937:10.1007/s10854-006-9009-3
6035:Oxford English Dictionary
5954:10.1080/14786440308676406
5807:. De Gruyter. p. 4.
5729:Moorey, P. R. S. (1994).
5173:Lide, D. R., ed. (2001).
5106:10.1134/s0020168513070017
4702:The thermal expansion is
4636:World Health Organization
4196:British Geological Survey
3569:Edmund Oscar von Lippmann
3417:The Italian metallurgist
1958:
1954:
1923:
1912:
1899:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1553:
1525:empirical: 140
1371:
1158:
271:
259:
206:
61:
40:Antimony (disambiguation)
7335:McCallum, R. I. (1999).
6993:10.1002/14356007.a12_365
6896:Holmyard, E. J. (2008).
5993:Fernando, Diana (1998).
5416:House, James E. (2008).
5302:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
5212:10.1002/zaac.19552820121
4992:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
4895:10.4225/03/5B0F4BDF98F60
4239:flame-proofing compounds
3808:Antimony mining in 2022
3728:carbothermal reduction:
3273:Organoantimony compounds
3010:Structure of gaseous SbF
2295:Antimony has two stable
2163:Antimony is a member of
2106:. Antimony is used as a
1357:193.43 kJ/mol
27:Not to be confused with
10083:Native element minerals
8088:Encyclopedia Britannica
6384:Environmental Pollution
6125:The American Naturalist
6119:Endlich, F. M. (1888).
6040:Oxford University Press
5827:Vannoccio Biringuccio,
5579:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
5253:Wang, Chung Wu (1919).
4520:startup neutron sources
4464:pentavalent antimonials
4460:Upendranath Brahmachari
3645:ithmid, athmoud, othmod
3588:Constantine the African
3502:was collected from the
1664:24.4 W/(m⋅K)
1654:/K (at 20 °C)
1460:−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2,
7210:10.1098/rsnr.2000.0101
6958:Hull, Charles (1992).
6812:U.S. Geological Survey
6571:10.1126/sciadv.aay8647
6080:Meyerhof as quoted in
5942:Philosophical Magazine
5789:Loeb Classical Library
5685:Greenwood and Earnshaw
5657:Greenwood and Earnshaw
5374:Greenwood and Earnshaw
5350:Greenwood and Earnshaw
4946:Weast, Robert (1984).
4656:tolerable daily intake
4502:is used together with
4326:
4225:, and 8% in plastics.
3792:
3784:
3774:reverberatory furnaces
3544:
3529:
3422:
3328:
3014:
2352:
2160:
2148:
2136:
1768:294–384 MPa
1670:Electrical resistivity
1559:
1241:Electron configuration
212:Standard atomic weight
8120:10.3390/ijerph7124267
7788:10.3390/ijerph7124267
7720:McCallum, RI (1977).
7243:Parasitology Research
7084:Maiti, C. K. (2008).
7035:10.2116/analsci.17.45
5936:Klaproth, M. (1803).
4831:10.1515/pac-2019-0603
4568:Adams–Stokes syndrome
4484:Antimony(III) sulfide
4456:trivalent antimonials
4448:meglumine antimoniate
4320:
3790:
3782:
3723:+ 3 Fe → 2 Sb + 3 FeS
3490:was described by the
3441:Vannoccio Biringuccio
3419:Vannoccio Biringuccio
3416:
3406:The Greek naturalist
3369:(part of present-day
3332:Antimony(III) sulfide
3322:
3157:with metals, such as
3009:
2642:Antimony pentasulfide
2402:Oxides and hydroxides
2344:
2154:
2143:Native antimony with
2142:
2130:
2112:semiconductor devices
2069:reduction with carbon
2054:Vannoccio Biringuccio
1797: (before AD 815)
1621:α = 57.112°
1558:
202:silvery lustrous gray
8084:"Antimony poisoning"
6743:Combustion and Flame
6161:Annals of Philosophy
6102:is the root, posits
5031:. See also Z. Dori,
4443:tissues in animals.
4289:printing machines),
3802:US Geological Survey
3659:, an accusative for
3611:Jöns Jakob Berzelius
3408:Pedanius Dioscorides
3350:) as early as about
3346:as an eye cosmetic (
3342:, was recognized in
3100:fluoroantimonic acid
2908:electrical conductor
2526:) forms upon fusing
2291:Isotopes of antimony
2263:antimony trichloride
1822:Isotopes of antimony
1660:Thermal conductivity
1545:Van der Waals radius
1353:Heat of vaporization
1333:6.53 g/cm
1315:(at 20° C)
8235:Inorganic chemistry
8170:2020NatSR..1014640D
8103:"Antimony Toxicity"
7846:2008WatRe..42..551W
7771:"Antimony Toxicity"
7691:1997CBI...107..131G
7570:1960NucPh..20..220S
7533:2007perd.book.....A
7500:1970JNuE...24..123L
7022:Analytical Sciences
6755:1973CoFl...21...49H
6563:2020SciA....6.8647N
6396:2004EPoll.129..257W
6038:(Online ed.).
5901:1932JChEd...9...11W
5620:Wiberg and Holleman
5608:Wiberg and Holleman
5596:Wiberg and Holleman
5557:Wiberg and Holleman
5536:2007JPCS...68.1215L
5483:Wiberg and Holleman
5443:Wiberg and Holleman
5419:Inorganic chemistry
5326:2003NuPhA.729....3A
5135:(37): 15259–15267.
5094:Inorganic Materials
5073:on 26 December 2010
5054:Wiberg and Holleman
5029:antimony trisulfide
4641:Japan: 15 μg/L
4516:photodisintegration
4398:phase-change memory
4267:lead–acid batteries
4223:lead–acid batteries
4200:rare earth elements
3969:
3809:
3538:, from ἀντίμοναχός
3463:Basilius Valentinus
3297:pentaphenylantimony
2492:, these oxides are
2092:lead–acid batteries
1539:139±5 pm
1492:Ionization energies
1374:Vapor pressure
1363:Molar heat capacity
1262:Physical properties
1254:Electrons per shell
58:
9643:Antimony compounds
8237:. Academic Press.
8158:Scientific Reports
7339:. Pentland Press.
7168:Infrared detectors
6498:on 18 October 2012
5885:Weeks, Mary Elvira
5141:10.1039/D3NR03536K
5033:Antimony and Henna
4562:and the resulting
4376:infrared detectors
4327:
4313:Other applications
4285:(for example, for
4273:), in bullets and
3967:
3807:
3793:
3785:
3582:The early uses of
3427:Summa Perfectionis
3423:
3393:The Roman scholar
3329:
3325:alchemical symbols
3255:sodium borohydride
3015:
2910:. The trichloride
2646:non-stoichiometric
2461:antimony tetroxide
2432:Antimony pentoxide
2353:
2161:
2149:
2137:
1966:Category: Antimony
1576:Natural occurrence
1566:
1560:
1165:
1148:
10098:Trigonal minerals
10088:Nuclear materials
10073:Chemical elements
10055:
10054:
10051:
10050:
9932:
9931:
9609:
9608:
9602:
9601:
9568:
9567:
8244:978-0-12-352651-9
8113:(12): 4267–4277.
8016:978-0-660-32826-3
7974:978-92-4-154815-1
7781:(12): 4267–4277.
7650:(12): 1214–1219.
7542:978-0-12-045581-2
7390:978-92-2-109816-4
7346:978-1-85821-642-3
7321:978-92-4-120949-6
7297:978-1-4102-0789-0
7178:978-0-12-752105-3
7151:978-0-8194-6731-7
7124:978-0-309-05175-0
7097:978-981-270-901-1
7070:978-0-8155-1237-0
7002:978-3-527-30673-2
6969:978-0-7478-0152-8
6909:978-1-4437-2253-7
6882:978-1-4067-4671-6
6855:978-0-8247-4249-2
6842:"Types of Alloys"
6789:978-3-446-41652-9
6727:978-3-446-41652-9
6309:Lewis and Short:
6266:Harper, Douglas.
6106:as intermediates.
6054:popular etymology
6046:(Subscription or
5923:"Native antimony"
5830:De la Pirotechnia
5742:978-1-57506-042-2
5643:978-1-4097-6995-8
5469:978-0-7514-0389-3
5429:978-0-12-356786-4
5399:978-0-534-42012-3
5362:Antimony minerals
5314:Nuclear Physics A
5309:
5239:978-0-471-48494-3
4980:Chinese Physics C
4868:978-1-62708-155-9
4672:arsenic poisoning
4549:arsenic poisoning
4372:Indium antimonide
4170:
4169:
3952:
3951:
3753:+ 3 C → 4 Sb + 3
3536:popular etymology
3481:phlogiston theory
3436:De la pirotechnia
3379:Herbert Gladstone
3344:predynastic Egypt
3277:Grignard reagents
3259:heat of formation
3159:indium antimonide
3118:Antimony trioxide
3017:The pentahalides
2949:hydrochloric acid
2708:. The trihalides
2407:Antimony trioxide
2357:parts per million
2201:antimony trioxide
2177:electronegativity
2096:Antimony trioxide
2001:
2000:
1950:
1949:
1806:"Sb": from Latin
1794:Arabic alchemists
1734:42 GPa
1724:20 GPa
1714:55 GPa
1680:Magnetic ordering
1643:Thermal expansion
1605:Lattice constants
1587:Crystal structure
1561:
1549:206 pm
1482:Electronegativity
1450:Atomic properties
1444:
1443:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1146:
1136:
1135:
862:Mercury (element)
16:(Redirected from
10120:
10008:
9889:
9636:
9629:
9622:
9613:
9578:
9577:
9564:
9562:
9555:
9553:
9546:
9544:
9537:
9535:
9528:
9526:
9519:
9517:
9510:
9508:
9501:
9499:
9492:
9490:
9483:
9481:
9474:
9472:
9465:
9463:
9456:
9454:
9447:
9445:
9438:
9436:
9429:
9427:
9420:
9418:
9411:
9409:
9402:
9400:
9393:
9391:
9384:
9382:
9375:
9373:
9366:
9364:
9357:
9355:
9348:
9346:
9339:
9337:
9330:
9328:
9321:
9319:
9312:
9310:
9303:
9301:
9294:
9292:
9285:
9283:
9269:
9267:
9260:
9258:
9251:
9249:
9242:
9240:
9233:
9231:
9224:
9222:
9215:
9213:
9206:
9204:
9197:
9195:
9188:
9186:
9179:
9177:
9170:
9168:
9161:
9159:
9152:
9150:
9143:
9141:
9134:
9132:
9125:
9123:
9116:
9114:
9107:
9105:
9098:
9096:
9089:
9087:
9080:
9078:
9071:
9069:
9062:
9060:
9053:
9051:
9044:
9042:
9035:
9033:
9026:
9024:
9017:
9015:
9008:
9006:
8999:
8997:
8990:
8988:
8974:
8972:
8965:
8963:
8956:
8954:
8947:
8945:
8938:
8936:
8929:
8927:
8920:
8918:
8911:
8909:
8902:
8900:
8893:
8891:
8884:
8882:
8875:
8873:
8866:
8864:
8857:
8855:
8848:
8846:
8839:
8837:
8828:
8826:
8819:
8817:
8803:
8801:
8794:
8792:
8785:
8783:
8776:
8774:
8767:
8765:
8758:
8756:
8749:
8747:
8740:
8738:
8731:
8729:
8722:
8720:
8713:
8711:
8704:
8702:
8695:
8693:
8686:
8684:
8677:
8675:
8668:
8666:
8657:
8655:
8648:
8646:
8632:
8630:
8623:
8621:
8614:
8612:
8605:
8603:
8596:
8594:
8587:
8585:
8576:
8574:
8567:
8565:
8551:
8549:
8542:
8540:
8533:
8531:
8524:
8522:
8515:
8513:
8506:
8504:
8495:
8493:
8486:
8484:
8470:
8468:
8459:
8457:
8349:
8333:
8326:
8319:
8310:
8248:
8229:
8202:
8201:
8191:
8181:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8132:
8122:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8063:
8056:
8048:
8037:
8036:
8024:
8018:
8005:
7999:
7992:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7966:
7956:
7947:
7946:
7935:10.1039/b926551a
7918:
7912:
7911:
7892:10.1039/b517844b
7875:
7866:
7865:
7829:
7823:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7800:
7790:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7749:
7717:
7711:
7710:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7656:10.1039/b509202g
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7592:Rabbeinu Hananel
7588:
7582:
7581:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7281:
7275:
7274:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7135:
7129:
7128:
7108:
7102:
7101:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7037:
7013:
7007:
7006:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6955:
6949:
6948:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6893:
6887:
6886:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6820:
6809:
6800:
6794:
6793:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6692:
6685:
6674:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6632:
6621:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6582:
6542:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6517:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6497:
6491:. Archived from
6490:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6465:
6458:
6450:
6444:
6443:
6437:
6429:
6416:
6415:
6379:
6373:
6364:
6355:
6354:
6352:
6343:
6324:
6311:Latin Dictionary
6299:Celsus, 6.6.6 ff
6284:
6278:
6277:
6263:
6254:
6253:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6178:
6172:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6140:
6116:
6107:
6078:
6072:
6066:
6057:
6051:
6043:
6031:
6024:
6018:
6008:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5909:10.1021/ed009p11
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5844:
5838:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5798:
5792:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5760:
5747:
5746:
5726:
5715:
5714:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5573:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5455:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5338:
5337:
5307:
5297:
5288:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5233:, 5th ed. 2004.
5227:
5216:
5215:
5206:(1–6): 177–195.
5195:
5189:
5188:
5170:
5161:
5160:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5040:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4977:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4888:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4854:
4843:
4842:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4795:
4779:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4735:
4733:
4720:
4718:
4700:
4586:oxidizing agents
4279:electrical cable
4243:polyester resins
4229:Flame retardants
4219:flame retardants
4179:critical mineral
4152:
4150:
4149:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3970:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3810:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3643:
3642:
3547:
3532:
3504:Sala Silver Mine
3470:Andreas Libavius
3356:cosmetic palette
3281:triphenylstibine
3252:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3133:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3027:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:The trifluoride
2762:
2761:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2503:Antimonous acid
2483:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2398:is more common.
2359:, comparable to
2279:
2225:The only stable
2104:flame retardants
2061:Xikuangshan Mine
2008:chemical element
1989:
1982:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1941:
1934:
1885:
1853:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1798:
1764:Brinell hardness
1745:
1703:
1701:
1653:
1651:
1614:
1571:Other properties
1471:
1465:
1456:Oxidation states
1422:
1418:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1330:
1316:
1277:
1276:
1232:
1193:
1192:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
563:
556:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
449:
442:
433:
426:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
373:
366:
357:
350:
343:
336:
329:
322:
313:
306:
297:
288:
282:
281:
277:
273:
264:Antimony in the
247:
245:
238:
236:
222:
187:
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
144:
131:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
88:
66:
59:
57:
21:
10128:
10127:
10123:
10122:
10121:
10119:
10118:
10117:
10058:
10057:
10056:
10047:
10043:
10039:
10035:
10027:
10023:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9990:
9986:
9978:
9970:
9955:
9951:
9947:
9928:
9924:
9920:
9916:
9908:
9904:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9871:
9867:
9859:
9855:
9851:
9843:
9839:
9831:
9827:
9814:
9806:
9798:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9774:
9766:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9738:
9723:
9694:
9671:
9667:
9645:
9640:
9610:
9605:
9604:
9603:
9569:
9560:
9558:
9551:
9549:
9542:
9540:
9533:
9531:
9524:
9522:
9515:
9513:
9506:
9504:
9497:
9495:
9488:
9486:
9479:
9477:
9470:
9468:
9461:
9459:
9452:
9450:
9443:
9441:
9434:
9432:
9425:
9423:
9416:
9414:
9407:
9405:
9398:
9396:
9389:
9387:
9380:
9378:
9371:
9369:
9362:
9360:
9353:
9351:
9344:
9342:
9335:
9333:
9326:
9324:
9317:
9315:
9308:
9306:
9299:
9297:
9290:
9288:
9281:
9279:
9265:
9263:
9256:
9254:
9247:
9245:
9238:
9236:
9229:
9227:
9220:
9218:
9211:
9209:
9202:
9200:
9193:
9191:
9184:
9182:
9175:
9173:
9166:
9164:
9157:
9155:
9148:
9146:
9139:
9137:
9130:
9128:
9121:
9119:
9112:
9110:
9103:
9101:
9094:
9092:
9085:
9083:
9076:
9074:
9067:
9065:
9058:
9056:
9049:
9047:
9040:
9038:
9031:
9029:
9022:
9020:
9013:
9011:
9004:
9002:
8995:
8993:
8986:
8984:
8970:
8968:
8961:
8959:
8952:
8950:
8943:
8941:
8934:
8932:
8925:
8923:
8916:
8914:
8907:
8905:
8898:
8896:
8889:
8887:
8880:
8878:
8871:
8869:
8862:
8860:
8853:
8851:
8844:
8842:
8835:
8833:
8824:
8822:
8815:
8813:
8799:
8797:
8790:
8788:
8781:
8779:
8772:
8770:
8763:
8761:
8754:
8752:
8745:
8743:
8736:
8734:
8727:
8725:
8718:
8716:
8709:
8707:
8700:
8698:
8691:
8689:
8682:
8680:
8673:
8671:
8664:
8662:
8653:
8651:
8644:
8642:
8628:
8626:
8619:
8617:
8610:
8608:
8601:
8599:
8592:
8590:
8583:
8581:
8572:
8570:
8563:
8561:
8547:
8545:
8538:
8536:
8529:
8527:
8520:
8518:
8511:
8509:
8502:
8500:
8491:
8489:
8482:
8480:
8466:
8464:
8455:
8453:
8342:
8337:
8278:Chemistry World
8272:(MP3) from the
8255:
8245:
8232:
8226:
8213:
8210:
8205:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8100:
8099:
8095:
8082:
8081:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8061:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8040:
8026:
8025:
8021:
8006:
8002:
7993:
7989:
7981:
7975:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7950:
7920:
7919:
7915:
7877:
7876:
7869:
7831:
7830:
7826:
7818:
7814:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7719:
7718:
7714:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7590:
7589:
7585:
7558:Nuclear Physics
7555:
7554:
7550:
7543:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7442:
7441:
7437:
7418:Journal of Wear
7415:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7391:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7347:
7334:
7333:
7329:
7322:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7298:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7179:
7164:
7163:
7159:
7152:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7125:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7098:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7071:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7003:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6910:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6883:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6856:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6807:
6802:
6801:
6797:
6790:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6728:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6661:
6659:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6557:(8): eaay8647.
6544:
6543:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6519:
6518:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6488:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6419:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6365:
6358:
6350:
6345:
6344:
6327:
6323:
6319:, s. "antimony"
6304:Natural History
6285:
6281:
6265:
6264:
6257:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6180:
6179:
6175:
6158:
6154:
6118:
6117:
6110:
6084:, asserts that
6079:
6075:
6067:
6060:
6045:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6011:Basil Valentine
6005:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5977:
5975:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5870:
5866:
5859:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5826:
5822:
5815:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5784:Natural history
5780:
5776:
5762:
5761:
5750:
5743:
5728:
5727:
5718:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5683:
5679:
5667:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5618:
5614:
5606:
5602:
5594:
5590:
5574:
5563:
5555:
5551:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5457:
5456:
5449:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5368:
5360:
5356:
5348:
5341:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5280:
5276:
5268:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5228:
5219:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5052:
5043:
5003:
4999:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4958:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4922:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4869:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4760:
4756:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4668:
4541:
4508:neutron sources
4458:), but in 1922
4402:computer memory
4396:is used as for
4394:
4390:
4386:
4362:detectors, and
4315:
4258:
4231:
4215:
4175:
4147:
4145:
4129:
4127:
4111:
4109:
4093:
4091:
4075:
4073:
4057:
4055:
4039:
4037:
4021:
4019:
4003:
4001:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3965:
3910:
3908:
3889:
3887:
3868:
3866:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3824:
3798:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3693:froth flotation
3689:
3684:
3524:Byzantine Greek
3520:
3450:De re metallica
3400:Natural History
3395:Pliny the Elder
3341:
3337:
3317:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3109:
3105:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3013:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:oxidation state
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2396:oxidation state
2392:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2339:
2329:
2293:
2287:
2277:
2256:
2210:
2206:
2125:
2120:
2118:Characteristics
2086:, bullets, and
2047:
2043:
2035:sulfide mineral
1993:
1968:
1937:
1932:
1883:
1876:
1869:abundance
1842:
1824:
1796:
1778:7440-36-0
1743:
1710:Young's modulus
1699:
1697:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1535:Covalent radius
1515:
1467:
1461:
1445:
1420:
1388:
1324:
1319:6.694 g/cm
1314:
1270:
1257:2, 8, 18, 18, 5
1186:
1182:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
903:
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
693:
686:
677:
670:
663:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
561:
554:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
440:
431:
424:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
371:
364:
355:
348:
341:
334:
327:
320:
311:
304:
295:
286:
255:
243:
241:
234:
232:
220:
214:
194:
185:
181:
148:
139:
138:
129:
125:
92:
83:
82:
55:
52:Antimony,
51:
48:
43:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10126:
10124:
10116:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10060:
10059:
10053:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10045:
10041:
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10016:
10014:
10005:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9972:
9968:
9963:
9961:
9957:
9956:
9954:
9953:
9949:
9945:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9927:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9897:
9895:
9886:
9885:
9881:
9877:
9873:
9869:
9865:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9821:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9756:
9752:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9736:
9731:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9692:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9655:
9653:
9647:
9646:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9631:
9624:
9616:
9607:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9570:
9566:
9565:
9556:
9547:
9538:
9529:
9520:
9511:
9502:
9493:
9484:
9475:
9466:
9457:
9448:
9439:
9430:
9421:
9412:
9403:
9394:
9385:
9376:
9367:
9358:
9349:
9340:
9331:
9322:
9313:
9304:
9295:
9286:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9261:
9252:
9243:
9234:
9225:
9216:
9207:
9198:
9189:
9180:
9171:
9162:
9153:
9144:
9135:
9126:
9117:
9108:
9099:
9090:
9081:
9072:
9063:
9054:
9045:
9036:
9027:
9018:
9009:
9000:
8991:
8982:
8976:
8975:
8966:
8957:
8948:
8939:
8930:
8921:
8912:
8903:
8894:
8885:
8876:
8867:
8858:
8849:
8840:
8831:
8829:
8820:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8795:
8786:
8777:
8768:
8759:
8750:
8741:
8732:
8723:
8714:
8705:
8696:
8687:
8678:
8669:
8660:
8658:
8649:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8624:
8615:
8606:
8597:
8588:
8579:
8577:
8568:
8559:
8553:
8552:
8543:
8534:
8525:
8516:
8507:
8498:
8496:
8487:
8478:
8472:
8471:
8462:
8460:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8344:
8343:
8340:Periodic table
8338:
8336:
8335:
8328:
8321:
8313:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8284:
8267:
8261:
8254:
8253:External links
8251:
8250:
8249:
8243:
8230:
8224:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8203:
8144:
8093:
8075:
8038:
8019:
8000:
7987:
7973:
7948:
7913:
7867:
7834:Water Research
7824:
7812:
7761:
7732:(11): 756–63.
7712:
7669:
7634:
7609:
7583:
7548:
7541:
7513:
7478:
7435:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7396:
7389:
7369:
7352:
7345:
7327:
7320:
7303:
7296:
7276:
7233:
7204:(1): 115–116.
7184:
7177:
7157:
7150:
7130:
7123:
7103:
7096:
7076:
7069:
7049:
7008:
7001:
6975:
6968:
6950:
6915:
6908:
6888:
6881:
6861:
6854:
6832:
6795:
6788:
6768:
6733:
6726:
6704:
6669:
6644:
6608:
6594:
6534:
6509:
6477:
6466:on 2 June 2014
6445:
6417:
6374:
6356:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6297:
6286:
6279:
6255:
6242:10.1086/346926
6236:(2): 539-542.
6216:
6195:10.1086/369866
6189:(4): 215–255.
6173:
6152:
6138:10.1086/274630
6131:(253): 21–32.
6108:
6073:
6058:
6019:
6003:
5985:
5974:. 22 May 2024
5972:Britannica.com
5959:
5928:
5914:
5876:
5864:
5857:
5839:
5820:
5813:
5793:
5774:
5748:
5741:
5716:
5689:
5677:
5661:
5649:
5642:
5624:
5612:
5600:
5588:
5561:
5549:
5514:
5487:
5475:
5468:
5447:
5435:
5428:
5405:
5398:
5378:
5366:
5354:
5339:
5289:
5286:pp. 50–51
5274:
5242:
5229:"Antimony" in
5217:
5190:
5183:
5162:
5119:
5100:(8): 766–769.
5084:
5058:
5041:
4997:
4963:
4956:
4938:
4931:
4908:
4889:. p. 39.
4874:
4867:
4844:
4808:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4754:
4741:
4737:
4722:
4707:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4676:pneumoconiosis
4667:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4638:: 20 μg/L
4621:drinking water
4560:cardiotoxicity
4540:
4537:
4488:safety matches
4411:, are used as
4392:
4388:
4384:
4338:semiconductors
4314:
4311:
4257:
4254:
4230:
4227:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:United States:
4203:
4192:United Kingdom
4189:
4186:European Union
4174:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:>1,800,000
4164:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4016:
4015:
4012:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3964:
3961:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3797:
3794:
3770:blast furnaces
3766:
3765:
3759:
3747:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3519:
3516:
3496:Anton von Swab
3358:was invented.
3339:
3335:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3222:
3211:
3196:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3150:
3147:
3139:
3130:
3107:
3103:
3088:
3081:is monomeric.
3074:
3056:
3038:
3024:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2960:
2940:
2931:
2917:
2899:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2821:
2801:
2792:
2778:
2757:
2743:
2729:
2715:
2702:
2690:
2677:
2674:
2667:
2657:
2622:
2613:
2597:
2588:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2536:
2520:
2509:
2478:
2469:
2449:
2440:
2424:
2415:
2403:
2400:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2328:
2325:
2289:Main article:
2286:
2283:
2254:
2208:
2204:
2169:periodic table
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2088:plain bearings
2078:with lead and
2045:
2041:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:Main isotopes
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1740:Speed of sound
1736:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1563:Spectral lines
1551:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:Heat of fusion
1335:
1334:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:] 4d 5s 5p
1243:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
908:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
690:
682:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
567:
565:
558:
550:
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
472:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
435:
428:
420:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
375:
368:
360:
359:
352:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
315:
308:
300:
299:
292:
290:
280:
269:
268:
266:periodic table
261:
260:
257:
256:
254:
253:
239:
229:
227:
224:
223:
218:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
193:
192:
136:
79:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
53:
46:
24:
18:Black antimony
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10125:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10063:
10044:
10030:
10028:
10018:
10017:
10015:
10013:
10009:
10003:
9993:
9991:
9981:
9979:
9973:
9971:
9965:
9964:
9962:
9958:
9952:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9935:
9925:
9911:
9909:
9899:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9890:
9884:
9874:
9872:
9862:
9860:
9846:
9844:
9834:
9832:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9801:
9799:
9777:
9775:
9769:
9767:
9761:
9759:
9741:
9739:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9652:
9648:
9644:
9637:
9632:
9630:
9625:
9623:
9618:
9617:
9614:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9572:
9563:
9554:
9545:
9536:
9527:
9518:
9509:
9500:
9491:
9482:
9473:
9464:
9455:
9446:
9437:
9428:
9419:
9410:
9401:
9392:
9383:
9374:
9365:
9356:
9347:
9338:
9329:
9320:
9311:
9302:
9293:
9284:
9276:
9272:
9268:
9259:
9250:
9241:
9232:
9223:
9214:
9205:
9196:
9187:
9178:
9169:
9160:
9151:
9142:
9133:
9124:
9115:
9106:
9097:
9088:
9079:
9070:
9061:
9052:
9043:
9034:
9025:
9016:
9007:
8998:
8989:
8981:
8977:
8973:
8964:
8955:
8946:
8937:
8928:
8919:
8910:
8901:
8892:
8883:
8874:
8865:
8856:
8847:
8838:
8827:
8818:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8793:
8784:
8775:
8766:
8757:
8748:
8739:
8730:
8721:
8712:
8703:
8694:
8685:
8676:
8667:
8656:
8647:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8622:
8613:
8604:
8595:
8586:
8575:
8566:
8558:
8554:
8550:
8541:
8532:
8523:
8514:
8505:
8494:
8485:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8458:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8341:
8334:
8329:
8327:
8322:
8320:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8275:
8271:
8268:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8246:
8240:
8236:
8231:
8227:
8225:0-7506-3365-4
8221:
8217:
8212:
8211:
8208:Cited sources
8207:
8199:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8148:
8145:
8140:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8097:
8094:
8089:
8085:
8079:
8076:
8060:
8053:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7988:
7980:
7976:
7970:
7963:
7962:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7917:
7914:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7886:(2): 288–92.
7885:
7881:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7820:Antimony MSDS
7816:
7813:
7808:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7765:
7762:
7757:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7716:
7713:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7685:(3): 131–44.
7684:
7680:
7673:
7670:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7638:
7635:
7623:
7619:
7613:
7610:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7587:
7584:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7552:
7549:
7544:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7525:
7517:
7514:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7482:
7479:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7451:(3): 174–91.
7450:
7446:
7439:
7436:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7400:
7397:
7392:
7386:
7382:
7381:
7373:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7356:
7353:
7348:
7342:
7338:
7331:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7304:
7299:
7293:
7289:
7288:
7280:
7277:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7237:
7234:
7228:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7188:
7185:
7180:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7161:
7158:
7153:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7134:
7131:
7126:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7107:
7104:
7099:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7080:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7062:
7061:
7053:
7050:
7045:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7012:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6979:
6976:
6971:
6965:
6961:
6954:
6951:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6931:(1–3): 3–17.
6930:
6926:
6919:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6892:
6889:
6884:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6865:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6833:
6817:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6772:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6737:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6708:
6705:
6689:
6682:
6681:
6673:
6670:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6629:
6625:
6618:
6612:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6595:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6494:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6462:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6441:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6390:(2): 257–66.
6389:
6385:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6349:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6320:
6318:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6232:(in French).
6231:
6227:
6220:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6030:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6004:9780713726688
6000:
5997:. Blandford.
5996:
5989:
5986:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5932:
5929:
5925:. Mindat.org.
5924:
5918:
5915:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5821:
5816:
5814:9783110668711
5810:
5806:
5805:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:3-527-29390-6
5671:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5635:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5559:, pp. 761–762
5558:
5553:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5530:(5–6): 1215.
5529:
5525:
5518:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5267:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5202:(in German).
5201:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5184:0-8493-0482-2
5180:
5176:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5088:
5085:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4986:(3): 030001.
4985:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4957:0-8493-0464-4
4953:
4949:
4942:
4939:
4934:
4932:0-8493-0486-5
4928:
4921:
4920:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4809:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4785:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4767:Johann Thölde
4764:
4758:
4755:
4728: =
4725:
4713: =
4710:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4617:bottled water
4614:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4594:halogen acids
4591:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:antimony pill
4475:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4452:leishmaniasis
4449:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4417:antiprotozoan
4414:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4381:The material
4379:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:Babbitt metal
4268:
4263:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4172:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4136:United States
4126:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3982:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3577:efflorescence
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:ancient Greek
3558:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3540:anti-monachos
3537:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:in 1783; the
3497:
3493:
3489:
3488:Earth's crust
3484:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3189:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3080:
3066:
3062:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3008:
3004:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2923:
2909:
2905:
2867:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2784:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2749:
2735:
2721:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2606:
2581:
2576:
2529:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2462:
2458:
2433:
2408:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2367:
2366:Antimony Peak
2362:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:, and has an
2174:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:atomic number
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1994: |
1990:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:2.7576 y
1929:
1922:
1911:
1908:
1898:
1895:
1894:product
1892:
1890:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:Mohs hardness
1751:
1747:
1744:thin rod
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:Shear modulus
1717:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:Atomic radius
1518:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1302:Boiling point
1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:Melting point
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:period 5
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:Atomic number
1180:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1142:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1032:Rutherfordium
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
917:
915:
910:
909:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
885:
880:
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
824:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
796:
794:
789:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
684:
683:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
647:
645:
640:
638:
633:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
603:
598:
596:
591:
589:
584:
582:
577:
575:
570:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
501:
499:
494:
492:
487:
485:
480:
478:
473:
471:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
434:
429:
427:
422:
421:
418:
413:
411:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
385:
383:
378:
374:
369:
367:
362:
361:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
314:
309:
307:
302:
301:
298:
293:
289:
284:
283:
279:
278:
275:
274:
270:
267:
262:
258:
251:
240:
231:
230:
228:
225:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
190:
189:
178:
142:
137:
134:
133:
122:
86:
81:
80:
78:
76:Pronunciation
74:
69:
65:
60:
45:
41:
34:
30:
19:
8942:
8290:
8234:
8215:
8164:(1): 14640.
8161:
8157:
8147:
8110:
8106:
8096:
8087:
8078:
8066:. Retrieved
8022:
8003:
7990:
7960:
7929:(4): 822–4.
7926:
7922:
7916:
7883:
7879:
7840:(3): 551–6.
7837:
7833:
7827:
7815:
7778:
7774:
7764:
7729:
7725:
7715:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7621:
7612:
7595:
7586:
7561:
7557:
7551:
7523:
7516:
7491:
7487:
7481:
7448:
7444:
7438:
7421:
7417:
7399:
7379:
7372:
7362:
7355:
7336:
7330:
7311:
7306:
7286:
7279:
7249:(5): 395–7.
7246:
7242:
7236:
7201:
7197:
7187:
7167:
7160:
7140:
7133:
7113:
7106:
7086:
7079:
7059:
7052:
7028:(1): 45–50.
7025:
7021:
7011:
6984:
6978:
6959:
6953:
6928:
6924:
6918:
6898:
6891:
6871:
6864:
6845:
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6811:
6798:
6778:
6771:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6717:
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6679:
6677:"Antimony".
6672:
6660:. Retrieved
6647:
6635:. Retrieved
6623:
6611:
6597:
6554:
6550:
6525:. Retrieved
6500:. Retrieved
6493:the original
6480:
6468:. Retrieved
6461:the original
6448:
6439:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6316:
6310:
6303:
6293:
6282:
6271:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6160:
6155:
6128:
6124:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6076:
6033:
6022:
6014:
6013:", although
5994:
5988:
5976:. Retrieved
5971:
5962:
5945:
5944:. Series 1.
5941:
5931:
5917:
5892:
5888:
5879:
5867:
5848:
5842:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5803:
5796:
5782:
5777:
5768:
5731:
5702:
5699:Archaeometry
5698:
5692:
5680:
5664:
5652:
5633:
5627:
5615:
5603:
5591:
5576:
5552:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5478:
5462:. Springer.
5459:
5438:
5418:
5388:
5381:
5369:
5364:. mindat.org
5357:
5317:
5313:
5277:
5261:
5230:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5174:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5075:. Retrieved
5071:the original
5061:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4983:
4979:
4966:
4947:
4941:
4918:
4911:
4877:
4858:
4822:
4811:
4793:
4774:
4757:
4723:
4708:
4698:
4684:dental decay
4680:
4669:
4653:
4623:guidelines,
4606:
4590:strong acids
4583:
4576:
4553:
4542:
4526:
4524:
4500:Antimony-124
4482:
4467:
4445:
4429:praziquantel
4425:schistosomal
4406:
4400:, a type of
4380:
4335:
4328:
4325:in the 1960s
4259:
4232:
4216:
4213:Applications
4205:
4191:
4185:
4176:
4163:Total world
3957:
3953:
3942:Total world
3929:
3799:
3767:
3726:
3690:
3675:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3554:
3539:
3527:
3521:
3485:
3478:
3467:
3454:
3448:
3434:
3431:Pseudo-Geber
3426:
3424:
3405:
3399:
3392:
3387:Roger Moorey
3384:
3360:
3352:3100 BC
3330:
3327:for antimony
3271:
3241:
3152:
3112:
3016:
3002:
2975:+ 6 HCl → 2
2866:Lewis acidic
2863:
2770:
2679:
2638:boulangerite
2577:
2528:sodium oxide
2502:
2405:
2393:
2354:
2294:
2271:
2224:
2213:
2162:
2102:-containing
2073:
2067:followed by
2058:
2022:
2014:
2003:
2002:
1878:
1807:
1730:Bulk modulus
1704: cm/mol
1631:
1623:
1616:
1593:rhombohedral
1468:
1462:
1415:
1383:
1373:
1292:903.78
1188:
1074:Darmstadtium
941:Protactinium
715:Praseodymium
655:
215:
44:
9651:Antimonides
7627:18 February
6624:Minerals UK
6367:Norman 1998
6169:p. 248
6082:Sarton 1935
5948:(67): 230.
5282:Norman 1998
5037:הפוך והכופר
5015:, Aramaic:
5005:David Kimhi
4704:anisotropic
4625:fruit juice
4564:myocarditis
4556:methylation
4539:Precautions
4472:strains in
4441:keratinized
4409:antimonials
4364:Hall-effect
4307:organ pipes
4281:sheathing,
4173:Supply risk
3819:% of total
3573:anthemonion
3512:Västmanland
3500:type-sample
3459:Benedictine
3354:, when the
3323:One of the
3155:antimonides
2836:+ 6 HF → 2
2605:pyrargyrite
2457:nitric acid
2274:space group
2199:to produce
2159:and gray As
2135:of antimony
1685:diamagnetic
1565:of antimony
1408:100 k
1343:19.79
1116:Livermorium
1088:Copernicium
1081:Roentgenium
1011:Mendelevium
997:Einsteinium
990:Californium
188:-tə-moh-nee
10093:Pnictogens
10078:Metalloids
10062:Categories
7622:sunnah.com
7494:(3): 123.
7424:(2): 229.
6720:. Hanser.
6697:1 February
6662:1 February
6637:2 February
6527:2 February
6470:14 October
6371:p. 45
6268:"antimony"
6165:p. 52
6050:required.)
6029:"Antimony"
6015:antimonium
5968:"antimony"
5858:3406441068
5765:"Antimony"
5705:(4): 657.
5077:16 October
5023:; Arabic:
4786:References
4744:/3 =
4619:are below
4512:gamma rays
4469:Leishmania
4433:veterinary
4283:type metal
4250:composites
4247:fiberglass
4154:Tajikistan
4046:Kyrgyzstan
3875:Tajikistan
3682:Production
3592:antimonium
3584:antimonium
3550:alchemists
3542:or French
3530:antimonium
3514:, Sweden.
3269:directly.
3114:Oxyhalides
3067:, whereas
2906:is a weak
2634:jamesonite
2494:amphoteric
2486:phosphorus
2388:See also:
2331:See also:
2327:Occurrence
2305:metastable
2267:exothermic
2239:isomorphic
2216:Mohs scale
2173:pnictogens
2123:Properties
2017:(from
1996:references
1774:CAS Number
1580:primordial
1474:amphoteric
1405:10 k
1123:Tennessine
1067:Meitnerium
1046:Seaborgium
1025:Lawrencium
764:Dysprosium
750:Gadolinium
729:Promethium
601:Technetium
594:Molybdenum
395:Phosphorus
221:°(Sb)
199:Appearance
132:-tə-mə-nee
9937:Sb(III,V)
7604:319767989
6749:(1): 49.
6211:170203738
5895:(1): 11.
5320:: 3–128.
5157:261552619
5129:Nanoscale
5017:כּוּחְלִי
4903:132399530
4839:1365-3075
4736:/K, and α
4629:tap water
4607:Antimony
4579:dizziness
4504:beryllium
4492:opacifier
4437:ruminants
4295:lead-free
4275:lead shot
4221:, 33% in
4082:Australia
3978:(tonnes)
3976:Reserves
3917:Australia
3672:loan word
3604:as-stimmi
3567:("not").
3557:antimonos
3545:antimoine
3518:Etymology
3178:Sb and Zn
3097:superacid
3065:polymeric
2892:. Molten
2630:zinkenite
2384:Compounds
2309:half-life
2301:half-life
2227:allotrope
2189:tellurium
2145:oxidation
2133:allotrope
2031:metalloid
2010:; it has
1874:half-life
1789:Discovery
1758:3.0
1472:(an
1402:1 k
1168:tellurium
1130:Oganesson
1109:Moscovium
1102:Flerovium
983:Berkelium
969:Americium
962:Plutonium
955:Neptunium
792:Ytterbium
722:Neodymium
701:Lanthanum
664:Tellurium
622:Palladium
608:Ruthenium
580:Zirconium
562:Strontium
518:Germanium
469:Manganese
425:Potassium
381:Aluminium
372:Magnesium
312:Beryllium
33:antiphony
10068:Antimony
8287:Antimony
8282:Antimony
8198:32887894
8139:21318007
8059:Archived
8035:(NIOSH).
7979:Archived
7943:20383361
7900:16470261
7862:17707454
7807:21318007
7664:16307074
7473:22272775
7465:12175947
7271:28243137
7263:12049454
7044:11993676
6945:85452380
6816:Archived
6688:Archived
6628:Archived
6589:32128413
6551:Sci. Adv
6412:14987811
5804:Antimony
5687:, p. 598
5659:, p. 558
5622:, p. 760
5610:, p. 764
5598:, p. 761
5485:, p. 757
5445:, p. 763
5376:, p. 553
5352:, p. 548
5304:(2003).
5266:Archived
5149:37674458
5114:54954678
5056:, p. 758
4740:= α
4666:Toxicity
4602:fluorine
4598:chlorine
4360:infrared
4287:linotype
4235:trioxide
4104:100,000
4086:120,000
4068:140,000
4050:260,000
4032:310,000
4014:350,000
3996:350,000
3963:Reserves
3945:110,000
3934:105,000
3657:stimmida
3474:tartrate
3445:Agricola
3267:hydrogen
3261:, it is
2580:stibnite
2498:oxoacids
2370:stibnite
2361:thallium
2346:Stibnite
2297:isotopes
2285:Isotopes
2235:trigonal
2165:group 15
2147:products
2065:roasting
2038:stibnite
2004:Antimony
1814:stibnite
1413:at
1271:at
1164:antimony
1095:Nihonium
1018:Nobelium
927:Actinium
913:Francium
897:Astatine
890:Polonium
869:Thallium
848:Platinum
820:Tungsten
813:Tantalum
799:Lutetium
743:Europium
736:Samarium
657:Antimony
555:Rubidium
532:Selenium
462:Chromium
455:Vanadium
448:Titanium
441:Scandium
409:Chlorine
349:Fluorine
335:Nitrogen
287:Hydrogen
250:abridged
71:Antimony
29:antinomy
9728:Sb(III)
9597:p-block
9592:d-block
9587:f-block
9582:s-block
8189:7474081
8166:Bibcode
8130:3037053
8029:"#0036"
7908:9416637
7842:Bibcode
7822:. Baker
7798:3037053
7747:1543508
7707:9448748
7687:Bibcode
7566:Bibcode
7564:: 220.
7529:Bibcode
7496:Bibcode
7227:1064207
6825:18 July
6751:Bibcode
6626:. BGS.
6580:7035000
6559:Bibcode
6502:9 April
6442:. USGS.
6392:Bibcode
6147:2451020
6090:athmoud
5978:10 June
5897:Bibcode
5781:Pliny,
5532:Bibcode
5322:Bibcode
4805:. 1993.
4763:Leibniz
4738:average
4609:leaches
4419:drugs.
4413:emetics
4349:silicon
4323:Mullard
4293:(some "
4158:50,000
4140:60,000
4122:78,000
4064:Myanmar
4028:Bolivia
3973:Country
3896:Myanmar
3879:17,000
3858:20,000
3837:60,000
3813:Country
3687:Process
3615:stibium
3600:athimar
3492:Swedish
3367:Chaldea
3315:History
3188:stibine
2682:halides
2676:Halides
2553:HSb(OH)
2490:arsenic
2317:β decay
2313:β decay
2251:stibine
2247:arsenic
2243:bismuth
2231:brittle
2220:Guizhou
2193:arsenic
2185:bismuth
2167:of the
2100:halogen
2084:solders
2023:stibium
1919:stable
1809:stibium
1783:History
1742:
1595: (
1512:)
1312:Density
1234:p-block
1060:Hassium
1053:Bohrium
1039:Dubnium
1004:Fermium
948:Uranium
934:Thorium
883:Bismuth
841:Iridium
827:Rhenium
806:Hafnium
785:Thulium
771:Holmium
757:Terbium
687:Caesium
636:Cadmium
615:Rhodium
587:Niobium
573:Yttrium
546:Krypton
539:Bromine
525:Arsenic
511:Gallium
432:Calcium
388:Silicon
305:Lithium
248: (
233:121.760
8241:
8222:
8196:
8186:
8137:
8127:
8068:19 May
8014:
7971:
7941:
7906:
7898:
7860:
7805:
7795:
7756:341167
7754:
7744:
7705:
7662:
7602:
7539:
7471:
7463:
7387:
7343:
7318:
7294:
7269:
7261:
7224:
7218:532063
7216:
7175:
7148:
7121:
7094:
7067:
7042:
6999:
6966:
6960:Pewter
6943:
6906:
6879:
6852:
6786:
6724:
6605:. BGS.
6587:
6577:
6410:
6302:Pliny
6250:225136
6248:
6209:
6203:528157
6201:
6145:
6100:ithmid
6086:ithmid
6001:
5855:
5811:
5739:
5672:
5640:
5503:: 21.
5466:
5426:
5396:
5306:"The N
5237:
5181:
5155:
5147:
5112:
5035:(Heb.
5013:כְּחֻל
4954:
4929:
4901:
4865:
4837:
4554:Since
4510:; the
4496:enamel
4356:diodes
4352:wafers
4346:n-type
4342:dopant
4299:pewter
4291:solder
4256:Alloys
4194:: The
4151:
4133:
4118:Canada
4115:
4100:Turkey
4097:
4079:
4061:
4043:
4025:
4010:Russia
4007:
3989:
3948:100.0
3921:4,000
3914:
3900:4,000
3893:
3872:
3854:Russia
3851:
3830:
3816:Tonnes
3697:gangue
3668:tragic
3661:stimmi
3653:Littré
3649:uthmod
3596:ithmid
3363:Telloh
3295:) and
2864:It is
2750:, and
2636:, and
2565:Sb(OH)
2505:Sb(OH)
2237:cell,
2197:oxygen
2108:dopant
2076:alloys
2025:) and
2012:symbol
1964:
1916:42.8%
1907:stable
1903:57.2%
1803:Symbol
1687:
1529:
1476:oxide)
1466:, +4,
1419:
1387:
1347:
1345:kJ/mol
1231:
1214:Period
976:Curium
920:Radium
834:Osmium
778:Erbium
708:Cerium
694:Barium
671:Iodine
643:Indium
629:Silver
497:Copper
490:Nickel
483:Cobalt
402:Sulfur
365:Sodium
342:Oxygen
328:Carbon
296:Helium
242:121.76
10020:Sb(CH
9960:Sb(V)
9901:Sb(CH
8062:(PDF)
8055:(PDF)
7982:(PDF)
7965:(PDF)
7904:S2CID
7469:S2CID
7267:S2CID
7214:JSTOR
6941:S2CID
6819:(PDF)
6808:(PDF)
6691:(PDF)
6684:(PDF)
6631:(PDF)
6620:(PDF)
6496:(PDF)
6489:(PDF)
6464:(PDF)
6457:(PDF)
6436:(PDF)
6351:(PDF)
6306:33.33
6246:JSTOR
6207:S2CID
6199:JSTOR
6143:JSTOR
6044:
5308:UBASE
5269:(PDF)
5258:(PDF)
5153:S2CID
5110:S2CID
5021:צדידא
4976:(PDF)
4923:(PDF)
4899:S2CID
4887:(PDF)
4803:CIAAW
4778:1550.
4746:11.04
4730:16.62
4721:/K, α
4690:Notes
4611:from
4600:, or
4545:toxic
4533:Yemen
4474:Bihar
4340:as a
4262:alloy
3992:China
3937:95.5
3930:Top 5
3882:15.5
3861:18.2
3840:54.5
3833:China
3665:Attic
3647:, or
3629:mśdmt
3375:Egypt
3299:(Sb(C
3283:(Sb(C
3126:(SbO)
3122:SbOCl
3045:have
2808:with
2241:with
2021:
2019:Latin
2006:is a
1928:synth
1860:Decay
1698:−99.0
1648:11.04
1440:1858
1437:1491
1434:1219
1431:1011
1281:solid
1268:Phase
1245:[
1226:Block
1202:Group
904:Radon
678:Xenon
416:Argon
321:Boron
237:0.001
10032:Sb(C
9967:SbCl
9913:Sb(C
9787:(OH)
9763:SbCl
9743:Sb(C
9735:SbBr
9719:ZnSb
9709:SmSb
9704:PrSb
9699:InSb
9691:HoSb
9686:HoSb
9681:GaSb
9676:DySb
9659:AlSb
8239:ISBN
8220:ISBN
8194:PMID
8135:PMID
8070:2022
8012:ISBN
7969:ISBN
7939:PMID
7896:PMID
7858:PMID
7803:PMID
7752:PMID
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