503:
491:
547:
582:
31:
515:
75:
570:
50:
535:
420:
It is a medium sized bittern at 54–66 cm (21–26 in) in length. It has dark upperparts with a dark bill. The male is black above with buff neck sides and with a neck is heavily streaked with brown. The female is dark brown rather than black. The juvenile is like the female but paler. They
692:
Hruska, J.P.; Holmes, J.; Oliveros, C.; Shakya, S.; Lavretsky, P.; McCracken, K.G.; Sheldon, F.H.; Moyle, R.G. (2023). "Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)".
438:. They nest on platforms of reeds in shrubs, or sometimes in trees. Three to five eggs are laid. The chicks are covered with white down with brown patches. They first wander from their nest when aged around 15 days.
502:
490:
460:
903:
885:
753:
Chesser, R.T.; Billerman, S.M.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Hernández-Baños, B.E.; Jiménez, R.A.; Johnson, O.; Kratter, A.W.; Mason, N.A.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J. (2024).
546:
475:
for the recovery and future management of this species has not yet been prepared. On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in
Victoria, the black bittern is listed as
581:
421:
can be difficult to see, given their skulking lifestyle and reed bed habitat, but tend to fly fairly frequently when the all black upperparts makes them unmistakable.
1135:
862:. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. p. 62.
1174:
1269:
446:
Black bitterns feed on frogs, fish up to 15cm in length, crustacea and insects. They are crepuscular and nocturnal, mainly feeding at dusk and at dawk.
900:
882:
1241:
1109:
1148:
928:
867:
803:
795:
791:
468:
658:
Index
Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem In Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates
950:
839:
569:
1294:
514:
1153:
1284:
392:
1008:
652:
364:
279:
186:
1179:
999:
719:
534:
1289:
74:
290:
1034:
961:
320:
298:
826:
1200:
681:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 241–242.
169:
30:
630:
1096:
1026:
382:
755:"Sixty-fifth Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds"
855:
723:
396:
275:
39:
1047:
476:
195:
69:
1205:
1140:
1279:
1274:
1166:
1070:
1013:
946:
924:
863:
835:
799:
766:
698:
625:
1039:
1187:
907:
889:
404:
607:
400:
374:
328:
259:
126:
923:. East Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Sustainability and Environment. p. 15.
1263:
1161:
834:. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 376–429 .
616:
283:
59:
54:
1052:
676:
656:
1075:
343:
306:
1062:
771:
754:
702:
1232:
1122:
993:
557:
525:
727:
463:. In the state of State of Victoria, Australia, the black bittern is listed as
672:
378:
353:
239:
984:
255:
251:
243:
86:
1226:
1192:
978:
435:
315:
231:
146:
106:
1246:
1114:
1021:
553:
521:
223:
408:
367:, 1790) – India to Indochina, Philippines and west, central Indonesia
96:
1127:
1088:
955:
289:. He used the English name "yellow-necked heron" and specified the
1083:
661:(in Latin). Vol. 2. London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. 701.
561:
336:
247:
235:
136:
1101:
301:
study of the heron family
Ardeidae published in 2023 found that
227:
116:
959:
921:
Advisory List of
Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007
919:
Victorian
Department of Sustainability and Environment (2007).
587:
In its natural habitat from wetlands of
Ernakuam, Kerala, India
262:
short distances. This species was formerly placed in the genus
459:
Black bitterns are not listed as threatened on the
Australian
461:
Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
293:
as India. The black bittern was formerly placed in the genus
319:
that had been introduced in 1819 by the
English naturalist
728:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
901:
883:
Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria
830:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1216:
968:
508:
In Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana, India
496:
In Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana, India
825:
631:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697334A93608997.en
258:. It is mainly resident, but some northern birds
575:Black bittern with frog catch at Chilika, Odisha
8:
788:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
956:
226:of Old World origin, breeding in tropical
48:
29:
20:
770:
629:
824:Martínez-Vilalta, A.; Motis, A. (1992).
598:
486:
860:Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
819:
817:
815:
790:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
734:. International Ornithologists' Union
714:
712:
675:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
278:in 1790 by the English ornithologist
7:
469:Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)
331:for a bittern. The specific epithet
1270:IUCN Red List least concern species
617:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
945:by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp,
14:
732:IOC World Bird List Version 14.2
678:Check-List of Birds of the World
580:
568:
545:
533:
513:
501:
489:
73:
606:BirdLife International (2016).
540:In Kolkata, West Bengal, India
1:
858:; Anderton, John C. (2012).
906:September 11, 2006, at the
772:10.1093/ornithology/ukae019
703:10.1093/ornithology/ukad005
1311:
786:Jobling, James A. (2010).
434:Their breeding habitat is
377:, 1831) – east Indonesia,
313:was merged into the genus
827:"Family Ardeida (Herons)"
342:meaning "yellowish" with
201:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
624:: e.T22697334A93608997.
1295:Birds described in 1790
1014:Ixobrychus_flavicollis
1000:Ixobrychus flavicollis
970:Ixobrychus flavicollis
888:July 18, 2005, at the
832:Handbook of the Cornel
726:, eds. (August 2024).
610:Ixobrychus flavicollis
471:. Under this act, an
321:James Francis Stephens
299:molecular phylogenetic
274:The black bittern was
1201:Paleobiology Database
425:Behaviour and ecology
349:meaning "-throated".
856:Rasmussen, Pamela C.
383:Bismarck Archipelago
219:Botaurus flavicollis
179:Botaurus flavicollis
1285:Birds of Indomalaya
450:Conservation status
397:Bougainville Island
204:Dupetor flavicollis
161:B. flavicollis
40:Conservation status
1048:BirdLife-Australia
722:; Donsker, David;
276:formally described
1257:
1256:
1218:Ardea flavicollis
962:Taxon identifiers
930:978-1-74208-039-0
869:978-84-96553-87-3
805:978-1-4081-2501-4
724:Rasmussen, Pamela
467:on the Victorian
361:B. f. flavicollis
323:. The genus name
287:Ardea flavicollis
210:
209:
63:
1302:
1290:Birds of Oceania
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1027:003BE0C5CFF7BADF
1017:
1016:
1004:
1003:
1002:
989:
988:
987:
957:
935:
934:
916:
910:
898:
892:
880:
874:
873:
852:
846:
845:
829:
821:
810:
809:
783:
777:
776:
774:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
716:
707:
706:
689:
683:
682:
669:
663:
662:
649:
643:
642:
640:
638:
633:
603:
584:
572:
549:
537:
517:
505:
493:
473:Action Statement
442:Food and feeding
403:(north to south
356:are recognised:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1188:Observation.org
1186:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1012:
1007:
998:
997:
992:
983:
982:
977:
964:
939:
938:
931:
918:
917:
913:
908:Wayback Machine
899:
895:
890:Wayback Machine
881:
877:
870:
854:
853:
849:
842:
823:
822:
813:
806:
785:
784:
780:
752:
751:
747:
737:
735:
718:
717:
710:
691:
690:
686:
671:
670:
666:
651:
650:
646:
636:
634:
605:
604:
600:
595:
588:
585:
576:
573:
564:
550:
541:
538:
529:
518:
509:
506:
497:
494:
485:
457:
452:
444:
432:
427:
418:
405:Solomon Islands
389:B. f. woodfordi
371:B. f. australis
272:
190:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1067:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1018:
1005:
990:
974:
972:
966:
965:
960:
954:
953:
943:Birds of India
937:
936:
929:
911:
893:
875:
868:
847:
840:
811:
804:
778:
765:(3): ukae019.
745:
708:
684:
664:
644:
597:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
579:
577:
574:
567:
565:
551:
544:
542:
539:
532:
530:
519:
512:
510:
507:
500:
498:
495:
488:
484:
481:
456:
453:
451:
448:
443:
440:
431:
428:
426:
423:
417:
414:
413:
412:
401:Rennell Island
386:
368:
329:Medieval Latin
271:
268:
208:
207:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:Pelecaniformes
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Black bittern
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1053:black-bittern
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
995:
991:
986:
980:
976:
975:
973:
971:
967:
963:
958:
952:
951:0-691-04910-6
948:
944:
941:
940:
932:
926:
922:
915:
912:
909:
905:
902:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
879:
876:
871:
865:
861:
857:
851:
848:
843:
841:84-87334-10-5
837:
833:
828:
820:
818:
816:
812:
807:
801:
797:
793:
789:
782:
779:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
746:
733:
729:
725:
721:
715:
713:
709:
704:
700:
696:
688:
685:
680:
679:
674:
668:
665:
660:
659:
654:
648:
645:
632:
627:
623:
619:
618:
613:
611:
602:
599:
592:
583:
578:
571:
566:
563:
559:
555:
552:In flight in
548:
543:
536:
531:
527:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
492:
487:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
449:
447:
441:
439:
437:
429:
424:
422:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:Ogilvie-Grant
390:
387:
385:and Australia
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
355:
350:
348:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:type locality
288:
285:
284:binomial name
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
215:
214:black bittern
206:
205:
200:
197:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1217:
969:
942:
920:
914:
896:
878:
859:
850:
831:
787:
781:
762:
758:
748:
736:. Retrieved
731:
694:
687:
677:
667:
657:
653:Latham, John
647:
635:. Retrieved
621:
615:
609:
601:
472:
464:
458:
445:
433:
419:
388:
370:
360:
351:
346:
344:Modern Latin
339:
332:
324:
314:
310:
307:paraphyletic
302:
294:
286:
273:
263:
218:
217:
213:
211:
203:
202:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1123:iNaturalist
994:Wikispecies
759:Ornithology
720:Gill, Frank
697:: ukad005.
695:Ornithology
673:Mayr, Ernst
637:13 November
558:West Bengal
526:West Bengal
416:Description
333:flavicollis
297:but when a
280:John Latham
1264:Categories
593:References
477:vulnerable
465:threatened
395:, 1888) –
379:New Guinea
375:Lesson, RP
354:subspecies
311:Ixobrychus
303:Ixobrychus
295:Ixobrychus
282:under the
264:Ixobrychus
240:Bangladesh
1233:Q28034622
738:20 August
455:Australia
436:reed beds
407:, except
335:combines
256:Australia
252:Indonesia
244:Sri Lanka
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1280:Bitterns
1275:Botaurus
1227:Wikidata
1167:22697334
1141:10896441
1102:60973097
1040:22697334
1035:BirdLife
979:Wikidata
904:Archived
886:Archived
655:(1790).
430:Breeding
340:flavidus
325:Botaurus
316:Botaurus
270:Taxonomy
246:east to
232:Pakistan
196:Synonyms
148:Botaurus
137:Ardeidae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1247:9932559
1115:2480844
1089:blabit1
1063:blabit1
1022:Avibase
985:Q888559
554:Kolkata
528:, India
522:Kolkata
483:Gallery
347:-collis
260:migrate
224:bittern
222:) is a
189:, 1790)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1206:401715
1180:188381
1154:554269
949:
927:
866:
838:
802:
409:Makira
365:Latham
352:Three
254:, and
187:Latham
1193:73497
1136:IRMNG
1084:eBird
1076:3QFV9
1060:BOW:
562:India
337:Latin
248:China
236:India
230:from
1242:GBIF
1175:NCBI
1162:IUCN
1149:ITIS
1128:5003
1110:GBIF
947:ISBN
925:ISBN
864:ISBN
836:ISBN
800:ISBN
740:2024
639:2021
622:2016
305:was
242:and
228:Asia
212:The
117:Aves
1097:EoL
1071:CoL
1009:AFD
796:161
767:doi
763:141
699:doi
626:doi
520:In
399:to
327:is
1266::
1244::
1229::
1203::
1190::
1177::
1164::
1151::
1138::
1125::
1112::
1099::
1086::
1073::
1050::
1037::
1024::
1011::
996::
981::
814:^
798:.
794:,
792:75
761:.
757:.
730:.
711:^
620:.
614:.
560:,
556:,
524:,
479:.
381:,
309:,
266:.
250:,
238:,
234:,
933:.
872:.
844:.
808:.
775:.
769::
742:.
705:.
701::
641:.
628::
612:"
608:"
411:)
391:(
373:(
363:(
216:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
