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containing three impedances and two current sources, where five unknown parameters needs to be determined. Three sets of different operating conditions are built up by changing external impedance and the corresponding currents and voltages at the terminals of the power converter are measured or simulated as known parameters. In each condition, two equations containing five unknown variables could be derived according to
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This method is based on the two assumptions mentioned in section
Assumption, so the system is regarded as linear time-invariant system. Based on these assumptions, the equivalent circuit could be derived from several equations of different operating conditions. The equivalent circuit model is defined
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when the filter is designed properly to avoid saturation and nonlinear effects. Another strong assumption related to the modeling procedure is that the equivalent circuit model is invariant under different operating conditions. Since in the modeling procedures circuit components are determined under
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Different modeling methods can be utilized to define the equivalent circuit. It depends on the chosen equivalent circuit and the optional measurement techniques. However, many modeling methods need at least one or more assumption mentioned above in order to regard the systems as linear
31:, that is regarded as a black box. There are two types of black box model of power converter - when the model includes the load, it is called terminated model, otherwise un-terminated model. The type of black box model of power converter is chosen based on the goal of modeling. This
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The active components in equivalent circuit are voltage/current sources. They are usually at least two sources, which could be variety options depending on the analysis approach, such as two voltage sources, two current sources, and one voltage and one current source.
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of the converter is assumed a-priori, with the assumption that this equivalent circuit remains constant under different operating conditions. The equivalent circuit of the black box model is built by measuring the stimulus/response of the power converter.
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Another state-of-art method is to utilize a transformer and an impedance analyzer in two different setups in order to measure CM and DM impedance separately. The measurement range of this method is limited by the characteristics of the transformer.
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combines some features from both, black box model and white box model, when parts of components are known or the relationship between physical elements and equivalent circuit is investigated.
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the impedance afterwards. These conventional methods assume that the impedances of power converter is the same in the operating condition and switched-off condition.
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model of power converters is suitable when all the inner components are known, which can be quite difficult due to the complex nature of the power converter. The
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There are many methods used to determine passive elements. The conventional method is to switch off the power converter and measure the impedance with an
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Mazzola, Enrico; Grassi, Flavia; Amaducci, Alessandro (2019). "Novel
Measurement Procedure for Switched-Mode Power Supply Modal Impedances".
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in the system, in which one is called receiving probe and another is injecting probe. The output of two probes are connected on a
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methods are investigated to measure the impedance when the power converter is in operating condition. One method is to put two
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Nonlinear phenomena in power electronics : attractors, bifurcations, chaos, and nonlinear control
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The expression of a black box model of power converter is the assumed equivalent circuit model (in
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Different modeling methods of power converter could be applied in different circumstances. The
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design. In general, the equivalent circuit contains mainly two parts: active components like
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measurement setups. This method is restricted with its delicate calibration procedure.
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Tarateeraseth, V.; Bo Hu; Kye Yak See; Canavero, F.G. (January 2010).
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To successfully implement a black box model of a power converter, the
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Six equivalent circuits types of power converter's black box model
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can be expressed as combination of several impedances or
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to describe the characteristics of passive components.
396:IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
39:of a system integrated with power converters.
35:model of power converter could be a tool for
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206:Other methods to determine passive elements
23:also called behavior model, is a method of
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345:IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
315:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 472.
66:Since the power converter consists of
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189:One example of modeling method
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445:Electromagnetic compatibility
283:linear time-invariant system
311:Banerjee, Sounitro (2001).
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68:power semiconductor device
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365:10.1109/TPEL.2009.2024675
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21:model of power converter
239:vector network analyzer
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216:scattering parameters
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