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outside the event horizon and which is both physical and hot. According to the external observer, infalling information heats up the stretched horizon, which then reradiates it as
Hawking radiation, with the entire evolution being unitary. However, according to an infalling observer, nothing special
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passes through the event horizon and cannot escape, with the catch being no observer can confirm both stories simultaneously. According to an external observer, the infinite time dilation at the horizon itself makes it appear as if it takes an infinite amount of time to reach the horizon. They also
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An infalling observer will see the point of entry of the information as being localized on the event horizon, while an external observer will notice the information being spread out uniformly over the entire stretched horizon before being re-radiated, and perceives the event horizon as a dynamical
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happens at the event horizon itself, and both the observer and the information will hit the singularity. This isn't to say there are two copies of the information lying about — one at or just outside the horizon, and the other inside the black hole — as that would violate the
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pass through the horizon with nothing of interest happening. To an external observer, the information and entropy is absorbed into the stretched horizon which acts like a dissipative fluid with entropy, viscosity and electrical conductivity. See the
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of noncommuting observables, and both stories are complementary in the quantum sense, that there is no contradiction which also means no violation of linearity in quantum mechanics.
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as the carrier of the missing information. It also appears as if information cannot be "reflected" at the event horizon as there is nothing special about the horizon locally.
208:. Instead, an observer can only detect the information at the horizon itself, or inside, but never both simultaneously. Complementarity is a feature of the
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186:, Lárus Thorlacius, and John Uglum proposed a radical resolution to this problem by claiming that the information is both reflected at the event horizon
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176:. But how can this be possible if information cannot escape the event horizon without traveling faster than light? This seems to rule out
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for more details. The stretched horizon is conducting with surface charges which rapidly spread out logarithmically over the horizon.
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Almheiri, Ahmed; Marolf, Donald; Polchinski, Joseph; Sully, James (February 2013). "Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?".
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It has been suggested that validity of effective field theory near the horizon combined with the
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Susskind; Thorlacius; Uglum (1993). "The
Stretched Horizon and Black Hole Complementarity".
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354:'t Hooft, G. (1990). "The black hole interpretation of string theory".
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319:'t Hooft, G. (1985). "On the quantum structure of a black hole".
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Conjectured solution to the black hole information paradox
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might be able to conserve information with a unitary
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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132:, Lárus Thorlacius, John Uglum , and
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
156:and is inevitably destroyed at the
235:implies the existence of an AMPS "
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124:is a conjectured solution to the
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1683:Timeline of black hole physics
789:Causal dynamical triangulation
657:Black hole information paradox
391:Journal of High Energy Physics
126:black hole information paradox
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1451:Nonsingular black hole models
755:Wheeler–DeWitt equation
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376:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90174-C
341:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90418-3
58:"Black hole complementarity"
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43:improve this article
1678:Superluminal motion
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201:Planck length
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195:, which is a
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1759:PKS 1302-102
1633:Gravity well
1601:Compact star
1555:Microquasars
1540:Most massive
1444:Alternatives
1358:
1209:X-ray binary
1128:Neutron star
1065:Supermassive
1042:Hawking star
983:Supermassive
874:
837:Applications
727:Supergravity
651:
634:Unruh effect
541:Quantum foam
536:Planck units
531:IR/UV mixing
506:Causal patch
394:
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384:
359:
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166:mixed states
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121:
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105:
99:October 2017
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1883:Black holes
1749:Centaurus A
1703:Planet Nine
1606:Exotic star
1535:Black holes
1481:Planck star
1430:Kerr–Newman
1145:White dwarf
1095:Radio-Quiet
1053:Microquasar
926:Black holes
794:Causal sets
644:Black holes
327:: 727–745.
158:singularity
144:Ever since
1872:Categories
1799:Q0906+6930
1789:Hercules A
1719:Cygnus X-1
1688:White hole
1663:Quasi-star
1616:Preon star
1611:Quark star
1596:Big Bounce
1456:Black star
1414:Derivation
1262:Ergosphere
1218:Properties
1199:Quasi-star
1189:Quark star
1100:Radio-Loud
988:Primordial
978:Kugelblitz
859:Multiverse
701:Approaches
579:CGHS model
566:Toy models
501:CA-duality
243:References
216:membrane.
150:black hole
69:newspapers
1824:AT2018hyz
1471:Gravastar
1461:Dark star
1294:Microlens
1167:Hypernova
1162:Micronova
1157:Supernova
1111:Formation
875:See also:
814:Spin foam
594:RST model
437:256008049
429:1029-8479
404:1207.3123
397:(2): 62.
1847:Category
1734:A0620-00
1693:Wormhole
1591:Big Bang
1491:Fuzzball
1374:ER = EPR
1240:Theorems
1038:Electron
1033:Extremal
963:Rotating
722:M-theory
682:ER = EPR
521:Graviton
306:16146148
298:10016649
237:firewall
197:membrane
140:Overview
1857:Commons
1819:P172+18
1774:TON 618
1712:Notable
1564:Related
1550:Quasars
1545:Nearest
1505:Analogs
1435:Hayward
1403:Metrics
1048:Stellar
973:Virtual
968:Charged
937:Outline
409:Bibcode
364:Bibcode
329:Bibcode
278:Bibcode
221:entropy
83:scholar
1794:3C 273
1784:NeVe 1
1764:OJ 287
1486:Q star
1352:Issues
1085:Blazar
1075:Quasar
782:Others
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296:
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78:
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56:
1527:Lists
1028:Micro
998:Rogue
946:Types
433:S2CID
399:arXiv
302:S2CID
268:arXiv
164:into
90:JSTOR
76:books
1496:Geon
1420:Kerr
1021:Size
425:ISSN
395:2013
294:PMID
62:news
1090:OVV
1080:LQG
417:doi
372:doi
360:335
337:doi
325:256
286:doi
188:and
45:by
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250:^
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87:·
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39:.
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