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485:. The toxins are usually not fatal to the lemurs and they try to stimulate the millipede to release its toxins in self-defence. Once this is achieved the black lemur will rub the millipede around its body to get the toxins on its fur. It is believed that they do this to help repel insects with the millipedes poison, though the toxins also appear to have
628:
Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R.; Borgerson, C.; Clarke, T.; Colquhoun, I.C.; Cotton, A.; Donati, G.; Eppley, T.M.; Heriniaina, R.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Patel, E.; Ralainasolo, F.B.; Randrianasolo, H.; Randriatahina, G.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Razafindramanana, J.;
444:
The black lemur primarily eats fruit, which makes up an estimated 78% of its diet. The ripeness of this fruit is vital to the lemur's diet. Other foods eaten include flowers, leaves, fungi, some invertebrates and, especially during the dry season, nectar.
385:
461:. It is active both during the day and at night. It forages in both the upper and middle canopy, especially at night, and during the day it also forages in the understory. In degraded habitats, it also forages on the ground and may even eat soil.
397:
in coloration. Males have black or dark chocolate fur, while females' fur is of a lighter brown color, generally medium brown, chestnut brown or even orange-brown. Males have large black ear tufts, while females have large white ear tufts.
464:
The black lemur lives in groups of 2 to 15 members, including approximately equal numbers of males and females. Average group size is about 10 members, although the average may be smaller for
393:
The black lemur is between 90 and 110 centimeters in length, of which 51–65 centimeters are tail. Weight typically ranges between 1.8 and 2.0 kilograms. The black lemur displays
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543:
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have different coloration and do not show the extreme sexual dimorphism of the black lemur, making confusion between the black lemur and the other species unlikely.
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of about 125 days, a single infant is usually born between late August and early
October. Females typically give birth for the first time at two years of age.
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Mating usually takes place in April and May. During mating season, antagonism between males increases, and males sometimes roam between groups. After a
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475:. Ranges overlap considerably, and population density can reach 200 individuals per square kilometer.
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region of
Madagascar and on nearby islands. The blue-eyed black lemur is restricted to the
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Both species live in northwest
Madagascar. The black lemur occurs in moist forests in the
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respectively. The most startling difference between the two species is the eye colour;
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Lisa Gould & Michelle
Sauther (2007). "Lemuriformes". In Christina J. Campbell;
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Primate
Ecology and Social Structure Volume 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers
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1035:
468:. Females are dominant over males, although intragroup fighting is rare.
142:
992:; Katherine C. MacKinnon; Melissa Panger & Simon K. Bearder (eds.).
714:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115.
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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species that occurs within the range of the black lemur is the
336:, both of which were elevated to species status by Mittermeier
623:
621:
328:. Originally, the species was thought to have two subspecies,
629:
Schwitzer, C.; Stone, E.; Volampeno, S.; Wright, P. (2020).
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Black lemurs also have a habit of picking up and biting at
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and adjacent forests. There are reports of the two species
960:
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654:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8212A182235113.en
487:pleasurable psychoactive effects on the lemurs
1112:
8:
1058:"Lemurs Get High on Their Millipede Supply"
1460:
1119:
1105:
1097:
856:The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates
471:Groups have home ranges of about 3.5 to 7
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43:
29:
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921:
919:
917:
915:
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890:Russell Mittermeier; et al. (2006).
652:
437:Male, brown-eyed, Black lemur eating, at
1022:"Peculiar Potions: Narcotic insecticide"
746:Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2008).
617:
508:
885:
883:
881:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
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1089:images and movies of the black lemur
894:(Second ed.). pp. 288–293.
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7:
1800:84E808CE-8DB8-41C1-AFD2-BA0F25D980CD
755:International Journal of Primatology
1056:Banerji, Urvija (29 January 2016).
640:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
1823:IUCN Red List endangered species
599:
580:
561:
542:
530:
511:
109:
962:New Directions in Lemur Studies
748:"Lemur Diversity in Madagascar"
1407:Southern lesser bamboo lemur (
1348:Black-and-white ruffed lemur (
453:The black lemur lives in both
373:where their ranges overlap in
1:
1398:Western lesser bamboo lemur (
1389:Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (
676:"Checklist of CITES Species"
1838:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
375:Manongarivo Special Reserve
1854:
1416:Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (
926:Robert W. Sussman (1999).
320:. Like all lemurs, it is
1833:Mammals described in 1766
1446:
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1127:Extant species of family
767:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y
334:Eulemur macaco flavifrons
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261:
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221:
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106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
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42:
37:
28:
23:
708:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1316:Blue-eyed black lemur (
1235:Sanford's brown lemur (
1032:John Downer Productions
1030:. Series 1. Episode 4.
994:Primates in Perspective
1434:Greater bamboo lemur (
1271:Collared brown lemur (
587:Female black lemur at
568:Female black lemur at
549:Female black lemur at
441:
390:
1718:Paleobiology Database
1425:Golden bamboo lemur (
829:Mammals of Madagascar
827:Nick Garbutt (2007).
647:: e.T8212A182235113.
589:Lokobe Strict Reserve
570:Lokobe Strict Reserve
551:Lokobe Strict Reserve
520:Lokobe Strict Reserve
436:
388:
330:Eulemur macaco macaco
1244:White-headed lemur (
1226:Common brown lemur (
892:Lemurs of Madagascar
831:. pp. 166–170.
518:Male black lemur at
381:Physical description
367:Sahamalaza Peninsula
1307:Red-bellied lemur (
1280:Gray-headed lemur (
1253:Red-fronted lemur (
1185:Ring-tailed lemur (
292:Schreber, 1775
284:Linnaeus, 1766
276:Bartlett, 1863
59:Conservation status
1357:Red ruffed lemur (
852:Noel Rowe (1996).
606:Female black lemur
442:
419:common brown lemur
415:Tsaratanana Massif
407:common brown lemur
391:
352:Eulemur flavifrons
347:Eulemur flavifrons
312:) is a species of
289:Lemur macaco niger
1810:
1809:
1705:Open Tree of Life
1466:Taxon identifiers
1457:
1456:
1382:
1341:
1210:
1020:(25 April 2002).
1003:978-0-19-517133-4
838:978-0-300-12550-4
423:red-bellied lemur
411:red-bellied lemur
395:sexual dimorphism
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466:E. m. flavifrons
459:secondary forest
316:from the family
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254:Distribution of
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16:Species of lemur
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1409:H. meridionalis
1400:H. occidentalis
1379:(Bamboo lemurs)
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1338:(Ruffed lemurs)
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1298:Crowned lemur (
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1350:V. variegata
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1300:E. coronatus
1299:
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1255:E. rufifrons
1254:
1246:E. albifrons
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1061:
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1039:. Retrieved
1027:Weird Nature
1025:
1018:Downer, John
1012:
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964:. Springer.
961:
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24:Black lemur
18:
1828:True lemurs
1601:iNaturalist
1498:Wikispecies
1273:E. collaris
1262:Red lemur (
1237:E. sanfordi
932:. pp.
860:. pp.
682:. UNEP-WCMC
660:19 November
371:hybridizing
340:in 2008 to
304:black lemur
1817:Categories
1391:H. griseus
1163:Suborder:
775:10161/6237
612:References
483:millipedes
439:Nosy Komba
326:Madagascar
169:Suborder:
92:Appendix I
74:Endangered
1773:Q41165604
1427:H. aureus
1372:Hapalemur
1291:E. mongoz
1228:E. fulvus
1219:E. macaco
1139:Kingdom:
1129:Lemuridae
1087:ARKive -
499:gestation
449:Behaviour
413:, on the
363:Sambirano
318:Lemuridae
201:Species:
183:Lemuridae
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
1767:Wikidata
1731:Species+
1671:12100041
1619:10593687
1538:BioLib:
1483:Wikidata
1450:Category
1436:H. simus
1359:V. rubra
1264:E. rufus
1187:L. catta
1159:Primates
1153:Mammalia
1147:Chordata
1145:Phylum:
1141:Animalia
1069:22 March
1041:22 March
1036:BBC Four
783:17614597
730:62265494
704:(2005).
686:18 March
473:hectares
421:and the
389:Skeleton
263:Synonyms
233:Linnaeus
179:Family:
163:Primates
153:Mammalia
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
1795:ZooBank
1787:8940236
1658:1000997
1593:2436420
1331:Varecia
1200:Eulemur
1157:Order:
1151:Class:
934:186–187
593:Nosy Be
574:Nosy Be
555:Nosy Be
524:Nosy Be
505:Gallery
455:primary
403:Eulemur
322:endemic
194:Eulemur
189:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
52:Female
1746:108874
1743:uBio:
1723:232779
1710:763521
1632:572866
1580:326527
1526:ARKive
1489:Q55332
1000:
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728:
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417:. The
338:et al.
1736:11141
1697:83412
1684:30602
1614:IRMNG
1606:43609
1567:6GXNY
1554:64378
1541:32012
1176:Lemur
862:41–42
779:S2CID
751:(PDF)
680:CITES
480:toxic
314:lemur
96:CITES
90:CITES
38:Male
1782:GBIF
1679:NCBI
1645:8212
1640:IUCN
1627:ITIS
1588:GBIF
1549:BOLD
1071:2023
1043:2023
998:ISBN
966:ISBN
938:ISBN
896:ISBN
866:ISBN
833:ISBN
726:OCLC
716:ISBN
688:2015
662:2021
645:2020
457:and
429:Diet
344:and
332:and
302:The
237:1766
1666:MSW
1653:MDD
1575:EoL
1562:CoL
1513:ADW
771:hdl
763:doi
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324:to
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