51:'s 1966 "Self Portrait as Another Person" consists of a wax mold of the artist's face in blackface, flattened and distorted, paired with motion-activated recordings of her voice. The label stated "As a political gesture, Hershman Leeson partly painted the masks black to express her solidarity with the civil rights movement." "Self Portrait As Another Person" was created in solidarity with the Civil Rights era. The artwork integrated prerecorded sound of the artist's voice on a tape recorder, which was added to the installation in 1968. Since the recorder was positioned at the height of the figure's chest, the work acquired an anthropomorphic appearance. As the voice of the artist is activated by the audience when they approach the work, it creates an illusion as if the sculpture is alive and breathing, of a technologically derived vitalism. The work is completed by the interaction with the audiences, not only including their physical movements that trigger the voice, but also their answer to the artist's questions.
608:". Work she had made pretending to be Burrup had been circulating in the Aboriginal Australian arts scene throughout the 1990s. John Mundine, an Aboriginal art curator, remarked that "it's the last thing left that you could possibly take away other than our lives or shoot us all." Durack was bemused by the controversy, remarking "I'm just using a nom de plume. Why are people so interested in the fact of what I've done?" Durack continued to make art as Eddie Burrup until her death on 25 May 2000. When asked how she felt about the criticism that she is exploiting Black culture, Durack responded "You can't exploit something that was given to you freely."
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1991 and their son founded the
Yamaguchi Institute to continue their vision of social transformation. I made ceramic plates, videotaped highly curated dinners and found a space for an exhibition of the ceramics and video. We gave a huge Japanese soul-food dinner, made by a Japanese chef and my sister, in honor of the Yamaguchis and their dinners. A young mixed-race artist enacted the role of their son and thanked everyone for coming. The whole thing duped a lot of people."
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traditional
Chinese artworks like gold-plated Buddha statues, ink prints on rice paper, and Chinese characters made in neon lights, some of which sold for as much as 200,000 yuan ($ 30,000). Ouairy stated "The collectors were primarily foreigners and they wanted to buy Chinese work, because for them it was a good investment... I saw all that counterfeit Louis Vuitton and Prada, and I said to myself: If they make fake bags, why don't I make a fake Chinese artist?"
437:"Des vérités simples et des problèmes difficile" (Some simple truths and difficult problems). The work was acquired by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 2015, through the generosity of Ronald S. and Jo Carole Lauder, Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis, Catie and Donald Marron, Sue and Edgar Wachenheim III, and the Committee on Drawings and Prints Fund, in honor of Herman J. Daled and Nicole Daled-Verstraeten.
398:, a black hockey player, in the theatre's annual year-end production. The show was met with dissent by various critics. In response, Denise Filiatrault defended her point by claiming that she used blackface because hiring a black actor was too expensive to justify for a twelve-second clip. She also was quoted as saying that she would never depict another black actor again in her theatre, blackface or no.
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in our society. And a black ballerina is a condition contrary to fact, even today. Which makes her a very glamorous and rich image." and "Some blacks and white liberals get uptight when they hear about it, but after seeing a performance they're on my side. Besides, Antinova is a survivor, a very positive and heroic image." In a 2012 re-staging, Antin was replaced by Danièle Watts, a Black performer.
565:"a lot of what fed this controversy is that my art is real. I'm not some punk who sat down and scrawled these things. There's an intelligence operating here." "All you moralists" Newman said "it takes an amoral kid like me to make things move." He also said he "never imagined that a segment of the art community would object to it. Artists Space curator Helene Winer told
571:"I was surprised that everyone who was offended saw it only in the absolute, slur meaning." She also stated "If anyone has perpetuated the use of that term, it's Black people. They can't use it to the degree that they do and then disallow its use by Whites. I mean we do have some sort of culture exchange." Despite or because of the controversy, the show did well;
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program devoted to non-traditional black dance claiming "None of them are
African-American... but all of them are black." Using the framework of blackness as metaphor, Ann Liv Young performed "in a fuchsia dress, an Afro wig and blackface." She announced "I am doing something here tonight that could
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has a recurring character "Eleanora
Antinova", an "African-American ballerina" that she frequently performed in blackface. Antin says on Antinova "I've had as previous personas a king, a nurse and a movie star. But the ballerina is ideal, because as an artist she's an outsider, like women and blacks
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activist and developed a plate especially suitable for the cuisine of black people. The plate became the basis for dinner parties and ultimately a full-blown salon for discussing art and politics. Then calamity struck. In Gates' own words, "As the story went, and his wife died in a car accident in
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to a piece of decorative board and attaching seven white plastic eggs to the paper by coating them in shiny black paint. The eggs, paint, and newspaper are arranged in such a way as to foreground a front-page article with the headline "Il faut sauver le Congo" (We must save the Congo) and the lede
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features four white men with smeared brown body and face makeup wearing grass skirts and holding sticks. The 2000 video work "King" features "a parade of figures in blackface". and the cover of
Breuning's 2001 monograph "Ugly" features a photograph of a blonde white woman smeared with dark brown
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wrote "the blacks are all exactly the same color, the color of traditional blackface makeup. They all have nearly the same features, too, while Ms. Sherman is able to give the white characters she impersonates a real range of skin tones and facial features. This didn't look like irony to me. It
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In 2015, French artist
Alexandre Ouairy revealed himself to be the person behind the work of the fictional Chinese artist "Tao Hongjing". For over a decade, "Tao Hongjing" created work inspired by his "oriental identity", according to his artist statement. He found success creating and selling
636:
held auditions and then engaged two professional female actors, Jennifer
Kidwell and Abigail Ramsay, to play the role of a fictional black artist named Donelle Woolford. As part of the back story and set design for the character, Scanlan had made a body of abstract collage works reminiscent of
383:, London featured a video work of the same title where a blonde woman appears briefly in blackface. A promotional video for the same exhibition, titled "Julie Verhoeven's Golden Nuggets", was distributed via the ICA's YouTube channel and also features the artist in apparent blackface.
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in which he manifested a marketing ploy for selling ceramic objects that Gates himself had made. The saga involved Shoji
Yamaguchi, a Japanese-born potter who had emigrated to the United States after WWII and took up residence in Mississippi, where he married a local black woman and
555:, and Stephen Koch published an open letter defending the exhibition and criticizing the protestors whom they accused of "exploiting this sensitive issue as a means of attracting attention" and "insensitivity to the complexities of both esthetics and politics." Douglas Crimp told
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stage company. A fully restored version of the film was screened at MoMA in 2016. In the film, Bert
Williams appears in blackface. Theater conventions at the time required one performer in a black musical to wear blackface but the rest of the cast could perform without
73:
used blackface as stagecraft in several studio photographs made in 1976, with herself as the character/subject of a bus passenger. These rarely seen photographs came to light as part of a survey exhibition at the Eli Broad Museum in Los
Angeles in 2015, about which
153:, is set in an alternate history in which the Confederacy won the American Civil War. Where blackface still remains prominent in modern American society appearing on the logos of consumer brands and restaurant chains, and as well as in film.
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published an open letter criticizing the exhibition and organized two "teach-in" demonstrations. (Only one was held. A second was unsuccessful because the gallery locked the doors.) Another coalition of artists and critics including
31:. Contemporary art in this context is understood as art produced from the second half of the 20th century until today. In recent years some black artists and artists of color have engaged in blackface as a form of
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be offensive, right? Cause look, you can wipe this off." She swiped her face. "I am very white underneath." "Are you gay?" she asked an audience member. "Good for you. Gay is like being black in some ways."
2340:
Frank Campbell. "Giving the Past a Future: Internet Archives Revive Australian Art" (PDF). ''Australian Art Sales Digest'' published by John Furphy Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia, 26 September 2009'''.'''
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Alan McCulloch, Susan McCulloch, Emily McCulloch Childs, ''The New McCulloch's Encyclopedia of Australian Art'', Aus Art Editions in association with The Miegunyah Press, Melbourne, 2006, p.49.
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in which the stage design presented two interior spaces divided by a shared wall. On one side the play is portrayed by actors, on the other side it is portrayed by actors wearing blackface.
984:"#CindyGate. Cindy Sherman's Attempt to Explain Blackface Portraits Isn't Cutting it. | SUPERSELECTED - Black Fashion Magazine Black Models Black Contemporary Artists Art Black Musicians"
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Beecroft says of her work with West, "I am protected by Kanye's talent. I become Black. I am no longer Vanessa Beecroft and I am free to do whatever I want because Kanye allows it."
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hosted an exhibition of black and white photographs and charcoal drawings by artist Donald Newman entitled "Nigger Drawings". A coalition of artists and critics including
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retired from being black. For the occasion Piper ceremoniously donned blackface, photographed herself, and declared the resulting performance and image and artwork titled
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in which Reynaud-Dewar dances around her studio among the blackened objects in fully naked blackface. The title of the work is alleged to be what African-American dancer
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made two videos (among many performance-based videos) in which he presents the idea of the contemporary artist as a somewhat businesslike but degraded clown/actor. In
189:, Beecroft has stated "I am protected by Kanye's talent. I become Black. I am no longer Vanessa Beecroft and I am free to do whatever I want because Kanye allows it."
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creates work under multiple fictional artistic personalities; one of these invented personalities is African-American artist "Peter Coulter" who creates
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in 2014. Wilson also created the portrait "Martha Meets Michelle Halfway," in which she is pictured with half her face and one arm in blackface makeup.
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features two white girls in blackface covering antique chairs with black polish. In 2011 Reynaud-Dewar completed a suite of artworks under the title
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66:(1968) he videotapes himself applying white make-up to his face and body, then black make-up, then wiping the make-up away to re-expose his skin.
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was presented later that year by the Matrix Theatre Company, and in 2011 by Mixed Blood Theater, Minneapolis, and Company One theater in Boston.
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62:(1967–68) Nauman videotapes himself applying successive layers of white, pink, green and black makeup to his entire face, arms, and torso. In
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27:. Blackface is generally considered an anachronistically racist performance practice, despite or because of which it has been widely used in
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adapted from a stand-up routine by Richard Pryor and performed by Kidwell and Scanlan. The project was included in the 2014
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is a photograph of Geers's face painted black and white with the word 'fuck' in bold letters, reading forward and backward.
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features portraits of Beard posing as his various personas, including a blackface portrait as Peter Coulter.
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covers issues from stage make-up used to make non-black performers appear black (the traditional meaning of
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1096:"Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Theater, Film, and Video: The Wooster Group's Route 1 and 9 (The Last Act)"
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1977:"Marcel Broodthaers. Le Problème noir en Belgique (The Black Problem in Belgium). 1963–64 | MoMA"
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What a pity you're an architect, Monsieur. You'd make a sensational Partner (After Josephine Baker)
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don blackface. The performance stirred controversy and resulted in some rescinded funding from the
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Cubism. Ramsay performed the character in situ at the ICA London as part of an exhibition titled
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240:"engaged a quartet of costumed female performers, some of whom were in blackface." Her 2010 work
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If Woman is the "N" of the World, what does that make Black Women, the "N, N" of the World
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559:"It's damaging to think about the political issues and not the work." Donald Newman told
2353:'The Art of Eddie Burrup - Glimpses from the Ngarangani' exhibition opening, Broome 1997
1875:"Review Julie Verhoeven, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, UK. BY LAURA CASTAGNINI"
1292:"Vanessa Beecroft Continues to Prove She Doesn't Deserve Comparison With Rachel Dolezal"
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in 1969. Through radio and television interviews, Lennon explained his use of the term "
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magazine and FilmFour Lab. The film featured Korine tap dancing while wearing blackface.
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In 2012, Dean Moss programmed three non-black performers into the Parallels series, a
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feature female figures with bodies and faces painted black. A 2001 photograph titled
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123:, a 40-minute three-screen collage featuring a man in blackface dancing and singing "
70:
2322:. Australian Biography, National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
2226:"Full text of "Heresies Magazine Issue #8: Third World Women (Volume 2, Number 4)""
2041:"A few observations on Patti Smith's "Rock n Roll Nigger" « The Great Whatsit"
625:
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2301:
Maynard, Roger (8 March 1997). "Aboriginal male artist unveiled as white woman".
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as well as Sam Lucas, Abbie Mitchell, J. Leubrie Hill, and members of Williams'
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260:, and a painted wooden pedestal. The suite includes a four-minute video titled
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Eddie Peake used dancers in head-to-toe black makeup for the 2013 performance
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302:(with half her face in blackface) in a forum on performance art organized by
2065:"Patell and Waterman's History of New York · Patti Smith Catches Fire: 1978"
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20:
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432:(The Black Problem in Belgium) by nailing a copy of the Belgian newspaper
177:
has used white models painted black on several occasions. In the 2007 work
916:"Electronic Arts Intermix: Flesh to White to Black to Flesh, Bruce Nauman"
897:
441:
324:. The artwork investigates subjects including HIV, privilege, and racism.
321:
36:
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artist Eddie Burrup was revealed to be a pseudonym of the White painter
2630:"Chinese artist Tao Hongjing reveals he's a Frenchman called Alexandre"
1010:"Cindy Sherman's Early Blackface Photos And The Art World's White Gaze"
669:
24:
959:"#CindyGate and the Lasting Stain of Cindy Sherman's Blackface Photos"
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looked like a stale visual myth that was still in good working order."
2475:"Art and race at the Whitney: Rethinking the Donelle Woolford debate"
490:
461:
2530:
1412:"Eleanor Antin show at the ICA explores identity - The Boston Globe"
873:"50 Years of Lynn Hershman Leeson's Tricks and Tech Art Innovations"
424:
publicly announced that he was becoming a visual artist, he made an
2136:"Minorities and the Visual Arts: Controversy Before the Endowment"
1902:
1316:"Vanessa Beecroft, Kanye West Cannot Offer Racial Amnesty - EBONY"
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New York announced that it had discovered a long lost film in its
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1934:"Montreal theatre's use of blackface criticized in some quarters"
360:, the film was the brainchild of Biograph and New York producers
2016:"Patti Smith Instigates The Weight of the "Rock n' Roll Nigger'"
1228:
Korine Tap / Stop For a Minute (2000) Directed by Harmony Korine
2605:"Artist Alexandre Ouiary Pretended to be Chinese - artnet News"
1953:"No more blackface at Théâtre du Rideau Vert, Filiatrault vows"
1653:"In Martha Wilson's New Photo Works, Feminism Meets the Absurd"
1577:"Jeffrey Deitch To Host Eddie Peake Performances - artnet news"
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493:" by virtue of feeling like an outsider. In an interview with
94:. In 1995, the group again used blackface in their version of
2558:(Edition Unstated ed.). San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
834:"'Neighbors' by Branden Jacobs-Jenkins Puts Old Face on Race"
649:'s joke paintings and included a national comedy tour titled
1703:"A review of Jordan Wolfson's show no one wants to publish"
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said as a rebuff to the sexual advances of French designer
1750:"Dean Moss Program, Part of Parallels at Danspace Project"
707:, the performance of East Asian characters by white actors
379:'s 2015 solo exhibition 'Whiskers Between My Legs' at the
341:
Thwarted Projects, Dashed Hopes, A Moment of Embarrassment
2442:"Racially Themed Work Stirs Conflict at Whitney Biennial"
2134:
Trescott, Jacqueline; Trescott, Jacqueline (1979-05-02).
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exhibited him in Switzerland and bought more of his work.
394:, decided to use a white actor in black face to portray
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Farley, Michael Anthony; Kirsch, Corinna (2016-08-10).
632:
In 2007, after several years of writing the character,
1782:"On Black Dance: Shifting Movement, Words, Identities"
1344:"Vanessa Beecroft Publicly Airs a Racist Perspective"
898:"Electronic Arts Intermix: Art Make-Up, Bruce Nauman"
2201:"Sources of Harm: Notes on the Alternative Artworld"
1991:"Woman is the "N" of the World? - Ms. Magazine Blog"
1034:"The Wooster Group - Route 1 & 9 (The Last Act)"
316:
appears in blackface in one scene of his 2012 video
86:'s "Route 1 and 9" (1981), several actors including
1559:"Some objects blackened and a body too – Mary Mary"
335:On September 30, 2012—her birthday—American artist
320:Wolfson in the video is dressed in character as a
1899:Julie Verhoeven - Whiskers Between my Legs (2014)
1729:Raspberry poser, Jordan Wolfson, Stedelijk M. ASD
849:
847:
645:. A later iteration of the project was a play on
2416:"There's Something Funny About Donelle Woolford"
2169:"'Racism' Protest Slated Over Title of Art Show"
464:" as referring to any oppressed person. Several
364:. The film features an integrated cast starring
1857:"Coming Soon, a Century Late: A Black Film Gem"
1440:designboom | architecture & design magazine
503:, a white British man, qualified as a "nigger".
2556:Bruce Sargeant and His Circle: Figure and Form
390:, the creative director of the Montreal-based
159:, a white Afrikaner from Johannesburg, dons a
8:
2257:Who we be : the colorization of America
1203:"Moloney creates short for FilmFour project"
798:"Why Isn't Blackface Taboo for Australians?"
196:/Public LAB in New York premiered a play by
2129:
2127:
2287:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
286:, who has impersonated other First Ladies
142:, a series of short films commissioned by
1485:"Review Olaf Breuning BY MORGAN FALCONER"
773:"Assignment America: Literary blackface?"
1064:"CULTURAL COLLISIONS ON 'ROUTE 1 AND 9'"
575:bought three works from the exhibition,
151:C.S.A: The Confederate States of America
2664:African-American cultural appropriation
1436:"color study body art by olaf breuning"
716:
415:(The Black Problem in Belgium), 1963-64
2580:"The Works and Personas of Mark Beard"
2280:
1677:Wood, Emma Winsor (11 December 2015).
827:
825:
749:"When White Poets Pretend to Be Asian"
585:, and Newman was being represented by
246:Some Objects Blackened and a Body Too,
2250:
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1855:Lee, Felicia R. (20 September 2014).
701:, which includes some modern examples
454:based on a statement Ono had made in
165:Portrait of the artist as a young man
23:), to non-black creators using black
7:
1679:"In Her Own Skin - The Morning News"
1201:Administrator, System (2001-01-12).
472:, challenged Yoko Ono's statement: "
2473:Miranda, Carolina A. (2014-06-17).
1602:"Performa 13 · Event · Eddie Peake"
82:In experimental theater collective
1807:"The Natives Are Restless Tonight"
832:Healy, Patrick (2 February 2010).
604:, an identity she considered her "
92:New York State Council on the Arts
14:
2373:"Theaster Gates – Art in America"
1626:"Brooklyn Bred 2: Clifford Owens"
1384:"The Many Faces of Eleanor Antin"
499:that same year Smith argued that
252:to such things as a folded white
2669:Stereotypes of African Americans
2402:"Joe Scanlan by - BOMB Magazine"
2350:Durack, Elizabeth (2010-08-05),
1916:Julie Verhoeven's Golden Nuggets
1368:Stasio, Marilyn (8 March 2010).
1148:LA Times Blogs - Culture Monster
1144:"Blackface in the year of Obama"
451:Woman Is the Nigger of the World
102:. A 2009 Chicago performance of
64:Flesh to White to Black to Flesh
1726:lyk.a.burggraaff (2017-01-30),
1008:Frank, Priscilla (2016-08-18).
185:in 2015. On collaborating with
2440:Lee, Felicia R. (2014-05-16).
2118:"Open Letter to Artists Space"
1248:Bradley, Kimberly (May 2013).
1062:Holden, Stephen (1987-01-02).
796:Smith, David T. (2016-11-04).
611:In 2007, Chicago-based artist
489:, Smith self-identifies as a "
381:Institute of Contemporary Arts
1:
2089:"The Nigger Drawings, Donald"
1250:"Love Is Colder Than Capital"
1170:"My Body Lies over the Ocean"
725:"the definition of blackface"
674:Bruce Sargeant and His Circle
125:My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean
120:The Diary of Anne Frank Pt II
17:Blackface in contemporary art
2377:www.artinamericamagazine.com
2259:(First ed.). New York.
2167:Glueck, Grace (1979-04-14).
1951:Donnelly, Pat (2015-01-15).
1461:"Primitives by OlafBreuning"
1237:– via www.youtube.com.
934:"Cindy Sherman in Blackface"
430:Le Problème noir en Belgique
413:Le Problème noir en Belgique
223:Black Images (color studies)
1748:Kourlas, Gia (2012-02-20).
579:wrote a positive review in
2685:
2554:Beard, Mark (2010-07-07).
2255:Chang, Jeff (2014-10-21).
420:In late 1963, just before
2531:"Mark Beard – Alter Egos"
1707:Baudrillard's at Bergdorf
1563:www.marymarygallery.co.uk
615:had an exhibition at the
308:Brooklyn Academy of Music
440:In 1972 artist/musician
134:directed the short film
1168:Lewin, Joan L. (2007).
699:Whiteface (performance)
1811:www.nytheatre-wire.com
1182:10.1037/e512072014-001
695:, an influential essay
416:
392:Theatre du Rideau Vert
198:Branden Jacobs-Jenkins
167:(1993). His 2007 work
149:The 2004 mockumentary
2069:ahistoryofnewyork.com
410:
248:in which she applied
2659:Blackface minstrelsy
2045:www.greatwhatsit.com
1606:13.performa-arts.org
1535:"Lili Reynaud Dewar"
1510:"Olaf Breuning Ugly"
1271:www.kendellgeers.com
855:"APRAF Berlin: News"
617:Hyde Park Art Center
411:Marcel Broodthaers,
403:Conceptual blackface
348:Museum of Modern Art
144:Dazed & Confused
49:Lynn Hershman Leeson
2140:The Washington Post
1120:"The Empress Jones"
1038:thewoostergroup.org
859:www.adrianpiper.com
591:Bruno Bischofberger
568:The Washington Post
479:In musician/artist
357:Lime Kiln Field Day
282:Performance artist
256:, plaster casts of
181:, and again in the
2446:The New York Times
2316:"Elizabeth Durack"
2173:The New York Times
2022:. 23 February 2011
1861:The New York Times
1837:. 21 February 2012
1831:"A History Lesson"
1754:The New York Times
1683:themorningnews.org
1068:The New York Times
838:The New York Times
802:The New York Times
672:. The publication
587:Mary Boone Gallery
582:The New York Times
545:Rosalind E. Krauss
486:Rock N Roll Nigger
448:released the song
422:Marcel Broodthaers
417:
388:Denise Filiatrault
386:In December 2018,
234:Lili Reynaud-Dewar
194:The Public Theatre
54:In 1967-68 artist
43:Physical blackface
2479:Los Angeles Times
2303:The Times, London
1995:Ms. Magazine Blog
1174:PsycEXTRA Dataset
988:superselected.com
965:. 30 October 2015
651:Dick's Last Stand
621:Plate Convergence
589:later that year.
562:The Village Voice
532:Howardena Pindell
362:Klaw and Erlanger
183:Le Membre FantĂ´me
140:Stop For a Minute
108:Third World Press
106:was protested by
104:The Emperor Jones
100:The Emperor Jones
84:The Wooster Group
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2391:
2389:
2388:
2379:. Archived from
2369:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:5 September 1997
2312:
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2240:
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2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2120:. March 5, 1979.
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2095:. Archived from
2093:artistsspace.org
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2037:
2031:
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2028:
2027:
2020:www.afropunk.com
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1957:Montreal Gazette
1948:
1942:
1941:
1936:. Archived from
1930:
1924:
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1106:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1059:
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1052:
1050:
1049:
1040:. Archived from
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:. 18 August 2016
980:
974:
973:
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739:
738:
736:
735:
721:
668:-like political
655:Whitney Biennial
602:Elizabeth Durack
370:Darktown Follies
354:archive. Titled
352:Biograph Company
329:Danspace Project
318:Raspberry Poser.
294:and Second Lady
175:Vanessa Beecroft
29:contemporary art
2684:
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2679:
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2634:Telegraph.co.uk
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2326:
2314:Hughes, Robin.
2313:
2309:
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2279:
2267:
2254:
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2199:
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2087:
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2039:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1931:
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1897:
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1884:
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1879:Frieze Magazine
1873:
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1489:Frieze Magazine
1483:
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1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1434:
1433:
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1416:BostonGlobe.com
1410:
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1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1267:"Kendell Geers"
1265:
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1260:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
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1078:
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1027:
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1014:Huffington Post
1007:
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943:
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845:
831:
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823:
814:
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795:
794:
790:
781:
779:
771:
770:
766:
757:
755:
747:
746:
742:
733:
731:
723:
722:
718:
714:
692:The White Negro
687:
573:Charles Saatchi
541:Laurie Anderson
466:Black feminists
405:
377:Julie Verhoeven
298:, impersonated
266:Josephine Baker
221:'s 2009 series
76:Margo Jefferson
45:
12:
11:
5:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2621:
2596:
2571:
2564:
2546:
2522:
2498:
2465:
2432:
2407:
2393:
2364:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2307:
2294:
2266:978-1466854659
2265:
2242:
2217:
2192:
2159:
2123:
2109:
2080:
2056:
2032:
2007:
1982:
1968:
1943:
1940:on 2015-06-25.
1925:
1906:
1891:
1866:
1847:
1835:The New Yorker
1822:
1798:
1773:
1740:
1718:
1694:
1669:
1641:
1617:
1593:
1568:
1550:
1526:
1501:
1476:
1465:www.artnet.com
1452:
1427:
1400:
1375:
1360:
1335:
1322:. 23 July 2016
1307:
1282:
1258:
1240:
1218:
1193:
1160:
1135:
1124:The New Yorker
1111:
1087:
1054:
1025:
1000:
975:
950:
925:
907:
889:
864:
843:
821:
788:
764:
753:The New Yorker
740:
729:Dictionary.com
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
702:
696:
686:
683:
682:
681:
677:
658:
647:Richard Prince
630:
613:Theaster Gates
609:
594:
528:Faith Ringgold
504:
477:
438:
404:
401:
400:
399:
384:
374:
344:
333:
325:
314:Jordan Wolfson
311:
304:Clifford Owens
300:Michelle Obama
280:
273:
258:clenched fists
242:Cléda's Chairs
231:
216:
209:
190:
172:
161:Nelson Mandela
154:
147:
132:Harmony Korine
128:
115:Harmony Korine
111:
96:Eugene O'Neill
80:
67:
52:
44:
41:
33:deconstruction
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2681:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2585:
2584:hidden canvas
2581:
2575:
2572:
2567:
2565:9780811872270
2561:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2536:
2535:gayletter.com
2532:
2526:
2523:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2383:on 2017-09-30
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2355:
2354:
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2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
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2317:
2311:
2308:
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2268:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2206:
2205:Hyperallergic
2202:
2196:
2193:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2099:on 2019-10-16
2098:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1786:Hyperallergic
1783:
1777:
1774:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1658:
1657:Hyperallergic
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1582:
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1466:
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1456:
1453:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1389:
1388:Hyperallergic
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1349:
1348:Hyperallergic
1345:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1320:www.ebony.com
1317:
1311:
1308:
1297:
1293:
1286:
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1204:
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1136:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1044:on 2017-10-25
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1001:
989:
985:
979:
976:
964:
960:
954:
951:
939:
938:Hyperallergic
935:
929:
926:
921:
917:
911:
908:
903:
899:
893:
890:
878:
877:Hyperallergic
874:
868:
865:
860:
856:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
828:
826:
822:
811:
807:
803:
799:
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789:
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768:
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741:
730:
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711:
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697:
694:
693:
689:
688:
684:
678:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Claire Bishop
641:, curated by
640:
635:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
588:
584:
583:
578:
577:Roberta Smith
574:
570:
569:
564:
563:
558:
554:
553:Douglas Crimp
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Roberta Smith
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Artists Space
505:
502:
498:
497:
496:Rolling Stone
492:
488:
487:
483:'s 1978 song
482:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
457:Nova Magazine
453:
452:
447:
443:
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423:
419:
418:
414:
409:
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397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
366:Bert Williams
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
346:In 2014, the
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
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309:
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301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Martha Wilson
281:
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267:
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243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Olaf Breuning
217:
213:
212:Eleanor Antin
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:Kendell Geers
155:
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145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
71:Cindy Sherman
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
46:
42:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
2637:. Retrieved
2633:
2624:
2613:. Retrieved
2611:. 2015-11-06
2608:
2599:
2588:. Retrieved
2586:. 2012-12-11
2583:
2574:
2555:
2549:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2507:"Alter Egos"
2501:
2490:. Retrieved
2478:
2468:
2457:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2424:. Retrieved
2422:. 2014-03-03
2419:
2410:
2396:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:the original
2376:
2367:
2357:, retrieved
2352:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2256:
2234:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2207:. 2014-09-11
2204:
2195:
2184:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2151:. Retrieved
2139:
2112:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:the original
2092:
2083:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:
2059:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1997:. 2011-10-06
1994:
1985:
1971:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1938:the original
1928:
1915:
1909:
1894:
1883:. Retrieved
1881:. 2015-02-17
1878:
1869:
1860:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1788:. 2012-03-10
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1753:
1743:
1733:, retrieved
1728:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1661:. Retrieved
1659:. 2015-10-24
1656:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1583:. 2016-07-07
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:
1529:
1518:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1491:. 2004-03-04
1488:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1444:. Retrieved
1442:. 2012-11-04
1439:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1392:. Retrieved
1390:. 2013-11-29
1387:
1378:
1363:
1352:. Retrieved
1350:. 2016-08-10
1347:
1338:
1330:
1324:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
1285:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1221:
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