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762:, flat skull, not inclined to be domed, with spot in centre of skull." Breeders entered what they considered to be sub-par King Charles Spaniels. Although Eldridge did not live to see the new breed created, several breeders banded together and created the first breed club for the new Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in 1928, with the Kennel Club initially listing the new breed as "King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type". In 1945, the Kennel Club recognised the new breed in its own right. The American Kennel Club did not recognise the Cavalier until 1997.
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and presents in return for those sent to him by his
Majesty of England. Dogs probably formed part of the gifts and thus may have been introduced into the Kingdom the Japanese breed. At any rate, there is a species of Spaniel in England which it is hard to distinguish from the Japanese dog. The species sent by the Emperor is by no means common even in Japan. It is never seen running about the streets, or following its master in his walks, and the Commodore understood that they were costly.
682:
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606:, and by Thomas Brown in 1829 who wrote, "He is seldom used for field–sports, from his diminutive size, being easily tired, and is too short in the legs to get through swampy ground." During the 19th century, the Maltese was still considered to be a type of spaniel, and thought to be the parent breed of toy spaniels, including both the King Charles and Blenheim varieties.
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markings typically consist of a black coat with mahogany/tan markings on the face, legs and chest and under the tail. The tricoloured "Prince
Charles" is mostly white with black patches and mahogany/tan markings in similar locations to the "King Charles". The "Blenheim" has a white coat with red patches, and should have a distinctive red spot in the center of the skull.
883:
982:. Compared to other breeds, the King Charles Spaniel has an increased risk of distichia (where extra eyelashes or hairs cause irritation to the eye). Inheritance is suspected in the other conditions, with ages of onset ranging from six months for cataracts to two to five years for corneal dystrophy.
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to reduce it further. By doing this, the dog's sense of smell was impaired, and according to 19th century writers, this caused the varieties of toy spaniel to be removed from participation in field sports. Blunt-Lytton proposed that the red and white
Blenheim Spaniels always had the shorter nose now
374:
talks of "a new type of
Spaniel brought out of France, rare, strange, and hard to get", this was an addition in a later translation, and was not in the original text. Caius did discuss the "Spainel-gentle, or Comforter" though, which he classified as a delicate thoroughbred. This spaniel was thought
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The King
Charles Spaniel is less popular than the Cavalier in both the UK and the US. In 2010, the Cavalier was the 23rd most popular breed, according to registration figures collected by the American Kennel Club, while the English Toy Spaniel was the 126th. In the UK, according to the Kennel Club,
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was introduced into
Britain which would eventually lead to drastic physical changes to the King Charles Spaniel. Comparisons between needlework pictures of English toy spaniels and the continental variety show that changes had already begun to take place in the English types by 1736, with a shorter
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The fact that dogs are always part of a royal
Japanese present suggested to the Commodore the thought that possibly one species of spaniel now in England may be traced to a Japanese origin. In 1613, when Captain Saris returned from Japan to England, he carried to the King a letter from the Emperor,
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pounds (3.6 to 6.4 kg). In addition, their facial features, while similar, are distinguishable: the
Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat, while the King Charles' is domed. Finally, the muzzle length of the King Charles tends to be shorter than the typical muzzle on a Cavalier.
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The four sets of markings reflect the four former breeds from which the modern breed was derived. Black and tan markings are known as "King
Charles", while "Prince Charles" is tricoloured, "Blenheim" is red and white, and "Ruby" is a single-coloured solid rich red. The "King Charles" black and tan
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The King
Charles is a friendly breed, to the extent that it is not typically as suitable as a watchdog as some breeds, though it may still bark to warn its owners of an approaching visitor. It is not a high energy breed, and enjoys the company of family members, being primarily a lapdog. Although
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purchased a King Charles Spaniel from an American kennel for $ 1,000. The dog weighed less than 2 pounds (0.9 kg), and had been disqualified from the Westminster Kennel Club the previous year on account of its weight. The average price was lower than that paid by Bismarck. In 1899, the price
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King Charles Spaniels are often mistaken for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. There are several significant differences between the two breeds, the principal being the size. While the Cavalier weighs on average between 13 and 18 pounds (5.9 and 8.2 kg), the King Charles is smaller at 8 to 14
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repeated Caius' observation that "these little dogs are good to asswage the sickness of stomach, being oftentimes thereunto applied as a plaister preservative, or bourne in the bosum of the diseased and weak person, which effect is performed by their moderate heat." By the 1840s, "Comforter" had
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Historically the breeds that were merged into the King Charles Spaniel were used for hunting; due to their stature they were not well suited. They have kept their hunting instincts, but do not exhibit high energy and are better suited to being lapdogs. The modern breed is prone to several health
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The UK Parliament website states: "Contrary to popular rumour, there is no Act of Parliament referring to King Charles spaniels being allowed anywhere in the Palace of Westminster. We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it." Similarly, there is no proof of any such law
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tail, except in the UK and some other European Countries where docking and cropping has been illegal since 2006. Cropping of ears has been illegal in the UK for over 100 years. It has the long pendulous ears typical of a spaniel and its coat comes in four varieties, trait it shares with its
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In 1903, the Kennel Club attempted to amalgamate the King James (black and tan), Prince Charles (tricolour), Blenheim and Ruby spaniels into a single breed called the Toy Spaniel. The Toy Spaniel Club, which oversaw those separate breeds, strongly objected, and the argument was only resolved
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explains that toy spaniels are able to hunt, albeit not for a full day or in difficult terrain: "The very delicate and small, or 'carpet spaniels,' have exquisite nose, and will hunt truly and pleasantly, but are neither fit for a long day or thorny covert." This idea was supported by
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The breed can tolerate other pets well, although the King Charles still has the hunting instincts of its ancestors and may not always be friendly towards smaller animals. It is intelligent enough to be used for obedience work and, due to its stable temperament, it can be a successful
1045:. The English Toy Spaniel Club of America recommends that umbilical hernias be corrected only if other surgery is required, due to the risk of surgery in brachycephalic breeds. In another study conducted by the OFA, the King Charles Spaniel was the 38th worst of 99 breeds for
650:. By the 1830s, this practice was no longer in vogue, and these types of spaniels were becoming rarer. "Comforter" was given as a generic term to lapdogs, including the Maltese, the English Toy and Continental Toy Spaniels, the latter of which was similar to the modern
609:
The breeds of toy spaniel often rivalled the Pug in popularity as lapdogs for ladies. The disadvantage of the breeds of toy spaniel was that their long coats required constant grooming. By 1830, the toy spaniel had changed somewhat from the dogs of Charles II's day.
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was very fond of the toy spaniel, which is why the dogs now carry his name, although there is no evidence that the modern breeds are descended from his particular dogs. He is credited with causing an increase in popularity of the breed during this period.
445:, including during state occasions. In an entry dated 4 September 1667, describing a council meeting, Pepys wrote, "All I observed there was the silliness of the King, playing with his dog all the while and not minding the business." Charles' sister
813:(RSPCA), said, "Dog shows using current breed standards as the main judging criteria actively encourage both the intentional breeding of deformed and disabled dogs and the inbreeding of closely related animals"; this opinion was seconded by the
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combined four separate toy spaniel breeds under this single title. The other varieties merged into this breed were the Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributed one of the four colours available in the breed.
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during his expeditions to Japan on behalf of the United States in the mid-19th century. He noted that dogs were a common gift and thought that the earlier voyage of Captain Saris introduced a Japanese type of spaniel into England.
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gene, and so is allowed under conformation show rules. Health-related research on the breed has been limited, with no major studies conducted in Britain. However, it has been included in studies outside the UK, including by the
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was reputed to possess the smallest and best breed of cockers in Britain; they were invariably red–and–white, with very long ears, short noses, and black eyes." During this period, the term "cocker" was not used to describe a
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during the 16th century. These dogs already had high domed heads with short noses, although the muzzles were more pointed than they are today. These Italian toy spaniels may have been crossed with local small dogs such as the
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in the early 19th century to reduce the size of the nose, as was the style of the day. The 20th century saw attempts to restore lines of King Charles Spaniels to the breed of Charles II's time. These included the unsuccessful
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claims that Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the
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feature toy spaniels with their mistresses. The toy spaniels of this century weighed as little as 5 pounds (2.3 kg), although they were thought to be the dog breed most prone to becoming overweight, or "fattened".
529:, describes the features of an English toy, specifying a "forehead large and high" among other physical characteristics of the breeds. Toy spaniels and Pugs were featured in both group portraits and satirical works by
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able to bond well with children and tolerant of them, it will not accept rough handling. It prefers not to be left alone for long periods. Known as one of the quietest toy breeds, it is suitable for apartment living.
1049:; of 75 animals tested, 4% were found to have the ailment. However, surveys conducted by the Finnish breed club between 1988 and 2007 found that the occurrences were higher in some years, ranging from 5.3% to 50%.
1001:, where blood is channelled back from the heart into the lungs, is also seen and can lead to heart failure. Both of these conditions present with similar symptoms and are inheritable. The OFA conducted a survey on
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The American Kennel Club has two classes, English Toy Spaniel (B/PC) (Blenheim and Prince Charles) and English Toy Spaniel (R/KC), while in the UK, the Kennel Club places the breed in a single class. Under the
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covering the wider UK. A spokesman for the Kennel Club said: "This law has been quoted from time to time. It is alleged in books that King Charles made this decree but our research hasn't tracked it down."
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dropped out of use, and the breed had returned to being called Toy Spaniels. The first written occurrence of a ruby coloured toy spaniel was a dog named Dandy, owned by a Mr Garwood in 1875.
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diseases common to small breeds, as well as specific breed-associated health conditions. The average lifespan is 10 to 12 years, and the breed should be able to reproduce naturally.
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Blunt-Lytton documented her attempts in the early 20th century to re-breed the 18th-century type of King Charles Spaniel as seen in the portraits of King Charles II. She used the
1033:. Other congenital and hereditary disorders found in the King Charles Spaniel are hanging tongue, where a neurological defect prevents the tongue from retracting into the mouth;
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The King Charles has large dark eyes, a short nose, a high domed head and a line of black skin around the mouth. On average, it stands 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 cm) at the
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From the 16th century, it was the fashion for ladies to carry small toy-sized spaniels as they travelled around town. These dogs were called "Comforters" and given the species
829:, with 8,154 puppies registered in 2010, compared to 199 registrations for King Charles Spaniels. Due to the low number of registrations, the King Charles was identified as a
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in 1926. He offered a prize fund for the best male and female dogs of "Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in pictures of Charles II of England's time, long face, no
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causing this tissue to obstruct the dogs' narrow airways. These narrow airways can decrease the dogs' ability to exercise properly and increase their susceptibility to
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found a clearing where he believed the bodies of the Romanov family had been burnt, and discovered the corpse of a King Charles Spaniel at the site. In 1920s, the
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groups, the King Charles is placed in the English Toy Spaniel section within the Companion and Toy Dog Group, along with the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
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735:, a curly haired, mostly black, small to medium-sized spaniel, and cross-bred these dogs with a variety of other breeds, including Blenheim Spaniels and
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355:, was also fond of small toy dogs, including spaniels, showing the fondness of the British royalty for these types of dogs before Charles II.
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254:. The Cavalier is slightly larger, with a flat head and a longer nose, while the King Charles is smaller, with a domed head and a flat face.
1021:. This is because in brachycephalic dogs, there is additional tissue in the throat directly behind the mouth and nasal cavity, known as the
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1986:
1068:, where two or more of the dog's toes are fused together, may seem to be a health issue but this breed trait is not a cause for concern.
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Michell, A. R. (1999). "Longevity of British breeds of dog and its relationships with-sex, size, cardiovascular variables and disease".
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ranged between $ 50 and $ 200 for a King Charles or Blenheim, with the Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniel ranging between $ 50 and $ 150.
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1056:, where in young dogs there is a soft spot in the skull; it is common in dogs under a year old. A complication from that condition is
323:(1538), where a small dog is used as a symbol of female seductiveness. Further paintings featuring these toy spaniels were created by
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was also considered a type of toy spaniel, but was not merged into the new breed and was recognised as a breed in its own right.
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King Charles (black and tan), Prince Charles (white with black and tan patches), Blenheim (white with red patches), Ruby (red)
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2391:"Mortality in North American Dogs from 1984 to 2004: An Investigation into Age-, Size-, and Breed-Related Causes of Death"
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English toy spaniels remained popular enough during the 18th century to be featured frequently in literature and in art.
218:, toy spaniels were first seen in Europe during the 16th century. They became linked with English royalty in the time of
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673:'s "Flossy", given to her by the Robinson children when she left her governorship of them, was a King Charles Spaniel.
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934:(OFA) in the United States. The King Charles Spaniel has a number of eye and respiratory system disorders common to
533:. Toy spaniels were still popular with the upper classes as ladies' dogs, despite the introduction of the Pug; both
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There are several breed traits which may cause concern as health issues. They include skull issues such as an open
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disease, where of 105 breeds, the King Charles Spaniel was found to be 7th worst, with 2.1% of 189 dogs affected.
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may have brought back examples of toy spaniels from his voyage to Japan in 1613, a theory proposed by Commodore
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422:, also depicted them; in the Spanish works, the dogs were tricolour, black and white or entirely white. French
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1060:, also known as water on the brain. This condition may cause neurological symptoms that require the dog to be
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degrades, causing blood to flow backwards through the chambers of the heart and eventually leading to
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has also owned King Charles Spaniels in addition to the dogs most frequently associated with her, the
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461:, theorised that after Henrietta's death at the age of 26 in 1670, Charles took her dogs for himself.
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followed suit, combining the four breeds into a single breed known as the English Toy Spaniel. The
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2882:"I want the act saying that King Charles spaniels have special rights in the Houses of Parliament"
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owned a number of small spaniels, which were called Damarets. Although one of the translations of
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in both the King Charles and Cavalier breeds. Mark Evans, the chief veterinary advisor for the
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nose being featured and the breed overall moving away from the one seen in earlier works by
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In the 17th century, toy spaniels began to feature in paintings by Dutch artists such as
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O’Neill, D. G.; Church, D. B.; McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Brodbelt, D. C. (2013).
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The King Charles Spaniel and the other types of toy spaniels were crossbred with the
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694:, who made it clear that he preferred the name "King Charles Spaniel". In 1904, the
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The earliest recorded appearance of a toy spaniel in England was in a painting of
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to originate from Malta and was sought out only as a lapdog for "daintie dames".
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Recreations in Agriculture, Natural–History, Arts, and Miscellaneous literature
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Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan
1085:. This myth is sometimes instead applied to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
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would later describe these types of dogs as crosses between spaniels and Pugs.
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654:. It was once believed that the dogs possessed some power of healing: in 1607
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Toy spaniels continued to be popular in the British court during the reign of
402:(1637) by Anthony van Dyck, featuring a spaniel of the era at the bottom right
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The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties
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reported in 1830 of the Blenheim Spaniel: "Twenty years ago, His Grace the
489:. Popular types included those of the white and red variety. Following the
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can be found in some members of the breed, which is not a mutation of the
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including the King Charles Spaniel. The show highlighted issues involving
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2069:"Comparative Tables of Registrations For the Years 2001 – 2010 Inclusive"
1490:. London, UK; New York, NY: Routledge, Warne, and Routledge. p. 102.
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817:. Following the programme, the RSPCA ended its sponsorship of the annual
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The red and white variety of toy spaniel was first seen in paintings by
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The varieties of toy spaniel were occasionally used in hunting, as the
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441:' diary describes how the spaniels were allowed to roam anywhere in
2732:. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney. 14 July 2010
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by the Kennel Club in 2003 in an effort to help promote the breed.
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The eye problems associated with the King Charles Spaniel include
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Best in Show : the Dog in Art from the Renaissance to Today
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2627:. American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation. Archived from
2598:. American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation. Archived from
845:, with a small but compact body. The breed has a traditionally
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1816:"Gladys, Duchess of Marlborough: the aristocrat with attitude"
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The King Charles Spaniel may share a common ancestry with the
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3076:. London, UK; New York, NY: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co.
2018:"BBC Suspends Coverage of Crufts Dog Show After Four Decades"
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Heart conditions related to the King Charles Spaniel include
340:
is the continental descendant of similar toy-sized spaniels.
2988:(2nd ed.). Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series.
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A toy Spaniel, a dwarf Spitz and a Maltese next to a basket
739:, in unsuccessful attempts to reproduce the earlier style.
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on 17 July 1918. Eight days later, Nicholas Sokolov of the
1594:. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. p. 6.
1429:. Vol. 1. London, UK: G. Bell and Sons. p. 288.
2327:(in Finnish). King Charlesin Spaniel r.y. Archived from
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The dogs continued to be popular with royalty. In 1896,
1254:. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. pp.
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Hawks, Francis L.; Perry, Commodore Matthew C. (1856).
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dog show, and the BBC declined to broadcast the event.
2389:
Fleming, J.M.; Creevy K.E., Promislow, D.E.L. (2011).
811:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
3031:
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet
2974:
Biographical Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs
2807:"Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dog Breed Information"
2757:. English Toy Spaniel Club of America. Archived from
568:
An 1852 drawing of King Charles and Blenheim Spaniels
3034:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
1463:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 49.
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2783:. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Archived from
2682:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 175.
2653:. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Archived from
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1951:
1507:. Vol. 2. London, UK: T. Bensley. p. 241.
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A King Charles Spaniel with Prince Charles markings
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2941:Buchlyvie chapter No 513 Order of The Eastern Star
2498:"Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England"
2358:"Kingcharlesinspanieli Jalostuksen tavoiteohjelma"
1303:(in Latin). London, UK: Richard Johnes. p. 6.
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585:, but rather a type of small spaniel used to hunt
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2546:Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats
1904:"Anne Happy, Phillip Miffed as Ike Leaves Family"
1720:
1718:
1137:. Washington, D.C.: Beverley Tucker. p. 369.
1017:breed, King Charles Spaniels can be sensitive to
772:tenth birthday party with her dog Rolly in 1960.
728:moved out and later evicted the Duchess herself.
453:holding a small red and white toy-sized spaniel.
2876:
2874:
2549:. Chichester, UK: Wiley–Blackwell. p. 126.
2253:. The Kennel Club. December 2007. Archived from
708:owned a King Charles Spaniel at the time of the
2749:
2747:
2619:
2617:
2573:. American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation
2277:"Breed and Class Results: King Charles Spaniel"
2180:. The Kennel Club. 22 July 2008. Archived from
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
1446:. London UK: J.R. Nichols and Son. p. 374.
1183:Animals as Disguised Symbols in Renaissance Art
1126:
1124:
754:originated from a competition held by American
282:
222:and were made famous by their association with
825:the Cavalier is the most popular breed in the
746:Headshot of an early 20th-century Ruby Spaniel
3761:
3135:
2701:
2699:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
1987:"RSPCA Pulls Out of Crufts Over Breeding Row"
850:offshoot, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
801:was critical of the breeding of a variety of
593:, gave its name to the Blenheim Spaniel. The
8:
2437:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2363:. King Charlesin Spaniel r.y. Archived from
2201:
2199:
706:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
455:Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth
274:Portrait of Queen Mary I and King Philip by
236:Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
1637:
1635:
1370:
1368:
3768:
3754:
3746:
3302:
3142:
3128:
3120:
2730:"Disorders by Breed: King Charles Spaniel"
2708:"Brachycephalic Syndrome in Dogs and Cats"
2571:"Breed Health Concerns/Research Interests"
1535:
1533:
1531:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1312:
1310:
1277:
1275:
1220:
1218:
1205:
1203:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1146:
1144:
1037:, which may be associated with cataracts;
400:Five children of King Charles I of England
135:
82:
40:
31:
2406:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1729:. London, UK: Pelham Books. p. 116.
677:Conformation showing and the 20th century
336:and also with imported Chinese dogs. The
3009:. Philadelphia: The Associated Fanciers.
630:A painting of a King Charles Spaniel by
262:conditions and a range of eye problems.
3023:. New York, NY: D Appleton and Company.
2395:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
2305:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1297:Caius, John; Fleming, Abraham (1576) .
1292:
1290:
1120:
473:Portrait of a King Charles Spaniel, by
3150:Dogs originating in the United Kingdom
3098:. Philadelphia, PA: Blanchard and Lea.
3055:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
2430:
2224:. Canadian Kennel Club. Archived from
2045:. American Kennel Club. Archived from
1487:Natural History Picture Book: Mammalia
766:Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
720:bred so many King Charles Spaniels at
427:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
3843:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
3433:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
2251:"King Charles Spaniel Breed Standard"
2100:Hankins, Justine (19 February 2006).
1960:"Crufts Hit by 'Deformed' Breeds Row"
1958:Donnelly, Brian (16 September 2008).
1930:"Queen, Looking Well, Goes To Palace"
1423:Browning, William Ernst, ed. (1910).
1357:. George Bell & Sons – via
1352:The Diary of Samuel Pepys M.A. F.R.S.
872:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
560:19th century and the Blenheim Spaniel
226:. Members of the breed were owned by
157:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
3623:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
1985:Sugden, Joanne (15 September 2008).
2154:"Animal Welfare Act: Section 6"
1756:"English Toy Spaniel Did You Know?"
690:following the intervention of King
3087:. London: Saville, Edwards and Co.
2839:Manchester Evening News (Jan 2007)
2835:"Shops centre ban for 'royal' dog"
1993:. News Corporation. Archived from
1186:. Boston, MA: Brill. p. 137.
25:
4007:Dog breeds originating in England
2977:. Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
2861:"King Charles and a point of law"
2074:. The Kennel Club. Archived from
2043:"AKC Dog Registration Statistics"
2016:Kiss, Jemima (12 December 2008).
932:Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
913:for hospitals and nursing homes.
623:seen in the modern King Charles.
2907:"Feeding your small breed puppy"
1902:Gilmore, Eddy (29 August 1959).
891:Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Wegener
3073:The Illustrated Book of the Dog
2408:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0695.x
2205:
2140:
1877:"Princess Anne's 10th Birthday"
1832:
1641:
1626:
1588:Hungerland, Jacklyn E. (2003).
1563:
1410:
1374:
1344:(1893). "4 September 1667". In
1328:
1281:
1224:
1209:
1167:
1150:
787:King Charles Spaniels from 1915
604:The Illustrated Book of the Dog
525:'s poem to the daughter of the
2985:Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
1789:Dalley, Jan (7 January 1996).
1776:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1614:
1575:
1551:
1386:
710:shooting of the Romanov family
234:) and her great-granddaughter
214:Thought to have originated in
1:
3823:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
3567:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
2781:"Patella Luxation Statistics"
2178:"Traditionally Docked Breeds"
1863:
1539:
1522:
1398:
1316:
1099:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
752:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
414:. Spanish artists, including
252:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
102:8–14 pounds (3.6–6.4 kg)
3020:Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors
2279:. DFS Crufts. Archived from
1936:. Newsquest. 18 January 1960
1851:
1727:Crufts: The Official History
459:Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors
3412:West Highland White Terrier
3070:Shaw, Vero Kemball (1881).
2982:Coile, D. Caroline (2008).
1883:. Newsquest. 16 August 1960
1457:Bowon, Edgar Peter (2006).
1426:The Poems of Jonathan Swift
1025:, and anesthesia acts as a
457:, writing in her 1911 work
391:17th century and Charles II
94:9–11 inches (23–28 cm)
4038:
3469:Staffordshire Bull Terrier
3081:Walsh, John Henry (1876).
2625:"Patent Ductus Arteriosus"
2517:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020
1658:"Gillie Sells for $ 1,000"
1484:Wood, John George (1862).
685:A Blenheim Spaniel in 1903
515:On Rover, a Lady's Spaniel
3966:
3783:
3711:
3092:Youatt, William (1852) .
1440:Hogarth, William (1833).
640:biological classification
510:during the 17th century.
493:in 1688 and the reign of
171:
160:
148:
134:
125:
117:
109:
101:
93:
81:
39:
3793:Australian Silky Terrier
3248:English Springer Spaniel
2166:, 2006 c. 45 (s. 6)
1501:Anderson, James (1800).
999:Patent ductus arteriosus
995:congestive heart failure
950:Eye and heart conditions
589:. The Duke's residence,
3653:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
3003:Diehl, John E. (1899).
2676:Arden, Darleen (2006).
1725:Jackson, Frank (1990).
831:Vulnerable Native Breed
552:Lady Hamilton as Nature
3948:Toy Manchester Terrier
3464:Miniature Bull Terrier
3402:Sporting Lucas Terrier
3367:Parson Russell Terrier
3337:Dandie Dinmont Terrier
3288:Welsh Springer Spaniel
3238:English Cocker Spaniel
3233:Curly-Coated Retriever
3028:Moffat, Norma (2006).
2971:Brown, Thomas (1829).
2679:Small Dogs, Big Hearts
2596:"Mitral Valve Disease"
2505:The Veterinary Journal
1758:. American Kennel Club
1300:De Canibus Britannicis
1180:Cohen, Simona (2008).
901:
858:
788:
747:
718:Duchess of Marlborough
686:
635:
595:Sportsman's Repository
574:Sportsman's Repository
569:
478:
403:
372:De Canibus Britannicis
287:
279:
63:Prince Charles Spaniel
3633:English White Terrier
3628:English Water Spaniel
3598:Black and Tan Terrier
3258:Flat-Coated Retriever
2466:10.1136/vr.145.22.625
2303:"Breeds Nomenclature"
2219:"English Toy Spaniel"
2164:The National Archives
885:
856:
798:Pedigree Dogs Exposed
786:
745:
684:
629:
567:
472:
434:Charles II of England
398:
273:
139:Kennel club standards
46:'King Charles' Colour
3873:King Charles Spaniel
3643:North Country Beagle
3577:King Charles Spaniel
3516:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
3511:Old English Sheepdog
3501:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
3342:Jack Russell Terrier
3205:West Country Harrier
3111:King Charles Spaniel
3084:British Rural Sports
3049:Palika, Liz (2007).
3015:Lytton, Mrs. Neville
2811:American Kennel Club
2651:"Cardiac Statistics"
2543:Gough, Alex (2010).
2529:"n=26, median=12.0,
1997:on 17 September 2008
1083:Houses of Parliament
987:mitral valve disease
778:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
696:American Kennel Club
353:Mary, Queen of Scots
258:problems, including
250:and the now popular
189:King Charles Spaniel
35:King Charles Spaniel
3833:Chinese Crested Dog
3698:Tweed Water Spaniel
3688:Toy Trawler Spaniel
3648:Old English Bulldog
3613:Cumberland Sheepdog
2937:"Buchlyvie 513 OES"
2706:McKay, Scott Alan.
2486:"n=22, median=10.1"
2257:on 17 December 2014
1009:Other common issues
733:Toy Trawler Spaniel
634:, from c. 1866
614:in his 1845 study,
578:Duke of Marlborough
535:Thomas Gainsborough
491:Glorious Revolution
416:Juan de Valdés Leal
360:Henry III of France
248:Toy Trawler Spaniel
193:English Toy Spaniel
191:(also known as the
57:English Toy Spaniel
3893:Miniature Pinscher
3853:Griffon Bruxellois
3582:Northern Inuit Dog
3397:Smooth Fox Terrier
3372:Patterdale Terrier
3352:Manchester Terrier
3322:Bedlington Terrier
3273:Labrador Retriever
3195:Scottish Deerhound
2841:. 17 February 2007
2761:on 30 October 2011
2710:. Peteducation.com
2159:legislation.gov.uk
2102:"The Dying Breeds"
1822:. 7 February 2011.
1665:The New York Times
1346:Wheatley, Henry B.
1246:Rice, Dan (2002).
902:
859:
789:
748:
687:
636:
570:
485:, through that of
479:
475:Jean-Baptiste Huet
447:Princess Henrietta
404:
280:
3982:
3981:
3958:Yorkshire Terrier
3863:Italian Greyhound
3743:
3742:
3603:Blue Paul Terrier
3526:Shetland Sheepdog
3506:Lancashire Heeler
3477:
3476:
3438:Yorkshire Terrier
3062:978-0-470-00921-5
3041:978-0-471-74823-6
2995:978-0-7641-3771-6
2689:978-0-471-77963-6
2657:on 31 August 2017
2556:978-1-4051-8078-8
2454:Veterinary Record
2283:on 14 August 2011
1934:The Evening Times
1736:978-0-7207-1889-8
1601:978-0-7641-2419-8
1470:978-0-89090-143-4
1265:978-0-7641-2095-4
1193:978-90-04-17101-5
1035:diabetes mellitus
976:optic disc drusen
960:corneal dystrophy
664:Otto von Bismarck
602:in his 1881 work
412:Peter Paul Rubens
185:
184:
167:
166:
130:
129:
16:(Redirected from
4029:
3898:Miniature Poodle
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3454:Bull and terrier
3417:Wire Fox Terrier
3387:Sealyham Terrier
3382:Scottish Terrier
3347:Lakeland Terrier
3317:Airedale Terrier
3303:
3263:Golden Retriever
3175:English Foxhound
3144:
3137:
3130:
3121:
3099:
3088:
3077:
3066:
3045:
3024:
3010:
2999:
2978:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2943:. Archived from
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2913:. Archived from
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2410:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:on 24 April 2012
2369:
2362:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:on 24 April 2012
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:on 16 March 2011
2174:
2168:
2167:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2081:on 25 March 2012
2080:
2073:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1752:
1741:
1740:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1526:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1253:
1250:Small Dog Breeds
1243:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1047:patella luxation
1043:umbilical hernia
899:
756:Roswell Eldridge
700:Japanese Spaniel
646:by 19th-century
644:Canis consolator
620:selectively bred
508:Anthony van Dyck
495:King William III
465:After Charles II
443:Whitehall Palace
384:Matthew C. Perry
317:, including the
298:
295:Matthew C. Perry
291:Francis L. Hawks
180:
174:
136:
115:Litter size
83:
67:Blenheim Spaniel
54:
44:
32:
21:
18:Blenheim Spaniel
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4017:Rare dog breeds
3987:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3962:
3943:Toy Fox Terrier
3938:Tibetan Spaniel
3838:Coton de Tulear
3779:
3774:
3744:
3739:
3707:
3658:Paisley Terrier
3638:Norfolk Spaniel
3586:
3572:English Mastiff
3545:
3473:
3442:
3421:
3377:Plummer Terrier
3362:Norwich Terrier
3357:Norfolk Terrier
3309:
3292:
3228:Clumber Spaniel
3214:
3151:
3148:
3107:
3102:
3091:
3080:
3069:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3027:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2981:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2917:on 30 June 2016
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2787:on 6 April 2013
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2755:"Breed Profile"
2753:
2752:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2429:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2325:"Routuesittely"
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1795:The Independent
1791:"Grave Affairs"
1788:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1667:. 17 April 1896
1660:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1529:
1521:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1308:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1157:
1149:
1142:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1112:
1095:
1074:
1027:muscle relaxant
1011:
989:, in which the
952:
923:natural bobtail
919:
893:
880:
839:
803:pedigree breeds
770:Princess Anne's
737:Cocker Spaniels
722:Blenheim Palace
679:
591:Blenheim Palace
562:
543:Queen Charlotte
531:William Hogarth
527:Lord Lieutenant
523:Ambrose Philips
467:
449:was painted by
420:Diego Velázquez
408:Caspar Netscher
393:
320:Venus of Urbino
300:
289:
268:
224:King Charles II
208:the Kennel Club
176:
172:
145:The Kennel Club
66:
64:
62:
60:
58:
52:
47:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4002:Companion dogs
3999:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Pomeranian dog
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3848:French Bulldog
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:Boston Terrier
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Biewer Terrier
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Southern Hound
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3541:Welsh Sheepdog
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Bearded Collie
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Border Terrier
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:Sussex Spaniel
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:English Setter
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3106:
3105:External links
3103:
3101:
3100:
3089:
3078:
3067:
3061:
3046:
3040:
3025:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2947:on 5 July 2019
2928:
2898:
2870:
2852:
2823:
2798:
2772:
2743:
2721:
2695:
2688:
2668:
2642:
2631:on 3 July 2011
2613:
2602:on 3 July 2011
2584:
2562:
2555:
2535:
2488:
2444:
2401:(2): 187–198.
2381:
2342:
2316:
2294:
2268:
2242:
2231:on 27 May 2011
2210:
2195:
2169:
2145:
2118:
2092:
2060:
2049:on 11 May 2012
2034:
2008:
1977:
1947:
1921:
1894:
1868:
1856:
1837:
1825:
1807:
1781:
1769:
1742:
1735:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1646:
1631:
1619:
1607:
1600:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1493:
1476:
1469:
1449:
1432:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1364:
1333:
1321:
1306:
1286:
1271:
1264:
1229:
1214:
1199:
1192:
1172:
1155:
1140:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1073:
1070:
1015:brachycephalic
1010:
1007:
972:microphthalmia
951:
948:
936:brachycephalic
918:
915:
879:
876:
838:
835:
678:
675:
656:Edward Topsell
612:William Youatt
583:Cocker Spaniel
561:
558:
545:from 1781 and
519:Jonathan Swift
466:
463:
451:Pierre Mignard
392:
389:
329:Paolo Veronese
293:and Commodore
281:
267:
264:
228:Queen Victoria
183:
182:
169:
168:
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:Life span
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4034:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3985:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Japanese Chin
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Bolognese dog
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Affenpinscher
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3723:Fell Terriers
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3703:Welsh Hillman
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Smooth Collie
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Border Collie
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Welsh Terrier
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Cairn Terrier
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Gordon Setter
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Field Spaniel
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2887:
2886:Parliament.uk
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2865:Dogcast Radio
2862:
2856:
2853:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2669:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:(3): 638–43.
2510:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2460:(22): 625–9.
2459:
2455:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2206:Palika (2007)
2202:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2143:: pp. 232–233
2142:
2141:Palika (2007)
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1910:. Roger Quinn
1909:
1908:Gadsden Times
1905:
1898:
1895:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:Moffat (2006)
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:Lytton (1911)
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:The Telegraph
1817:
1811:
1808:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Lytton (1911)
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:Lytton (1911)
1623:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:Youatt (1852)
1560:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:Lytton (1911)
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:Moffat (2006)
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:Lytton (1911)
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1342:Pepys, Samuel
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:Lytton (1911)
1325:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:Lytton (1911)
1278:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Lytton (1911)
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Lytton (1911)
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:Lytton (1911)
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:Lytton (1911)
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:hydrocephalus
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
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945:
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937:
933:
928:
924:
916:
914:
912:
906:
897:
892:
888:
884:
877:
875:
873:
867:
863:
855:
851:
848:
844:
836:
834:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
815:Scottish SPCA
812:
808:
807:syringomyelia
804:
800:
799:
794:
791:In 2008, the
785:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
744:
740:
738:
734:
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727:
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715:
711:
707:
703:
701:
697:
693:
683:
676:
674:
672:
668:
665:
660:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
632:Édouard Manet
628:
624:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
601:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
575:
566:
559:
557:
554:
553:
548:
547:George Romney
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:'s satire of
520:
516:
511:
509:
504:
500:
499:Queen Mary II
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:King James II
476:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
430:
428:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
397:
390:
388:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
330:
326:
325:Palma Vecchio
322:
321:
316:
311:
309:
308:Japanese Chin
305:
299:
296:
292:
286:
277:
272:
265:
263:
261:
255:
253:
249:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:) is a small
194:
190:
179:
170:
163:
158:
154:
151:
146:
142:
137:
133:
121:
113:
105:
97:
89:
84:
80:
77:
76:Great Britain
74:
70:
56:
50:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
3984:
3970:
3903:Papillon dog
3872:
3858:Havanese dog
3798:Bichon Frisé
3727:Fox Terriers
3715:
3693:Turnspit dog
3678:Talbot Hound
3668:Sleuth hound
3576:
3521:Rough Collie
3483:Herding dogs
3459:Bull Terrier
3392:Skye Terrier
3094:
3083:
3072:
3051:
3030:
3019:
3005:
2984:
2973:
2949:. Retrieved
2945:the original
2940:
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2915:the original
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2889:. Retrieved
2885:
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2843:. Retrieved
2838:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
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2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2775:
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2759:the original
2734:. Retrieved
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2678:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2645:
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2629:the original
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2575:. Retrieved
2565:
2545:
2538:
2508:
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2491:
2457:
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2447:
2433:cite journal
2398:
2394:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2365:the original
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:the original
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:the original
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2226:the original
2213:
2186:. Retrieved
2182:the original
2172:
2157:
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2109:. Retrieved
2106:The Guardian
2105:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2063:
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2047:the original
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2022:The Guardian
2021:
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1990:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1963:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1907:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1859:
1852:Coile (2008)
1828:
1819:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:
1784:
1777:Diehl (1899)
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1726:
1710:Diehl (1899)
1705:
1698:Diehl (1899)
1693:
1686:Diehl (1899)
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1664:
1622:
1615:Brown (1829)
1610:
1590:
1583:
1576:Brown (1829)
1571:
1559:
1552:Brown (1829)
1547:
1503:
1496:
1486:
1479:
1459:
1452:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1387:Walsh (1876)
1382:
1351:
1336:
1324:
1299:
1249:
1182:
1175:
1133:
1087:
1078:urban legend
1075:
1051:
1039:cleft palate
1012:
991:mitral valve
984:
953:
920:
907:
903:
886:
868:
864:
860:
840:
823:
796:
795:documentary
790:
774:Elizabeth II
764:
749:
730:
714:White Forces
704:
688:
669:
661:
643:
637:
615:
608:
603:
594:
573:
571:
550:
514:
512:
480:
458:
439:Samuel Pepys
431:
405:
399:
377:
371:
357:
345:Queen Mary I
342:
318:
312:
301:
288:
283:
256:
240:
220:Queen Mary I
213:
192:
188:
186:
178:domestic dog
65:Ruby Spaniel
26:
3928:Russkiy Toy
3888:Maltese dog
3683:Toy Bulldog
3562:Bullmastiff
3200:Welsh Hound
2911:Kennel Club
2533:=10.0-14.2"
2261:12 November
1966:. Newsquest
1540:Shaw (1881)
1523:Shaw (1881)
1317:Shaw (1881)
1031:heat stroke
911:therapy dog
894: [
878:Temperament
837:Description
726:her husband
671:Anne Brontë
648:dog writers
349:King Philip
276:Hans Eworth
206:. In 1903,
126:10–16 years
59:Toy Spaniel
53:Other names
4012:FCI breeds
3991:Categories
3953:Toy Poodle
3878:Lhasa Apso
3531:Smithfield
3447:Bull types
3426:Toy breeds
3190:Otterhound
3170:Bloodhound
2816:1 February
2714:20 October
1964:The Herald
1881:The Herald
1591:Papillions
1359:Wikisource
1110:References
1072:Urban myth
1066:Fused toes
1062:euthanised
1054:fontanelle
1019:anesthesia
938:dogs, and
889:(1855) by
692:Edward VII
487:Queen Anne
424:naturalist
380:John Saris
364:John Caius
3908:Pekingese
3828:Chihuahua
3673:Staghound
3608:Buckhound
3180:Greyhound
2765:8 October
2736:3 October
2417:1939-1676
2374:8 October
2335:8 October
1991:The Times
1443:Anecdotes
980:keratitis
968:entropion
964:distichia
956:cataracts
944:metabolic
940:endocrine
827:Toy Group
600:Vero Shaw
304:Pekingese
216:East Asia
197:dog breed
29:Dog breed
4022:Spaniels
3997:Toy dogs
3933:Shih Tzu
3777:Toy dogs
3735:Lurchers
3731:Longdogs
3298:Terriers
3220:Gun dogs
3017:(1911).
3006:Toy Dogs
2791:22 March
2661:22 March
2635:25 March
2606:25 March
2577:25 March
2525:24206631
2482:34557345
2474:10619607
2425:21352376
2309:22 March
2287:22 March
2235:25 March
2208:: p. 190
2188:20 March
2085:20 March
2053:20 March
1762:20 March
1617:: p. 302
1578:: p. 301
1554:: p. 295
1542:: p. 164
1525:: p. 163
1389:: p. 667
1319:: p. 162
1115:Specific
1093:See also
1013:Being a
587:woodcock
549:'s 1782
539:portrait
378:Captain
338:Papillon
162:standard
150:standard
61:Charlies
3913:Phalène
3883:Löwchen
3813:Bolonka
3719:Collies
3591:Extinct
3557:Bulldog
3307:Working
3278:Pointer
3210:Whippet
3185:Harrier
3095:The Dog
2964:General
2891:22 June
2111:28 July
2027:28 July
2001:28 July
1970:28 July
1940:28 July
1914:28 July
1887:28 July
1866:: p. 23
1835:: p. 80
1800:28 July
1779:: p. 38
1712:: p. 42
1700:: p. 41
1688:: p. 39
1671:28 July
1644:: p. 40
1629:: p. 36
1566:: p. 78
1413:: p. 19
1401:: p. 19
1377:: p. 17
1348:(ed.).
1331:: p. 52
1284:: p. 16
1227:: p. 38
1212:: p. 15
1170:: p. 14
1153:: p. 94
1104:Toy dog
1023:pharynx
1003:cardiac
843:withers
652:Phalène
616:The Dog
366:' 1570
334:Maltese
266:History
260:cardiac
201:spaniel
199:of the
3974:Bichon
3971:Types:
3733:&
3716:Types:
3310:breeds
3165:Beagle
3157:Hounds
3115:Curlie
3059:
3038:
2992:
2951:29 May
2921:29 May
2845:29 May
2686:
2553:
2523:
2480:
2472:
2423:
2415:
1854:: p. 9
1733:
1598:
1467:
1354:
1262:
1258:–146.
1190:
978:, and
917:Health
847:docked
819:Crufts
501:, the
315:Titian
297:(1856)
278:(1558)
107:Colour
99:Weight
91:Height
86:Traits
72:Origin
3550:Other
2501:(PDF)
2478:S2CID
2368:(PDF)
2361:(PDF)
2229:(PDF)
2222:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
2072:(PDF)
1661:(PDF)
927:T-box
898:]
724:that
432:King
370:work
368:Latin
358:King
3057:ISBN
3036:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2953:2016
2923:2016
2893:2017
2847:2016
2818:2019
2793:2011
2767:2011
2738:2011
2716:2011
2684:ISBN
2663:2011
2637:2011
2608:2011
2579:2011
2551:ISBN
2521:PMID
2470:PMID
2439:link
2421:PMID
2413:ISSN
2376:2011
2337:2011
2311:2011
2289:2011
2263:2014
2237:2011
2190:2011
2113:2011
2087:2011
2055:2011
2029:2011
2003:2011
1972:2011
1942:2011
1916:2011
1889:2011
1802:2011
1764:2011
1731:ISBN
1673:2011
1596:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1041:and
942:and
760:stop
750:The
497:and
477:1778
418:and
410:and
347:and
327:and
306:and
232:Dash
204:type
187:The
3923:Pug
3618:Cur
3113:at
2531:IQR
2513:doi
2509:198
2462:doi
2458:145
2403:doi
1256:145
1076:An
793:BBC
642:of
541:of
537:'s
503:Pug
243:Pug
173:Dog
3993::
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