54:
407:
is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual
455:
refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program.
258:
for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though the block size in file systems may be a multiple of the physical block size. This leads to space inefficiency due to
373:
401:
denotes a group of bits used to encode a character, or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than
263:, since file lengths are often not integer multiples of block size, and thus the last block of a file may remain partially empty. This will create
317:. DBMSes often use their own block I/O for improved performance and recoverability as compared to layering the DBMS on top of a file system.
71:
220:, blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to
137:
118:
90:
568:
361:
338:
255:
75:
346:
97:
468:
422:
104:
573:
290:
64:
181:
86:
260:
42:
38:
403:
306:
209:
31:
426:
consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle.
279:
30:
This article is about the computer input/output technique. For the process scheduling concept, see
519:
334:
111:
365:
314:
157:
275:
161:
293:(DBMS) for use by applications and end users. The physical or logical volumes accessed via
353:
342:
388:
Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to
217:
189:
544:
562:
494:
440:
432:
302:
224:
204:
is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a
251:
240:
228:
221:
437:
264:
247:
232:
213:
205:
53:
17:
427:
236:
153:
445:
272:
208:, and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the
430:
is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term
310:
268:
410:
397:
369:
298:
173:
469:"Available hard drive space, block sizes, and size terminology"
390:
283:
177:
47:
297:
may be devices internal to a server, directly attached via
289:
Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or
27:
Sequence of bits or bytes of a maximum predetermined size
364:/ The Maple Press Company, York, PA., pp. 39–40,
436:
was coined for this purpose by the designers of the
196:. The process of putting data into blocks is called
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
278:, attempt to solve this through techniques called
414:, but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to
216:. For some devices, such as magnetic tape and
8:
358:Planning a Computer System – Project Stretch
180:, usually containing some whole number of
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
326:
408:characters. (The term is coined from
7:
520:"Bruning Questions: ZFS Record Size"
305:, or distant devices accessed via a
280:block suballocation and tail merging
76:adding citations to reliable sources
267:. Some newer file systems, such as
212:and speeds up the handling of the
25:
543:Bourbonnais, Roch (2006-06-07).
52:
379:from the original on 2017-04-03
339:Brooks, Jr., Frederick Phillips
309:(SAN) using a protocol such as
63:needs additional citations for
362:McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
286:support variable block sizes.
282:. Other file systems such as
1:
231:, and rotating media such as
184:, having a maximum length; a
518:Balik, Rachel (2013-03-29).
590:
291:database management system
36:
29:
87:"Block" data storage
37:Not to be confused with
545:"Tuning ZFS recordsize"
347:"4: Natural Data Units"
261:internal fragmentation
254:, which is a level of
43:Bank (computer memory)
39:Page (computer memory)
569:Computer data storage
495:"Physical Structures"
168:, sometimes called a
307:storage area network
72:improve this article
32:Blocking (computing)
394:, are listed below.
335:Blaauw, Gerrit Anne
172:, is a sequence of
574:Data transmission
158:data transmission
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
581:
553:
552:
540:
534:
533:
531:
530:
515:
509:
508:
506:
505:
490:
484:
483:
481:
480:
465:
459:
458:
449:
385:
384:
378:
354:Buchholz, Werner
351:
343:Buchholz, Werner
331:
218:CKD disk devices
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
589:
588:
584:
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
559:
558:
557:
556:
542:
541:
537:
528:
526:
517:
516:
512:
503:
501:
492:
491:
487:
478:
476:
467:
466:
462:
451:
443:
419:
395:
382:
380:
376:
349:
333:
332:
328:
323:
250:are based on a
192:are said to be
170:physical record
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
587:
585:
577:
576:
571:
561:
560:
555:
554:
535:
510:
485:
460:
325:
324:
322:
319:
156:(specifically
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
586:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
564:
550:
546:
539:
536:
525:
521:
514:
511:
500:
496:
493:Chang, S. K.
489:
486:
474:
470:
464:
461:
457:
454:
447:
442:
439:
435:
434:
429:
425:
424:
417:
413:
412:
406:
405:
400:
399:
393:
392:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
348:
344:
340:
336:
330:
327:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Fibre Channel
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
241:optical discs
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:magnetic tape
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Block storage
548:
538:
527:. Retrieved
523:
513:
502:. Retrieved
498:
488:
477:. Retrieved
475:. 2009-05-05
472:
463:
452:
431:
421:
415:
409:
402:
396:
389:
387:
381:, retrieved
357:
329:
294:
288:
252:block device
248:file systems
245:
233:floppy disks
229:flash memory
201:
197:
193:
188:. Data thus
185:
169:
165:
162:data storage
151:
149:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
444: [
265:slack space
256:abstraction
214:data stream
206:data buffer
563:Categories
529:2013-03-29
504:2014-04-29
499:Captain SK
479:2014-04-29
450:computer.)
383:2017-04-03
321:References
237:hard disks
202:deblocking
190:structured
186:block size
128:April 2014
98:newspapers
428:Word size
404:character
295:block I/O
154:computing
441:GAMMA 60
374:archived
370:61-10466
345:(1962),
210:overhead
200:, while
198:blocking
356:(ed.),
273:FreeBSD
227:, NAND
222:9-track
194:blocked
182:records
112:scholar
549:Oracle
524:Joyent
433:catena
368:
239:, and
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
453:Block
448:]
377:(PDF)
352:, in
350:(PDF)
313:, or
311:iSCSI
269:Btrfs
246:Most
174:bytes
166:block
164:), a
119:JSTOR
105:books
473:CNET
438:Bull
423:word
411:bite
398:Byte
366:LCCN
299:SCSI
276:UFS2
271:and
178:bits
160:and
91:news
416:bit
391:bit
315:AoE
301:or
284:ZFS
176:or
152:In
74:by
41:or
565::
547:.
522:.
497:.
471:.
446:fr
420:A
418:.)
386:,
372:,
360:,
341:;
337:;
243:.
235:,
551:.
532:.
507:.
482:.
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
68:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
