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194:, visible as transparent patches or small dots in the disc. Corrosion is possible due to the thinness of the layer; normally aluminum does not corrode because it is coated in a thin oxide layer that forms on contact with oxygen. Single-sided video discs did not appear to suffer from laser rot while double-sided discs did. The name "laser rot" is not necessarily a
102:
Since disc rot is often caused by the corrosion of aluminum, this means that DVDs are more resistant to disc rot. Each type of optical disc thus has different susceptibility to contamination and corrosion of its reflecting layer; furthermore, the writable and re-writable versions of each optical disc type are somewhat different as well. Finally, discs made with
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DVDs have a different structure from CDs, using a plastic disc over the reflecting layer. This means that a scratch on either surface of a DVD is not as likely to reach the reflective layer and expose it to environmental contamination and perhaps to cause corrosion, perhaps progressive corrosion.
190:, and their progressive worsening over time. It is most commonly attributed to oxidation in the aluminum layers by poor quality adhesives used to bond the disc halves together. Poor adhesives separate over time, which allows oxygen in the air to corrode the thin aluminum layer into
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Laser rot was indicated by the appearance of multi-colored speckles appearing in the video output of a LaserDisc during playback. The speckles increased in volume and frequency as the disc continued to degrade. Much of the early production run of MCA
65:, and is also exposed at the edge of the disc. The lacquer protecting the edge of an optical disc can usually be seen without magnification. It is rarely uniformly thick; thickness variations are usually visible. The reflective layer is typically
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as the reflecting layer are considerably less vulnerable to chemical corrosion problems. Because they are less expensive, the industry has adopted aluminium reflecting layers as the standard for factory-pressed optical discs.
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media, the materials used in the reflecting layer are more complex than a simple aluminium layer, but also can present problems if contaminated. The thin 0.25-0.5mm layer of protective lacquer is equivalent.
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for the bulk aluminium with regard to many, but not all, contaminants. CD reflective layers are so thin that this passivation is less effective. In the case of
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between 2006 and 2008 developed disc rot not long after production. Disc rot was also more common on double-sided HD-DVDs than on single-sided HD-DVDs.
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242:, a type of disc rot, affecting a subset of CDs and DVDs, causing a bronze-colored darkening of the playable surface and eventual loss of readability.
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275:, a band who gained popularity in 2016 when a 2000 demo EP which was notably distorted due to CD-R disc rot was found in a charity shop.
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332:"Longevity of Recordable CDS and DVDS - Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 19/1 - Canada.ca"
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In audio CDs, the rot leads to scrambled or skipped audio or even the inability to play the disc.
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When the CD is held up to a strong light, light shines through several pin-prick-sized holes.
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light damage, and de-bonding of the adhesive used to adhere the layers of the disc together.
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is formed quickly when an aluminium surface is exposed to the atmosphere; it serves as
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discs had severe laser rot. Also, in the 1990s, LaserDiscs manufactured by Sony's
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Discoloration of the disc, which looks like a coffee stain on the disc. See also
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Laser rot is the appearance of video and audio artifacts during the playback of
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Video artifacts resulting from laser rot on a 1981 MCA Discovision pressing of
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In CDs, the reflective layer is immediately beneath a thin protective layer of
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to become unreadable because of chemical deterioration. The causes include
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486:"CD Bronzing" article, with PDO replacement information, at Classical.net
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488:- How a manufacturing problem can cause disc quality degradation
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carried by liquid water. In ordinary use, a surface layer of
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On CDs, the rot becomes visually noticeable in two ways:
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of the reflective layer, reactions with contaminants,
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836:
716:
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507:A bad case of DVD rot eats into movie collections
246:Conservation and restoration of plastic objects
436:"How to Test the Burn Quality of CD/DVD Media"
27:Tendency of optical discs to become unreadable
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1173:Preservation (library and archival science)
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461:Widescreen Review Laserdisc Magic 1998
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306:Lampson, L. David (September 1995).
279:DVD § Disc quality measurements
494:article, with extensive footnoting.
159:before uncorrectable errors occur.
125:An extreme case of disc rot on a CD
25:
1106:
1096:
1087:
1086:
390:Ernie Smith (February 2, 2017).
366:"Is music safe on compact disc?"
925:Optical disc authoring software
226:, especially those produced by
364:Tom Bishop (August 27, 2004).
1:
284:Compact disc § Integrity
214:, were plagued by laser rot.
492:"Using CDs for Data Storage"
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915:CD copy protection schemes
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837:Hardware/software/content
512:Blu-ray rot on copies of
920:CD player manufacturers
414:qpxtool.sourceforge.io
183:
157:loss of data integrity
149:surface error scanning
126:
1153:Materials degradation
416:. QPxTool. 2008-08-01
179:The Electric Horseman
175:
124:
934:Variants based on CD
899:Orange-Book-Standard
212:Terre Haute, Indiana
253:, a similar concept
155:allows discovering
33:is the tendency of
1168:Product expiration
859:Portable CD player
739:CD copy protection
410:"QPxTool glossary"
184:
127:
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956:Video Single Disc
117:Signs of disc rot
16:(Redirected from
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988:Hybrid DVD-Audio
749:CD manufacturing
689:business card CD
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392:"When Discs Die"
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338:. Archived from
336:canada.pch.gc.ca
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472:External links
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312:Classical.net
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308:"CD Bronzing"
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43:optical discs
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1148:120 mm discs
1133:Compact disc
997:Scarlet Book
758:
744:CD emulation
729:CD authoring
552:Compact disc
514:The Prestige
513:
497:
479:Mac Observer
478:
460:
459:Bob Niland.
454:
443:. Retrieved
439:
430:
418:. Retrieved
413:
404:
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344:. Retrieved
340:the original
335:
326:
315:. Retrieved
311:
228:Warner Bros.
221:
200:
185:
177:
146:
143:
128:
109:
100:
60:
51:ultra-violet
30:
29:
1143:80 mm discs
993:Hybrid SACD
972:Purple Book
892:Court cases
866:CD recorder
764:CD bronzing
595:Yellow Book
585:Orange Book
240:CD bronzing
204:DiscoVision
138:CD bronzing
87:passivation
41:, or other
18:Blu-ray rot
1127:Categories
1112:Wiktionary
1013:Picture CD
811:Rock Ridge
781:CD-i Ready
771:CD subcode
754:CD ripping
734:CD burning
717:Technology
706:White Book
673:Beige Book
621:Green Book
445:2020-08-01
346:12 January
317:2019-01-30
290:References
218:HD-DVD rot
188:LaserDiscs
1158:LaserDisc
1054:LaserDisc
1023:VinylDisc
876:CD single
871:CD ripper
854:CD player
816:ISO 13490
791:El Torito
786:4ch CD-DA
684:shaped CD
650:(Karaoke)
637:Blue Book
210:plant in
168:Laser rot
67:aluminium
47:oxidation
1092:Category
1059:MiniDisc
1032:See also
1018:VideoNow
978:DualDisc
951:CD Video
946:ATRAC CD
849:CD drive
796:ISO 9660
776:C2 error
669:Photo CD
575:Red Book
273:Panchiko
261:Flexplay
251:Data rot
234:See also
196:misnomer
163:Variants
111:Blu-rays
31:Disc rot
1102:Commons
1039:Blu-ray
1003:MovieCD
844:CD Case
659:Mini CD
654:Gold CD
628:CD-Text
481:article
420:22 July
224:HD-DVDs
63:lacquer
1163:HD DVD
1049:HD DVD
1008:MP3 CD
801:Joliet
759:CD rot
606:CD-MRW
591:CD-ROM
502:copy)
396:Tedium
267:M-Disc
147:Using
75:sulfur
71:oxygen
57:Causes
968:DD-CD
908:Lists
806:Romeo
643:CD+EG
611:CD-MO
601:CD-RW
571:CD-DA
559:Discs
257:DVD-D
222:Many
95:CD-RW
1074:WORM
1064:SACD
983:HDCD
963:cDVD
828:XRCD
696:SVCD
679:PMCD
648:CD+G
616:CD-i
581:CD-R
422:2020
348:2022
259:and
208:DADC
104:gold
93:and
91:CD-R
79:ions
1138:DVD
1069:UMD
1044:DVD
823:UDF
701:VCD
633:CD+
370:BBC
39:DVD
1129::
566:CD
438:.
412:.
394:.
378:^
368:.
356:^
334:.
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298:^
73:,
37:,
35:CD
544:e
537:t
530:v
498:(
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350:.
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182:.
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20:)
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