245:
114:
48:
31:
72:
362:. Females give birth to one or two offspring in June or July, after a gestation of 120 to 129 days. The young are weaned after about 5–6 months, and reach maturity at about 2 years of age. It may live between 15 and 30 years in captivity, with little data recorded on their longevity in the wild. It demonstrates a
377:
glands, while males will also mark using wrist and palm glands by rubbing and twisting them against leaves, twigs or branches. Males also use a scent gland on the top of their head to mark, lowering their head and rubbing in quick sliding motions. Little is known of its vocalizations, but it has been
357:
has not been studied intensively in the wild, but it is known to be fairly social. Group sizes vary from four to eleven individuals on average. Females are dominant as in most lemur species, and there are usually more males than females in each social group. The blue-eyed black lemur is thought to be
394:
The blue-eyed black lemur helps propagate many rain forest plants. Since it digests the flesh but not the seeds of the fruits it eats, it spreads the seeds of more than 50 different plant species (deposited in a fresh pile of fertilizer), and some plants may have evolved specifically to be dispersed
325:. Males are solid black in color, with the hairs sometimes tinged brown at the roots. Females are reddish-brown in color with their underside and outline of their face a lighter tan. They have a dark brown or gray muzzle and the back of their hands and feet are a similar dark color. Both sexes have
381:
The blue-eyed black lemur has also been observed to be a highly aggressive species. There is frequent infighting between troop members, especially during the breeding and birthing seasons. In captivity it has been observed committing infanticide against other species of lemurs, a behavior that is
336:
look similar, they can be differentiated by the blue eyes and lack of prominent ear tufts of this species, while the black lemur has orange-red eyes and long, spiky cheek hairs. In the
Manongarivo Special reserve, where the range of the two species overlap, there is a report of
390:
Fruit, pollen, and nectar make up the bulk of this lemur's diet. During the dry season when food is scarce it may eat leaves, seeds and berries and rarely insects. It may also raid farmlands and eat some of the crops, which may lead to it being shot by farmers.
1128:
304:. It can attain a body length of 39–45 cm (15–18 in), a tail length of 51–65 cm (20–26 in), a total length of 90–100 cm (35–39 in), and a weight of 1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb). Being a
329:, hence the common name, and are one of the only primates other than humans to consistently have blue eyes. The eyes can range in color from a shocking electric blue, a light sky-blue, or a softer gray-blue.
431:
Humans have cut down almost all of this species' habitat to clear farm land. As a result, the blue-eyed black lemur is nearly extinct in the wild. The blue-eyed black lemur is listed on
Appendix I of
1121:
1114:
1662:
373:, vocalizations, and perhaps some facial expressions. Scent marking is an important means of communication as with most lemur species. Both genders will mark on trees with
407:. Its range extends from the Andranomalaza River in the north, to the Maevarano River in the south. Some areas where it can readily be seen are in the forests south of
308:, it has strong hands with palms like a human, which have a rubbery texture to give it a firm grip on branches. Its tail is longer than its body and is non-prehensile.
439:. As few as 1,000 individuals are thought to remain in the wild, largely due to slash and burn habitat destruction, as well as a mild threat from hunting problems.
1682:
1697:
1608:
366:
activity pattern, being awake sporadically throughout the day. The occasional nighttime activities are thought to be based on the intensity of the moonlight.
1137:
1543:
1692:
1569:
765:
341:
between the two species, but the resulting offspring always have orange eyes. Until 2008, the blue-eyed black lemur was considered a subspecies,
1672:
1687:
602:
1595:
620:
395:
by this lemur. The blue-eyed black lemur also pollinates many plants while it eats nectar and pollen from the plants' flowers.
1677:
1574:
1152:
378:
observed making a variety of grunts, chirps, barks and clicks. The males are known to make a sharp 'scree' when distressed.
76:
1053:
994:
403:
The blue-eyed black lemur inhabits primary and secondary sub-tropical moist and dry forests in the northwestern tip of
1253:
1044:
1035:
758:
1425:
1415:
1613:
1395:
1314:
113:
1334:
1106:
1062:
420:
881:
1499:
1243:
1213:
1162:
1485:
1447:
1324:
751:
549:
1634:
1365:
1223:
436:
218:
1667:
1530:
1182:
1080:
917:
322:
554:
1385:
1294:
1071:
489:
359:
61:
1344:
1203:
890:
872:
676:
575:
511:
260:
108:
1639:
244:
1621:
1517:
953:
926:
899:
831:
822:
729:
668:
598:
1626:
1375:
1274:
1003:
719:
711:
660:
567:
559:
484:
338:
234:
1587:
1284:
1096:
624:
1233:
935:
724:
715:
695:
47:
30:
1656:
1582:
1304:
944:
811:
743:
475:
466:
370:
175:
81:
617:
579:
1522:
1405:
1018:
977:
680:
412:
1600:
1556:
1479:
863:
416:
333:
39:
846:
563:
408:
404:
374:
363:
354:
301:
195:
1470:
908:
775:
326:
185:
125:
733:
672:
1509:
1464:
793:
540:
Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2008). "Lemur
Diversity in Madagascar".
145:
1548:
805:
317:
312:
305:
297:
165:
1561:
664:
571:
1494:
799:
787:
155:
135:
1441:
465:
Volampeno, S.; Randriatahina, G.; Schwitzer, C.; Seiler, M. (2020).
432:
98:
92:
1535:
696:"Fruit characteristics of species dispersed by the black lemur (
1445:
1110:
747:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
419:. It may also be seen in the remaining forest patches of the
639:
Birkinshaw, C. R.; Colquhoun, I. (1998). "Pollination of
634:
632:
1454:
1358:
1267:
1196:
1145:
1016:
975:
844:
820:
535:
533:
490:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8211A115563094.en
1122:
759:
8:
369:The blue-eyed black lemur communicates with
1663:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
597:. Conservation International. p. 291.
382:usually uncommon, especially in captivity.
332:Although the blue-eyed black lemur and the
1442:
1129:
1115:
1107:
766:
752:
744:
243:
70:
46:
29:
20:
723:
553:
488:
1138:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
448:
1683:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
7:
1698:Species endangered by slash-and-burn
542:International Journal of Primatology
700:) in the Lokobe Forest, Madagascar"
476:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
716:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00201.x
14:
112:
423:, such as the Ankarafa forest.
321:, the blue-eyed black lemur is
1693:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
1054:Southern lesser bamboo lemur (
995:Black-and-white ruffed lemur (
1:
1045:Western lesser bamboo lemur (
1036:Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (
1309:Trachypithecus poliocephalus
512:"Checklist of CITES Species"
55:Reddish-brown-haired female
1673:Endemic fauna of Madagascar
1254:Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee
1153:Madame Berthe's mouse lemur
1714:
1420:Ateles fusciceps fusciceps
1416:Brown-headed spider monkey
1063:Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (
1688:Mammals described in 1867
1167:Lepilemur septentrionalis
1093:
782:
774:Extant species of family
641:Ravenala madagascariensis
564:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y
266:
259:
251:
242:
224:
217:
109:Scientific classification
107:
90:
68:
59:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1426:Geoffroy's spider monkey
1335:Skywalker hoolock gibbon
593:Mittermeier, RA (2006).
1258:Pan troglodytes ellioti
1244:Niger Delta red colobus
1228:Erythrocebus baumstarki
1218:Cercocebus chrysogaster
1214:Golden-bellied mangabey
1163:Sahafary sportive lemur
963:Blue-eyed black lemur (
882:Sanford's brown lemur (
694:Birkinshaw, C. (2001).
645:Parkia madagascariensis
1329:Rhinopithecus brelichi
1325:Gray snub-nosed monkey
1315:Raffles' banded langur
1081:Greater bamboo lemur (
918:Collared brown lemur (
345:, of the black lemur.
24:Blue-eyed black lemur
1678:Mammals of Madagascar
1635:Paleobiology Database
1400:Plecturocebus grovesi
1366:Buffy-headed marmoset
1299:Semnopithecus vetulus
1238:Cercopithecus roloway
1224:Southern patas monkey
1208:Paragalogo rondoensis
1187:Propithecus coquereli
1173:Blue-eyed black lemur
1072:Golden bamboo lemur (
483:: e.T8211A115563094.
437:critically endangered
292:), also known as the
284:blue-eyed black lemur
77:Critically Endangered
16:Species of true lemur
1370:Callithrix flaviceps
1279:Nycticebus javanicus
891:White-headed lemur (
873:Common brown lemur (
595:Lemurs of Madagascar
421:Sahamalaza Peninsula
343:E. macaco flavifrons
323:sexually dichromatic
1406:Brown howler monkey
1396:Groves' titi monkey
1390:Cebus aequatorialis
1386:Ecuadorian capuchin
1349:Pongo tapanuliensis
1319:Presbytis femoralis
1295:Purple-faced langur
1289:Tarsius sangirensis
1248:Piliocolobus epieni
954:Red-bellied lemur (
927:Gray-headed lemur (
900:Red-fronted lemur (
832:Ring-tailed lemur (
653:Folia Primatologica
623:17 May 2008 at the
62:Conservation status
38:Black-haired male,
1500:eulemur-flavifrons
1486:Eulemur flavifrons
1456:Eulemur flavifrons
1345:Tapanuli orangutan
1204:Rondo dwarf galago
1177:Eulemur flavifrons
1157:Microcebus berthae
1004:Red ruffed lemur (
469:Eulemur flavifrons
289:Eulemur flavifrons
254:E. flavifrons
228:Eulemur flavifrons
210:E. flavifrons
1650:
1649:
1622:Open Tree of Life
1448:Taxon identifiers
1439:
1438:
1183:Coquerel's sifaka
1104:
1103:
1029:
988:
857:
665:10.1159/000021634
618:Duke Lemur Center
311:Like many of the
280:
279:
274:
102:
85:
1705:
1643:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1443:
1430:Ateles geoffroyi
1410:Alouatta guariba
1376:Ka'apor capuchin
1339:Hoolock tianxing
1275:Javan slow loris
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1028:
1027:
1023:
987:
986:
982:
936:Mongoose lemur (
856:
855:
851:
768:
761:
754:
745:
738:
737:
727:
691:
685:
684:
651:in Madagascar".
636:
627:
615:
609:
608:
590:
584:
583:
557:
548:(6): 1607–1656.
537:
528:
527:
525:
523:
508:
502:
501:
499:
497:
492:
462:
272:
252:Distribution of
247:
230:
117:
116:
96:
79:
74:
73:
50:
33:
21:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1354:
1285:Sangihe tarsier
1263:
1192:
1141:
1135:
1105:
1100:
1089:
1056:H. meridionalis
1047:H. occidentalis
1026:(Bamboo lemurs)
1025:
1024:
1022:
1012:
985:(Ruffed lemurs)
984:
983:
981:
971:
945:Crowned lemur (
853:
852:
850:
840:
816:
778:
772:
742:
741:
693:
692:
688:
638:
637:
630:
625:Wayback Machine
616:
612:
605:
592:
591:
587:
555:10.1.1.888.2333
539:
538:
531:
521:
519:
510:
509:
505:
495:
493:
464:
463:
450:
445:
429:
401:
388:
351:
294:Sclater's lemur
238:
232:
226:
213:
111:
103:
86:
75:
71:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1504:
1491:
1476:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1234:Roloway monkey
1231:
1221:
1211:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1065:H. alaotrensis
1060:
1051:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1001:
991:
989:
973:
972:
970:
969:
960:
956:E. rubriventer
951:
942:
933:
929:E. cinereiceps
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
860:
858:
842:
841:
839:
838:
828:
826:
818:
817:
815:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
783:
780:
779:
773:
771:
770:
763:
756:
748:
740:
739:
710:(3): 478–486.
698:Eulemur macaco
686:
659:(5): 252–259.
649:Eulemur macaco
628:
610:
603:
585:
529:
503:
447:
446:
444:
441:
428:
425:
400:
397:
387:
384:
350:
347:
278:
277:
276:
275:
264:
263:
257:
256:
249:
248:
240:
239:
233:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
205:
201:
200:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
105:
104:
91:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:Cebus kaapori
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:South America
1357:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:Cat Ba langur
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
990:
980:
979:
974:
968:
966:
965:E. flavifrons
961:
959:
957:
952:
950:
948:
943:
941:
939:
934:
932:
930:
925:
923:
921:
916:
914:
912:
907:
905:
903:
898:
896:
894:
889:
887:
885:
880:
878:
876:
871:
869:
867:
864:Black lemur (
862:
861:
859:
854:(True lemurs)
849:
848:
843:
837:
835:
830:
829:
827:
825:
824:
819:
813:
812:Strepsirrhini
809:
807:
803:
801:
797:
795:
791:
789:
785:
784:
781:
777:
769:
764:
762:
757:
755:
750:
749:
746:
735:
731:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
699:
690:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
614:
611:
606:
604:1-881173-88-7
600:
596:
589:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
551:
547:
543:
536:
534:
530:
517:
513:
507:
504:
491:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
470:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
449:
442:
440:
438:
434:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
398:
396:
392:
385:
383:
379:
376:
372:
371:scent-marking
367:
365:
361:
356:
348:
346:
344:
340:
339:hybridization
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
319:
315:in the genus
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
273:Sclater, 1880
271:
268:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
250:
246:
241:
236:
231:
229:
223:
220:
219:Binomial name
216:
212:
211:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:Strepsirrhini
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
115:
110:
106:
100:
94:
89:
83:
78:
67:
63:
58:
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1455:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1156:
1095:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1017:
1005:
997:V. variegata
996:
976:
964:
962:
955:
947:E. coronatus
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
902:E. rufifrons
901:
893:E. albifrons
892:
883:
874:
865:
845:
833:
821:
707:
703:
697:
689:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
613:
594:
588:
545:
541:
520:. Retrieved
515:
506:
494:. Retrieved
480:
474:
468:
430:
427:Conservation
413:Antananarivo
402:
393:
389:
380:
368:
352:
342:
331:
316:
310:
293:
288:
287:
283:
281:
269:
253:
227:
225:
209:
208:
196:
18:
1668:True lemurs
1557:iNaturalist
1480:Wikispecies
1140:(2022–2023)
920:E. collaris
909:Red lemur (
884:E. sanfordi
518:. UNEP-WCMC
496:19 November
417:Antsiranana
334:black lemur
40:Bristol Zoo
1657:Categories
1146:Madagascar
1038:H. griseus
810:Suborder:
704:Biotropica
572:10161/6237
443:References
409:Maromandia
405:Madagascar
375:anogenital
364:cathemeral
360:polygynous
355:true lemur
302:true lemur
270:nigerrimus
235:J. E. Gray
172:Suborder:
95:Appendix I
1074:H. aureus
1019:Hapalemur
938:E. mongoz
875:E. fulvus
866:E. macaco
786:Kingdom:
776:Lemuridae
550:CiteSeerX
435:, and is
327:blue eyes
204:Species:
186:Lemuridae
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
1507:BioLib:
1465:Wikidata
1097:Category
1083:H. simus
1006:V. rubra
911:E. rufus
834:L. catta
806:Primates
800:Mammalia
794:Chordata
792:Phylum:
788:Animalia
734:32313295
621:Archived
580:17614597
522:18 March
349:Behavior
261:Synonyms
182:Family:
166:Primates
156:Mammalia
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
1601:1000995
1549:7874997
1536:7022955
1471:Q882366
978:Varecia
847:Eulemur
804:Order:
798:Class:
725:7161794
681:3781731
673:9751827
399:Habitat
318:Eulemur
313:species
306:primate
298:species
296:, is a
197:Eulemur
192:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
80: (
1640:232781
1627:114057
1575:944079
1562:100710
1495:ARKive
1197:Africa
732:
722:
679:
671:
601:
578:
552:
237:, 1867
1614:87288
1523:6GXMK
1510:32014
823:Lemur
677:S2CID
576:S2CID
516:CITES
433:CITES
411:near
353:This
99:CITES
93:CITES
1609:NCBI
1588:8211
1583:IUCN
1570:ITIS
1544:GBIF
1268:Asia
730:PMID
669:PMID
643:and
599:ISBN
524:2015
498:2021
481:2020
415:and
386:Diet
282:The
1596:MDD
1531:EoL
1518:CoL
720:PMC
712:doi
661:doi
647:by
568:hdl
560:doi
485:doi
300:of
1659::
1637::
1624::
1611::
1598::
1585::
1572::
1559::
1546::
1533::
1520::
1497::
1482::
1467::
728:.
718:.
708:33
706:.
702:.
675:.
667:.
657:69
655:.
631:^
574:.
566:.
558:.
546:29
544:.
532:^
514:.
479:.
473:.
451:^
1432:)
1428:(
1422:)
1418:(
1412:)
1408:(
1402:)
1398:(
1392:)
1388:(
1382:)
1378:(
1372:)
1368:(
1351:)
1347:(
1341:)
1337:(
1331:)
1327:(
1321:)
1317:(
1311:)
1307:(
1301:)
1297:(
1291:)
1287:(
1281:)
1277:(
1260:)
1256:(
1250:)
1246:(
1240:)
1236:(
1230:)
1226:(
1220:)
1216:(
1210:)
1206:(
1189:)
1185:(
1179:)
1175:(
1169:)
1165:(
1159:)
1155:(
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1085:)
1076:)
1067:)
1058:)
1049:)
1040:)
1008:)
999:)
967:)
958:)
949:)
940:)
931:)
922:)
913:)
904:)
895:)
886:)
877:)
868:)
836:)
767:e
760:t
753:v
736:.
714::
683:.
663::
607:.
582:.
570::
562::
526:.
500:.
487::
471:"
467:"
286:(
101:)
84:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
