219:
122:
356:, worked on the ground to identify a line to be adopted for the practical purposes of confirming the Israeli withdrawal. While it was agreed that this would not be a formal border demarcation, the aim was to identify a line on the ground closely conforming to the internationally recognized boundaries of Lebanon, based on the best available cartographic and other documentary evidence.
22:
317:). The 1949 agreement stated that the border would follow the 1923 line. In 1923, 38 boundary markers were placed along the 49 mile border and a detailed text description was published. The 2000 Blue Line differs in about a half dozen short stretches from the 1949 line, though never by more than 475 meters.
532:
Israel continues to occupy northern Ghajar, but has attempted to withdraw repeatedly. This withdrawal to southern Ghajar has been complicated by the fact that residents object to both the splitting of the village and
Lebanese control, preferring a united village under Israeli control. Shebaa Farms, a
420:
The westmost point of the land connection between
Lebanon and Israel lies in between the Israeli kibbutz of Rosh Hanikra and the Lebanese city of Naqoura. The exact point where Lebanon, Israel, and the Mediterranean Sea has been designated as Point B1, and is the starting off point for the negotiated
630:
confirmed a border incident in which no one was hurt. Israel and
Lebanon offered differing accounts of the incident. A Lebanese military official said Israeli troops crossed the Blue Line 30 meters into Lebanese territory, prompting Lebanese soldiers to fire warning shots and the Israeli troops to
107:
militants. The length of the barrier is to be 130 kilometres (81 mi) and was expected to be complete by 2020. The project was expected to cost $ 450 million. Most of the barrier is a concrete wall topped by steel mesh, sensors and surveillance cameras. Steel fencing was to be used instead of
379:
Despite the Blue Line being respected as a de facto boundary, there remains a border dispute that arose after Israel's withdrawal from territory it occupied in southern
Lebanon in 2002, with Lebanon arguing that Israel is still holding Lebanese lands, even though the United Nations certified the
359:
On 7 June the completed map showing the withdrawal line was formally transmitted by the Force
Commander of UNIFIL to his Lebanese and Israeli counterparts. Notwithstanding their reservations about the line, the Governments of Israel and Lebanon confirmed that identifying this line was solely the
533:
nearby area, has a more complicated status. Israel and the United
Nations view the territory as originally belonging to Syria, and therefore not covered by UNSC Resolution 1701. Lebanon, however, claims it as Lebanese territory, and views the Israeli presence as a violation of international law.
363:
On 16 June the
Secretary-General reported to the Security Council that Israel had withdrawn its forces from Lebanon in accordance with resolution 425 (1978) and met the requirements defined in his report of 22 May 2000; namely, Israel had completed the withdrawal in conformity with the line
242:
within Israel which resulted in the deaths of 37 Israelis, including 13 children, and 76 wounded. In response, Israeli forces invaded southern
Lebanon from which the PLO operated regularly during the 1970s. Starting on the night of March 14–15 and culminating a few days later,
320:
Borders are usually negotiated between countries, and between 1950 and 1967 Israeli and
Lebanese surveyors managed to complete 25 non-contiguous kilometers and mark (but not sign) another quarter of the international border. On 17 April 2000, when Israeli Prime Minister
53:
on 7 June 2000 for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from
Lebanon. It has been described as: "temporary" and "not a border, but a “line of withdrawal”. It is the subject of an ongoing border dispute between Israel, Lebanon, and Hezbollah.
360:
responsibility of the United Nations and that they would respect the line as identified. On 8 June UNIFIL teams led by Lebanese Brig. General Imad Anka and Brigadier General Amin Htait commenced the work of verifying the Israeli withdrawal behind the line.
626:(IDF) responded. Lebanese Information Minister Tarek Mitri stated despite the fact that Lebanon accepted earlier the Blue line "The area where the tree was to be cut yesterday is south of the Blue Line but is Lebanese territory." The following year,
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1017:
407:, a former ambassador to Lebanon, said that talks had settled at least 7 of the disputed points. A retired Lebanese general described the majority of the disputed areas as "fighting over a couple of centimeters".
325:
announced that Israel would begin withdrawing its forces from Lebanon, the Lebanese government did not want to take part in marking the border. The UN thus conducted its own survey based on the line discussed in
1027:
649:
at an Israeli military convoy in the Shebaa farms, killing two soldiers and wounding seven. In response, Israel fired at least 50 artillery shells across the border into southern Lebanon, killing a Spanish
851:
1279:
668:. Then next year, rockets and a drone were launched from Southern Lebanon into Israel, which responded with artillery fire. There were no reported casualties but the rockets ignited a bush fire.
520:
Kafr Kila abutes Israel from Lebanon. Israel has constructed a security wall at the edge of the city, and has undertaken several operations to destroy tunnels from the village to northern Israel.
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By September 2018 Israel completed 11 kilometers of a concrete Israel-Lebanon barrier on the Israeli side of the demarcation line to protect Israeli communities from infiltration by
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1331:
587:
over several southern villages. Lebanese troops responded by firing at the Israeli jets with anti-aircraft weapons. Finally, the conflict culminated in the 34‑day
631:
retreat and fire at Lebanese border posts. The Israeli military sources said their forces were within Israeli territory when they came under fire from across the border.
676:
301:
during the violence of the 1980s. The 1949 line is in turn the same as the 1923 Mandate Line which was the border between French- and British-mandated territory (see:
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while the latter patrolled the southern (Israeli) side of the demarcation line. The soldiers were killed either during the attack or shortly after. This sparked the
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897:"18 Jun 2000] SC/6878 : SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES SECRETARY-GENERAL'S CONCLUSION ON ISRAELI WITHDRAWAL FROM LEBANON AS OF 16 JUNE"
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to follow up on the implementation of the Secretary-General's May 22 report. The United Nations cartographer and his team, assisted by
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A large number of Blue Line violations by Hezbollah, Palestinian factions under their control, and Israel took place during the
333:
On 25 May 2000 the government of Israel notified the Secretary-General that Israel had redeployed its forces in compliance with
272:
89:
58:
1082:
143:
422:
302:
172:
1232:"Disputed Alawite village caught between Israel, Hezbollah - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"
583:, but steadily escalated. From 2000 to 2007, Israeli jets violated Lebanese airspace over 1600 times, often breaking the
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425:. Israel is reportedly reluctant to surrender the peak, since it is a high point that provides a view as far as
259:, in order to better secure northern Israel and to support the Christian Lebanese militias in the course of the
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The Blue Line is based on the deployment of the IDF prior to 14 March 1978. It should not be confused with the
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411:
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SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES SECRETARY-GENERAL’S CONCLUSION ON ISRAELI WITHDRAWAL FROM LEBANON AS OF 16 JUNE
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615:
268:
244:
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25:
The Blue Line covers the Lebanese-Israeli border; an extension covers the Lebanese-Golan Heights border.
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boundary has been violated on multiple occasions. Most famously, Israel continues to occupy northern
852:
Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa-Tel Aviv Road
698:
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298:
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sea border. However, the ownership of B1 is in dispute with Lebanon making a claim, citing the 1923
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772:"Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970–1978)"
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85:
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maintenance work on the Israeli side of the Blue Line, killing one. Three Lebanese died when the
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against the Israeli invasion, stating that it had no connection with the Palestinian operation.
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The withdrawal line has been termed the Blue Line in all official UN communications since.
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218:
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carrying Hezbollah and Iranian officers in southern Syria, on 28 January 2015, Hezbollah
993:"Hezbollah Complicates Israel's Border Dispute With Lebanon – SHELDON KIRSHNER JOURNAL"
918:"It's time to talk about the Blue Line: Constructive re-engagement is key to stability"
747:"It's time to talk about the Blue Line: Constructive re-engagement is key to stability"
496:
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militia had been dismantled, and all detainees held at Al-Khiam prison had been freed.
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50:
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247:(IDF) troops occupied the entire southern part of the country except for the city of
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rocketing of civilian villages and an attack on an Israeli tank patrol with massive
1569:"Lebanon's Hezbollah denies infiltration attempt or clashes near Lebanese frontier"
708:
523:
404:
396:
256:
255:, the stated objective of which was to clear out PLO bases in Lebanon south of the
100:(UNIFIL) as a peacekeeping force to supervise the situation in Southern Lebanon.
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The border dispute is based around 13 or 14 points, including in the village of
121:
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688:
400:
322:
1587:"Netanyahu warns Hezbollah against playing with fire after frontier incident"
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1206:
1181:
1132:
1108:"Lebanon border talks: Can diplomacy succeed as Hezbollah and Israel clash?"
600:
596:
568:
506:
104:
21:
1544:"U.N. mission in Lebanon confirms Hezbollah tunnels crossed Israel border"
969:"IntelBrief: The Trajectory of the Israel-Lebanon Front Remains Uncertain"
557:
510:
465:
460:
809:"IDF: No Hezbollah militant will return alive from infiltration attempt"
286:(UNIFIL). The first UNIFIL troops arrived in the area on 23 March 1978.
1158:"What's really going on in the dispute over the Lebanon-Israel border?"
1022:
447:
415:
349:
146: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
77:
38:
1466:"Two Israeli Soldiers Killed in Attack Claimed by Lebanon's Hezbollah"
1667:
1567:
Bassam, Laila; Ghantous, Ghaida (27 July 2020). Liffey, Kevin (ed.).
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to destroy cross-border tunnels built by Hezbollah along the border.
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42:
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Atallah, Nada Maucourant; Prentis, Jamie; Homsi, Nada (2024-01-14).
1605:"IDF thwarts Hezbollah infiltration attempt into Israeli territory"
1375:
UNIFIL says Israelis were in their territory, Beirut refutes claim
426:
217:
1624:"Lebanon's Hezbollah accuses Israel of fabricating border clash"
93:
251:
and its surrounding area. This operation is known in Israel as
1305:
1018:"Thirteen Israeli border points raising tensions with Lebanon"
828:"Israeli wall rising near border with Lebanon stokes tensions"
115:
16:
Israel–Lebanon border demarcated by the United Nations in 2000
1642:"Israel says it downed a Hezbollah drone that crossed border"
1332:"Lebanon to UN: Israel breached truce deal hundreds of times"
666:
Israeli soldiers and four Hezbollah combatants exchanged fire
1256:"Israel, Hezbollah exchange fire, raising regional tensions"
1207:"The challenging journey toward defusing Hezbollah tensions"
1182:"The challenging journey toward defusing Hezbollah tensions"
944:"Why is there a disputed border between Lebanon and Israel?"
88:
restores effective authority in the area to the border. The
293:, established in 1949, which is the armistice line of the
1498:"Two Israeli soldiers killed in Hezbollah missile attack"
388:, was holding talks to resolve the land border dispute.
1699:
UN Security Council Press Release SC/6878, 16 June 2000
1133:"How Israel, Lebanon see border redrawn after Gaza war"
1075:
The Truman Institute Atlas of the Jewish–Arab Conflict
872:"International Boundary Studies for most of the world"
1280:"Israelis Held by the Hizbullah - Oct 2000-Jan 2004"
384:, the US government official who helped resolve the
1392:"UN disputes Lebanese claim Israel violated border"
781:. United Nations. pp. §275–279. Archived from
603:fire on Lebanese targets and a ground invasion of
556:. However, the majority of border violations are
1464:Casey, Nicholas; Abdulrahim, Raja (2015-01-28).
741:
739:
618:opened fire on Israeli army soldiers performing
719:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583
714:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559
861:. Historical Documents Archive: 12 March 1978.
779:Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
328:United Nations Security Council Resolution 425
8:
634:On 15 December 2013, a Lebanese Army sniper
1522:"Israel targets Hezbollah 'terror tunnels'"
643:an Israeli attack against a military convoy
1175:
1173:
222:The Israel–Lebanon border fence, north of
206:Learn how and when to remove this message
544:Israeli violations of Lebanese territory
386:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute
309:mandate and Palestine / Israel a former
20:
1351:"Computerised weaponry and high morale"
735:
284:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
98:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
1440:"Troops shot on Israel-Lebanon border"
850:Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
657:On 4 December 2018, Israel initiated
278:On 19 March 1978 the Council adopted
108:concrete in especially rugged areas.
7:
144:adding citations to reliable sources
1302:"Israel, Hezbollah swap prisoners"
967:Millender, Michaela (2024-01-03).
610:The border stayed quiet until the
364:identified by the United Nations,
271:submitted a strong protest to the
14:
232:Palestine Liberation Organization
1654:from the original on 2022-07-05.
840:from the original on 2023-02-07.
612:2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash
380:withdrawal. As of October 2023,
340:From 24 May to 7 June 2000, the
335:Security Council resolutions 425
155:"Blue Line" withdrawal line
120:
1622:Azhari, Timour (28 July 2020).
1416:"Israel and Lebanon trade fire"
1156:Hamadi, Ghadir (17 July 2023).
878:from the original on 2008-09-24
573:abducted three Israeli soldiers
273:United Nations Security Council
131:needs additional citations for
90:United Nations Security Council
59:United Nations Security Council
1349:Urquhart, Conal (2006-08-11).
1083:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
807:Ahronheim, Anna (2018-09-06).
1:
826:Zion, Ilan Ben (2018-09-06).
577:2000–06 Shebaa Farms conflict
1230:Eldar, Shlomi (2015-01-30).
1205:Ben-Ari, Lior (2023-12-13).
1180:Ben-Ari, Lior (2023-12-13).
1131:Ari, Lior Ben (2024-01-09).
638:in the Rosh Hanikra border.
636:shot dead an Israeli soldier
724:South Lebanon security belt
1734:
1016:Harel, Amos (2018-02-27).
647:fired an anti-tank missile
541:
49:. It was published by the
1718:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
677:Israel–Hezbollah conflict
659:Operation Northern Shield
423:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement
303:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement
234:(PLO) operatives, led by
1396:San Diego Union-Tribune
591:. Israel responded to
305:); Lebanon is a former
267:. On 15 March 1978 the
84:and to ensure that the
1072:Arieli, Shaul (2020).
227:
57:On 19 March 1978, the
26:
1713:Israel–Lebanon border
624:Israel Defense Forces
616:Lebanese Armed Forces
399:and the hills around
295:1948 Arab–Israeli War
245:Israel Defense Forces
240:Coastal Road massacre
221:
86:government of Lebanon
24:
1330:(November 1, 2007).
857:24 June 2009 at the
699:Green Line (Lebanon)
299:Green Line in Beirut
140:improve this article
1470:Wall Street Journal
997:sheldonkirshner.com
694:Green Line (Israel)
579:, which began at a
567:On 7 October 2000,
562:military operations
366:South Lebanese Army
269:Lebanese government
263:- most notably the
1664:Lebanon Background
1548:The Jerusalem Post
1528:. 4 December 2018.
1308:. January 29, 2004
1236:www.al-monitor.com
942:Al Jazeera Staff.
788:on 19 October 2013
261:Lebanese Civil War
238:, carried out the
228:
27:
1092:978-965-92881-1-3
973:The Soufan Center
664:On 27 July 2020,
560:or other limited
558:exchanges of fire
315:League of Nations
265:Free Lebanon Army
230:On 11 March 1978
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190:
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1678:"Thin Blue Line"
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1355:The Guardian
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593:diversionary
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133:verification
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72:calling for
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704:Purple Line
614:, in which
96:set up the
63:Resolutions
1707:Categories
1628:Al Jazeera
1553:2019-06-05
1507:2023-08-10
1502:Al Jazeera
1483:2023-08-10
1450:2023-08-10
1425:2023-08-10
1420:Al-Jazeera
1401:2023-08-10
1361:2006-10-08
1284:mfa.gov.il
1265:2024-02-14
1260:Al Jazeera
1241:2024-02-14
1216:2024-03-19
1191:2024-02-14
1142:2024-02-14
1117:2024-02-14
1081:. Israel:
1058:2024-02-14
1034:2024-03-19
1002:2024-02-14
978:2024-02-14
953:2024-02-14
948:Al Jazeera
928:2024-02-14
903:2011-03-19
882:2008-11-24
757:2023-08-10
730:References
689:Good Fence
597:airstrikes
542:See also:
538:Violations
401:Kfarchouba
323:Ehud Barak
297:, nor the
291:Green Line
166:newspapers
1478:0099-9660
1312:April 26,
1049:"i24NEWS"
601:artillery
569:Hezbollah
516:Kafr Kila
507:Misgav Am
196:June 2012
105:Hezbollah
37:dividing
31:Blue Line
1683:Ha'aretz
1652:Archived
1526:BBC News
1444:BBC News
1357:. London
1211:Ynetnews
1186:Ynetnews
1137:Ynetnews
899:. Un.org
876:Archived
855:Archived
838:Archived
792:6 August
683:See also
675:and the
550:de facto
511:Adaisseh
466:Har Adir
461:Marwahin
452:Boustane
61:adopted
45:and the
1670:, 2006.
1609:I24news
1591:Reuters
1573:Reuters
1336:Haaretz
1023:Haaretz
571:forces
448:Shomera
416:Naqoura
350:Lebanon
311:British
180:scholar
78:Lebanon
74:Israeli
39:Lebanon
1668:UNIFIL
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922:UNIFIL
751:UNIFIL
641:After
628:UNIFIL
554:Ghajar
528:Ghajar
502:Metula
493:Manara
484:Yiftah
475:Avivim
470:Rmaich
457:Shtula
443:Hanita
433:Shlomi
393:Ghajar
354:UNIFIL
346:Israel
307:French
224:Metula
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112:Origin
43:Israel
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488:Blida
427:Haifa
187:JSTOR
173:books
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1087:ISBN
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548:The
348:and
249:Tyre
159:news
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